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In order to improve the surface corrosion resistance of automotive aluminum alloy components, the chemical passivation of chromium sulfate was selected to study the surface passivation process and corrosion resistance of passive film of 5052 aluminum alloy. The influences of the Cr2(SO4)3 concentration, K2ZrF6 active agent concentration in passivation solution, and the passivation time on the passivation quality were investigated. In addition, the corrosion resistance of passive film was studied by neutral salt spray test and cupric sulfate dropping corrosion test. Results showed when the conditions were 1.0 g/L Cr2(SO4)3, 2.5 g/L K2ZrF6, and 3 min of the passivation time, the obtained passivation film was continuous, uniform, and had good gloss. The passive film met the requirements of 240 h salt spray test and had the best corrosion resistance, which could meet the anti - corrosion requirements of automotive aluminum alloy appearance parts.

The effects of transgenic Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac rice (Huahui 1) and its original parent (Minghui 63) the on the growth and development of indian meal moth during storage were studied. The results showed that,transgenic rice with Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac gene has a strong lethal effect on the youth larvae (1st to 3rd instars).Temperature has a significant effect on the development duration and speed of each stage of indian meal moth, and the development period was significantly prolonged after being fed with 2% transgenic brown rice meal. The nonlinear model of temperature-dependent developmental rate showed that the developmental threshold temperature of indian meal moth was 7.40 ℃ to 15.94 ℃, while those fed with 2% transgenic brown rice meal was 4.90 ℃ to 17.36 ℃. Our research can deepen the understanding of ecological safety of Bt transgenic rice in theory, and provide theoretical support for scientific development and utilization of Bt transgenic rice in practice.

Transgenic cry1Ab/cry1Ac rice (Huahui 1) is able to control the stored pest Plodia interpunctella.Our previous study confirmed that the enzymatic activities of three major antioxidases, including POD, CAT,and SOD, could be significantly changed after short-term stressed with these Bt containing rice. This study focused on the characteristics of rice during storage, the results showed that the Bt protein content in rice husk and brown rice was 5.534 μg/g and 1.003 μg/g respectively, and after 270 days at 25 ℃, the degradation rate was 67.3% and 27.7%, respectively. Moreover, the enzymatic activities of three antioxidases in P.interpunctella long-term fed with transgenic cry1Ab/cry1Ac rice powder would be addressed by enzymatic detection assays. Our data showed that the SOD activities could be significantly inhibited by the Bt containing rice after fed with Bt-rice powder for 12 days or 5 months, However, the enzymatic activities of POD and CAT significantly increase with the concentrations of Bt toxins. In addition, the change trend of protective enzyme activity in the Indian Meal Moth fed with transgenic rice flour for 5 months was consistent with that after 12 days of feeding. Our researches find that there are differences in the trend of increase and decrease of the three major protective enzymes after fed with Bt containing rice powder for a long time,which indicates that the expression mechanisms of the three protective enzymes might be different. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the study of toxicology and related resistance mechanism of transgenic Bt crops.

The Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac transgenic crops can effectively control pests. In the present study, the world-wide distribute pest, Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübener), was taken as the research object. The genes closely related to Bt toxin protein were sequenced using a high-throughput sequencing to reveal the insecticidal mechanism of Bt transgenic rice. The results showed that the de novo assembly generated a total of 37,246 unigenes among of which 23,310 unigenes could be annotated after the transcriptome sequencing was performed on the non stressed population and Bt transgenic rice meal stressed population of Indian rice borer, respectively. Then, 34,466 significantly differentially expressed genes including 15,741 up-regulated genes and 18,725 down-regulated genes were determined by the Reads Per kb per Million reads (RPKM) method. Our database provides powerful tools for transcriptome analysis of P.interpunctella and further understanding of the molecular basis of Bt related mechanisms in P. interpunctella.

Took brown sugar as the research object, this paper compared the color difference of brown sugar solids in different origins and pressed seasons and the liquid when they are dissolved at the same concentration, and analyzed the characteristic odor components of brown sugar solid samples and discussed the feasibility of color difference meter and electronic nose to determine the flavor quality of brown sugar.The experimental results showed that the color of brown sugar samples from different origins and extraction seasons were obviously different, and the volatile components of brown sugar samples from different origins were also different. The electronic nose can effectively identify and determine brown sugar from different origins and determine its characteristic gas components, namely sulfides and nitrogen oxides. Both the color difference meter and the electronic nose can be used as a technical means for measuring and evaluating the flavor quality of brown sugar instead of sensory evaluation.

Eric R Chen,1 Peter K Kaiser2 1School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; 2Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USACorrespondence: Peter K KaiserCole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk i3-125, Cleveland, OH 44195, USATel +1 (216) 444-6702Email kaiserp@ccf.orgAbstract: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness in older adults worldwide. The advent of intravitreal neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has revolutionized the management of patients with neovascular AMD, but current anti-VEGF therapies carry a high threshold of patient burden. The ranibizumab port delivery system (PDS) is an implanted, refillable reservoir that continuously supplies the anti-VEGF medication ranibizumab directly into the vitreous, eliminating the need for frequent intravitreal injections. It has most recently been evaluated in the Phase II LADDER trial demonstrating the efficacy and safety of the PDS, with Phase III trials currently underway. This review presents both the promise and drawbacks of the PDS in the treatment of AMD from the current literature.Keywords: neovascular age-related macular degeneration, ranibizumab, port delivery system, vascular endothelial growth factor

We present an approximate analytical approach to the adsorption problem of ABA triblock copolymers confined between two parallel plates in a θ solvent and give the expression of the propagator q(x, t) as a piece-wise function by solving the modified diffusion equation. In this way, the role of separation between the two plates, adsorption energy and block lengths on segment concentration profile, chain conformations, and interaction potential is then investigated, which agrees well with the numerical results. It is demonstrated that there are parallels between lengthening adsorbing A blocks and increasing surface affinity: strong adsorption and long adsorbing blocks favor the formation of loops and bridges, whereas more tails and free chains exist in the case of weak adsorption and short A blocks at large separations. For moderate and strong adsorptions, the bridging fraction begins to plummet at a separation larger than the end-to-end distance of non-adsorbing B block RB and becomes negligible at above 2RB owing to the entropy effect. The depth of the potential well in the interaction potential profile depends on the adsorption energy and A block length, while the location of the potential minimum corresponds to the onset of the sharp decrease in bridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common serious complication in sepsis patients with a high mortality rate. This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for sepsis associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI). Methods: In our study, we retrospectively constructed a development cohort comprising 733 septic patients admitted to eight Grade-A tertiary hospitals in Shanghai from January 2021 to October 2022. Additionally, we established an external validation cohort consisting of 336 septic patients admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2019. Risk predictors were selected by LASSO regression, and a corresponding nomogram was constructed. We evaluated the model's discrimination, precision and clinical benefit through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration plots, decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curves (CIC) in both internal and external validation. Results: AKI incidence was 53.2% in the development cohort and 48.2% in the external validation cohort. The model included five independent indicators: chronic kidney disease stages 1 to 3, blood urea nitrogen, procalcitonin, D-dimer and creatine kinase isoenzyme. The AUC of the model in the development and validation cohorts was 0.914 (95% CI, 0.894–0.934) and 0.923 (95% CI, 0.895–0.952), respectively. The calibration plot, DCA, and CIC demonstrated the model's favorable clinical applicability. Conclusion: We developed and validated a robust nomogram model, which might identify patients at risk of SA-AKI and promising for clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundCentral venous catheter (CVC) occlusion is common, affecting 30% of all CVCs.ObjectiveTo compare length of stay (LOS), costs, and readmissions associated with the use of alteplase to clear catheter blockage to outcomes associated with catheter replacement.DesignRetrospective observational study utilizing a large hospital database.ParticipantsHospitalized patients treated for catheter occlusion from January 2006 to December 2011.Main measuresUnivariate analyses of patient characteristics and treatment patterns and multivariable regression analyses of postocclusion hospital costs, LOS, and 30- and 90-day readmissions were conducted.Key resultsWe included 34,579 patients treated for a CVC occlusion by replacement (N=1028) or by alteplase (2 mg) administration (N=33,551). Patients receiving alteplase were somewhat younger than those having catheter replacement (60 ± 19 vs 62 ± 20 years old, P=0.0002). After adjusting for patient and hospital factors via regression modeling, average daily postocclusion costs were $317 lower for alteplase recipients than for catheter replacement patients (95% confidence interval [CI]: 238.22-392.24; P0.05). Odds of readmission were not significantly different at 30 or 90 days.ConclusionsAmong patients treated for an occluded CVC, alteplase-treated patients had lower daily and total postocclusion costs than patients receiving catheter replacement. Cost differences were mainly driven by lower operating room/surgery, radiology, and supplier costs.