Search

Abstract While prior studies have emphasized that overqualified employees are considered valuable and scarce resources for organizational innovation, there has been insufficient exploration of the process through which these employees utilize their advantageous resources to gain additional new resources and ultimately foster innovative behaviors. This study draws on conservation of resources theory to build a theoretical model that outlines how overqualified employees affect their acquisition of competence-based resource (i.e., role breadth self-efficacy) and subsequent innovative work behavior. Results from a multiwave field study revealed that perceived overqualification is positively associated with employees’ role breadth self-efficacy, which in turn prompts them to engage in innovative work behavior. The positive indirect effect of overqualification on innovative work behavior via role breadth self-efficacy is stronger when overqualified employees perceive a higher (versus lower) level of job autonomy. Overall, this study extends theory by demonstrating how overqualified employees engage in resource acquisition and utilization processes to overcome potential resource depletions and foster innovative work behavior.

ObjectiveTo introduce the basic design， development plan and objectives of a population-based birth cohort in Shanghai， and further present the main data and baseline characteristics of enrolled participants in the cohort， and to provide key information for reproductive health-related studies.MethodsThe Shanghai population-based birth cohort initiated on January 1， 2005， included newborns born in Shanghai every year and their parents， and collected information on reproductive health， reproductive treatment， birth characteristics， growth and development status， as well as the incidence， treatment and death of diseases by employing data linkage technology and investigations. This formed a birth cohort spanning the entire life cycle.ResultsAs of October 2022， a total of 2 978 538 newborns and their parents were included in the cohort. Among them， 2 905 135 （97.54%） were naturally conceived （NC）， and 73 403 （2.46%） were born through assisted reproductive technologies （ART）. The average age of parents was （32.56±4.12） years old for females and （34.62±5.34） years old for males in the ART group， which was higher than （28.02±4.71） years and （30.07±5.54） years for parents in the NC group. Among parents， females and males aged 30 and above accounted for 77.12% and 85.08%， respectively， which were higher than that of parents （35.28% for females and 49.66% for males） in the NC group. Furthermore， the percentage of parents with a college degree or above in the ART group was 73.23% for females and 73.66% for males， which were higher than those in the NC group （49.98% and 50.91%， respectively）. The multiple births rate in the ART group was 33.81%， which was higher than that in the NC group （1.88%）. The incidence of premature birth and low birth weight in the ART group were 24.47% and 19.08%， respectively， which was higher than that in the NC group （5.47% and 3.73%）.ConclusionThe comprehensive collection of reproductive health-related information in the birth cohort in Shanghai can provide essential resources to determine the influence of genetics， environment， reproductive treatment and other related factors on the health of offspring after birth.

Abstract We propose a novel black hole model in which singular and regular black holes are combined as a whole and more precisely singular and regular black holes are regarded as different states of parameter evolution. We refer to them as singular and regular states, respectively. Furthermore, the regular state is depicted by the final state of parameter evolution in the model. We also present the sources that can generate such a black hole spacetime in the framework of F(R) gravity. This theory of modified gravity is adopted because it offers a possible resolution to a tough issue in the thermodynamics of regular black holes, namely the discrepancy between the thermal entropy and Wald entropy. The dynamics and thermodynamics of the novel black hole model are also discussed when a singular state evolves into a regular state during the change of charge or horizon radius from its initial value to its extreme value.

Abstract The rigid hull encasing Tartary buckwheat seeds necessitates a laborious dehulling process before flour milling, resulting in considerable nutrient loss. Investigation of lignin composition is pivotal in understanding the structural properties of tartary buckwheat seeds hulls, as lignin is key determinant of rigidity in plant cell walls, thus directly impacting the dehulling process. Here, the lignin composition of seed hulls from 274 Tartary buckwheat accessions is analyzed, unveiling a unique lignin chemotype primarily consisting of G lignin, a common feature in gymnosperms. Furthermore, the hardness of the seed hull showed a strong negative correlation with the S lignin content. Genome‐wide detection of selective sweeps uncovered that genes governing the biosynthesis of S lignin, specifically two caffeic acid O‐methyltransferases (COMTs) and one ferulate 5‐hydroxylases, are selected during domestication. This likely contributed to the increased S lignin content and decreased hardness of seed hulls from more domesticated varieties. Genome‐wide association studies identified robust associations between FtCOMT1 and the accumulation of S lignin in seed hull. Transgenic Arabidopsis comt1 plants expressing FtCOMT1 successfully reinstated S lignin content, confirming its conserved function across plant species. These findings provide valuable metabolic and genetic insights for the potential redesign of Tartary buckwheat seed hulls.

Abstract The unique dumbbell-shape of grass guard cells (GCs) is controlled by their cell walls which enable their rapid responses to the environment. The molecular mechanisms regulating the synthesis and assembly of GC walls are as yet unknown. Here we have identified BZU3, a maize gene encoding UDP-glucose 4-epimerase that regulates the supply of UDP-glucose during GC wall synthesis. The BZU3 mutation leads to significant decreases in cellular UDP-glucose levels. Immunofluorescence intensities reporting levels of cellulose and mixed-linkage glucans are reduced in the GCs, resulting in impaired local wall thickening. BZU3 also catalyzes the epimerization of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, and the BZU3 mutation affects N-glycosylation of proteins that may be involved in cell wall synthesis and signaling. Our results suggest that the spatiotemporal modulation of BZU3 plays a dual role in controlling cell wall synthesis and glycosylation via controlling UDP-glucose/N-acetylglucosamine homeostasis during stomatal morphogenesis. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms controlling formation of the unique morphology of grass stomata.

Objective To analyze the incidence and influencing factors of acute adverse reactions (AARs) of non-ionic iodine contrast medium (ICM) in the real world. Methods A retrospective case-control study was carried out on 332 683 patients receiving ICM-enhanced CT examination at our medical center from 2014 to 2020. They were 184 498 males and 148 185 females, at an age from 0 to 101 (57.91±14.36) years. According to experiencing AARs or not, the patients were divided into case group (ICM-AARs, n=931) and control group (no ICM-AARs, n=331 752). Single factor and multi factor logistic regression analyses were used to screen out the influencing factors of ICM-AARs. Results In the cohort, the incidence of ICM-AARs was 0.28% (931/332 683), with mild, moderate and severe AARs accounted for 93.88%, 4.83% and 1.29%, respectively. The results of regression analysis showed that history of ICM adverse reactions (OR=22.881, 95%CI: 16.235~32.246), history of other allergies (OR=4.406, 95%CI: 2.338~8.303) and asthma (OR=5.614, 95%CI: 2.596~12.138) were closely associated with the occurrence of ICM-AARs (P < 0.05). Gender, source, history of drug allergy, ICM type and injection speed were risk factors, while older age, history of ICM use and hypertension history were protective factors (OR=0.396~1.674, P < 0.05), but the strengths of above associations with the ICM-AARs were relatively weak (P < 0.05). Conclusion The incidence of ICM-AARs is 0.28%, mainly mild adverse reactions. Previous history of ICM adverse reactions, other allergies, and asthma are the main factors affecting the occurrence of ICM-AARs.

The dysregulated expression of circRNA in gastric cancer (GC) induces paclitaxel (Tax) resistance of cancer cells, which in turn affects disease progression and prognosis. Here, we sought to investigate the role and mechanism of circ_002136 in Tax-resistant GC. In this study, we found the enriched circ_002136 level and the declined miR-16-5p level in Tax-resistant GC tissues and cells. Biologically, knockdown of circ_002136 elevated the Tax sensitivity of Tax-resistant GC cells, inhibited the cell motility properties, and simultaneously drove the apoptosis. Mechanically, circ_002136 promoted the HMGA1-mediated cellular Tax resistance and cell invasion by sponging miR-16-5p. Furthermore, circ_002136 silencing impeded the growth of Tax-resistant GC tumors in vivo. Overall, our study revealed a novel signaling pathway that could be used for future clinical applications, namely the circ_002136/miR-16-5p/HMGA1 axis to regulate the Tax resistance of GC cells.

The efficacy and safety of anticoagulant therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and atrial fibrillation (AF) remain uncertain. This study enrolled 431 AIS and AF patients from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between January 2019 and December 2021 and followed for 365 days to determine the associations between anticoagulants and clinical outcomes by assessing modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, recurrent ischemic stroke/systemic embolism (IS/SE), all-cause mortality, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and major bleeding. Final analysis included 400 eligible patients and divided them into antiplatelet group (n = 191) and anticoagulant group (n = 209). Anticoagulant therapy was associated with excellent (mRS 0–1; adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.63; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.61–4.30) and favorable functional outcomes (mRS 0–2; aOR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.69–4.70) and lower risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 0.35; 95% CI, 0.21–0.57), ICH (aHR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.23–0.87) and major bleeding (aHR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28–0.94), without increasing the risk of recurrent IS/SE (aHR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.45–1.24). In conclusion, anticoagulant therapy may be a more effective and safer option than antiplatelet therapy for AIS patients with AF.

Abstract In the view of the Gliner vacuum, we remove the deformations in the first law of mechanics for regular black holes, where one part of deformations associated with black hole mass will be absorbed into enthalpy or internal energy, and the other part associated with parameters rather than mass will constitute a natural V–P term. The improved first law of mechanics redisplays its resemblance to the first law of thermodynamic systems, which implies a restored correspondence of the mechanic variables to the thermodynamic ones. In particular, the linear relation between the entropy and horizon area remains unchanged for regular black holes. Based on the modified first law of thermodynamics, we establish a self-consistent theory of Ruppeiner geometry and obtain a universal attractive property for the microstructure of regular black holes. In addition, the repulsive and attractive interactions inside and outside regular black holes are analyzed in detail.

To overcome the drawbacks of poor development ability, easy to fall into local optimum, slow conver-gence speed of artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm in solving function optimization problems, an extreme indi-vidual guided artificial bee colony (EABC) algorithm is proposed. Firstly, global extremum and neighborhood ex-tremum individuals are used to guide search for employed bees and following bees. The global extremum individual guided search is good for the retention and development of excellent individuals in the population, so that the algorithm jumps out of local extremum and avoids premature convergence. The neighborhood extremum individual guided search is good for enhancing the search accuracy and improving the convergence speed of the algorithm, and the random number ris used to balance two search mechanisms. Secondly, the small probability mutation operator is introduced into search process, and each dimension of bee individual is mutated with a small probability to overcome local extremum and premature convergence of the algorithm. Finally, the greedy selection strategy based on the value of objective function is adopted to improve the optimization performance of the algorithm. Simulation experiments are carried out with 28 test functions and the algorithm proposed in this paper is compared with other algorithms. Experimental results show that the improved algorithm has higher optimization performance and faster convergence speed.

Abstract Background Inadequate postoperative pain management increases the risk of adverse events after the surgery and aggressive perioperative pain prevention has both short-term and long-term benefits. S(+)-ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist with a strong analgesic effect and can significantly relieve postoperative acute pain and reduce opioid consumption. However, for children, it still needs to be confirmed by large sample clinical studies. Methods This is a pragmatic, randomized controlled trial which will evaluate the effect of perioperative administration of S(+)-ketamine hydrochloride injection for postoperative acute pain in children in a pragmatic clinical setting. A total of 3000 children (≤17 years old) undergoing surgery will be included in this protocol. Subjects will be randomized 2:1 to either receive S(+)-ketamine hydrochloride injection or conventional therapy without S(+)-ketamine during the entire perioperative period. The primary endpoints are the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of Face Legs Activity Cry and Consolability (FLACC, 0–7 years old) scale score or Numerical Rating Scale (NRS, 8–17 years old) score within 48 h after surgery, and the consumption of opioids within 48 h after surgery. The secondary endpoints include the time of first use of rescue analgesics after surgery, rescue analgesia rate within 48 h after surgery, anesthesia recovery time, incidence of emergency delirium (for 0-7 years old), changes of anxiety and depression scale scores at 48 h after surgery (for 8-17 years old), incidence of intraoperative adverse events (AEs), and incidence of postoperative AEs and pharmacoeconomic indicators. AEs and serious AEs were recorded to evaluate safety. Discussion This trial will be the first pragmatic clinical trial to prospectively assess the effect of perioperative administration of S(+)-ketamine hydrochloride injection for postoperative acute pain in children, which is of great significance to the continuous optimization of clinical anesthesia and analgesia programs for children. Trial registration This trial was registered in the U.S. National Institutes of Health ClinicalTrials.gov database ( http://clinicaltrials.gov ; Registration number: NCT04834427). Registered on 8 April 2021.

Abstract Background We have reported the positive association of the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) axis with liver fibrosis induced by Schistosoma japonicum (Sj) infection, and TLR4 signaling controlled this axis. However, how COX-2 regulates immune response during Sj infection is still unclear. Methods Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate the effect of the COX-2-specific inhibitor NS398 on liver granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis. Flow cytometry was used to explore the frequency and amount of different immune cell infiltration in the spleen during Sj infection. Results NS398 significantly reduced the size of liver granuloma, spleen, and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and alleviated chronic granulomatous inflammation. Mechanically, this might be by decreasing the number of Sj-induced macrophages and T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, T follicular helper (Tfh), T follicular regulatory (Tfr), and germinal center B (GC B) cells. There were no differences in the number of neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, Th17 cells, regulatory T cells (Treg), or total B cells in the spleen of the mice with or without NS398 treatment. Conclusions COX-2/PGE2 inhibition may represent a potential therapeutic approach for schistosomiasis japonica through splenic cellular immunoregulation. Graphical Abstract

Abstract We address an interesting question in the present paper that whether the acoustic gravity can be applied as a tool to the study of regular black holes. For this purpose, we construct a general acoustic regular black hole in the spherically symmetric fluid, where its regularity is verified from the perspective of finiteness of curvature invariants and completeness of geodesics. In particular, we find that the acoustic interval not only looks like a line element of a conformally related black hole in which the fluid density can be regarded as a conformal factor, but also gives rise to a non-vanishing partition function which coincides with that of a conformally related black hole. As an application, we provide a specific acoustic regular black hole model, investigate its energy conditions and compute its quasinormal modes. We note that the strong energy condition of our model is violated completely outside the horizon of the model but remains valid in some regions inside the horizon, which may give a new insight into the relation between the regularity and strong energy condition. Moreover, we analyze the oscillating and damping features of our model when it is perturbed.

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk of fatal stroke mortality associated with short-term exposure to air pollution， and to determine the susceptible population.MethodsIn this study， daily stroke mortalities of adults between 2012 and 2014 in Songjiang District， Shanghai were collected. Time-stratified case-crossover approach was used to assess the association between daily concentrations of air pollutants and fatal stroke mortalities.ResultsThis study included 514 patients who died from acute strokes. The average concentrations during the study period were 77.45 μg·m-3 for PM2.5， 21.22 μg·m-3 for SO2， and 57.59 μg·m-3 for NO2. The fatal stroke mortality of adults under the age of 65 was found to be significantly associated with NO2. At the time of a Lag of 2 d and 03 d， a significantly higher risk of fatal stroke mortality in relation to NO2 exposure was observed， and the OR values of ischemic stroke mortality for people were 3.86 （1.53-9.75） and 5.83 （1.40-24.34） respectively. People over the age of 65 were more sensitive to increased PM2.5 concentrations， at the time of a Lag of 03 d， fatal strokes increased by 28% when PM2.5 levels increased. A significantly higher risk of fatal stroke mortality in relation to increase of NO2 concentration was observed among people who were overweight or obese.ConclusionA significantly higher risk of fatal stroke mortality is associated with the increase of PM2.5 and NO2. The results also suggest that the susceptible population should take additional precautions to avoid or reduce the risk of fatal strokes.

ObjectiveTo construct a cell line that can stably express human phospholamban（PLN） and initially explore its application in the study of myocardial toxicity mechanism.MethodsFastCloning method was used to insert the open reading frame sequence of target gene PLN into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA5/FRT/TO（hereinafter referred to as pDFT） to construct the pDFT-PLN-Flag plasmid. The Flp-InTM T-RExTM 293 cells were generated by cotransfection of the constructed plasmid and pOG44 plasmid to express the target gene. Successfully recombined monoclonal cell lines were screened by hygromycin B resistance. Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence （IFA） were used to examine the expression of the target protein in recombinant cells. After the cell line was exposed to aconitine, it was verified by Western blot to detect changes in PLN protein phosphorylation.ResultsAfter PCR amplification of the recombinant plasmid and DNA electrophoresis, the length of the amplified product is the same as the known PLN gene fragment, which is consistent with the open reading frame （ORF） sequence of the human PLN gene after sequencing. IFA and Western blot showed that the constructed proliferation cell line can stably express high levels of human PLN under induction and regulation. Preliminary results showed that the phosphorylation level of Thr17-PLN decreased after two hours of exposure to 1 μmol/L aconitine.ConclusionThis human cell line can stably express PLN and can be used to study the mechanism of action of aconitine on the cell at molecular level.

The design, planning and implementation of the first time uranium isotope detection project in inter-laboratory comparisons of nuclear fuel industry were introduced, the primary certified reference materials uranium isotopic of U3O8 was selected as split sample pair, Z-score and the allowable error limit (E) were used as the capability statistics to calculate and analyze the results of the inter-laboratory comparisons of uranium isotope enrichment, analysis and suggestions were made on the problem or dissatisfaction of the measurement results. By carrying out the first time comparison of uranium isotope project, the project of nuclear industry laboratories capability verification was expanded and the testing level of the laboratories were improved further. The technical foundation and quality assurance for the importance of uranium isotope measurement in production of nuclear fuel cycle was provided.

Perovskite semiconductor nanocrystals have emerged as a promising family of materials for optoelectronic applications including light-emitting diodes, lasers, light-to-electricity convertors and quantum light emitters. The performances of these devices are fundamentally dependent on different aspects of the excited-state dynamics in nanocrystals. Herein, we summarize the recent progress on the photoinduced carrier dynamics studied by a variety of time-resolved spectroscopic methods in perovskite nanocrystals. We review the dynamics of carrier generation, recombination and transport under different excitation densities and photon energies to show the pathways that underpin the photophysics for light-emitting diodes and solar cells. Then, we highlight the up-to-date spin dynamics and coherent exciton dynamics being manifested with the exciton fine levels in perovskite semiconductor nanocrystals which are essential for potential applications in quantum information technology. We also discuss the controversial results and the possible origins yet to be resolved. In-depth study toward a comprehensive picture of the excited-state dynamics in perovskite nanocrystals may provide the key knowledge of the device operation mechanism, enlighten the direction for device optimization and stimulate the adventure of new conceptual devices.

Objective To explore the effect of the multi-teaching mode based on the hospital-school joint teaching in the practical training of nursing students in the intensive care unit(ICU). Methods Totally 93 nursing students were trained using multi-teaching mode based on the hospital-school joint teaching, and the training and teaching effect were evaluated. Results After training, the operation evaluation results of simple respiratory balloon, artificial airway sputum suction, ECG monitoring, oral care, central venous pressure measurement, ventilator tube installation and parameter setting of ICU nursing students were improved(P＜0. 05). The operation score of simple respiratory balloon of nursing students from vocational school was superior to that of undergraduate students (P＜0. 05), and there was no significant difference in the rest of operation evaluation results (P>0. 05). The satisfaction of nursing students with teaching was high. Conclusion The multi-teaching mode based on the hospital-school joint teaching can improve the practical operation ability of nursing students in ICU, enhance the ability to adapt to ICU, improve the teaching quality, and help to cultivate practical nursing talents suitable for the development of the times. (目的 探究基于院校联合的多元教学模式在ICU护生临床带教中的应用效果。方法 对 2019 年7月—2020年1月在医院ICU实习的护生93人进行基于院校联合的多元教学模式培训, 并评价培训及教学效果。结果 培训后, ICU护生简易呼吸气囊的使用、人工气道吸痰、心电监护、口腔护理、中心静脉压测量以及呼吸机管路安装及参数设置等操作考核成绩均有较培训前提高, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05), 且专科生在培训后简易呼吸气囊的使用操作得分优于本科生(P>0. 05), 其余操作考核成绩本科生与专科生的差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05)。护生对于带教满意度较高。结论 基于院校联合的多元教学模式可提高护生在ICU的实践能力, 增强适应ICU的能力, 提高教学质量, 有利于培养适合时代发展的实用型护理人才。)

Nucleotide sugars, the activated forms of monosaccharides, are important intermediates of carbohydrate metabolism in all organisms. Here, we describe a method for the detection and quantification of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose in maize in order to compare their metabolism in both wild-type and mutated plants. Triple quadrupole operating in a multiple reaction monitoring mode was used to quantify nucleotide sugars. The limits of detection for UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose were 0.50 and 0.70 ng·mL−1, respectively. The recoveries of the method ranged from 98.3% to 103.6% with the relative standard deviations less than 6.3%. To prove the applicability of this method, we analyzed several sets of maize extracts obtained from different cultivars grown under standardized greenhouse conditions. All the results demonstrated the suitability of the developed method to quantify UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose in maize extracts.

By applying the dimensionless scheme, we investigate the quasinormal modes and phase transitions analytically for three types of regular black holes. The universal deviations to the first law of mechanics in regular black holes are proved. Meanwhile, we verify that second order phase transitions and Davies points still exist in these three models. In addition, we calculate their quasinormal modes in the eikonal limit by applying the light ring/quasinormal mode correspondence, and discuss the spiral-like shapes and the relations between the quasinormal modes and phase transitions. As the main result, we show that spiral-like shapes in the complex frequency plane are closely related to the parameterization, namely in some particular units the spiral-like shapes will emerge in the models, which may not be of the spiral behaviors reported by other authors. We also discover a universal property of regular black holes, i.e., the imaginary parts of their QNMs do not vanish for the extreme cases, which does not appear in singular black holes, such as the Reissner-Nordström and Kerr black holes, etc.

This study aims to observe the curative effect of Huaiqihuang Granules adjuvant therapy on primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS).

Abstract At strong-coupling and weak-field limit, the scalar Schwinger effect is studied by the field-theoretical method of worldline instantons for dynamic fields of single-pulse and sinusoidal types. By examining the Wilson loop along the closed instanton path, corrections to the results obtained from weak-coupling approximations are discovered. They show that this part of contribution for production rate becomes dominant as Keldysh parameter increases, it makes the consideration at strong coupling turn out to be indispensable for dynamic fields. Moreover a breaking of weak-field condition similar to constant field also happens around the critical field, defined as a point of vacuum cascade. In order to make certain whether the vacuum cascade occurs beyond the weak-field condition, following Semenoff and Zarembo’s proposal, the Schwinger effects of dynamic fields are studied with an $${\mathcal {N}}=4$$ N=4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory in the Coulomb phase. With the help of the gauge/gravity duality, the vacuum decay rate is evaluated by the string action with instanton worldline as boundary, which is located on a probe D3–brane. The corresponding classical worldsheets are estimated by perturbing the integrable case of a constant field.

[Introduction] In this paper, the thermal performance of a parabolic trough direct steam generation system (DSGS) is investigated. With the considerations of the stratified flow phenomenon and real flow patterns in the complex two-phase flow, the heat transfer progress in the DSG system is numerically studied, and the thermodynamic performances are revealed. [Method] Based on the flow pattern inside the trough collector, the two-phase heat transfer model in the trough-type heat collecting region was established, and the DSG process in the trough collector was simulated by MatLab programming. [Result] The variation of heat transfer characteristics of DSG technology along the length of the tube is revealed. The stratification phenomenon occurs in the two-phase flow region where the dryness is between 0.7 and 0.8. The occurrence of delamination reduces the heat transfer between the working medium and metal tube, which weakens the heat transfer effect. [Conclusion] This study provides a reference for the design and operation of DSG power stations, and verifies that the optimal arrangement of DSG collectors is recirculating.

Abstract The homogeneous cosmological models with a Liouville scalar field are investigated in classical and quantum contexts of Wheeler–DeWitt geometrodynamics. In the quantum case of quintessence field with potential unbounded from below and phantom field, the energy density operators are not essentially self-adjoint, and self-adjoint extensions contain ambiguities. Therefore the same classical actions correspond to a family of distinct quantum models. For the phantom field the energy spectrum happens to be discrete. The probability conservation and appropriate classical limit can be achieved with a certain restriction of the functional class. The appropriately localized wave packets are studied numerically using the Schrödinger’s norm and a conserved Mostafazadeh’s norm introduced from techniques of pseudo-Hermitian quantum mechanics. These norms give a similar packet evolution that is confronted with analytical classical solutions.

The development of cascaded hydropower plants in middle and small rivers has a significant impact on fish resources,mainly includes the destruction of fish habitat.The Qiuxiangjiang River belongs to the first-class tributary of the Dongjiang River in Guangdong Province.This paper evaluates the present situation of fish resources in the Qiuxiangjiang River by aquatic ecosystem investigation and sampling analysis,and compares it with historical data.The results show that due to cascade hydropower development and other human activities in the Qiuxiangjiang River Basin,the suitable habitat for fish decreases.The species and numbers of fish decrease sharply compared with historical records.The fish population structure is relatively unstable,and the fish diversity also gradually reduces.Therefore,for the cascade hydropower development in middle and small rivers,attention should be paid to overall planning the entire river basin,protecting the integrity of the river's aquatic ecosystem,and strictly requiring hydropower plants to build discharge facilities and strengthen supervision of their operation.