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Food security has been long understudied in the context of Central Asia. We present an analysis examining household-level food demand for Tajikistan and assessing the magnitude of its food security changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on an extensive household survey data set from Tajikistan, we estimate the expenditure, income, and price elasticities for nine food categories using the QUAIDS model. Then, we develop a microsimulation model using the estimated elasticities to assess the dual impact of declining remittance income and rising food prices stemming from the pandemic shock. There are significant differences in demand elasticities across food groups, with high elasticities observed for nutritious foods, such as meat, fruit, eggs, and milk, in rural households. Moreover, our findings show that changes in remittance income and food prices significantly negatively affected food security for rural households during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings have important implications for policymakers concerned about rural livelihoods and food security in remittance-receiving economies during the post-pandemic period.

Objective Targeting the technical challenges including difficult implementation of refined management, lagged progress control information, heavy safety supervision tasks, and difficulties in achieving digital handover in rail transit engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) projects, an intelligent management-control method and the key technologies for platform application of the EPC projects based on BIM (building information modeling) is proposed. Method The main management pain points and difficulties existing in EPC projects are analyzed. Business requirement analysis and overall architecture design for EPC based on system engineering and agile development theories are carried out. Key technologies such as lightweight modeling and 3D visualization, model-plan automatic association, and dynamic construction organization simulation based on data iteration are investigated. The above EPC management platform based on BIM is specially developed and applied to rail transit projects. Result & Conclusion The developed 12 intelligent design and smart modeling plugins can significantly improve model quality and modeling efficiency, and effectively address issues of graph-model consistency. The dynamic construction organization simulation technology based on data iteration can fully utilize actual data to predict project progress trends, enabling proactive corrective measures and effective control of overall engineering schedule objectives for large-scale projects. Work orders are used for approving critical on-site operations, and technological means such as IoT (Internet of Things) are comprehensively integrated to regulate construction personnel, material, and equipment configuration, as well as acceptance management processes, constraining all parties involved to correctly follow supervision and management procedures, thus ensuring the effectiveness of execution mechanisms and the reliability of information delivery while achieving digital handover throughout project full process.

Oxide eutectic ceramics have excellent high specific strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation and creep resistance, and so on, which are considered to be the promising materials to be used in ultra-high temperature oxidation, corrosion and other extreme environments. It shows great application prospects in the new generation of high thrust-to-weight ratio aero-engine for high-temperature hot-end structural components. Laser additive manufacturing technology has become one of the most promising cutting-edge technologies for the preparation of high-performance complex structural components in recent years. Crack defect is easy to occur in the process of laser rapid solidification of ceramics, which seriously affects the quality and performance of the oxide eutectic ceramics components. So, it has become a key factor restricting the engineering application. Two typical laser additive manufacturing technologies for ceramics including laser engineered net shaping and laser power bed fusion were briefly summarized. The crack morphology characteristics of different shaped components formed by the above two technologies were analyzed and compared. The formation mechanism of cracks in laser additive manufacturing of oxide ceramics was explored from the perspectives of microstructure characteristics, stress state. Further, a systematic summary was presented focusing on the improvement of microstructures and the reduction of thermal stress to inhibit crack formation through optimization of process parameters, compositional design, and outfield assistance. Finally, it is pointed out that the future development trends and breakthrough directions of oxide eutectic ceramics by laser additive manufacturing in terms of powder properties, forming primary and secondary factors, and forming technology research.

The bird-swallowing ability of engine must meet the requirements of the national military standard and airworthiness. It is necessary to propose a reliable method to assess the bird-swallowing ability of the engine before bird-swallowing tests, the test risk can be reduced and the test success rate can be increased. Based on the birdswallowing capability simulation and verification project of a turbofan, a method for evaluating the bird-swallowing capability of an engine is proposed in this paper based on simulation analysis, momentum analogy and contact stress analogy. According to the relevant standards and specifications, the test requirements are determined, and the birdswallowing test is carried out for four times. It is verified that the method is accurate. The test results and assessment methods can provide reference for the development of other turbofan models.

Objective To evaluate the reliability, validity and diagnostic accuracy of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging Epilepsy Algorithm (CLSA-EA) questionnaire (Chinese version) in screening Chinese adult epilepsy. Methods From August to October 2022, a total of 384 subjects and patients were included, who were respectively screened from urban and rural communities in Chengdu, Sichuan, and Department of Neurology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University. The CLSA - EA questionnaire (Chinese version) was used for the survey. Epilepsy was diagnosed according to 2014 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) criteria. Kappa coefficient and Cronbach's α coefficient were used to evaluate testretest reliability and internal consistency, respectively. Construct validity was used to test validity. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic consistency κ value were calculated by confusion matrix method to evaluate the effect of screening. Results Finally, 348 questionnaires were obtained, including 190 epileptic cases (54.60%) and 158 nonepileptic cases (45.40%), of which 244 were retested subjects, including 123 epileptic cases (50.41%) and 121 non-epileptic cases (49.59%). Retest reliability analysis in epileptic cases showed that the consistency of items Q3a, Q3bⅲ , Q3bⅳ , Q4a and Q4b in CLSA-EA questionnaire (Chinese version) had moderate consistency (0.400 ≤ κ < 0.750; P = 0.000, for all). Items Q1, Q2, Q3bⅰ, Q3bⅱ, Q3bⅴ, Q3bⅵ and Q3bⅶ had poor consistency (0.000 ≤ κ < 0.400; P < 0.05, for all). In non-epileptic cases, the consistencies of items Q2, Q3a, Q3bⅰ, Q4a and Q4b were moderate (P = 0.000, for all), Q3bⅴ and Q3bⅵ were poor (P = 0.000, for all), and no consistencies of Q3bⅱ , Q3bⅲ and Q3bⅳ were found (P > 0.05, for all). The internal consistency evaluation in epileptic cases showed that the internal consistency of all items and the sum of all items in the CLSA-EA questionnaire (Chinese version) were poor (Cronbach's α coefficient < 0.700). The internal consistency of items Q4a and Q4b for non-epileptic patients was also poor, but other items and the sum of all items were acceptable (Cronbach's α coefficient 0.700-0.800). The structural validity analysis showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the four factors was only 43%, and items Q1 and Q3a were not incorporated into the factors. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and consistency of CLSA -EA2 epilepsy determination algorithm were higher (> 0.900, for all). Conclusions The CLSA - EA questionnaire (Chinese version) has high sensitivity and specificity, which can guide the preliminary screening of epilepsy in China. However, the applicability, reliability and validity still need to be further considered.

Abstract The development of in situ techniques to quantitatively characterize the heterogeneous reactions is essential for understanding physicochemical processes in aqueous phase. In this work, a new approach coupling in situ UV–vis spectroscopy with a two‐step algorithm strategy is developed to quantitatively monitor heterogeneous reactions in a compact closed‐loop incorporation. The algorithm involves the inverse adding‐doubling method for light scattering correction and the multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) method for spectral deconvolution. Innovatively, theoretical spectral simulations are employed to connect MCR‐ALS solutions with chemical molecular structural evolution without prior information for reference spectra. As a model case study, the aqueous adsorption kinetics of bisphenol A onto polyamide microparticles are successfully quantified in a one‐step UV–vis spectroscopic measurement. The practical applicability of this approach is confirmed by rapidly screening a superior adsorbent from commercial materials for antibiotic wastewater adsorption treatment. The demonstrated capabilities are expected to extend beyond monitoring adsorption systems to other heterogeneous reactions, significantly advancing UV–vis spectroscopic techniques toward practical integration into automated experimental platforms for probing aqueous chemical processes and beyond.

Abstract As a highly dynamic tissue, bone is continuously rebuilt throughout life. Both bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts constitute bone reconstruction homeostasis. The equilibrium of bone homeostasis is governed by many complicated signaling pathways that weave together to form an intricate network. These pathways coordinate the meticulous processes of bone formation and resorption, ensuring the structural integrity and dynamic vitality of the skeletal system. Dysregulation of the bone homeostatic regulatory signaling network contributes to the development and progression of many skeletal diseases. Significantly, imbalanced bone homeostasis further disrupts the signaling network and triggers a cascade reaction that exacerbates disease progression and engenders a deleterious cycle. Here, we summarize the influence of signaling pathways on bone homeostasis, elucidating the interplay and crosstalk among them. Additionally, we review the mechanisms underpinning bone homeostatic imbalances across diverse disease landscapes, highlighting current and prospective therapeutic targets and clinical drugs. We hope that this review will contribute to a holistic understanding of the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms sustaining bone homeostasis, which are promising to contribute to further research on bone homeostasis and shed light on the development of targeted drugs.

ABSTRACT Botrytis cinerea is a typical necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungus which can deliberately acidify host tissues and trigger oxidative bursts therein to facilitate its virulence. The white collar complex (WCC), consisting of BcWCL1 and BcWCL2, is recognized as the primary light receptor in B. cinerea. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms through which the WCC components, particularly BcWCL2 as a GATA transcription factor, control virulence are not yet fully understood. This study demonstrates that deletion of BcWCL2 results in the loss of light-sensitive phenotypic characteristics. Additionally, the Δbcwcl2 strain exhibits reduced secretion of citrate, delayed infection cushion development, weaker hyphal penetration, and decreased virulence. The application of exogenous citric acid was found to restore infection cushion formation, hyphal penetration, and virulence of the Δbcwcl2 strain. Transcriptome analysis at 48 h post-inoculation revealed that two citrate synthases, putative citrate transporters, hydrolytic enzymes, and reactive oxygen species scavenging-related genes were down-regulated in Δbcwcl2, whereas exogenous citric acid application restored the expression of the above genes involved in the early infection process of Δbcwcl2. Moreover, the expression of Bcvel1, a known regulator of citrate secretion, tissue acidification, and secondary metabolism, was down-regulated in Δbcwcl2 but not in Δbcwcl1. ChIP-qPCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that BcWCL2 can bind to the promoter sequences of Bcvel1. Overexpressing Bcvel1 in Δbcwcl2 was found to rescue the mutant defects. Collectively, our findings indicate that BcWCL2 regulates the expression of the global regulator Bcvel1 to influence citrate secretion, tissue acidification, redox homeostasis, and virulence of B. cinerea.IMPORTANCEThis study illustrated the significance of the fungal blue light receptor component BcWCL2 protein in regulating citrate secretion in Botrytis cinerea. Unlike BcWCL1, BcWCL2 may contribute to redox homeostasis maintenance during infection cushion formation, ultimately proving to be essential for full virulence. It is also demonstrated that BcWCL2 can regulate the expression of Bcvel1 to influence host tissue acidification, citrate secretion, infection cushion development, and virulence. While the role of organic acids secreted by plant pathogenic fungi in fungus-host interactions has been recognized, this paper revealed the importance, regulatory mechanisms, and key transcription factors that control organic acid secretion. These understanding of the pathogenetic mechanism of plant pathogens can provide valuable insights for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies against fungal diseases.

Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) are a specialized subset of long-lived memory T cells that reside in peripheral tissues. However, the impact of TRM-related immunosurveillance on the tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) and tumor progression across various non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient populations is yet to be elucidated. Our comprehensive analysis of multiple independent single-cell and bulk RNA-seq datasets of patient NSCLC samples generated reliable, unique TRM signatures, through which we inferred the abundance of TRM in NSCLC. We discovered that TRM abundance is consistently positively correlated with CD4+ T helper 1 cells, M1 macrophages, and resting dendritic cells in the TIME. In addition, TRM signatures are strongly associated with immune checkpoint and stimulatory genes and the prognosis of NSCLC patients. A TRM-based machine learning model to predict patient survival was validated and an 18-gene risk score was further developed to effectively stratify patients into low-risk and high-risk categories, wherein patients with high-risk scores had significantly lower overall survival than patients with low-risk. The prognostic value of the risk score was independently validated by the Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) dataset and multiple independent NSCLC patient datasets. Notably, low-risk NSCLC patients with higher TRM infiltration exhibited enhanced T-cell immunity, nature killer cell activation, and other TIME immune responses related pathways, indicating a more active immune profile benefitting from immunotherapy. However, the TRM signature revealed low TRM abundance and a lack of prognostic association among lung squamous cell carcinoma patients in contrast to adenocarcinoma, indicating that the two NSCLC subtypes are driven by distinct TIMEs. Altogether, this study provides valuable insights into the complex interactions between TRM and TIME and their impact on NSCLC patient prognosis. The development of a simplified 18-gene risk score provides a practical prognostic marker for risk stratification.

MMC （modular multilevel converter） contains a large number of switching elements， which brings a huge computational burden to the electromagnetic transient simulation. For this problem， this paper proposes a rapid simulation method for full-bridge sub-module MMC based on bridge arm equivalent capacitance. A modeling method for arm equivalent circuit under normal working state， blocking state and full state was developed， and a simulation model was developed which can accurately simulate electromagnetic transient response of the full bridge MMC. On PSCAD/EMTDC platform， a two-terminal MMC-based DC grid test system was constructed to validate its feasibility. Additionally， the model was compared with the Thevenin equivalent model. The results confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed simulation.

Protocol recognition technology assumes a crucial position and exerts significant influence in the domains of network communication and information security. Existing protocol recognition methods based on spatio-temporal features cannot adequately and comprehensively extract protocol features. An application layer protocol recognition method incorporating SENet channel attention and Transformer is proposed. The model focuses on spatio- temporal feature extraction of protocol data, and the model consists of a spatial feature extraction module and a time extraction module. SE blocks are added to the residual network to capture the associations between multiple channels and adaptively assign weights, so as to extract the key space features in different channels. The temporal feature extraction module is constructed by stacking the transformer encoders based on multi-head attention mechanism. This module is used to comprehensively capture temporal features of the protocol data by directly leveraging the positional information of the input data. After extracting and learning more detailed spatial features and more comprehensive temporal features, better protocol feature representation is obtained to improve protocol recognition performance. Experiments are conducted on the ISCX2012 and CSE_CIC_IDS2018 hybrid datasets, and the results show that the overall recognition accuracy of the proposed model reaches 99.20%, and the [F1] score reaches 98.99%, which are higher than those of the comparison models.

In order to investigate the impact of marine propeller wake fields on sediment siltation in shallow water channels, this study employs the unsteady RANS approach and the Volume of Fluid model. A full-scale numerical self-propulsion test was conducted on a 50,000 DWT oil tanker under the influence of a free surface. The research includes forecasting the effect of propeller wakes on sediment redeposition following the dredging of the approach channel to Jiaxing Port in the China Sea. Initially, uncertainty research was carried out on the full-scale ship and propeller system, and the credibility of the computational results was quantified. The simulated results based on the sediment transport numerical model were then compared and validated against actual data from monitoring stations. The self-propulsion performance and the velocity distribution of the propeller wake were examined under three different propeller speeds. Scenarios simulated included no ship navigation, daily single-ship navigation, and daily two-ship navigation, evaluating the siltation distribution within the channel over one month. The results demonstrate that ship propeller wakes positively influence the reduction of channel sedimentation, with the maximum monthly siltation reduction reaching 0.108 m during single-ship tidal navigation and 0.11 m during two-ship tidal navigation.

Procambarus clarkii is an important economic species in freshwater culture. The secondary sexual characteristics of male crayfish have been studied, but little is known about female crayfish. In this study, it is found that cement glands appeared in the abdominal pleopods and telson of female crayfish during spawning period. The relationship between the appearance of cement glands and the ovarian development, mating behavior and spawning was studied, the histological change, proteome profiles of cement glands before and spawning were compared. The results are as follows: Cement glands was also a secondary characteristic of female crayfish. It had no significant promotion on mating behavior. Compared to crayfish without cement glands, female crayfish with cement glands had better developed ovary, manifested in higher gonadal index and oocyte diameter and significant lower VgR gene expression. The cement glands disappeared after the female crayfish spawned. The results of proteome profiles showed that about 312 proteins were identified in cement glands. These proteins possibly participate in maintaining the osmotic pressure of sperm and eggs, protecting and promoting the combination of fertilized eggs, and promoting the adhesion of eggs to the abdomen pleopods during the spawning period. Based on the characteristic of cement glands, it is inferred that the function of cement glands is mainly to prepare for spawning and egg hatching of female crayfish. The cement glands can be used as an indicator to help to evaluate the ovarian development and spawning period of female P.clarkii.

Monitoring crop condition, soil properties, and mapping tillage activities can be used to assess land use, forecast crops, monitor seasonal changes, and contribute to the implementation of sustainable development policy. Agricultural maps can provide independent and objective estimates of the extent of crops in a given area or growing season, which can be used to support efforts to ensure food security in vulnerable areas. Satellite data can help detect and classify different types of soil. The evolution of satellite remote sensing technologies has transformed techniques for monitoring the Earth’s surface over the last several decades. The European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Union (EU) created the Copernicus program, which resulted in the European satellites Sentinel-1B (S1B) and Sentinel-2A (S2A), which allow the collection of multi-temporal, spatial, and highly repeatable data, providing an excellent opportunity for the study of land use, land cover, and change. The goal of this study is to map the land cover of Côte d’Ivoire’s West Central Soubre area (5°47′1′′ North, 6°35′38′′ West) between 2014 and 2020. The method is based on a combination of S1B and S2A imagery data, as well as three types of predictors: the biophysical indices Normalized Difference Vegetation Index “(NDVI)”, Modified Normalized Difference Water Index “(MNDWI)”, Normalized Difference Urbanization Index “(NDBI)”, and Normalized Difference Water Index “(NDWI)”, as well as spectral bands (B1, B11, B2, B3, B4, B6, B7, B8) and polarization coefficients VV. For the period 2014–2020, six land classifications have been established: Thick_Forest, Clear_Drill, Urban, Water, Palm_Oil, Bareland, and Cacao_Land. The Random Forest (RF) algorithm with 60 numberOfTrees was the primary categorization approach used in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The results show that the RF classification performed well, with outOfBagErrorEstimates of 0.0314 and 0.0498 for 2014 and 2020, respectively. The classification accuracy values for the kappa coefficients were above 95%: 96.42% in 2014 and 95.28% in 2020, with an overall accuracy of 96.97% in 2014 and 96 % in 2020. Furthermore, the User Accuracy (UA) and Producer Accuracy (PA) values for the classes were frequently above 80%, with the exception of the Bareland class in 2020, which achieved 79.20%. The backscatter coefficients of the S1B polarization variables had higher GINI significance in 2014: VH (70.80) compared to VH (50.37) in 2020; and VV (57.11) in 2014 compared to VV (46.17) in 2020. Polarization coefficients had higher values than the other spectral and biophysical variables of the three predictor variables. During the study period, the Thick_Forest (35.90% ± 1.17), Palm_Oil (57.59% ± 1.48), and Water (5.90% ± 0.47) classes experienced a regression in area, while the Clear_Drill (16.96% ± 0.80), Urban (2.32% ± 0.29), Bareland (83.54% ± 1.79), and Cacao_Land (35.14% ± 1.16) classes experienced an increase. The approach used is regarded as excellent based on the results obtained.

Coal is vital for the energy system of China. As the digital economy develops rapidly in China and in the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, promoting the digital development of the coal industry becomes crucial for the industrial upgrade and high-quality development of the industry. This study defines the digitalization of the coal industry, clarifies the digital economy in the coal industry, and for the first time calculates the scale of digital economy in China's coal industry. The basic conditions for the digital development of the coal industry are sorted out, and the urgent issues that constrain the digital development of the industry, such as concept understanding, infrastructure, talent teams, and core technologies, are summarized. On this basis, strategic goals are proposed, and a strategic path is elucidated from the aspects of digital infrastructure, skilled personnel, key capabilities, and development environment. The key development directions, technologies for the entire industry chain, and key technologies for the digital development of the coal industry are emphasized. Furthermore, the following policy recommendations are proposed to build a solid support for the digital development of the coal industry: (1) establishing data management institutions and platforms, (2) establishing laboratories for developing coal-related digital technologies, (3) enhancing the data sharing and value mining capabilities of the industry, and (4) building training bases to cultivate skilled personnel for the digital development of the coal industry.

Online reviews are an important part of product information and have important effects on consumers’ purchasing decisions. Some sellers try to manipulate the market by inducing online reviews. In this study, a signal game model based on Bayesian conditional probability is constructed to analyze the preconditions, decision-making process, and effect on market demand and profit of this behavior. The results show that first, when consumer sensitivity to rebates reaches a certain threshold, low-quality sellers will adopt a conditional rebate strategy to induce consumers to give positive reviews. Second, the optimal rebate cost (β*) is obtained, where β* increases with the product price (p), but it is not necessarily monotonic in consumers’ sensitivity to rebates (ρ) or the proportion of high-quality products (α). Third, the conditional rebate strategy can only work in a market dominated by low-quality goods. Using the conditional rebate strategy in a market dominated by high-quality goods will not bring benefits to low-quality sellers but will harm their profits. This study proposes that some developing online markets have collusive behaviors owing to a lack of regulations and laws, as well as consumers’ concern for small interests. Ensuring the orderly development of online markets will require joint efforts by platform enterprises, government agencies, and consumers.

Given the rapid development of multi-terminal DC power grids and the treatment of DC faults， a high-voltage hybrid DC circuit breaker based on a generalized H-bridge circuit is proposed. Given the bidirectional current flow of the H-bridge circuit structure， the transfer switch and main disconnecting part are multiplexed in the form of a diode H-bridge， and the common anti-parallel diode is eliminated， so that the required insulated gate bipolar transistors （IGBTs） are reduced dramatically with DC fault clearing capability unchanged. To verify the effectiveness of the hybrid DC circuit breaker based on a generalized H-bridge circuit and its fault isolation method， a four-terminal DC grid test system is built on the PSCAD/EMTDC， and its feasibility is verified by simulation. Moreover， the scheme is compared with other schemes in terms of topology and device cost. The results show that the scheme is very economical.

Abstract Topological photonic crystals, which offer topologically protected and back-scattering-immune transport channels, have recently gained significant attention for both scientific and practical reasons. Although most current studies focus on dielectric materials with weak dispersions, this study focuses on topological phases in dispersive materials and presents a numerical study of Chern insulators in gaseous-phase plasma cylinder cells. We develop a numerical framework to address the complex material dispersion arising from the plasma medium and external magnetic fields and identify Chern insulator phases that are experimentally achievable. Using this numerical tool, we also explain the flat bands commonly observed in periodic plasmonic structures, via local resonances, and how edge states change as the edge termination is periodically modified. This work opens up opportunities for exploring band topology in new materials with non-trivial dispersions and has potential radio frequency (RF) applications, ranging from plasma-based lighting to plasma propulsion engines.

Compared with the composite materials, the functionally graded materials can not only provide better specific stiffness but also reduce the risk of layered damage. Therefore, the graded distribution forms have become the development trend of advanced structures. An efficient finite element (FE) modeling method and numerical simulation of plate and shell with nonlinear temperature gradient coupling are developed based on the FOSD hypothesis for thermo-electro-elastic coupled functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM) integrated with smart structures in this paper. The constitutive model for thermo-electro-elastic coupled FGPM is derived. Assuming that the temperature gradient distribution changes secondarily through the thickness, two nonlinear physical models for temperature change are constructed. Based on the FOSD hypothesis, the multi-field coupled FE equation of plate and shell is derived. The accuracy of the present FE model is verified by the commercial calculation structures. The parametric simulation of FGPM shells is carried out based on the FE model.

Abstract Introduction Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of meningitis, with a case fatality of up to about 50%. Children younger than 5 years are at greater risk for pneumococcal meningitis compared with other populations. It is of significant importance to provide a comprehensive understanding of the burden of pneumococcal meningitis among under-fives in the low pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) coverage period in China. Methods A systematic review was conducted. We searched both English (PubMed, Ovid-EMBASE, Biosis, Web of Science, and Cochrane) and Chinese (CNKI, Wanfang, and ViP) databases for studies on bacterial meningitis in China published between January 1980 and July 2022. Ineligible studies were excluded based on study design and data integrity. Heterogeneity was assessed with I 2 and estimates of bacterial meningitis morbidity and mortality were pooled using random-effects models. Subgroup analysis was conducted to trace the source of the heterogeneity and summarize average estimates. Results A total of 13,082 studies were identified in the literature, and 56 studies were finally included for data analysis. The estimated incidence of pneumococcal meningitis was 2.10 cases per 100,000 children younger than 5 years each year (95% CI: 0.59–7.46), with a pooled case fatality rate of 24.59% (95%CI: 19.35–30.28%) in China. It was estimated that 1617.16 (95% CI: 454.35–5744.78) pneumococcal meningitis cases and 548.86 (95% CI: 474.80–627.62) deaths occurred among under-fives in China in 2020. Streptococcus pneumoniae played an important role in the etiology of confirmed bacterial meningitis cases, with a pooled proportion of 22.05% (95% CI: 17.83–26.27%). The most prevalent serotypes were 6B, 14, 19F, 19A, and 23F, which were preventable with a vaccine. Conclusions Pneumococcal meningitis remains one of the most important health problems among children younger than 5 years in China. Immunization programs should be promoted to avoid preventable cases and deaths.

Planting density is an important factor affecting plant growth and yield formation in rapeseed. However, the understanding of the mechanism underlying the impact of planting density on biomass, canopy, and ultimate seed yield remains limited. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of planting density on seed yield, yield components, biomass accumulation and partitioning, and canopy structure. Five planting density levels were set as D1 (2.4 × 105 plants ha−1), D2 (3.6 × 105 plants ha−1), D3 (5.4 × 105 plants ha−1), D4 (6.0 × 105 plants ha−1), and D5 (7.2 × 105 plants ha−1). The results showed that with planting density increasing from D1 to D3, the seed yield, number of pods in population, and 1000-seed weight increased, while seedling survival rate, yield per plant, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per plant decreased. When planting density increased to D4 and D5, seed yield dramatically decreased due to a decreased number of seeds per pod and 1000-seed weight. Increasing planting density from D1 to D3 increased biomass accumulation in all organs. D3 produced the highest biomass partitioning in seeds. In addition, D2 and D3 treatments had a high level of pod area index (5.3–5.8), which caused an approximately 93% of the light to be intercepted. The distribution of light in D2 and D3 was more evenly spread, with the upper and lower parts of the canopy displaying a distribution ratio of roughly 7:3. Therefore, D2 and D3 produced the highest seed yields. In conclusion, D2 and D3 are recommended in rapeseed production due to their role in improving biomass accumulation and partitioning and canopy structure.

The conservation of agricultural heritage systems (AHSs) has played a pivotal role in fostering the sustainable development of agriculture and safeguarding farmers’ livelihoods and food security worldwide. This significance is particularly evident in the case of tea AHSs, due to the economic and nutritional value of tea products. Taking the Anxi Tieguanyin Tea Culture System (ATTCS) and Fuding White Tea Culture System (FWTCS) in Fujian Province as examples, this study uses statistical analyses and a multinomial logistic regression model to assess and compare farmer livelihood and food security at the tea AHS sites. The main findings are as follows. First, as the tea industries are at different stages of development, compared with agricultural and non-agricultural part-time households, the welfare level of pure agricultural households is lowest in the ATTCS, while welfare is the highest in the FWTCS. Second, factors such as the area of tea gardens and the number of laborers significantly affect farmers’ livelihood strategies transformation from pure agricultural households to agricultural part-time households in the ATTCS and FWTCS. Third, the high commodity rate of tea products, combined with compound cultivation in tea gardens, provides local people with essential sources of income, food, and nutrients, so as to improve food security in the ATTCS and FWTCS. These findings are essential for designing policies to ensure farmers’ livelihoods and food security through AHSs and other sustainable agriculture.

Abstract Background Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is causally linked to impaired host glucose metabolism. We aimed to study effects of the new method of fecal microbiota transplantation, washed microbiota transplantation (WMT), on reducing glycemic variability (GV) in unstable diabetes. Methods Fourteen eligible patients received three allogenic WMTs and were followed up at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Primary outcomes were daily insulin dose, glucose excursions during meal tests, and GV indices calculated from continuous monitoring or self‐monitoring glucose values. Secondary outcomes were multiomics data, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomics, and metabolomics to explore underlying mechanisms. Results Daily insulin dose and glucose excursions markedly dropped, whereas GV indices significantly improved up to 1 month. WMT increased gut microbial alpha diversity, beta diversity, and network complexity. Taxonomic changes featured lower abundance of genera Bacteroides and Escherichia‐Shigella, and higher abundance of genus Prevotella. Metagenomics functional annotations revealed enrichment of distinct microbial metabolic pathways, including methane biosynthesis, citrate cycle, amino acid degradation, and butyrate production. Derived metabolites correlated significantly with improved GV indices. WMT did not change circulating inflammatory cytokines, enteroendocrine hormones, or C‐peptide. Conclusions WMT showed strong ameliorating effect on GV, raising the possibility of targeting gut microbiota as an effective regimen to reduce GV in diabetes.

Leveraging artificial intelligence (AI), this study revolutionizes examination management and education in universities by developing an intelligent system encompassing comprehensive management, pre-examination activities, scheduling, and preparation. The system also features a quality management component for educational outcomes. An enhanced genetic algorithm introduces an adaptation function to optimize intelligent grouping, facilitating effective exam paper distribution. Applied at Y University, our innovative approach significantly refines exam paper difficulty (ranging between 0.5016 and 0.5581) and differentiation (0.3845 to 0.4596), showcasing the intelligent algorithm’s effectiveness in exam management and contributing valuable insights to educational research.

Objectives To depict the seasonality and age variations of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) incidence in the context of the COVID-19 impact.Design Retrospective cohort study.Participants The observational cohort study was conducted at Soochow University Affiliated Children’s Hospital from January 2017 to June 2021 and involved 132 797 children born in 2017 or 2018. They were followed and identified CAP episodes by screening on the Health Information Systems of outpatients and inpatients in the same hospital.Outcome The CAP episodes were defined when the diagnoses coded as J09–J18 or J20–J22. The incidence of CAP was estimated stratified by age, sex, birth year, health status group, season and month, and the rate ratio was calculated and adjusted by a quasi-Poisson regression model. Stratified analysis of incidence of CAP by birth month was conducted to understand the age and seasonal variation.Results The overall incidence of CAP among children aged ≤5 years was 130.08 per 1000 person years. Children aged ≤24 months have a higher CAP incidence than those aged >24 months (176.84 vs 72.04 per 1000 person years, p

In the teaching platform, providing students with personalized learning solutions by tracking their learning status is the current trend in the development and research of digital intelligence teaching. In this paper, a Bayesian knowledge tracking model based on multiple interactions is used to construct a knowledge point tracking module, and students’ learning behaviors and memory forgetting factors are simultaneously integrated into the IBKT model to construct the PRL-PLP algorithm, and then a Bayesian knowledge tracking model integrating the behaviors and previous factors is obtained, and real-time prediction of students’ mastery is realized using the extended model. Putting the platform into use, it was observed that the total number of student logins to the platform in two days was 680, with an average of 340 logins per day. After using this educational platform for half a month, the students of class A showed an overall improvement in their English test scores compared to their scores before using the platform, with the number of students scoring less than 60 narrowing down from 5 to 0, and an increase of 5 students between the subsections of 91-100, and an increase in the subsections of 81-90, also from 26 to 43 students. By using the IBKT model in the online teaching platform, teachers and students can receive timely feedback on prediction results, teaching efficiency can be improved, and personalized learning guidance can be provided to students.

The combination of Internet technology and education will continue to promote the change of the traditional education model, and will inevitably have a far-reaching impact on the reform of the education field. The wisdom classroom vector model is used to establish a secondary school classroom for ideological and political wisdom in this paper. In the smart classroom, students can recognize facial expressions by using GAN and tripartite consistency loss function. The ANM-CFM action recognition model is formed by the combination of the adaptive normalization module and covariance matrix fusion. For the effectiveness of the intelligent classroom of secondary school ideology and politics proposed in this paper with the related classroom behavior intelligent recognition method, the validation is carried out using example data. The results show that the first 200 frames in the smart classroom are dominated by the teacher’s lecture, and the students’ hand-raising interaction moments are mainly distributed between 200 and 400 frames. At the end of the teaching experiment, the classroom engagement level of the students in the experimental class was 9.037±0.532 points, the thinking level score of the experimental class exceeded 0.5 points compared with that of the control class, and the student’s satisfaction scores for the learning environment of the smart classroom were all over 2.4 points. The adoption of smart classrooms in the background of the Internet can realize the innovative reform of secondary school ideological and political classroom teaching and provide a new guarantee for improving the level of students’ thinking literacy.

Purpose: Following social information processing (SIP) theory, this study enriches existing research on emotional culture and innovative behaviour by introducing the chain mediating role of perspective-taking and knowledge-sharing intentions and the moderating role of Confucian work values. Design/methodology/approach: We conducted a quantitative study using four-stage paired survey data. Data were collected from 392 employees and their corresponding supervisors in three Chinese manufacturing companies in November 2022. We chose these participants due to the significance of innovative behaviour in their roles. The surveys were anonymous and self-administered. We used SPSS20.2 and MPLUS 8.3 software to analyse the data and test our hypotheses. Findings/results: The data analysis results indicated that: (1) the companionate love culture had a positive effect on innovative behaviour, (2) perspective-taking and knowledge-sharing intentions mediated the positive impact of the companionate love culture on innovative behaviour, and (3) Confucian work values moderated the chain mediation path by weakening the positive impact of the companionate love culture on perspective-taking. Practical implications: To promote innovative behaviour in employees, a company could continuously manage the organisational companionate love culture. Originality/value: Drawing on the SIP theory, this paper developed a model clarifying how and when love can fuel innovation in the workplace. It’s interesting that employees with lower Confucian work values may benefit more from a companionate love culture, as they might need more external motivation to engage in perspective-taking and knowledge sharing.

The traditional strategic performance management of cigarette enterprises is not sufficiently comprehensive and objective. This paper constructs a big data model of cigarette production and sales by collecting production and operation data, using the primary sliding average method of time series analysis to forecast the short-term sales of cigarettes, and combining it with the coefficient of the dynamic sales ratio. The operational big data is applied to strategic performance management under the balanced scorecard, and the performance management index system is constructed with strategic orientation in mind. Based on the production and sales data of Cigarette Factory S, the weights of the indicators are determined and applied to the empirical study. The scores of the indicators of finance, customer, internal operation learning and growth of Cigarette Factory S are 78.14, 82.29, 87.07 and 81.68, respectively. The performance management system of the Cigarette Factory under the strategic orientation is feasible.

This paper proposes an automatic grammar error correction model based on an encoder-decoder structure, which is combined with a new business English teaching model that can improve the teaching quality of teachers and enable students to get feedback quickly. The model employs a dual encoder structure and extracts source sentence information through an encoder that is based on the attention mechanism. Meanwhile, a fluency-based data augmentation method is also proposed in order to be able to select sentences with different fluency levels based on the fluency ratio between the target sentence and the source sentence. Finally, a Passive-Aggressive algorithm for candidate word selection has been designed, which can avoid generating repetitive and short-biased English sentences. It has been verified that the total grade of the class that incorporates this paper’s model in business English teaching has increased by 9.3 points on average, with the most obvious improvement in business writing by 3 points, followed by translation by 2.8 points. The proposed teaching model in this paper can enhance students’ comprehensive use of business English.

Abstract Direct visualization of surface chemical dynamics in solution is essential for understanding the mechanisms involved in nanocatalysis and electrochemistry; however, it is challenging to achieve high spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we present an azimuth-modulated plasmonic imaging technique capable of imaging dynamic interfacial changes. The method avoids strong interference from reflected light and consequently eliminates the parabolic-like interferometric patterns in the images, allowing for a 67-fold increase in the spatial resolution of plasmonic imaging. We demonstrate that this optical imaging approach enables comprehensive analyses of surface chemical dynamics and identification of previously unknown surface reaction heterogeneity by investigating electrochemical redox reactions over single silver nanowires as an example. This work provides a general strategy for high-resolution plasmonic imaging of surface electrochemical dynamics and other interfacial chemical reactions, complementing existing surface characterization methods.

Salt stress is one of the major adverse factors affecting plant growth and crop production. Rapeseed is an important oil crop, providing high-quality edible oil for human consumption. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of salt stress on the phenotypic traits and physiological processes of rapeseed. The soil salinity was manipulated by setting three different levels: 0 g NaCl kg−1 soil (referred to as S0), 1.5 g NaCl kg−1 soil (referred to as S1), and 3.0 g NaCl kg−1 soil (referred to as S2). In general, the results indicated that the plant height, leaf area, and root neck diameter decreased with an increase in soil salinity. In addition, the biomass of various organs at all growth stages decreased as soil salinity increased from S0 to S2. The increasing soil salinity improved the distribution of biomass in the root and leaf at the seedling and flowering stages, indicating that rapeseed plants subjected to salt stress during the vegetative stage are capable of adapting their growth pattern to sustain their capacity for nutrient and water uptake, as well as leaf photosynthesis. However, as the soil salinity increased, there was a decrease in the distribution of biomass in the pod and seed at the maturity stage, while an increase was observed in the root and stem, suggesting that salt stress inhibited carbohydrate transport into reproductive organs. Moreover, the C and N accumulation at the flowering and maturity stages exhibited a reduction in direct correlation with the increase in soil salinity. High soil salinity resulted in a reduction in the C/N, indicating that salt stress exerted a greater adverse effect on C assimilation compared to N assimilation, leading to an increase in seed protein content and a decrease in oil content. Furthermore, as soil salinity increased from S0 to S2, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the content of soluble protein and sugar increased by 58.39%, 33.38%, 15.57%, and 13.88% at the seedling stage, and 38.69%, 22.85%, 12.04%, and 8.26% at the flowering stage, respectively. In summary, this study revealed that salt stress inhibited C and N assimilation, leading to a suppressed phenotype and biomass accumulation. The imbalanced C and N assimilation under salt stress contributed to the alterations in the seed oil and protein content. Rapeseed had a certain degree of salt tolerance by improving antioxidants and osmolytes.

The degree of forage lignification is a key factor affecting its digestibility by ruminants such as cattle and sheep. Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense S.) is a high-quality sorghum forage, and its lignocellulose is mostly stored in the secondary cell wall. However, the secondary cell wall synthesis mechanism of Sudan grass has not yet been studied in depth. To further study the secondary cell wall synthesis mechanism of Sudan grass using established transcriptome data, this study found that CcNAC6, a homologous gene of Arabidopsis AtSND2, is related to the secondary cell wall synthesis of Sudan grass. Accordingly, we constructed a CcNAC6-overexpressing line of Arabidopsis to investigate the function of the CcNAC6 gene in secondary cell wall synthesis. The results showed that the overexpression of the CcNAC6 gene could significantly increase the lignin content of Arabidopsis. Based on subcellular localization analysis, CcNAC6 is found in the nucleus. In addition, yeast two-hybridization screening showed that CcCP1, associated with secondary cell wall synthesis, can interact with CcNAC6. Therefore, the above results indicate that CcNAC6 has a positive regulatory effect on the secondary cell wall synthesis of Sudan grass, and it is speculated that CcNAC6 may be the main regulator of the secondary cell wall synthesis of Sudan grass through its interaction with another regulatory protein, CcCP1. This study provides a theoretical basis and new genetic resources for the creation of new Sudan grass germplasm with a low lignin content.

Abstract This paper focuses on the global prespecifiable fixed‐time control problem of uncertain strict‐feedback nonlinear system with input quantization. In contrast to the existing fixed‐time control results, the signs of the control gains can be unknown in our paper. Unlike the traditional fixed‐time control schemes, some exponential functions are added into the virtual controllers to accelerate the convergence rate. Besides, some dynamic switching functions are also introduced to compensate the unknown control signs. Based on the novel regulate law, the switching functions can be regulated online to ensure the fixed‐time stability for the considered system. Furthermore, the settling time can be easily adjusted by selecting the controller parameters. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

Quantitative assessment of liver function reserve is crucial for preoperative evaluation of patients with liver diseases. The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for quantitative assessment of liver function reserve has been limited by technical challenges for a long time; recently, MRI has developed and improved in various aspects, such as imaging methods, contrast agents, quantitative parameters, etc., leading to new techniques and applications for liver function quantification. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) can measure the biomechanical properties of liver tissue, and provide information on liver microstructure and function based on parameters such as vibration wave propagation speed in the liver; hepatobiliary-specific contrast-enhanced MRI can visualize the hepatocyte uptake and biliary excretion of contrast agent, thus revealing the functional distribution of the liver; T1ρ and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can capture the local microenvironment features such as macromolecular components and water diffusion, and quantify liver function using these characteristics. Moreover, the latest technological advances such as three-dimensional shear wave elastography (3D-SWE) and hepatobiliary-specific contrast-enhanced MRI combined with T1 mapping quantification have further enhanced the performance of these examinations in liver function quantification. Compared with the commonly used clinical methods for liver function assessment, such as biochemical indicators, Child-Pugh score and indocyanine green test, the advantage of imaging techniques is that they can offer spatial distribution information of liver function reserve that is not available from clinical methods, providing new tools for preoperative evaluation of liver function reserve. This is expected to bridge the gap of current clinical examinations, assist in preoperative planning of liver surgery, and has promising development prospects.

Objective To explore the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) and xenon (Xe) modified university of Wisconsin solution (UW solution) in a pig model of lung donation after cardiac death (DCD). Methods Four healthy male mini-musk pigs aged 4-6 months, weighing 13-17 kg, were subjected to cardiac arrest by cis-atracurium infusion and cessation of oxygen supply. After 1 h of warm ischemia (WI), the lungs were harvested and cut into thin slices. Some of the slices served as WI group, while the other slices were preserved in N2/DEX/Xe added 4 types of UW solutions at 4 ℃ for 24 h of cold ischemia (CI). These slices were divided into WI+CI+N2 group, WI+CI+DEX group, WI+CI +DEX +30% Xe group, and WI+CI+DEX+50% Xe group. The above 5 group of tissue slices were stained with HE for pathological score. Apoptosis of pulmonary cells were detected by TUNEL. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of cleaved Caspase-3 and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). The expression of GPX4 and high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) were assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Results Compared with the WI group, the histology of other groups showed no significant damage to alveolar structures. Pulmonary edema and inflammatory cell infiltration were not obvious. The injury score of lung had no significant change in lung tissues of all groups (P>0.05). Compared with the WI group, the number of TUNEL-positive cells and the protein level of cleaved Caspase-3 were increased in the WI+CI+N2 group (P < 0.05). However, the protein level of GPX4 had no significant change in lung tissues of all groups. Compared with the WI group, the protein level of HMGB1 was elevated in the WI+CI+N2 group (P < 0.05). Compared with the WI+CI+N2 group, the number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly reduced in the WI+CI+DEX group, WI+CI+DEX+30%Xe group and WI+CI+DEX+50%Xe group (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively). The protein level of HMGB1 was significantly reduced in the WI+CI+DEX+30%Xe group (P < 0.01). Conclusion The UW solution added with DEX alone or in combination with Xe can provide better cell protection on swine DCD lung through inhibiting cell apoptosis, down-regulating expression and restraining cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1.

IntroductionInterdisciplinary science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) courses are a popular trend in international education than can help inculcate creativity in students. Although STEAM courses have been widely promoted in China, they are generally unsustainable because they are merely imitations of European and American courses and lack Chinese humanistic factors; a close integration between disciplinary ideas and thinking levels is also lacking. C-STEAM, which is designed to pass down China’s culture, is a form of STEAM education with local Chinese characteristics that are focused on integrating interdisciplinary knowledge with the thought process oriented toward cultural heritage.MethodsIn this study, an innovative higher vocational college course with C-STEAM interdisciplinary principles was constructed, with art and design as the framework, and with the integration of Chinese local culture. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to sample 12 learners from a total of 90 students in the experimental class of the C-STEAM course. The study aimed to provide a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of taking a Packaging Design course combined with C-STEAM from multiple perspectives. After the interviews, based on the BAO model, coding statistics and thematic analysis were conducted to understand the learners’ beliefs, actions, and outcomes after taking the course, and their plans for acquiring C-STEAM interdisciplinary knowledge and learning Chinese local culture.ResultsThe integration of the Shangshan culture (上山文化) into the Packaging Design course proved the importance and significance of adding C-STEAM to the art design course, which helped us understand the specific feelings of students after completing the course and gain a deeper understanding of the changes in their knowledge and skills and their learning effects.DiscussionIntegrating C-STEAM education into courses related to art and design is highly warranted to encourage students to apply their interdisciplinary knowledge to artistic exploration and creation. Moreover, to effectively develop a curriculum system with local characteristics, teachers should provide more opportunities for students to explore and learn C-STEAM in the future, and integrate multiple elements into their teaching. In general, a cultural perspective-based interdisciplinary education helps facilitate the creative transformation of traditional Chinese culture.

ABSTRACTBispecific antibodies represent an increasingly large fraction of biologics in therapeutic development due to their expanded scope in functional capabilities. Asymmetric monovalent bispecific IgGs (bsIgGs) have the additional advantage of maintaining a native antibody-like structure, which can provide favorable pharmacology and pharmacokinetic profiles. The production of correctly assembled asymmetric monovalent bsIgGs, however, is a complex engineering endeavor due to the propensity for non-cognate heavy and light chains to mis-pair. Previously, we introduced the DuetMab platform as a general solution for the production of bsIgGs, which utilizes an engineered interchain disulfide bond in one of the CH1-CL domains to promote orthogonal chain pairing between heavy and light chains. While highly effective in promoting cognate heavy and light chain pairing, residual chain mispairing could be detected for specific combinations of Fv pairs. Here, we present enhancements to the DuetMab design that improve chain pairing and production through the introduction of novel electrostatic steering mutations at the CH1-CL interface with lambda light chains (CH1-Cλ). These mutations work together with previously established charge-pair mutations at the CH1-CL interface with kappa light chains (CH1-Cκ) and Fab disulfide engineering to promote cognate heavy and light chain pairing and enable the reliable production of bsIgGs. Importantly, these enhanced DuetMabs do not require engineering of the variable domains and are robust when applied to a panel of bsIgGs with diverse Fv sequences. We present a comprehensive biochemical, biophysical, and functional characterization of the resulting DuetMabs to demonstrate compatibility with industrial production benchmarks. Overall, this enhanced DuetMab platform substantially streamlines process development of these disruptive biotherapeutics.

Objective To construct a marginal donor model of porcine donation after cardiac death (DCD), and evaluate the pathological alteration of DCD donor kidneys. Methods Seven male mini pigs (4~6 months old, 13~17 kg) were divided into standard donor control group (C group, n=3) and DCD group (n=4). After intramuscular injection with phenobarbital sodium, their auricular vein channels were established, then propofol and sufentanil were injected to enhance the anesthetic induction while blood pressure, electrocardiogram and oxygen saturation (SaO2) were monitored at the same time. Group C received mechanical ventilation after endotracheal intubation, and maintained anesthesia with propofol, remifentanil and cisatracurium, and the kidneys were harvested under laparotomy. In the DCD group, 300 IU/kg heparin was injected intravenously for anticoagulation, followed by single bolus venous injection with 600 mg propofol and 10 mg cisatricurium to induce cardiac and respiratory arrest, and finally, the kidneys were harvested in 30 min after cardiac arrest. The kidneys in both groups were cut into small tissues, which were further fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin wax and stained with HE for the pathological assessment and tissue damage scores under a optical microscope. Results The mean time for SaO2 to decline to 80% was 3.25±1.89 min and the mean time for cardiac arrest was 7.75±3.10 min in the 4 pigs of DCD group after injection with overdose of anesthetics. Compared with the C group, the renal tubular injury score of DCD marginal donor kidney after suffering from warm ischemia for 30 min, was higher (P < 0.05), and the mean score of glomerular injury was increased through no statistical difference. Conclusion Intravenous injection of excessive propofol and cisatracurium can effectively establish a porcine DCD marginal donor model.

Objective To explore the medication for lung cancer treatment at Hubei Cancer Hospital. Methods The electronic cases of 3 234 hospitalized lung cancer patients in Hubei Cancer Hospital were collected. The medication of the Peiyuan Guben method in treating lung cancer was analyzed with cluster and association analyses by the Apriori association rule algorithm in IBM SPSS modeler 18.0 and Qihuang data AI workstation software system. Results In the 11 293 pieces of traditional Chinese medicine used in 3 234 patients with lung cancer, the core prescription of 16 core drugs were Astragalus, Coix seed, Poria, Coke hawthorn, Ligustrum lucidum, Wolfberry, Bran fried atractylodes, Mushroom stem, Bran fried citrus husk, Bittersweet herb, Centipede, Rhodiola, Semiaquilegia adoxoides, Seaweed, Prunella and Pseudobulbus cremastrae seu pleiones. Conclusion "Peiyuan Guben" is an effective method of traditional Chinese medicine in treating lung cancer. Traditional Chinese medicine with the effects of Yiqi Jianpi and Bushen Yijing has an evident curative effect in treating lung cancer and can improve patients' quality of life.

The polyurea elastomer (PUA) powder modifier was prepared by the method of spraying–initial crushing–fine grinding, and then, the PUA-modified asphalt was produced. The typical functional structure of PUA was identified and characterized. The apparent viscosity of PUA-modified asphalt was tested at different temperatures. The impact of particle size and content of PUA on creep and recovery properties of asphalt at high temperature was investigated through the multiple stress creep recovery test. The mesothermal fatigue behavior of PUA-modified asphalt was evaluated by means of time sweep and linear amplitude sweep. Results indicated that the high elastic properties of PUA materials might depend on the spherical structure inside PUA material. The diameter of functional structure was around 20 µm and presented as 3D ball structure. The increase in PUA particle size would lead to the increase in cracks and folds in the bonding surface PUA modifier could improve by about 50% of the apparent viscosity significantly. Furthermore, PUA modifier could promote the high-temperature rutting resistance and middle-temperature fatigue property of asphalt. The improving effect on R could reach almost 28% and the 0.075 mm could be the best application size of PUA.

Abstract The energy exchange between series and shunt converters is the basis for the powerful functioning of the unified distributed power flow controller, which can be realized through the 3rd harmonic current. In this paper, based on the established 3rd harmonic equivalent network of unified distributed power flow controller power system, the influence of the additional loss caused by the 3rd harmonic current on the line transmission capacity is analysed. The mathematical relationship between the neutral point voltage of the transformer and the 3rd harmonic current is constructed, and it is simplified according to the different 3rd harmonic currents. By analysing the power relationship of the 3rd harmonic equivalent network, it is found that there is a contradiction between improving the 3rd harmonic output efficiency of the shunt single‐phase converter and reducing the neutral point insulation voltage of the transformer. The constraint conditions of the 3rd harmonic current are simulated by the advanced digital power system simulator. Finally, the method of obtaining the economical and safe 3rd harmonic current value range is summarized, which provides a theoretical basis and reference for the device parameter design.

With the popularisation of education, the number of college students is increasing day by day, and there are also more students with psychological health problems. Whether students’ psychological abnormalities can be detected in time is one of the main problems faced by colleges and universities at present. Adopting digital technology to mine, collect and analyse the data generated by psychological health education in colleges can effectively solve the dynamic development of students’ psychological health problems. Therefore, in this paper, the psychological health problems of college students are identified and classified by establishing an improved logistic regression model. The behaviour characteristics are quantified and the differences are combined according to students’ relationships with their classmates, life rules and economic conditions. The test results show that the regression effect of the model is excellent, which can identify college students’ psychological health problems and improve the intervention and treatment of educators on students’ psychological problems.

As crucial equipment for multi-voltage DC interconnection， high-capacity high-voltage DC/DC converters can be used for voltage conversion and DC fault isolation. The DC/DC autotransformer capable of blocking DC faults and reducing their reliance on DC circuit breakers can significantly reduce construction costs. To this end， a DC/DC autotransformer topology with half-bridge modular multilevel converters （HB-MMCs） connected in series is proposed. The fault response after a DC bipolar short-circuit fault on each side of the DC/DC autotransformer is analyzed under two operating conditions： forward power feeding and reverse power feeding. A corresponding fault isolation strategy is proposed. Simulations are performed on the PSCAD/EMTDC platform for the bipolar short-circuit faults under different operating conditions. The simulation results show that the proposed autotransformer can block DC faults in two directions. In contrast to other types of DC/DC autotransformers， the proposed autotransformer is economical.

Abstract Background Progestins can suppress endogenous luteinising hormone (LH) secretion from the pituitary gland and have shown similar efficacy in terms of collecting competent oocytes and embryos; however, some inconsistencies have been proposed regarding the quality of embryos collected with the use of progestins. This study aimed to evaluate euploidy rates and pregnancy outcomes in preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) cycles using the progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) protocol versus the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist/antagonist protocol. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 608 PGT-A cycles: 146 women in the PPOS group, 160 women in the GnRH agonist group, and 302 women in the GnRH antagonist group. This study was performed at the in vitro fertilisation (IVF) centre of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital between January 2019 and December 2021. Additionally, 267 corresponding first frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles were analysed to assess pregnancy outcomes. Results The euploid blastocyst rate per injected metaphase II(MII) oocytes (14.60% vs. 14.09% vs. 13.94%) was comparable among the three groups (p > 0.05). No significant differences were observed among the three groups regarding pregnancy outcomes, including biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, implantation, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, and live birth rates per transfer in the first FET cycles (p > 0.05). Conclusions The PPOS protocol had no negative effect on euploid blastocyst formation, and the pregnancy outcomes in FET cycles using the PPOS protocol were similar to those of the GnRH agonist and antagonist protocols. Trial registration This trial was retrospectively registered

Self-luminous magnesium phosphate cement is a new material that combines long-afterglow luminescent material with magnesium phosphate cement. This paper studies the performance of self-luminous magnesium phosphate cement material through experiments, so as to expand the applicability of this material to exterior walls of buildings in a cold climate. The experiment indicates that the Self-luminous magnesium phosphate cement has excellent corrosion resistance, impermeability, and salt-freeze resistance in a cold climate. It can be used as a new kind of beautiful, energy-saving and environment-friendly exterior wall paving material.

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a popular modality to create additional contrast in fluorescence images. By carefully analyzing pixel-based nanosecond lifetime patterns, FLIM allows studying complex molecular populations. At the single-molecule or single-particle level, however, image series often suffer from low signal intensities per pixel, rendering it difficult to quantitatively disentangle different lifetime species, such as during Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis in the presence of a significant donor-only fraction. In this article we investigate whether an object localization strategy and the phasor approach to FLIM have beneficial effects when carrying out FRET analyses of single particles. Using simulations, we first showed that an average of ∼300 photons, spread over the different pixels encompassing single fluorescing particles and without background, is enough to determine a correct phasor signature (SD

IntroductionTeleoperation is an essential component in fields such as medicine and manufacturing, enabling human operators to interact with remote robotic systems. A wearable device has been designed and manufactured to enhance sensitivity, wearability, and synchronization, providing users with the ability to experience the sensation of grasping virtual objects.MethodsThe device incorporates a 2-DoF robotic arm, haptic sensors for finger gestures, and a Unity-powered virtual scene system. Its effectiveness was evaluated through user experiments, where participants were asked to rank the weights of three virtual balls and identify the direction of force applied to a virtual ball in separate tests. Additionally, the device's ability to render various shapes was also examined.ResultsThe experiments showed that 73.3% of participants accurately ranked the balls by mass, and an overall correctness rate of 87.3% was achieved for force direction identification. For shape rendering, the device yielded more accurate results for simple objects like spheres, whereas rendering more complex objects such as cups and cones was challenging.DiscussionThe findings indicate that this wearable device has potential applications in haptic feedback and virtual reality contexts. Despite the challenges with complex shape rendering, the device shows promising capability in enhancing the user's immersive experience in virtual environments.

The output allocation control strategies of DPFC （distributed power flow controller） for multiple subunits now generally use the equalization method and the capacity proportion method， which， however， fail to avert low overall utilization and high losses of the device when the controlled line regulation is small. Based on the topology of DPFC， the output power loss and the operating loss of subunits are analyzed. In respect of the output voltage and capacity of the subunits， the paper proposes a coordinated output power and control strategy for multiple subunits of DPFC taking into account the total loss of DPFC， utilization ratio of subunits， and related constraints in terms of device output voltage and capacity. Furthermore， a simulation model of the typical 110 kV systems， including ten groups of subunits with different capacities， is constructed using PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed coordinated output power and control strategy.