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The pathogenesis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) remains unclear; however, emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial injury plays a significant role. This review aims to elucidate the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in SONFH and explore potential therapeutic targets. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Elsevier ScienceDirect, focusing on mitochondrial homeostasis, including mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, and oxidative stress in SONFH. Ultimately, we included and analyzed a total of 16 studies. Glucocorticoids initially promote but later inhibit mitochondrial biogenesis in osteoblasts, leading to excessive ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction. This dysfunction impairs osteoblast survival and bone formation, contributing to SONFH progression. Key proteins such as mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC1α) are potential therapeutic targets for promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and reducing ROS-induced damage. Enhancing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress in osteoblasts may prevent or slow the progression of SONFH. Future research should focus on developing these strategies.

Purpose: Although magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is widely used as an analgesic adjuvant to peripheral analgesic cocktails, its efficacy in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is still controversial. Therefore, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the literature to assess the analgesic efficacy of MgSO4 as an adjuvant to the analgesic cocktail in TKA. Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. The meta-analysis was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Data were qualitatively synthesized or meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. Results: Five randomized controlled trials involving 432 patients were included. Meta-analyses detected significant differences between the MgSO4 and control groups in the visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores (rest) at 6, 12, and 24 h postoperatively; VAS pain scores (motion) at 12, 24, and 48 h postoperatively; morphine consumption within 24 h, 24–48 h, and during the total hospitalization period; time to first rescue analgesia after TKA; and length of hospital stay. Regarding the functional recovery, the meta-analysis demonstrated significant differences between groups in terms of knee range of motion on postoperative day 1; daily mobilization distance on postoperative day 1; and daily mobilization distance. There was no significant intergroup difference in surgical complications. Conclusion: The findings suggest that MgSO4 is a promising adjunct to the analgesic cocktail, achieving significant improvements in pain scores and total opioid consumption during the early postoperative period after TKA.

Objective To construct a new type of glucosamine/DNA composite nanostructure (NTGlcN) assembled without magnesium, verify whether or not glucosamine can mediate the assembly of DNA nanotubes (NT) and assess its effect on the function of Raw264.7 cells. Methods Utilizing the gradient annealing method with 3 DNA single strands Y1, Y2, and Y3, glucosamine (GlcN) was employed to mediate the assembly of DNA NT, resulting in the formation of glucosamine/DNA composite nanostructures. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to observe the surface structure of the nanomaterial and dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to measure its size. RAW264.7 cells were used in cell experiments. The cytotoxicity of GlcN and NTGlcN was assessed using CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry and laser confocal microscopy were employed to investigate the cellular uptake efficiency of the nanostructures. The effects of NTGlcN and NTMg (Mg2+-assembled of DNA NT) on the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) in macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were evaluated using RT-qPCR. Results GlcN successfully mediated the synthesis of NTGlcN, which exhibited good stability. AFM characterization results revealed that NTGlcN formed tubular particles that were uniformly distributed on the surface of mica. DLS measurements indicated that the diameter of NTGlcN was approximately 15.26±3.86 nm. Cell experiments demonstrated that, compared to NTMg, macrophages exhibited a higher cellular uptake efficiency for NTGlcN, with a higher cell survival rate following treatment with NTGlcN (P < 0.05). After NTGlcN treatment, the expression of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced macrophages was reduced (P < 0.05). Conclusion The glucosamine/DNA composite nanostructures have been successfully developed, possessing excellent stability, biocompatibility and cell uptake efficiency. NTGlcN is capable of reducing the cytotoxicity of GlcN and can suppress cellular inflammatory responses by decreasing the expression of inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells.

[Objective] β-Sitosterol-modified ginsenoside Rb1 liposomes （β-Rb1-Lip） were prepared to reduce the degradation of Rb1 and enhance the lipid-lowering effects of ginsenoside Rb1. [Methods] β-sitosterol-modified ginsenoside Rb1 liposomes were prepared by the thin-film hydration method. The biosafety of the liposomes was assessed using the MTT assay. The inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by β-Rb1-Lip was investigated using Oil Red O staining and triglyceride （TG） content measurement with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. [Results] The prepared β-Rb1-Lip liposomes had an encapsulation efficiency of 83.74% and an average particle size of 198 nm. The release rate of Rb1 from β-Rb1-Lip was about 80% within 12 hours, demonstrating a good sustained-release effect. Regarding lipid-lowering activity, β-Rb1-Lip at 50 μmol/L showed a significant inhibitory rate of intracellular lipid droplets. Compared to the same concentration of Rb1 monomer, β-Rb1-Lip had a more significant inhibitory effect on the accumulation of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells and did not exhibit cytotoxicity. [Conclusion] β-Rb1-Lip has high encapsulation efficiency, small particle size, and obvious sustained-release characteristics. It can continuously release the active component ginsenoside Rb1, enhance its lipid-lowering efficacy, and reduce the dosage, providing support for the development of Rb1 lipid-lowering products.

As a spatial coordinate sensor, the touch-trigger on-machine probe is a key equipment in manufacturing that ensures machining quality, and it has played an important role in five-axis flank milling. However, in flank milling, the utilization of the deviation as a conventional indicator for quality assessment of the machining performance is incomprehensive without considering the characteristics of the machining method. In this paper, the error mutual moment is introduced as an indicator to assess the capability for dynamic machining performance of the machine tool in flank milling based on the spatial coordinate information of the touch-trigger on-machine probe considering the characteristic of the error distribution of the flank milling. Experiments are carried out to validate the advantages of the error mutual moment to assess the capability for dynamic machining performance compared with the deviation. Results show that the error mutual moment shows more significant discrepancies than the deviation in assessing the capability for dynamic machining performance of flank milling. The error mutual moment has the potential to be applied as a quality assessment sensor.

BackgroundCannabis use may be increasing as countries legalize it and it becomes socially acceptable. A history of cannabis use may increase risk of complications after various kinds of surgery and compromise functional recovery. Here we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed available evidence on how history of cannabis use affects recovery after hip or knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA).MethodsThe PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched and studies were selected and analyzed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, while quality of evidence was evaluated according to the “Grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation” system. Data on various outcomes were pooled when appropriate and meta-analyzed.ResultsThe systematic review included 16 cohort studies involving 5.91 million patients. Meta-analysis linked history of cannabis use to higher risk of the following outcomes: revision (RR 1.68, 95% CI 1.31–2.16), mechanical loosening (RR 1.77, 95% CI 1.52–2.07), periprosthetic fracture (RR 1.85, 95% CI 1.38–2.48), dislocation (RR 2.10, 95% CI 1.18–3.73), cardiovascular events (RR 2.49, 95% CI 1.22–5.08), cerebrovascular events (RR 3.15, 95% CI 2.54–3.91), pneumonia (RR 3.97, 95% CI 3.49–4.51), respiratory failure (RR 4.10, 95% CI 3.38–4.97), urinary tract infection (RR 2.46, 95% CI 1.84–3.28), acute kidney injury (RR 3.25, 95% CI 2.94–3.60), venous thromboembolism (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.34–1.63), and deep vein thrombosis (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.19–1.70). In addition, cannabis use was associated with significantly greater risk of postoperative transfusion (RR 2.23, 95% CI 1.83–2.71) as well as higher hospitalization costs.ConclusionHistory of cannabis use significantly increases the risk of numerous complications and transfusion after THA or TKA, leading to greater healthcare costs. Clinicians should consider these factors when treating cannabis users, and pre-surgical protocols should give special consideration to patients with history of cannbis use.

Abstract The Myodural Bridge (MDB) is a physiological structure that is highly conserved in mammals and many of other tetrapods. It connects the suboccipital muscles to the cervical spinal dura mater (SDM) and transmits the tensile forces generated by the suboccipital muscles to the SDM. Consequently, the MDB has broader physiological potentials than just fixing the SDM. It has been proposed that MDB significantly contributes to the dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) movements. Animal models of suboccipital muscle atrophy and hyperplasia were established utilizing local injection of BTX-A and ACE-031. In contrast, animal models with surgical severance of suboccipital muscles, and without any surgical operation were set as two types of negative control groups. CSF secretion and reabsorption rates were then measured for subsequent analysis. Our findings demonstrated a significant increase in CSF secretion rate in rats with the hyperplasia model, while there was a significant decrease in rats with the atrophy and severance groups. We observed an increase in CSF reabsorption rate in both the atrophy and hyperplasia groups, but no significant change was observed in the severance group. Additionally, our immunohistochemistry results revealed no significant change in the protein level of six selected choroid plexus-CSF-related proteins among all these groups. Therefore, it was indicated that alteration of MDB-transmitted tensile force resulted in changes of CSF secretion and reabsorption rates, suggesting the potential role that MDB may play during CSF circulation. This provides a unique research insight into CSF dynamics.

With the rapid development of information and communication technology， the power system has developed into a cyber physical system （CPS） in which the information system and the physical system are deeply coupled. The constant interplay between data flow and power flow exposes power grid to potential cyber attack risks. The phasor measurement unit （PMU） is taken as the attack and defense target in power system， and a multi-stage low-cost false data injection attack （FDIA） model is presented. Firstly， false data are generated to determine the optimal configuration of PMUs， optimize the attack range and quantify the attack consequences. Secondly， the Nash equilibrium is solved based on the two-player zero-sum game theory to obtain the optimal attack and defense strategies of the game model. Finally， the simulation is performed on an IEEE 30-node system， and the multi-phase low-cost attack is implemented in different attack scenarios based on the results of the single-phase game. The research findings show that the attack cost spent on the low-cost line is significantly low and affects the stable operation of the power system， which verifies the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed multi-stage attack model.

The effective recovery of water level is a crucial measure of the success of comprehensive groundwater over-exploitation management actions in North China. However, traditional evaluation method do not directly capture the relationship between mining and other equilibrium elements. This study presents an innovative evaluation method to assess the water level recovery resulting from mining reduction based on the relationship between variation in exploitation and recharge. Firstly, the recharge variability of source and sink terms for both the base year and evaluation year is calculated and the coefficient of recharge variation β is introduced, which is then used to calculate the effective mining reduction and solve the water level recovery value caused by the effective mining reduction, and finally the water level recovery contribution by mining reduction is calculated by combining with the actual volume of mining reduction in the evaluation area. This research focuses on Baoding and Shijiazhuang Plain area, which share similar hydrogeological conditions but vary in groundwater exploitation and utilization. As the effect of groundwater level recovery with mining reduction was evaluated in these two areas as case study. In 2018, the results showed an effective water level recovery of 0.17 m and 0.13 m in the shallow groundwater of Shijiazhuang and Baoding Plain areas, respectively. The contributions of recovery from mining reduction were 76% and 57.98% for these two areas, respectively. It was notable that the water level recovery was most prominent in the foothill plain regions. From the evaluation results, it is evident that water level recovery depends not only on the intensity of groundwater mining reduction, but also on its effectiveness. The value of water level recovery alone cannot accurately indicate the intensity of mining reduction, as recharge variation significantly influences water level changes. Therefore, in practice, it is crucial to comprehensively assess the impact of mining reduction on water level recovery by combining the coefficient of recharge variation with the contribution of water level recovery from mining reduction. This integrated approach provide a more reasonable and scientifically supported basis, offering essential data support for groundwater management and conservation. To improve the accuracy and reliability of evaluation results, future work will focus on the standardizing and normalizing raw data processing.

This study presents a comprehensively analysis of geothermal characteristics in the Xianshuihe geothermal area along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, using temperature logging, temperature monitoring and thermal conductivity measurement, and regional geothermal geological survey data. The research focuses on the geothermal background, geothermal field, and their potential impact on the surrounding tunnels. The investigation reveals that the average heat flow value in the study area is approximately 73.0 mW/m2, significantly higher than the average terrestrial heat flow in mainland China (​​62.5 mW/m2). This high terrestrial heat flow signifies a distinct thermal background in the area. In addition, geothermal anomalies in the area are found to be closely associated with the distribution of hot springs along NW faults, indicating a strong control by the Xianshuihe fault zone. The study concludes that the region's favorable conditions for geothermal resources are attributed to the combination of high terrestrial heatflow background and water-conducting faults. However, these conditions also pose a potential threat of heat damage to the tunnels along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway. To evaluate the risk, the research takes into account the terrestrial heat flow, thermal conductivity of the tunnel surrounding rocks, characteristics of the regional constant temperature layer, as well as the distribution of hot springs and faults. The analysis specifically focuses on the thermal damage risk of Kangding 1# tunnel and 2# tunnel passing through the study area. Based on the findings, it is determined that Kangding 1# tunnel and 2# tunnel have relatively low risk of heat damage, as they have avoided most of the high temperature anomaly areas. However, several sections of the tunnels do traverse zones with low to medium temperatures, where surface rock temperatures can reach up to 45°C. Therefore, these regions should not be neglected during the construction and operation of the tunnel project, and mitigation measures may be necessary to address the potential heat-related challenges in the area.

Abstract Myodural bridge (MDB) is a dense connective tissue between suboccipital muscle and dura mater. However, there are few reports on the development and maturation of the human MDB. This study aims to explore the developmental relationship between suboccipital muscle and MDB. 30 head and neck specimens from human fetuses (F) ranging from the 12th to 41st week (W) were made into histological sections. The F12W sections showed evidence that the dura mater dominated by fibroblasts, attached to the posterior atlanto-axial membrane (PAAM) which completely sealed the atlanto-axial space. In the F13W stage, myofibrils of the suboccipital muscle fibers increased significantly in number. At the F14W stage, a gap was observed at the caudal end of the PAAM. Numerous myodural bridge-like structures were observed blending into the dura mater through the gap. At the F19W stage, muscle cells mature. Starting at the F21W stage, the MDB were observed as fibroblasts that cross the atlanto-axial interspace and attach to the dura mater. Therefore, the traction generated by the suboccipital muscles seems to promote the maturity of MDB. This study will provide new morphological knowledge to support future research on the function of the human MDB and regulating the development mechanism of MDB.

This paper is centered on the extent to which contemporary Chinese science fiction is related to ancient Chinese mythologies according to the previous scholarly discussion and how these ancient mythologies are utilized specifically in the futuristic narratives of modern Chinese science fiction. By referring to academic dialogues, this paper argues that ancient mythologies can be recreated in modern science fiction and create modern mythologies in futuristic narratives to present or deal with modern human fears. Based on this argument, this paper then continues to explore what kinds of modern mythologies science fiction might deliver. The Chinese film The Wandering Earth(2019) will be discussed in terms of its mythological symbols and metaphors. This paper proposes a new approach through which to reconnect past stories with futuristic narratives and builds a frame in which to contextualize ancient mythologies in contemporary Chinese culture.

Promoting agricultural international trade to agricultural ecological environment governance is an important step in the process of agricultural modernization, which is helpful to realize the rural revitalization strategy and ensure national food security. In this essay, Henan Province was taken as an example to evaluate the performance of agricultural eco-environmental governance in Henan Province from 2013 to 2021. In this study, entropy weight -TOPSIS model was used to select 11 indicators from four dimensions of agricultural production conditions, agricultural non-point source pollution, agricultural output level and the intensity of ecological environment governance to construct the performance evaluation index system of agricultural ecological environment governance. TOPSIS model results showed that agricultural non-point source pollution had the greatest impact on agricultural eco-environmental performance evaluation in Henan Province. The performance score of agricultural eco-environmental governance in Henan Province showed a V-shaped distribution, which decreased year by year from 2013 to 2016 and increased year by year from 2017 to 2021.

The temperature changes of grain piles during rice storage in high-temperature and high-humidity grain storage areas were studied under the air-conditioning temperature control mode with a temperature of 22 ℃ and a daily opening time of 13 h and a temperature of 24 ℃ and a daily opening time of 24 h. The changes of rice moisture and fatty acid values ​​before and after temperature-controlled storage were compared, and the differences in temperature changes in each layer in the horizontal direction of grain piles at different depths were analyzed. The results showed that the average temperature and the maximum grain temperature of the grain pile increased slowly under different air-conditioning operation modes. Air-conditioned temperature-controlled grain storage had a greater impact on the surface temperature of the grain pile, but less impact on the middle layer grain temperature. During the air-conditioned temperature-controlled storage period, the lower layer grain temperature may be affected by the floor temperature. The temperature control mode that lowered the temperature control temperature but shortened the temperature control time was more economical and efficient. The temperature control mode of 22 ℃ + 13 h could save about 12.4% of electricity costs compared with the temperature control mode of 24 ℃ + 24 h. At the same time, the control effect of the warehouse temperature, surface grain temperature and average grain temperature of the grain pile with a lower basic grain temperature was more obvious, and the basic grain temperature of the grain pile played an important role in the implementation of temperature-controlled grain storage technology.

With the development of smart grid and the continuous introduction of communication equipments into cyber physical system (CPS), CPS is confronted with a new attack mode with more destructive—coordinated cyber physical attack (CCPA). CCPA is not only hidden but also threatening, which is easy to cause cascading failures. Firstly, from the perspective of the attacker, a multi-stage coordinated cyber-physical topology attack model is proposed. The single-stage physical attack first trips a transmission line, and the two-stage cyber attack is used to mask the outage signal of the disconnected line in the physical layer and then create a new fake tripped line in the cyber layer. Secondly, combined with deep reinforcement learning (DRL) theory, the method for determining the minimum attack resources based on deep Q-network (DQN) is proposed. Then, the specific model and solution method for the attacker are given, taking the maximization of the physical attack effect in the upper layer and minimization of the attack cost in the lower layer into consideration. Finally, the IEEE 30-bus system is taken as an example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed multi-stage attack model. The simulation results demonstrate that the multi-stage coordinated cyber-physical topology attack is more hidden and effective than the single attack, and the damage to the power grid is greater, which provides a reference for the defender against such attacks.

1,4-dioxane pollution is characterized by its early identification, widespread sources and extensive distribution. The pollutant is highly mobile and persistent in the water environment and is classified as a B2 (probable) human carcinogen. After reviewing recent researches on the pollution status, transport and transformation characteristics of 1,4-dioxane in the water environment, as well as the environmental pollution remediation and treatment technologies, and the status of environmental regulation, this paper addresses that the distribution of 1,4-dioxane in water bodies is significantly correlated with chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutants such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) and trichloroethylene (TCE). It is noteworthy that 1,4-dioxane often occurs in symbiosis with 1,1,1-TCA and has a similarity contamination plume distribution to 1,1,1-TCA. The natural attenuation of 1,4-dioxane in groundwater environment is weak, but there is a certain degree of biological oxidation attenuation. Current methods for treating 1,4-dioxane pollution mainly include extraction-treatment technology, advanced oxidation treatment technology, modified biological treatment technology and phytoremediation technology, all of which have their limitations in practical application. Currently, there is no environmental regulation available for the 1,4-dioxane pollution worldwide, and no enforceable standard established for defining the health trigger levels of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. Research on this contaminant in China is generally limited to the site or laboratory scale, and there are no studies on the environmental risk and quality standards for 1,4-dioxane in the water environment.

Baked foods with a huge market scale play an important part in people's daily diet, and the market scale maintains a trend of rapid growth. The quality of baked foods is affected by many factors, such as raw material composition and processing conditions, so understanding the factors affecting the quality of baked foods is of great significance to process and produce high-quality baked foods. This paper reviewed the effects of fermentation conditions, processing conditions, and raw material composition on the quality of baked foods, and it also involved research on functional baked foods with the addition of special nutritional ingredients or low / no sugar content. These new types of baked foods are more in line with the current people's pursuit of the concept of nutritious and healthy diet. This paper could provide the reference for the design and production of high-quality baked foods, and promote the development and upgrading of the baked food industry.

With the development of energy Internet and electric vehicles， energy storage batteries have become a research hotspot in the scientific and industrial communities. During the whole lifespan of a battery， it is an urgent request to explore safer， faster， and more effective charging methods. Based on MATLAB/Simulink simulation software， an electrochemical model of the battery considering the non-linear effect is established to study its voltage response and capacity response under different charging current rates， pulse frequencies， and pulse duty cycles. Besides， its parameter variation characteristics under pulse charging mode are investigated. The simulation results show that the pulsed operation mode can increase the available capacity of the battery by 5% or more at a large charging current rate. The results provide a reference for the subsequent research on the pulsed charging operation.

Water (moisture) is the key factor restricting the adsorption / desorption of coalbed methane (CBM). Influenced by the multi-pore structure of coal reservoir and the wetting difference of coal compositions, the coal-water-methane interface interaction result in the mutual excitation and restriction between CH4 and H2O in the process of CBM production. By comprehensively combing the research progress and frontier understanding of the adsorption/desorption effect of water on CBM, the internal relationship between water and the micro effect of CBM adsorption / desorption were analyzed from three aspects: the water occurrence state of coal reservoir, the micro action mechanism of coal-water interface and the influence of water on methane adsorption / desorption. The research showed that the pore structure and water occurrence state of coal reservoir are complicated. Based on the interface between coal and water and pore structure characteristics, coal reservoir water can be divided into three main types: bound water, irreducible water and free water. The inhibition mechanism of methane adsorption by different types of water is different, and the degree of influence on low-rank coal is serious. Water phase change has become the core affecting methane desorption-transport. Water vapor molecules replace adsorbed methane through competitive adsorption. Liquid water blocks pores and inhibits gas-water transport under the action of wettability and capillary force. In the process of surface CBM drilling and production, the action mechanism of water changes with the dynamic changes of reservoir temperature-pressure environment. Aiming at the status quo of unclear desorption mechanism and influence boundary of water on methane. Therefore, it was proposed to quantify the water content and distribution characteristics of the reservoir, enhance methane desorption and gas-water transport, improve the theory and model of methane adsorption / desorption, strengthen the theory and technology of water incentive and promote the increase of CBM production, further deepen the mechanism of the micro action of coal-water interface in the process of CBM desorption and transport, and promote the sustainable, stable and efficient exploitation of CBM.

Abstract A large number of studies in recent years indicate that osteocytes are the orchestrators of bone remodeling by regulating both osteoblast and osteoclast activities. Oxidative stress-induced osteocyte apoptosis plays critical roles in the pathological processes of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound that ameliorates postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, whether resveratrol regulates osteocyte apoptosis via autophagy remains largely unknown. The effects of resveratrol on regulating osteocyte apoptosis and autophagy were analyzed both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, cultured MLO-Y4 cells were exposed to H2O2 with or without resveratrol. In vivo, an ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis model was constructed in rats with or without daily intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg body weight resveratrol. It was found that resveratrol attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis through activating autophagy in cultured MLO-Y4 cells, which was mediated by the dissociation of Beclin-1/Bcl-2 complex in AMPK/JNK1-dependent pathway, ultimately regulating osteocytes function. Furthermore, it was shown that resveratrol treatment reduced osteocytes oxidative stress, inhibited osteocytes apoptosis and promoted autophagy in ovariectomized rats. Our study suggests that resveratrol protects against oxidative stress by restoring osteocytes autophagy and alleviating apoptosis via AMPK/JNK1 activation, therefore dissociating Bcl-2 from Beclin-1.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the phenolic compounds profile and antioxidant activities of different fractions of Tartary buckwheat. Methods: Tartary buckwheat was ground and sieved into shell, bran and powder. Phenolic compounds in tartary buckwheat were extracted with 70% ethanol, and phenolic compounds composition and antioxidant activity of the extract were analyzed. Results: In Tartary buckwheat bran, the total phenolics and flavonoids were （3 042±31） mg GAE/100 g·DW and （5 290±233） mg RE/100 g·DW, accounting for 60.8%, 67.7% of the total Tartary buckwheat, respectively. Rutin was the dominant phenolic compounds in bran extract, and the content was （5 152±61） mg/100 g·DW. The extracts of Tartary buckwheat hull, bran and powder all showed antioxidant activities, among which the bran extracts presented the highest antioxidant activities. The ORAC, FRAP, DPPH and ABTS values were (1 503.3±249.5) μmol/g·DW, (8 477.5±441.1) mg TE/100 g·DW, (5 642.4±241.3) mg TE/100 g·DW and (16 764±742) mg TE/100 g·DW, respectively. Conclusion: Bran is the major fraction enriching phenolic compounds which showed elevated antioxidant activities.

The 5th Plenary Session of the 19th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee clearly states that developing science and technology through self-reliance and self-strengthening provides the strategic underpinning for China's development. Based on this background, this paper explores a metric model for assessing national scientific research strength through collaboration on research papers.

Objective To assess a safe surgical approach for intertransverse process lower thoracic intervertebral body fusion (ITIF) based on measurements from enhanced three‐dimensional CT reconstruction, cadaver simulated operation, and patient operation. Methods Enhanced three‐dimensional CT image reconstruction was performed for 20 healthy volunteers on thoracic segments T8–T12. The length of the transverse process (LTP), distance between the upper and lower transverse processes (DULTP), remote distance of the transverse process (RDTP), height of the extraforaminal intervertebral space (HEIS), and oblique diameter of the intervertebral space (ODIS) were measured and recorded. The blood vessels of the intertransverse lower thoracic region were observed, and their internal diameters were measured. The rib‐intervertebral space relationship for T10/11 and T11/12 was measured in 104 patients of the thoracic skeleton. Then, based on the data from the CT measurements, simulated surgery was performed on six human cadavers at the T11/12 level. An ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patient with a fracture of the T10/11 level was eventually operated on with the ITIF technique. Results No significant difference was found between the lengths of the left and right thoracic transverse processes. The relationship of the values of the LTP and RDTP for the measured vertebrae were found to be as follows:T8 > T9 > T10 > T11 > T12. For HEIS and DULTP, T8–9 < T9–10 < T10–11 < T11–12. The results for the ODIS were as follows: T8–T9 < T9–T10 < T10–T11 < T11–T12. The blood vessel inner diameter of T11–12 was less than that of T10–11, while there was no significant difference between the diameters for T8–9 and T11–12. Almost half of the volunteer's T10/11 intervertebral spaces were covered posteriorly by the 11th rib (45.19% on left and 41.35% on right), while for most patients, the T11/12 intervertebral space was not covered by the 12th rib (98.08%). According to the cadaver experiments, intervertebral bone grafting and ipsilateral pedicle screw fixation were performed to simulate the operation. One patient with a combined AS and T10/11 fracture was then operated on with the ITIF technique and followed up for 3 years with satisfactory results. Conclusion As verified by 3D CT reconstruction measurements, cadaver simulation surgery and patient operation with follow‐up, the intertransverse process approach for some T10/T11 and almost all T11/T12 segments is a safe surgical pathway for operations such as ITIF, fracture bone grafting, clearance of focal lesions.

Milk fat globule （MFG） is secreted by mammalian glands and composed of a triacylglycerol core enclosed by a complex triple membrane structure, referred as the milk fat globule membrane （MFGM）. MFGM contains complex lipids and proteins, with nutritional, immunological, neurological and digestive functions. However, the relationship between functions and gastrointestinal digestion and the factors that influence the gastrointestinal digestion of milk fat have not been fully studied. In this paper, the structure composition, functional characteristics, gastrointestinal digestion and the factors affecting the digestion and absorption of milk fat were reviewed in order to provide an insight for the research on the digestion of infant formula.

In this research, analytical and semi-analytical soliton solutions for the nonlinear fractional (2 + 1)-dimensional integrable Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff equation (FCBSE) in the non-local form are obtained using recent computational and numerical methods. The FCBSE is a significant model for investigating various phenomena, such as internal ocean waves, tsunamis, river tidal waves, and magneto-sound waves in plasma. The constructed solution helps in understanding the interaction between a long wave moving along the x-axis and a Riemann wave propagating along the y-axis. Various analytical solutions, such as exponential, trigonometric, and hyperbolic, have been formulated differently for this model, which is a specific derivation of the well-known Korteweg–de Vries equation. Density charts in two and three dimensions are used to visualize the behavior of a single soliton in reality through simulations. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the employed numerical scheme and various methods to ensure the consistency of computational and approximation answers. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of recent computational and numerical techniques for solving nonlinear mathematical and physical problems.

In the field of ophthalmology, retinal diseases are often accompanied by complications, and effective segmentation of retinal blood vessels is an important condition for judging retinal diseases. Therefore, this paper proposes a segmentation model for retinal blood vessel segmentation. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have been used for image semantic segmentation and show good performance. So, this paper proposes an improved GAN. Based on R2U-Net, the generator adds an attention mechanism, channel and spatial attention, which can reduce the loss of information and extract more effective features. We use dense connection modules in the discriminator. The dense connection module has the characteristics of alleviating gradient disappearance and realizing feature reuse. After a certain amount of iterative training, the generated prediction map and label map can be distinguished. Based on the loss function in the traditional GAN, we introduce the mean squared error. By using this loss, we ensure that the synthetic images contain more realistic blood vessel structures. The values of area under the curve (AUC) in the retinal blood vessel pixel segmentation of the three public data sets DRIVE, CHASE-DB1 and STARE of the proposed method are 0.9869, 0.9894 and 0.9885, respectively. The indicators of this experiment have improved compared to previous methods.

Abstract Mechanically flexible optoelectronic devices and systems can enable a much broader range of applications than what their rigid counterparts can do, especially for novel bio-integrated optoelectronic systems, flexible consumer electronics and wearable sensors. Inorganic semiconductor could be a good candidate for the flexible PD when it can keep its high performance under the bending condition. Here, we demonstrate a III–V material-based flexible photodetector operating wavelength from 640 to 1700 nm with the high detectivity of 5.18 × 1011 cm‧Hz1/2/W and fast response speed @1550 nm by using a simply top-to-down fabrication process. The optoelectrical performances are stable as the PDs are exposed to bending cycles with a radius of 15 mm up to 1000 times. Furthermore, the mechanical failure mode of the PD is also investigated, which suggests that the cracking and delamination failure mode are dominant in bending up and bending down direction, respectively. Such a flexible III–V material-based PD and design with stable and high performance could be a promising strategy for the application of the flexible broad spectrum detection.

Facing rapid growth in air cargo demand within the global supply chain and limitations of traditional storage location allocation methods, this study proposes an intelligent optimization strategy for storage location allocation. The strategy considers key factors like flight schedules, cargo collection and delivery data, cargo terminal topology, and in-and-out paths. It intelligently allocates each cargo batch to the most suitable location, assigning more flights' cargo to locations near the exit, thereby reducing cargo handling distance and offloading time, and enhancing operational efficiency and cargo handling capacity in the air freight sector. The algorithm, based on the latest optimization theories and techniques, seeks optimal solutions under various constraints. The model and algorithm’s effectiveness is validated through simulation experiments using actual flight data. The results indicate that, compared to traditional strategies, the optimized strategy reduces response time by 62%.

In the e-commerce industry, live streaming has become an increasingly popular way to promote and sell products. With the rise of social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok, more and more businesses are using live streaming to engage with their customers and boost sales. This study investigates the relationship between sales and the number of live viewers to find out the most popular partition for live sales of TikTok’s e-commerce by employing simple linear regression, deseasonalization, and variable transformation techniques to optimize the models. This study improves the accuracy and interpretability of regression models in the e-commerce industry, specifically focusing on the relationship between real-time viewership and Gross Merchandise Volume (GMV). The findings indicate that removing seasonality and applying log-to-log transformation provide more reliable and accurate models, ultimately helping businesses better understand and optimize their sales strategies.

Theranostics in nuclear medicine is the combination of radionuclide imaging and internal radiotherapy, so as to realize the visualized diagnosis and precise treatment of diseases. At present, theranostics of nuclear medicine has played an important role in differentiated thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, bone metastases, neuroendocrine tumors and prostate cancer. China's medical radionuclides and radionuclide medicines are in short supply and heavily dependent on imports, so there is a 'bottleneck' problem. It is necessary to strengthen the independent production, innovation and research of medical radionuclides and radiopharmaceutics of theranostics, so as to promote theranostics of nuclear medicine to better serve China's clinical practice.

This study presents fundamental theorems, lemmas, and mapping definitions. There are three types of mappings: binary operators, compatible mappings, and sequentially continuous mappings. The symbols used to represent fuzzy metric spaces are intuitive. Icons were also used to prescribe a shared, linked fixed point in intuitionistic fuzzy metric space for two compatible and sequentially continuous mappings that satisfy ϕ-contractive conditions. To accomplish this, finding the intersection of both mappings was necessary.

This study uses crystal lattice theory and physicochemical characterization to show a number of correct wave solutions that are like the way plasma waves move. The nonlinear time–fractional Gilson–Pickering (GP) model has been addressed using two distinct analytical and numerical techniques. This model is used in crystal lattice theory and plasma physics to show how waves move, so it is a basic model for how waves move in one direction. Utilizing the modified rational and He’s variational iteration approximations in conjunction with the β–fractional derivative principles, we give the handled model fresh and precise solitary wave solutions. Various contour, three-dimensional, and two-dimensional graphs depict the determined outcomes. Compared to other recent studies, ours indicates the importance of this research area. The presented methods show how simple, direct, and effective they are and how they can be used with a wide range of nonlinear evolution equations.

In partial differential equations, the generalized modified equal-width (GMEW) equation is commonly used to model one-dimensional wave propagation in nonlinear media with dispersion processes. In this article, we use two modern, accurate analytical and numerical techniques to find the exact traveling wave solutions for the model we are looking at. The results are new, and at present, they can be used in many different areas of research, such as engineering and physics. The proposed numerical method is helpful because it gives an estimate on the accuracy of the solutions. Distinct graphs, such as a contour plot, a two-dimensional graph, and a three-dimensional graph, were used to show the analytical and numerical results. Using symbolic computation, we demonstrate that our approach is a powerful mathematical tool that can be applied to a wide range of nonlinear wave problems.

The United Nations formally adopted 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) at the summit in 2015. With the goal of SDGs, China has formulated the “3,060” dual carbon target, that is, to achieve a carbon peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060. Consequently, this goal will direct positive changes in industrial transformation, and employment quality will be impacted. In this article, 106 listed manufacturing enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta are selected to explore the impacts of industrial transformation and just transition on employment. The result shows that the industrial transformation has no significant promoting effect on employment quality in state-owned enterprises (SOEs), and just transition has no significant moderating effect. However, in private enterprises, industrial transformation has a significant negative impact on employment equality. Moreover, employee training can alleviate the negative impact of industrial transformation on employment quality. On the contrary, employee welfare will play a negative moderating role. The conclusions of this research can help enterprises make better strategies to guarantee the interests of employees and stimulate staff. In addition, the government should advise relevant enterprises to transform steadily.

Objective Systematic evaluation of the correlation of HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1 allele polymorphisms with caries, to provide reference for caries prevention and treatment. Methods Relevant literature published before December 2020 was searched in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and CBM databases. Meta-analysis was performed using the R4.0.2 software to test for heterogeneity and evaluate the publication bias. Results In total,10 case-control studies were included with 564 people in the case group and 676 people in the control group. The results of the Meta-analysis show that: ① HLA-DQB1*02 (OR=0.52, 95%CI=0.29-0.93, P < 0.05) and HLA-DRB1*09 (OR=0.34, 95%CI=0.21-0.58, P < 0.05) are protective factors of dental caries; ② HLA-DRB1*13 (OR=2.96, 95%CI=2.03-4.33, P < 0.05) and HLA-DRB1*14 (OR=1.95, 95%CI=1.26-3.02, P < 0.05) alleles are risk factors for the development of dental caries. The results of the subgroup analysis are: HLA-DRB1*07 is a caries susceptibility factor in the Chinese population (OR=0.48, 95% CI=0.24-0.97, P < 0.05), while it is not statistically significant in the Brazilian and Turkish populations; HLA-DRB1*11 is a caries protective factor in the saliva group (OR=2.26, 95% CI=1.46-3.52, P < 0.05). 3.52, P < 0.001), while it is a caries susceptibility factor in the blood group (OR=0.09, 95% CI=0.12-0.34, P < 0.001). Conclusion HLA-DRB1*13 and HLA-DRB1*14 alleles are caries susceptibility genes, and HLA-DQB1*02 and HLA-DRB1*09 have protective effects on the caries development. HLA-DRB1*07 is a caries susceptibility gene in the Chinese population; HLA-DRB1*11 is a caries protective gene in the saliva group. Due to the limited sample size and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies will be included later for verification.

Abstract Background Characterizing the impacts of postoperative opioid use on total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients may help optimize the pain management after TKA. The aim of the study is to examine the prevalence and risk factors for opioid use with an enhanced-recovery programme after primary TKA. Methods We identified 361 patients undergoing TKA, and separated those on the basis of whether to receive opioid use after surgery. Themultivariate logistic regression model was used to identify independent risk factors for opioid use after primary TKA. Length of stay (LOS) and postoperative complications were also recorded and compared. Results The prevalence of opioid use after primary TKA was 23.0%. The significant risk factor was the longer operative time (OR [odds ratio] = 1.017, 95% CI [confidence interval] = 1.001 to 1.032, p = 0.034) and the protective factor was the utilization of tranexamic acid(OR= 0.355, 95% CI = 0.161 to 0.780, p = 0.010). In addition, the LOS was longer in opioid group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Considering the adverse health effects of opioid use, strategies need to be developed to prevent persistent opioid use after TKA. Reducing operative time and the application of tranexamic acid could lower the risk of opioid use with an enhanced-recovery programme after primary TKA.

Objective To investigate the specific molecular mechanisms of palmitic acid (PA)-induced lipid deposition in cultured hepatocytes with knockdown of growth hormone receptor (GHR). Methods Hepatic L02 cells were treated with different concentrations of PA (0, 75, 150 and 300 μmol/L) for 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively, and cell viability was measured. Then the L02 cells were transinfected with GHR-lentiviral vector (shRNAGHR group) or control vector (vector group). Oil red "O" staining and boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) fluorescence staining were used to observe lipid deposition. Flow cytometry was employed to detect the apoptosis and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential assay was applied to detect the changes in membrane potential. MitoSox fluorescence was used to detect mitochondrial ROS level. Western blotting was carried out to measure mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic protein expression. After pretreated with targeted mitochondrial antioxidant, mitoTEMPO, the cells were further observed whether it could offset PA-induced changes in ROS level and apoptosis. Results PA inhibited the survival rate of the L02 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with the control group, treatment of 150 μumol/L PA for 12, 24, and 48 h resulted in significantly increased intracellular ROS level, mitochondrial ROS level and cell apoptosis in the shRNAGHR. Oil red "O" staining and BODIPY fluorescence confirmed that shRNAGHR group was more prone to lipid deposition with same dose of PA stimulation. Western blotting showed the levels of cytochrome C protein, Cleaved-Caspase 9, Cleaved-Caspase 3, and polymerase (PARP) were significantly higher in the shRNAGHR group than the vector group (P < 0.05). Pretreatment of targeted mitochondrial antioxidant mitoTEMPO significantly ameliorated shRNAGHR induced cells apoptosis. Conclusion Knockdown of GHR aggravates lipid deposition and apoptosis in hepatocytes, and PA plays an important role in the process through mitochondria/ROS pathway.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in tissue healing and regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation properties. MSCs exert their therapeutic effects mainly via the paracrine pathway, which involves the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs have a high drug loading capacity and can transport various molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, that can modify the course of diverse diseases. Due to their ability to maintain the therapeutic effects of their parent cells, MSC-derived EVs have emerged as a promising, safe cell-free treatment approach for tissue regeneration. With advances in inflammation research and emergence of the field of osteoimmunology, evidence has accumulated pointing to the role of inflammatory and osteoimmunological processes in the occurrence and progression of orthopedic diseases. Several studies have shown that MSC-derived EVs participate in bone regeneration and the pathophysiology of orthopedic diseases by regulating the inflammatory environment, enhancing angiogenesis, and promoting the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the application and functions of MSC-derived EVs as potential therapies against orthopedic diseases, including osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, osteoporosis and osteonecrosis.