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1. Disciplined Geodesically Convex Programming

Author

Cheng, Andrew, Dixit, Vaibhav, and Weber, Melanie

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Mathematical Software, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

Convex programming plays a fundamental role in machine learning, data science, and engineering. Testing convexity structure in nonlinear programs relies on verifying the convexity of objectives and constraints. \citet{grant2006disciplined} introduced a framework, Disciplined Convex Programming (DCP), for automating this verification task for a wide range of convex functions that can be decomposed into basic convex functions (atoms) using convexity-preserving compositions and transformations (rules). However, the restriction to Euclidean convexity concepts can limit the applicability of the framework. For instance, many notable instances of statistical estimators and matrix-valued (sub)routines in machine learning applications are Euclidean non-convex, but exhibit geodesic convexity through a more general Riemannian lens. In this work, we extend disciplined programming to this setting by introducing Disciplined Geodesically Convex Programming (DGCP). We determine convexity-preserving compositions and transformations for geodesically convex functions on general Cartan-Hadamard manifolds, as well as for the special case of symmetric positive definite matrices, a common setting in matrix-valued optimization. For the latter, we also define a basic set of atoms. Our paper is accompanied by a Julia package SymbolicAnalysis.jl, which provides functionality for testing and certifying DGCP-compliant expressions. Our library interfaces with manifold optimization software, which allows for directly solving verified geodesically convex programs.

Published
2024

2. Requirement of GrgA for Chlamydia infectious progeny production, optimal growth, and efficient plasmid maintenance.

Author

Lu, Bin, Wang, Yuxuan, Wurihan, Wurihan, Cheng, Andrew, Yeung, Sydney, Fondell, Joseph, Lai, Zhao, Wan, Danny, Wu, Xiang, Li, Wei Vivian, and Fan, Huizhou

Subjects
Chlamydia, GrgA, regulation of gene expression, transcription factors, transcriptional regulation, Humans, Chlamydia trachomatis, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Chlamydia Infections, Transcription Factors, Sigma Factor, Bacterial Proteins
Abstract

Hallmarks of the developmental cycle of the obligate intracellular pathogenic bacterium Chlamydia are the primary differentiation of the infectious elementary body (EB) into the proliferative reticulate body (RB) and the secondary differentiation of RBs back into EBs. The mechanisms regulating these transitions remain unclear. In this report, we developed an effective novel strategy termed dependence on plasmid-mediated expression (DOPE) that allows for the knockdown of essential genes in Chlamydia. We demonstrate that GrgA, a Chlamydia-specific transcription factor, is essential for the secondary differentiation and optimal growth of RBs. We also show that GrgA, a chromosome-encoded regulatory protein, controls the maintenance of the chlamydial virulence plasmid. Transcriptomic analysis further indicates that GrgA functions as a critical regulator of all three sigma factors that recognize different promoter sets at developmental stages. The DOPE strategy outlined here should provide a valuable tool for future studies examining chlamydial growth, development, and pathogenicity.

Published
2024

4. The Perturbed Full Two-Body Problem: Application to Post-DART Didymos

Author

Meyer, Alex J., Agrusa, Harrison F., Richardson, Derek C., Daly, R. Terik, Fuentes-Muñoz, Oscar, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Michel, Patrick, Merrill, Colby C., Nakano, Ryota, Cheng, Andrew F., Barbee, Brent, Barnouin, Olivier S., Chesley, Steven R., Ernst, Carolyn M., Gkolias, Ioannis, Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Naidu, Shantanu P., Pravec, Petr, Scheirich, Petr, Thomas, Cristina A., Tsiganis, Kleomenis, and Scheeres, Daniel J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

With the successful impact of the NASA DART spacecraft in the Didymos-Dimorphos binary asteroid system, we provide an initial analysis of the post-impact perturbed binary asteroid dynamics. To compare our simulation results with observations, we introduce a set of "observable elements" calculated using only the physical separation of the binary asteroid, rather than traditional Keplerian elements. Using numerical methods that treat the fully spin-orbit-coupled dynamics, we estimate the system's mass and the impact-induced changes in orbital velocity, semimajor axis, and eccentricity. We find that the changes to the mutual orbit depend strongly on the separation distance between Didymos and Dimorphos at the time of impact. If Dimorphos enters a tumbling state after the impact, this may be observable through changes in the system's eccentricity and orbit period. We also find that any DART-induced reshaping of Dimorphos would generally reduce the required change in orbital velocity to achieve the measured post-impact orbit period and will be assessed by the ESA Hera mission in 2027., Comment: Accepted for publication in PSJ

Published
2023

5. Double Inlet Ventricle

Author

Weisert, Molly, Cheng, Andrew, Anderson, Robert H., editor, Backer, Carl L., editor, Berger, Stuart, editor, Blom, Nico A., editor, Holzer, Ralf J., editor, Robinson, Joshua D., editor, and Abdulla, Ra-id, Editor-in-Chief

Published
2024
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7. The geology and evolution of the Near-Earth binary asteroid system (65803) Didymos

Author

Barnouin, Olivier, Ballouz, Ronald-Louis, Marchi, Simone, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Agrusa, Harrison, Zhang, Yun, Ernst, Carolyn M., Pajola, Maurizio, Tusberti, Filippo, Lucchetti, Alice, Daly, R. Terik, Palmer, Eric, Walsh, Kevin J., Michel, Patrick, Sunshine, Jessica M., Rizos, Juan L., Farnham, Tony L., Richardson, Derek C., Parro, Laura M., Murdoch, Naomi, Robin, Colas Q., Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Kahout, Tomas, Asphaug, Erik, Raducan, Sabina D., Jutzi, Martin, Ferrari, Fabio, Hasselmann, Pedro Henrique Aragao, CampoBagatin, Adriano, Chabot, Nancy L., Li, Jian-Yang, Cheng, Andrew F., Nolan, Michael C., Stickle, Angela M., Karatekin, Ozgur, Dotto, Elisabetta, Della Corte, Vincenzo, Mazzotta Epifani, Elena, Rossi, Alessandro, Gai, Igor, Deshapriya, Jasinghege Don Prasanna, Bertini, Ivano, Zinzi, Angelo, Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M., Beccarelli, Joel, Ivanovski, Stavro Lambrov, Brucato, John Robert, Poggiali, Giovanni, Zanotti, Giovanni, Amoroso, Marilena, Capannolo, Andrea, Cremonese, Gabriele, Dall’Ora, Massimo, Ieva, Simone, Impresario, Gabriele, Lavagn, Michèle, Modenini, Dario, Palumbo, Pasquale, Perna, Davide, Pirrotta, Simone, Tortora, Paolo, Zannoni, Marco, and Rivkin, Andrew S.

Published
2024
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8. Momentum Transfer from the DART Mission Kinetic Impact on Asteroid Dimorphos

Author

Cheng, Andrew F., Agrusa, Harrison F., Barbee, Brent W., Meyer, Alex J., Farnham, Tony L., Raducan, Sabina D., Richardson, Derek C., Dotto, Elisabetta, Zinzi, Angelo, Della Corte, Vincenzo, Statler, Thomas S., Chesley, Steven, Naidu, Shantanu P., Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Li, Jian-Yang, Eggl, Siegfried, Barnouin, Olivier S., Chabot, Nancy L., Chocron, Sidney, Collins, Gareth S., Daly, R. Terik, Davison, Thomas M., DeCoster, Mallory E., Ernst, Carolyn M., Ferrari, Fabio, Graninger, Dawn M., Jacobson, Seth A., Jutzi, Martin, Kumamoto, Kathryn M., Luther, Robert, Lyzhoft, Joshua R., Michel, Patrick, Murdoch, Naomi, Nakano, Ryota, Palmer, Eric, Rivkin, Andrew S., Scheeres, Daniel J., Stickle, Angela M., Sunshine, Jessica M., Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M., Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Walker, James D., Wünnemann, Kai, Zhang, Yun, Amoroso, Marilena, Bertini, Ivano, Brucato, John R., Capannolo, Andrea, Cremonese, Gabriele, Dall'Ora, Massimo, Deshapriya, Prasanna J. D., Gai, Igor, Hasselmann, Pedro H., Ieva, Simone, Impresario, Gabriele, Ivanovski, Stavro L., Lavagna, Michèle, Lucchetti, Alice, Epifani, Elena M., Modenini, Dario, Pajola, Maurizio, Palumbo, Pasquale, Perna, Davide, Pirrotta, Simone, Poggiali, Giovanni, Rossi, Alessandro, Tortora, Paolo, Zannoni, Marco, and Zanotti, Giovanni

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission performed a kinetic impact on asteroid Dimorphos, the satellite of the binary asteroid (65803) Didymos, at 23:14 UTC on September 26, 2022 as a planetary defense test. DART was the first hypervelocity impact experiment on an asteroid at size and velocity scales relevant to planetary defense, intended to validate kinetic impact as a means of asteroid deflection. Here we report the first determination of the momentum transferred to an asteroid by kinetic impact. Based on the change in the binary orbit period, we find an instantaneous reduction in Dimorphos's along-track orbital velocity component of 2.70 +/- 0.10 mm/s, indicating enhanced momentum transfer due to recoil from ejecta streams produced by the impact. For a Dimorphos bulk density range of 1,500 to 3,300 kg/m$^3$, we find that the expected value of the momentum enhancement factor, $\beta$, ranges between 2.2 and 4.9, depending on the mass of Dimorphos. If Dimorphos and Didymos are assumed to have equal densities of 2,400 kg/m$^3$, $\beta$= 3.61 +0.19/-0.25 (1 $\sigma$). These $\beta$ values indicate that significantly more momentum was transferred to Dimorphos from the escaping impact ejecta than was incident with DART. Therefore, the DART kinetic impact was highly effective in deflecting the asteroid Dimorphos., Comment: accepted by Nature

Published
2023
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9. Successful Kinetic Impact into an Asteroid for Planetary Defense

Author

Daly, R. Terik, Ernst, Carolyn M., Barnouin, Olivier S., Chabot, Nancy L., Rivkin, Andrew S., Cheng, Andrew F., Adams, Elena Y., Agrusa, Harrison F., Abel, Elisabeth D., Alford, Amy L., Asphaug, Erik I., Atchison, Justin A., Badger, Andrew R., Baki, Paul, Ballouz, Ronald-L., Bekker, Dmitriy L., Bellerose, Julie, Bhaskaran, Shyam, Buratti, Bonnie J., Cambioni, Saverio, Chen, Michelle H., Chesley, Steven R., Chiu, George, Collins, Gareth S., Cox, Matthew W., DeCoster, Mallory E., Ericksen, Peter S., Espiritu, Raymond C., Faber, Alan S., Farnham, Tony L., Ferrari, Fabio, Fletcher, Zachary J., Gaskell, Robert W., Graninger, Dawn M., Haque, Musad A., Harrington-Duff, Patricia A., Hefter, Sarah, Herreros, Isabel, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Huang, Philip M., Hsieh, Syau-Yun W., Jacobson, Seth A., Jenkins, Stephen N., Jensenius, Mark A., John, Jeremy W., Jutzi, Martin, Kohout, Tomas, Krueger, Timothy O., Laipert, Frank E., Lopez, Norberto R., Luther, Robert, Lucchetti, Alice, Mages, Declan M., Marchi, Simone, Martin, Anna C., McQuaide, Maria E., Michel, Patrick, Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Murphy, Ian W., Murdoch, Naomi, Naidu, Shantanu P., Nair, Hari, Nolan, Michael C., Ormö, Jens, Pajola, Maurizio, Palmer, Eric E., Peachey, James M., Pravec, Petr, Raducan, Sabina D., Ramesh, K. T., Ramirez, Joshua R., Reynolds, Edward L., Richman, Joshua E., Robin, Colas Q., Rodriguez, Luis M., Roufberg, Lew M., Rush, Brian P., Sawyer, Carolyn A., Scheeres, Daniel J., Scheirich, Petr, Schwartz, Stephen R., Shannon, Matthew P., Shapiro, Brett N., Shearer, Caitlin E., Smith, Evan J., Steele, R. Joshua, Steckloff, Jordan K, Stickle, Angela M., Sunshine, Jessica M., Superfin, Emil A., Tarzi, Zahi B., Thomas, Cristina A., Thomas, Justin R., Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M., Tropf, B. Teresa, Vaughan, Andrew T., Velez, Dianna, Waller, C. Dany, Wilson, Daniel S., Wortman, Kristin A., and Zhang, Yun

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

While no known asteroid poses a threat to Earth for at least the next century, the catalog of near-Earth asteroids is incomplete for objects whose impacts would produce regional devastation. Several approaches have been proposed to potentially prevent an asteroid impact with Earth by deflecting or disrupting an asteroid. A test of kinetic impact technology was identified as the highest priority space mission related to asteroid mitigation. NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission is the first full-scale test of kinetic impact technology. The mission's target asteroid was Dimorphos, the secondary member of the S-type binary near-Earth asteroid (65803) Didymos. This binary asteroid system was chosen to enable ground-based telescopes to quantify the asteroid deflection caused by DART's impact. While past missions have utilized impactors to investigate the properties of small bodies those earlier missions were not intended to deflect their targets and did not achieve measurable deflections. Here we report the DART spacecraft's autonomous kinetic impact into Dimorphos and reconstruct the impact event, including the timeline leading to impact, the location and nature of the DART impact site, and the size and shape of Dimorphos. The successful impact of the DART spacecraft with Dimorphos and the resulting change in Dimorphos's orbit demonstrates that kinetic impactor technology is a viable technique to potentially defend Earth if necessary., Comment: Accepted by Nature

Published
2023
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10. Orbital Period Change of Dimorphos Due to the DART Kinetic Impact

Author

Thomas, Cristina A., Naidu, Shantanu P., Scheirich, Peter, Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Pravec, Petr, Chesley, Steven R., Rivkin, Andrew S., Osip, David J., Lister, Tim A., Benner, Lance A. M., Brozović, Marina, Contreras, Carlos, Morrell, Nidia, Rożek, Agata, Kušnirák, Peter, Hornoch, Kamil, Mages, Declan, Taylor, Patrick A., Seymour, Andrew D., Snodgrass, Colin, Jørgensen, Uffe G., Dominik, Martin, Skiff, Brian, Polakis, Tom, Knight, Matthew M., Farnham, Tony L., Giorgini, Jon D., Rush, Brian, Bellerose, Julie, Salas, Pedro, Armentrout, William P., Watts, Galen, Busch, Michael W., Chatelain, Joseph, Gomez, Edward, Greenstreet, Sarah, Phillips, Liz, Bonavita, Mariangela, Burgdorf, Martin J., Khalouei, Elahe, Longa-Peña, Penélope, Rabus, Markus, Sajadian, Sedighe, Chabot, Nancy L., Cheng, Andrew F., Ryan, William H., Ryan, Eileen V., Holt, Carrie E., and Agrusa, Harrison F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft successfully performed the first test of a kinetic impactor for asteroid deflection by impacting Dimorphos, the secondary of near-Earth binary asteroid (65803) Didymos, and changing the orbital period of Dimorphos. A change in orbital period of approximately 7 minutes was expected if the incident momentum from the DART spacecraft was directly transferred to the asteroid target in a perfectly inelastic collision, but studies of the probable impact conditions and asteroid properties indicated that a considerable momentum enhancement ($\beta$) was possible. In the years prior to impact, we used lightcurve observations to accurately determine the pre-impact orbit parameters of Dimorphos with respect to Didymos. Here we report the change in the orbital period of Dimorphos as a result of the DART kinetic impact to be -33.0 +/- 1.0 (3$\sigma$) minutes. Using new Earth-based lightcurve and radar observations, two independent approaches determined identical values for the change in the orbital period. This large orbit period change suggests that ejecta contributed a significant amount of momentum to the asteroid beyond what the DART spacecraft carried., Comment: Accepted by Nature

Published
2023
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11. Ejecta from the DART-produced active asteroid Dimorphos

Author

Li, Jian-Yang, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Farnham, Tony L., Sunshine, Jessica M., Knight, Matthew M., Tancredi, Gonzalo, Moreno, Fernando, Murphy, Brian, Opitom, Cyrielle, Chesley, Steve, Scheeres, Daniel J., Thomas, Cristina A., Fahnestock, Eugene G., Cheng, Andrew F., Dressel, Linda, Ernst, Carolyn M., Ferrari, Fabio, Fitzsimmons, Alan, Ieva, Simone, Ivanovski, Stavro L., Kareta, Teddy, Kolokolova, Ludmilla, Lister, Tim, Raducan, Sabina D., Rivkin, Andrew S., Rossi, Alessandro, Soldini, Stefania, Stickle, Angela M., Vick, Alison, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Weaver, Harold A., Bagnulo, Stefano, Bannister, Michele T., Cambioni, Saverio, Bagatin, Adriano Campo, Chabot, Nancy L., Cremonese, Gabriele, Daly, R. Terik, Dotto, Elisabetta, Glenar, David A., Granvik, Mikael, Hasselmann, Pedro H., Herreros, Isabel, Jacobson, Seth, Jutzi, Martin, Kohout, Tomas, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lazzarin, Monica, Lin, Zhong-Yi, Lolachi, Ramin, Lucchetti, Alice, Makadia, Rahil, Epifani, Elena Mazzotta, Michel, Patrick, Migliorini, Alessandra, Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Orm., Jens, Pajola, Maurizio, nchez, Paul S., Schwartz, Stephen R., Snodgrass, Colin, Steckloff, Jordan, Stubbs, Timothy J., and Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Some active asteroids have been proposed to be the result of impact events. Because active asteroids are generally discovered serendipitously only after their tail formation, the process of the impact ejecta evolving into a tail has never been directly observed. NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission, apart from having successfully changed the orbital period of Dimorphos, demonstrated the activation process of an asteroid from an impact under precisely known impact conditions. Here we report the observations of the DART impact ejecta with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) from impact time T+15 minutes to T+18.5 days at spatial resolutions of ~2.1 km per pixel. Our observations reveal a complex evolution of ejecta, which is first dominated by the gravitational interaction between the Didymos binary system and the ejected dust and later by solar radiation pressure. The lowest-speed ejecta dispersed via a sustained tail that displayed a consistent morphology with previously observed asteroid tails thought to be produced by impact. The ejecta evolution following DART's controlled impact experiment thus provides a framework for understanding the fundamental mechanisms acting on asteroids disrupted by natural impact., Comment: accepted by Nature

Published
2023
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13. Benchmarking cell-type clustering methods for spatially resolved transcriptomics data

Author

Cheng, Andrew, Hu, Guanyu, and Li, Wei Vivian

Subjects
Human Genome, Genetics, Biotechnology, Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD), Bioengineering, Underpinning research, 1.4 Methodologies and measurements, Generic health relevance, Transcriptome, Benchmarking, Gene Expression Profiling, Software, Cluster Analysis, Single-cell genomics, Spatial trasncriptomics, Clustering, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Computation Theory and Mathematics, Other Information and Computing Sciences, Bioinformatics
Abstract

Spatially resolved transcriptomics technologies enable the measurement of transcriptome information while retaining the spatial context at the regional, cellular or sub-cellular level. While previous computational methods have relied on gene expression information alone for clustering single-cell populations, more recent methods have begun to leverage spatial location and histology information to improve cell clustering and cell-type identification. In this study, using seven semi-synthetic datasets with real spatial locations, simulated gene expression and histology images as well as ground truth cell-type labels, we evaluate 15 clustering methods based on clustering accuracy, robustness to data variation and input parameters, computational efficiency, and software usability. Our analysis demonstrates that even though incorporating the additional spatial and histology information leads to increased accuracy in some datasets, it does not consistently improve clustering compared with using only gene expression data. Our results indicate that for the clustering of spatial transcriptomics data, there are still opportunities to enhance the overall accuracy and robustness by improving information extraction and feature selection from spatial and histology data.

Published
2023

14. After DART: Using the first full-scale test of a kinetic impactor to inform a future planetary defense mission

Author

Statler, Thomas S., Raducan, Sabina D., Barnouin, Olivier S., DeCoster, Mallory E., Chesley, Steven R., Barbee, Brent, Agrusa, Harrison F., Cambioni, Saverio, Cheng, Andrew F., Dotto, Elisabetta, Eggl, Siegfried, Fahnestock, Eugene G., Ferrari, Fabio, Graninger, Dawn, Herique, Alain, Herreros, Isabel, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Ivanovski, Stavro, Jutzi, Martin, Karatekin, Özgür, Lucchetti, Alice, Luther, Robert, Makadia, Rahil, Marzari, Francesco, Michel, Patrick, Murdoch, Naomi, Nakano, Ryota, Ormö, Jens, Pajola, Maurizio, Rivkin, Andrew S., Rossi, Alessandro, Sánchez, Paul, Schwartz, Stephen R., Soldini, Stefania, Souami, Damya, Stickle, Angela, Tortora, Paolo, Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M., Venditti, Flaviane, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, and Wünnemann, Kai

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) is the first full-scale test of an asteroid deflection technology. Results from the hypervelocity kinetic impact and Earth-based observations, coupled with LICIACube and the later Hera mission, will result in measurement of the momentum transfer efficiency accurate to ~10% and characterization of the Didymos binary system. But DART is a single experiment; how could these results be used in a future planetary defense necessity involving a different asteroid? We examine what aspects of Dimorphos's response to kinetic impact will be constrained by DART results; how these constraints will help refine knowledge of the physical properties of asteroidal materials and predictive power of impact simulations; what information about a potential Earth impactor could be acquired before a deflection effort; and how design of a deflection mission should be informed by this understanding. We generalize the momentum enhancement factor $\beta$, showing that a particular direction-specific $\beta$ will be directly determined by the DART results, and that a related direction-specific $\beta$ is a figure of merit for a kinetic impact mission. The DART $\beta$ determination constrains the ejecta momentum vector, which, with hydrodynamic simulations, constrains the physical properties of Dimorphos's near-surface. In a hypothetical planetary defense exigency, extrapolating these constraints to a newly discovered asteroid will require Earth-based observations and benefit from in-situ reconnaissance. We show representative predictions for momentum transfer based on different levels of reconnaissance and discuss strategic targeting to optimize the deflection and reduce the risk of a counterproductive deflection in the wrong direction., Comment: 30 pages, 7 figures. Planetary Science Journal, in press, accepted 2022 September 22

Published
2022

15. Predictions for the Dynamical States of the Didymos System before and after the Planned DART Impact

Author

Richardson, Derek C., Agrusa, Harrison F., Barbee, Brent, Bottke, William F., Cheng, Andrew F., Eggl, Siegfried, Ferrari, Fabio, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Karatekin, Özgür, McMahon, Jay, Schwartz, Stephen R., Ballouz, Ronald-Louis, Bagatin, Adriano Campo, Dotto, Elisabetta, Fahnestock, Eugene G., Fuentes-Muñoz, Oscar, Gkolias, Ioannis, Hamilton, Douglas P., Jacobson, Seth A., Jutzi, Martin, Lyzhoft, Josh, Makadia, Rahil, Meyer, Alex J., Michel, Patrick, Nakano, Ryota, Noiset, Guillaume, Raducan, Sabina D., Rambaux, Nicolas, Rossi, Alessandro, Sánchez, Paul, Scheeres, Daniel J., Soldini, Stefania, Stickle, Angela M., Tanga, Paolo, Tsiganis, Kleomenis, and Zhang, Yun

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft is planned to impact the natural satellite of (65803) Didymos, Dimorphos, around 23:14 UTC on 26 September 2022, causing a reduction in its orbital period that will be measurable with ground-based observations. This test of kinetic impactor technology will provide the first estimate of the momentum transfer enhancement factor $\beta$ at a realistic scale, wherein ejecta from the impact provides an additional deflection to the target. Earth-based observations, the LICIACube spacecraft (to be detached from DART prior to impact), and ESA's follow-up Hera mission to launch in 2024, will provide additional characterization of the deflection test. Together Hera and DART comprise the Asteroid Impact and Deflection Assessment (AIDA) cooperation between NASA and ESA. Here the predicted dynamical states of the binary system upon arrival and after impact are presented. The assumed dynamically relaxed state of the system will be excited by the impact, leading to an increase in eccentricity and slight tilt of the orbit together with enhanced libration of Dimorphos with amplitude dependent on the currently poorly known target shape. Free rotation around the moon's long axis may also be triggered and the orbital period will experience variations from seconds to minutes over timescales of days to months. Shape change of either body due to cratering or mass wasting triggered by crater formation and ejecta may affect $\beta$ but can be constrained through additional measurements. Both BYORP and gravity tides may cause measurable orbital changes on the timescale of Hera's rendezvous., Comment: 23 pages, 13 figures, published in PSJ

Published
2022
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16. Trajectory of Mini-Batch Momentum: Batch Size Saturation and Convergence in High Dimensions

Author

Lee, Kiwon, Cheng, Andrew N., Paquette, Courtney, and Paquette, Elliot

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Mathematics - Probability, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

We analyze the dynamics of large batch stochastic gradient descent with momentum (SGD+M) on the least squares problem when both the number of samples and dimensions are large. In this setting, we show that the dynamics of SGD+M converge to a deterministic discrete Volterra equation as dimension increases, which we analyze. We identify a stability measurement, the implicit conditioning ratio (ICR), which regulates the ability of SGD+M to accelerate the algorithm. When the batch size exceeds this ICR, SGD+M converges linearly at a rate of $\mathcal{O}(1/\sqrt{\kappa})$, matching optimal full-batch momentum (in particular performing as well as a full-batch but with a fraction of the size). For batch sizes smaller than the ICR, in contrast, SGD+M has rates that scale like a multiple of the single batch SGD rate. We give explicit choices for the learning rate and momentum parameter in terms of the Hessian spectra that achieve this performance.

Published
2022

17. Anomalous Flux in the Cosmic Optical Background Detected With New Horizons Observations

Author

Lauer, Tod R., Postman, Marc, Spencer, John R., Weaver, Harold A., Stern, S. Alan, Gladstone, G. Randall, Binzel, Richard P., Britt, Daniel T., Buie, Marc W., Buratti, Bonnie J., Cheng, Andrew F., Grundy, W. M., Horányi, Mihaly, Kavelaars, J. J., Linscott, Ivan R., Lisse, Carey M., McKinnon, William B., McNutt, Ralph L., Moore, Jeffrey M., Núñez, Jorge I., Olkin, Catherine B., Parker, Joel W., Porter, Simon B., Reuter, Dennis C., Robbins, Stuart J., Schenk, Paul M., Showalter, Mark R., Singer, Kelsi N., Verbiscer, Anne. J., and Young, Leslie A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We used New Horizons LORRI images to measure the optical-band ($0.4\lesssim\lambda\lesssim0.9{\rm\mu m}$) sky brightness within a high galactic-latitude field selected to have reduced diffuse scattered light from the Milky Way galaxy (DGL), as inferred from the IRIS all-sky $100~\mu$m map. We also selected the field to significantly reduce the scattered light from bright stars (SSL) outside the LORRI field. Suppression of DGL and SSL reduced the large uncertainties in the background flux levels present in our earlier New Horizons COB results. The raw total sky level, measured when New Horizons was 51.3 AU from the Sun, is $24.22\pm0.80{\rm ~nW ~m^{-2} ~sr^{-1}}.$ Isolating the COB contribution to the raw total required subtracting scattered light from bright stars and galaxies, faint stars below the photometric detection-limit within the field, and the hydrogen plus ionized-helium two-photon continua. This yielded a highly significant detection of the COB at ${\rm 16.37\pm 1.47 ~nW ~m^{-2} ~sr^{-1}}$ at the LORRI pivot wavelength of 0.608 $\mu$m. This result is in strong tension with the hypothesis that the COB only comprises the integrated light of external galaxies (IGL) presently known from deep HST counts. Subtraction of the estimated IGL flux from the total COB level leaves a flux component of unknown origin at ${\rm 8.06\pm1.92 ~nW ~m^{-2} ~sr^{-1}}.$ Its amplitude is equal to the IGL., Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters

Published
2022
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18. A bimodal distribution of haze in Pluto's atmosphere

Author

Fan, Siteng, Gao, Peter, Zhang, Xi, Adams, Danica J., Kutsop, Nicholas W., Bierson, Carver J., Liu, Chao, Yang, Jiani, Young, Leslie A., Cheng, Andrew F., and Yung, Yuk L.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Pluto, Titan, and Triton make up a unique class of solar system bodies, with icy surfaces and chemically reducing atmospheres rich in organic photochemistry and haze formation. Hazes play important roles in these atmospheres, with physical and chemical processes highly dependent on particle sizes, but the haze size distribution in reducing atmospheres is currently poorly understood. Here we report observational evidence that Pluto's haze particles are bimodally distributed, which successfully reproduces the full phase scattering observations from New Horizons. Combined with previous simulations of Titan's haze, this result suggests that haze particles in reducing atmospheres undergo rapid shape change near pressure levels ~0.5Pa and favors a photochemical rather than a dynamical origin for the formation of Titan's detached haze. It also demonstrates that both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres can produce multi-modal hazes, and encourages reanalysis of observations of hazes on Titan and Triton., Comment: Published in Nature Communications, 26 pages, 12 figures

Published
2022
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19. Hyperspectral Image Denoising Using Non-convex Local Low-rank and Sparse Separation with Spatial-Spectral Total Variation Regularization

Author

Peng, Chong, Liu, Yang, Chen, Yongyong, Wu, Xinxin, Cheng, Andrew, Kang, Zhao, Chen, Chenglizhao, and Cheng, Qiang

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

In this paper, we propose a novel nonconvex approach to robust principal component analysis for HSI denoising, which focuses on simultaneously developing more accurate approximations to both rank and column-wise sparsity for the low-rank and sparse components, respectively. In particular, the new method adopts the log-determinant rank approximation and a novel $\ell_{2,\log}$ norm, to restrict the local low-rank or column-wisely sparse properties for the component matrices, respectively. For the $\ell_{2,\log}$-regularized shrinkage problem, we develop an efficient, closed-form solution, which is named $\ell_{2,\log}$-shrinkage operator. The new regularization and the corresponding operator can be generally used in other problems that require column-wise sparsity. Moreover, we impose the spatial-spectral total variation regularization in the log-based nonconvex RPCA model, which enhances the global piece-wise smoothness and spectral consistency from the spatial and spectral views in the recovered HSI. Extensive experiments on both simulated and real HSIs demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in denoising HSIs.

Published
2022
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20. Stroke in critically ill patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19: Disparities between low-middle and high-income countries

Author

Al-Dabbous, Tala, Alfoudri, Huda, Shamsah, Mohammed, Alfroukh, Khadeejeh, Bairmani, Zinah Aqeel Abdulzahra, Khalid, Khalid Jehad, Abukhalaf, Salsabeel M.A., Hadhoud, Mohammed Maher, Abdrabo, Mohamed Fouad, Fathi, Mohamed, Alhouri, Hasan, Shahla, Dr Hamza, Alhadad, Qamrah, Hanan, Matly, Elapavaluru, Subbarao, Berg, Ashley, Horn, Christina, Abdelhalim, Ahmed Reda Mohamed Elsayed, Amer, Amro Essam, Elnaggar, Cinderella Omar Rageh, Hassan, Ahmed Ayman, Abdelaziz, Ali, Abdelhalim, Mohamed, Orabi, Yehia Samir Shaaban Aly, Alaraji, Zinah A., Muhaisen, Mo'nes R., Almasri, Lana, Mustafa, Dana, Hamdan, Shaher, Al-Saba'a, Yousef, Dalloul, Zaina, Alkahlout, Mohammed, Jaber, Hamza, Aldabbourosama, Osama, Abdalhadi, Alaa Abdalfattah, Hussein, Aliae AR Mohamed, Emad, Zarief Kamel, Khaled, Sarah, Mohamed, Nouralsabah, Hassanin, Ebtisam, Hamdi, Abdelhafeez, Gamal, May, Emad, Ahmed, Ragab, Abdelrahman, Azizeldin, Mohammed G, Hamza, Almthani, Omer, Alsarrah Ali Mohammed, Fadl alla, Asgad Osman Abdalla, Abdallahrs, Asia Atif Abdelrahman, Eltayeb, Aml Ahmed, Alhasan, Maali khalid mohamed abdalla, Abdelgaum, Esraa Hassan, Ahmed, Aya Mustafa, Abdulbaqi, Lamees Adil, Mohammedelhassan, Omer Abdullah, Ahmed, Musaab Mohammed Mohammed, Ali, Maha TagElser Mohammed, Mayasi, Yunis, Schroll, Stephan, Meyer, Dan, Velazco, Jorge, Ploskanych, Ludmyla, Fikes, Wanda, Bagewadi, Rohini, Dao, Marvin, White, Haley, Laviena, Alondra Berrios, Ehlers, Ashley, Shalabi-McGuire, Maysoon, Witt, Trent, Grazioli, Lorenzo, Lorini, Luca, Grandin, E. Wilson, Nunez, Jose, Reyes, Tiago, O'Briain, Diarmuid, Hunter, Stephanie, Ramanan, Mahesh, Affleck, Julia, Veerendra, Hemanth Hurkadli, Rai, Sumeet, Russell-Brown, Josie, Nourse, Mary, Joseph, Mark, Mitchell, Brook, Tenzer, Martha, Abe, Ryuzo, Cho, Hwa Jin, Jeong, In Seok, Rahman, Nadeem, Kakar, Vivek, Tamimi, Ahmed, Zabalawi, Diala, Elhennawi, Mohamed, Ghisulal, Praveen, Malik, Sadaf, Brozzi, Nicolas, Mehkri, Omar, Krishnan, Sudhir, Duggal, Abhijit, Houltham, Stuart, Graf, Jerónimo, Diaz, Roderigo, Orrego, Roderigo, Delgado, Camila, González, Joyce, Sanchez, Maria Soledad, Piagnerelli, Michael, Sarrazin, Josefa Valenzuela, Zabert, Prof. Gustavo, Espinosa, Lucio, Delgado, Paulo, Delgado, Victoria, Rincón, Diego Fernando Bautista, Yanten, Angela Maria Marulanda, Duque, Melissa Bustamante, Brodie, Daniel, Abouelmagd, Khaled, Elhazmi, Alyaa, Al-Hudaib, Abdullah, Javidfar, Jeff, Callahan, Maria, Dong, Andy, D'Orleans, Charles Crepy, Taufik, M. Azhari, Wardoyo, Elizabeth Yasmin, Gunawan, Margaretha, Trisnaningrum, Nurindah S, Irawany, Vera, Rayhan, Muhammad, Panigada, Mauro, Pesenti, Antonio, Zanella, Alberto, Grasselli, Giacomo, Colombo, Sebastiano, Martinet, Chiara, Florio, Gaetano, Antonelli, Massimo, Carelli, Simone, Grieco, Domenico L., Asaki, Motohiro, Hoshino, Kota, Salazar, Leonardo, Monsalve, Mary Alejandra Mendoza, Laffey, John, McNicholas, Bairbre, Cosgrave, David, Atif, Minha, Qutishat, Fadi, Laffey, Caoimhe, Van Der Walt, Michaeal, McCaffrey, Joseph, Bone, Allison, Trickey, Jemma, Horton, Michelle, Pearce, Stephanie, Salerno, Tania, Mohamed, Akram, Alhaddad, Salem, Bakeer, Baliad, Haitam, Shames, Shalabi, Laila, Ahmed, Mohammed Abodina, Hakeem, Yusuff, Winearls, James, Tallott, Mandy, Thomson, David, Joubert, Ivan, Arnold-Day, Christel, Piercy, Jenna, Smit, Richard van Zyl, Miller, Malcom, Seymour, Lisa, van Heyningen, Francois, Teyangesikayi, Gilbert, Fredericks, David, Hssain, Ali Ait, Aliudin, Jeffrey, Alqahtani, Al-Reem, Mohamed, Khoulod, Mohamed, Ahmed, Tan, Darwin, Villanueva, Joy, Zaqout, Ahmed, Labib, Ahmed, Kurtzman, Ethan, Ademi, Arben, Dobrita, Ana, Aoudi, Khadija El, Segura, Juliet, Giwangkancana, Gezy, Ohshimo, Shinichiro, Osatnik, Javier, Joosten, Anne, Torres, Antoni, Yang, Minlan, Motos, Ana, Luna, Carlos, Arancibia, Francisco, Williams, Virginie, Noel, Alexandre, Luque, Nestor, Fantini, Marina, García, Ruth Noemi Jorge, Alvarez, Enrique Chicote, Greti, Anna, Ceccato, Adrian, Sanchez, Angel, Vazquez, Ana Loza, Roche-Campo, Ferran, Franch-Llasat, Diego, Tuazon, Divina, Amato, Marcelo, Cassimiro, Luciana, Pola, Flavio, Ribeiro, Francis, Fonseca, Guilherme, Dalton, Heidi, Desai, Mehul, Osborn, Erik, Deeb, Hala, Arcadipane, Antonio, Martucci, Gennaro, Panarello, Giovanna, Vitiello, Stefano, Bianco, Claudia, Occhipinti, Giovanna, Rossetti, Matteo, Cuffaro, Raffaele, Siddig, Nidhal, Cho, Sung-Min, Whitman, Glenn, Sayed, Marwan El, Mokhtar, Walaa, El-Shenawy, Eslam, Shimizu, Hiroaki, Moriyama, Naoki, Kim, Jae-Burm, Kitamura, Nobuya, Gebauer, Johannes, Yokoyama, Toshiki, Al-Fares, Abdulrahman, Buabbas, Sarah, Alamad, Esam, Alawadhi, Fatma, Alawadi, Kalthoum, Khalefa, Mohamed Ahmed, Ajeel, Nourah Ahmad Abdulaziz Al, Aly, Mohammad Fathy, Al-Saleh, Abdullah, Naanouh, Abdullah, Elshourbgy, Alaa Mohammed, Gad, Mohamed Yousef, ElRazaz, Rania Mohamed, Khadadah, Ibrahim, Almumin, Ahmed Mohammed, Altarakma, Hala, Albannay, Hasan, Alsaleh, Mohammed Kh, Radwan, Mahmoud Saad Abdallah, Saadallah, Islam Ahmed, Tanaka, Hiro, Hashimoto, Satoru, Yamazaki, Masaki, Oh, Tak-Hyuck, Epler, Mark, Forney, Cathleen, Kruse, Louise, Feister, Jared, Williamson, Joelle, Grobengieser, Katherine, Gnall, Eric, Golden, Sasha, Caroline, Mara, Shapiro, Timothy, Karaj, Colleen, Thome, Lisa, Sher, Lynn, Vanderland, Mark, Welch, Mary, McDermott, Sherry, Brain, Matthew, Mineall, Sarah, Unwin, Maria, Chen, Lixian, Trezise, Tarnya, McKeon, Laurie, Kimura, Dai, Brazzi, Luca, Sales, Gabriele, Montrucchio, Giorgia, Ogston, Tawnya, Nagpal, Dave, Fischer, Karlee, Lorusso, Roberto, van Bussell, Bas, De Piero, Maria Elena, Mariani, Silvia, Rangappa, Dr Rajavardhan, Shetty, Dr Rajesh Mohan, P, Sujin Rai, Ganesan, Argin, Tharwat, Samar, Esperatti, Mariano, Fuentes, Nora Angélica, Gonzalez, Maria Eugenia, Carton, Edmund G., Sen, Ayan, Palacios, Amanda, Rainey, Deborah, Samoukoviv, Gordan, Campisi, Josie, Durham, Lucia, Neumann, Emily, Seefeldt, Cassandra, Falcucci, Octavio, Emmrich, Amanda, Guy, Jennifer, Johns, Carling, Potzner, Kelly, Zimmermann, Catherine, Espinal, Angelia, Buchtele, Nina, Schwameis, Michael, Korhnfehl, Andrea, Brock, Roman, Staudinger, Thomas, Stecher, Stephanie-Susanne, Barnikel, Michaela, Antón, Sófia, Pawlikowski, Alexandra, Zaaqoq, Akram, Galloway, Lan Anh, Merley, Caitlin, Muftah, Mohamed, Nichol, Alistair, Csete, Marc, Quesada, Luisa, Saba, Isabela, Kasugai, Daisuke, Hiraiwa, Hiroaki, Tanaka, Taku, Marwali, Eva, Purnama, Yoel, Dewayanti, Santi Rahayu, Ardiyan, Juzar, Dafsah Arifa, Siagian, Debby, Chen, Yih-Sharng, Aldhalia, Amer, Ogino, Mark, Nasa, Prashant, Matthew, Christina, Majeed, Nimisha Abdul, Hafez, Wael, Ratsep, Indrek, Post, Andra-Maris, Sillaots, Piret, Krund, Anneli, Lehiste, Merili-Helen, Lepik, Tanel, Manetta, Frank, Mihelis, Effe, Sarmiento, Iam Claire, Narasimhan, Mangala, Varrone, Michael, Komats, Mamoru, Garcia-Diaz, Julia, Harmon, Catherine, Satyapriya, S. Veena, Bhatt, Amar, Mokadam, Nahush A., Uribe, Alberto, Gonzalez, Alicia, Shi, Haixia, McKeown, Johnny, Pasek, Joshua, Fiorda, Juan, Echeverria, Marco, Moreno, Rita, Zakhary, Bishoy, Cavana, Marco, Cucino, Alberto, Foti, Giuseppe, Giani, Marco, Fumagalli, Benedetta, Chiumello, Davide, Castagna, Valentina, Dell'Amore, Andrea, Navalesi, Paolo, Shum, Hoi-Ping, Vuysteke, Alain, Usman, Asad, Acker, Andrew, Smood, Benjamin, Mergler, Blake, Sertic, Federico, Subramanian, Madhu, Sperry, Alexandra, Rizer, Nicolas, Burhan, Erlina, Rasmin, Menaldi, Akmal, Ernita, Sitompul, Faya, Lolong, Navy, Naivedh, Bhat, Erickson, Simon, Barrett, Peter, Dean, David, Daugherty, Julia, Loforte, Antonio, Khan, Irfan, Quraishi, Mohammed Abraar, DeSantis, Olivia, Nasrallah, Ahmad, So, Dominic, Kandamby, Darshana, Mandei, Jose M., Natanael, Hans, YudhaLantang, Eka, Lantang, Anastasia, Wijaya, Surya Oto, Jung, Anna, Ng, George, Ng, Wing Yiu, Ng, Pauline Yeung, Fang, Shu, Tabah, Alexis, Ratcliffe, Megan, Duroux, Maree, Alajeeli, Ahmed, Tarhabat, Ali, Adachi, Shingo, Nakao, Shota, Blanco, Pablo, Prieto, Ana, Sánchez, Jesús, Nicholson, Meghan, Butt, Warwick, Serratore, Alyssa, Delzoppo, Carmel, Janin, Pierre, Yarad, Elizabeth, Totaro, Richard, Coles, Jennifer, Pujo, Bambang, Balk, Robert, Vissing, Andy, Kapania, Esha, Hays, James, Fox, Samuel, Yantosh, Garrett, Mishin, Pavel, Adem, Safia, Yuliarto, Saptadi, Santoso, Kohar Hari, Djajalaksana, Susanthy, Fatoni, Arie Zainul, Fukuda, Masahiro, Liu, Keibun, Pelosi, Paolo, Battaglini, Denise, Robba, Chiara, Jiménez, Juan Fernando Masa, Bastos, Diego, Gaião, Sérgio, Rusmawatiningtyas, Desy, Cho, Young-Jae, Lee, Su Hwan, Kawasaki, Tatsuya, Munshi, Laveena, Sakiyalak, Pranya, Nitayavardhana, Prompak, Elagili, Mohamed Bashir, Salem, Talat Ahmed Abu, Seitz, Tamara, Arora, Rakesh, Kent, David, Marino, Daniel, Parwar, Swapnil, Cheng, Andrew, Miller, Jennene, Fujitani, Shigeki, Shimizu, Naoki, Madhok, Jai, Owyang, Clark, Buscher, Hergen, Reynolds, Claire, Abdurraouf, Abusalama, Kredan, Ali Abdulnasir, Haddud, Abdurrahman, Moharam, Saad, Maasikas, Olavi, Beljantsev, Aleksan, Mihnovits, Vladislav, Akimoto, Takako, Aizawa, Mariko, Horibe, Kanako, Onodera, Ryota, Hodgson, Carol, Burrell, Aidan, Young, Meredith, George, Timothy, Shekar, Kiran, McGuinness, Niki, Irvine, Lacey, Flynn, Brigid, Almjersah, Abdulrahman, Bakri, Ashraf, Endo, Tomoyuki, Sugiyama, Kazuhiro, Shimizu, Keiki, Fan, Eddy, Exconde, Kathleen, Ichiba, Shingo, Binnawara, Muhannud, Embarek, Hussein, Lussier, Leslie, Lotz, Gösta, Malfertheiner, Maximilian, Maier, Lars, Dreier, Esther, Kusumastuti, Neurinda Permata, McCloskey, Colin, Dabaliz, Al-Awwab, Elshazly, Tarek B, Smith, Josiah, Szuldrzynski, Konstanty S., Bielański, Piotr, Wille, Keith, Murthy, Srinivas, Parhar, Ken Kuljit S., Fiest, Kirsten M., Codan, Cassidy, Shahid, Anmol, Fayed, Mohamed, Evans, Timothy, Garcia, Rebekah, Gutierrez, Ashley, Song, Tae, Rose, Rebecca, Bennett, Suzanne, Richardson, Denise, Peek, Giles, Arora, Lovkesh, Rappapport, Kristina, Rudolph, Kristina, Sibenaller, Zita, Stout, Lori, Walter, Alicia, Herr, Daniel, Vedadi, Nazli, Bartlett, Robert, Thompson, Shaun, Hoffman, Julie, Ying, Xiaonan, Williams, Bailey, Sanchez, Emely, Akwani, Chika, Kennedy, Ryan, Elhadi, Muhammed, Griffee, Matthew, Mone, Mary, Ciullo, Anna, Kida, Yuri, Roca, Ricard Ferrer, Riera, JordI, Contreras, Sofia, Alegre, Cynthia, Kay, Christy, Fischer, Irene, Renner, Elizabeth, Taniguci, Hayato, Lee, James, Plotkin, Daniel, Citarella, Barbara Wanjiru, Merson, Laura, Hartley, Emma, Lubis, Bastian, Ikeyama, Takanari, Mortada, Alshaymaa, Alhamad, Ameen, Mechi, Ahmed, Nadar, Islam Mohsen Ali Mohamed Hassan, Alyasiri, Mohammed Saleh, Elsaid, Muhammed Zainab Alghali, Bhaskar, Balu, Jung, Jae-Seung, McGuinness, Shay, Eastwood, Glenn, Marta, Sandra Rossi, Guarracino, Fabio, Gerle, Stacy, Coxon, Emily, Claro, Bruno, Aldressi, Wafa, Eleisawy, Mahmoud, Osama, Hasnaa, Loverde, Daniel, Patil, Namrata, Parrini, Vieri, McBride, Angela, Negaard, Kathryn, Ratsch, Angela, Abdelaziz, Ahmad, Uribe, Juan David, Peris, Adriano, Sanders, Mark, Emerson, Dominic, Kamal, Muhammad, Faida, Hamza, Povoa, Pedro, Francis, Roland, Cherif, Ali, Joseph, Sunimol, Nardo, Matteo Di, Heard, Micheal, Kyle, Kimberly, Blackwell, Ray A, OUYAHIA, Amel, Biston, Patrick, Jeong, Hye Won, Smith, Reanna, Prawira, Yogi, Garcia, Arturo Huerta, Salterain, Nahikari, Meyns, Bart, Elnasser, Muhammed, Moreno, Marsha, Walia, Rajat, Mehta, Amit, Schweda, Annette, Williams, Melissa, Amkhatirah, Emad, Kim, Kyung Hoon, Assad, Alexandra, Giraldo, Estefania, Karolak, Wojtek, Balik, Martin, Pocock, Elizabeth, Gajkowski, Evan, Bedair, Mohamed, Masafumi, Kanamoto, Barrett, Nicholas, Takeyama, Yoshihiro, Park, Sunghoon, Amin, Faizan, Andriyani, Fina Meilyana, Sudakevych, Serhii, Schnur, Janos, Vera, Magdalena, Cornejo, Rodrigo, Schwarz, Patrícia, Mardini, Ana Carolina, de Paula, Thais, Neto, Ary Serpa, Villoldo, Andrea, Colafranceschi, Alexandre Siciliano, Iglesias, Alejandro Ubeda, Granjean, Juan, Melro, Lívia Maria Garcia, Romualdo, Giovana Fioravante, Gaia, Diego, Souza, Helmgton, Galas, Filomena, Mendiluce, Rafael Máñez, Sosa, Alejandra, Martinez, Ignacio, Kurosawa, Hiroshi, Almoshantaf, Mohammad Badr, Salgado, Juan, Hugi-Mayr, Beate, Charbonneau, Eric, Barzilai, Vitor Salvatore, Monteiro, Veronica, de Souza, Rodrigo Ribeiro, Harper, Michael, Suzuki, Hiroyuki, Adams, Celina, Brieva, Jorge, Khamees, Almu'atasim, Graige, Fadi, Supriatna, Moh, Nyale, George, Eltatar, Faisal Saleem, Fatani, Jihan, Baeissa, Husam, Masri, Ayman AL, Rabie, Ahmed, Hui, Mok Yee, Yamane, Masahiro, Jung, Hanna, Margaret, Ayorinde Mojisola, Nacpil, Newell, Ruck, Katja, Bakken, Rhonda, Jara, Claire, Felton, Tim, Berra, Lorenzo, Shah, Bobby, Chakraborty, Arpan, Cardona, Monika, Capatos, Gerry, Akkanti, Bindu, Orija, Abiodun, Jain, Harsh, Ito, Asami, Housni, Brahim, Low, Sennen, Iihara, Koji, Chavez, Joselito, Ramanathan, Kollengode, Zabert, Gustavo, Naidoo, Krubin, Seppelt, Ian, VanDyk, Marlice, MacDonald, Sarah, McGregor, Randy, Siebenaler, Teka, Flynn, Hannah, Lofton, Kristi, Aokage, Toshiyuki, Kvirkvelia, Bakar, Shigemitsu, Kazuaki, Moscatelli, Andrea, Fiorentino, Giuseppe, Baumgaertel, Matthias, Mba, Serge Eddy, Assy, Jana, Hutahaean, Amelya, Roush, Holly, Sichting, Kay A, Alessandri, Francesco, Burns, Debra, Alkhubouli, Taha Husayn, Salt, Gavin, Garabedian, Carl P., Millar, Jonathan, Sim, Malcolm, Mattke, Adrian, McAuley, Danny, Tadili, Jawad, Frenzel, Tim, Abuleil, Amro, Bar-Lavie, Yaron, Ortiz, Aaron Blandino, Stone, Jackie, Attokaran, Antony, Farquharson, Michael, Patel, Brij, Gunning, Derek, Baillie, Kenneth, Watson, Pia, Tamai, Kenji, Saaid, Ayoub, Anania, Pasquale, Sajinadiyasa, Gede Ketut, Kanyawati, Dyah, Salgado, Marcello, Sassine, Assad, Yudo, Bhirowo, McCaul, Scott, Lee, Bongjin, Lee, Sang Min, Afek, Arnon, Fattouh, Shimaa E, Iwashita, Yoshiaki, Fadlalmola, Hammad, Semedi, Bambang Pujo, Mansour, Noureldin Mohamed, Metiva, Jack, Van Belle, Nicole, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Al-Sadawi, Dr Mohammed, Kirakli, Cenk, Shimaa, Al-Touny, Ivatt, Lenny, Woon, Chia Yew, Kang, Hyun Mi, Smith, Timothy, James, Erskine, Al-Rawas, Nawar, Iwasaki, Yudai, Ashour, Hamza, King-Chung, Kenny Chan, Gudzenko, Vadim, Taccone, Fabio, Perdhana, Fajar, Lamarche, Yoan, Ribeiro, Joao Miguel, Bradic, Nikola, Van den Bossche, Klaartje, Lansink, Oude, Singh, Gurmeet, Debeuckelaere, Gerdy, Stelfox, Henry T., Yi, Cassia, Elia, Jennifer, Tribble, Thomas, Shankar, Shyam, Padmanabhan, Raj, Hallinan, Bill, Paoletti, Luca, Leyva, Yolanda, Fykuda, Tatuma, Badulak, Jenelle, Koch, Jillian, Janowaik, Lisa, Hackman, Amy, Hernandez, Deb, Osofsky, Jennifer, Donadello, Katia, Lawang, Aizah, Fine, Josh, Davidson, Benjamin, Vazquez, Andres Oswaldo Razo, Abdehaleem, Ibrahim, Kelly, Thu-Lan, Fanning, Jonathon, Premraj, Lavienraj, Porto, Diego Bastos, White, Nicole M., Bassi, Gianluigi Li, Suen, Jacky, and Fraser, John F.

Published
2024
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21. The Excited Spin State of Dimorphos Resulting from the DART Impact

Author

Agrusa, Harrison F., Gkolias, Ioannis, Tsiganis, Kleomenis, Richardson, Derek C., Meyer, Alex J., Scheeres, Daniel J., Ćuk, Matija, Jacobson, Seth A., Michel, Patrick, Karatekin, Özgür, Cheng, Andrew F., Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Zhang, Yun, Fahnestock, Eugene G., and Davis, Alex B.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission is a planetary defense-driven test of a kinetic impactor on Dimorphos, the satellite of the binary asteroid 65803 Didymos. DART will intercept Dimorphos at a relative speed of ${\sim}6.5 \text{ km s}^{-1}$, perturbing Dimorphos's orbital velocity and changing the binary orbital period. We present three independent methods (one analytic and two numerical) to investigate the post-impact attitude stability of Dimorphos as a function of its axial ratios, $a/b$ and $b/c$ ($a \ge b \ge c$), and the momentum transfer efficiency $\beta$. The first method uses a novel analytic approach in which we assume a circular orbit and a point-mass primary that identifies four fundamental frequencies of motion corresponding to the secondary's mean motion, libration, precession, and nutation frequencies. At resonance locations among these four frequencies, we find that attitude instabilities are possible. Using two independent numerical codes, we recover many of the resonances predicted by the analytic model and indeed show attitude instability. With one code, we use fast Lyapunov indicators to show that the secondary's attitude can evolve chaotically near the resonance locations. Then, using a high-fidelity numerical model, we find that Dimorphos enters a chaotic tumbling state near the resonance locations and is especially prone to unstable rotation about its long axis, which can be confirmed by ESA's Hera mission arriving at Didymos in late 2026. We also show that a fully coupled treatment of the spin and orbital evolution of both bodies is crucial to accurately model the long-term evolution of the secondary's spin state and libration amplitude. Finally, we discuss the implications of a post-impact tumbling or rolling state, including the possibility of terminating BYORP evolution if Dimorphos is no longer in synchronous rotation., Comment: 38 pages, 13 figures, Accepted for publication in Icarus

Published
2021
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24. The NHLBI Study on Long-terM OUtcomes after the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children (MUSIC): Design and Objectives

Author

Truong, Dongngan T, Trachtenberg, Felicia L, Pearson, Gail D, Dionne, Audrey, Elias, Matthew D, Friedman, Kevin, Hayes, Kerri H, Mahony, Lynn, McCrindle, Brian W, Oster, Matthew E, Pemberton, Victoria, Powell, Andrew J, Russell, Mark W, Shekerdemian, Lara S, Son, Mary Beth, Taylor, Michael, Newburger, Jane W, Investigators, for the MUSIC Study, Giglia, Therese M, McHugh, Kimberly E, Atz, Andrew M, Pletzer, Scott A, Lang, Sean M, Payne, R Mark, Patel, Jyoti K, Pignatelli, Ricardo H, Sexson, Kristen, Lam, Christopher, Dragulescu, Andreea, Young, Rae SM, Gamulka, Beth, Krishnan, Anita, Anderson, Brett R, Farooqi, Kanwal M, Shakti, Divya, Parnell, Aimee S, Osakwe, Onyekachukwu J, Sykes, Michelle C, Morgan, Lerraughn, Owada, Carl Y, Forsha, Daniel, Carr, Michael R, Watanabe, Kae, Portman, Michael A, Dummer, Kristen B, Burns, Jane C, Tremoulet, Adriana H, Sharma, Kavita, Jone, Pei-Ni, Heizer, Michelle Hite Heather, Hasbani, Keren, Srivastava, Shubhika, Mitchell, Elizabeth C, Hebson, Camden L, Szmuszkovicz, Jacqueline R, Wong, Pierre C, Cheng, Andrew L, Votava-Smith, Jodie K, Wang, Shuo, Mohandas, Sindhu, Singh, Gautam K, Aggarwal, Sanjeev, Sanil, Yamuna, Bradford, Tamara T, Muniz, Juan Carlos G, Li, Jennifer S, Campbell, Michael Jay, Handler, Stephanie S, Shea, J Ryan, Hoffman, Timothy M, Franklin, Wayne J, Sabati, Arash A, Nowlen, Todd T, and Chrisant, Maryanne

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Heart Disease, Biomedical Imaging, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Cardiovascular, Clinical Research, Prevention, Pediatric, Patient Safety, Adult, COVID-19, Child, Heart, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.), SARS-CoV-2, Stroke Volume, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, United States, Ventricular Function, Left, Young Adult, MUSIC Study Investigators, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Public Health and Health Services, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Abstract

BackgroundThe Long-terM OUtcomes after the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children (MUSIC) study aims to characterize the frequency and time course of acute and long-term cardiac and non-cardiac sequelae in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C), which are currently poorly understood.MethodsThis multicenter observational cohort study will enroll at least 600 patients

Published
2022

26. An integrated multi-omic analysis of iPSC-derived motor neurons from C9ORF72 ALS patients

Author

Consortium, The NeuroLINCS, Phatnani, Hemali, Kwan, Justin, Sareen, Dhruv, Broach, James R, Simmons, Zachary, Arcila-Londono, Ximena, Lee, Edward B, Van Deerlin, Vivianna M, Shneider, Neil A, Fraenkel, Ernest, Ostrow, Lyle W, Baas, Frank, Zaitlen, Noah, Berry, James D, Malaspina, Andrea, Fratta, Pietro, Cox, Gregory A, Thompson, Leslie M, Finkbeiner, Steve, Dardiotis, Efthimios, Miller, Timothy M, Chandran, Siddharthan, Pal, Suvankar, Hornstein, Eran, MacGowan, Daniel J, Heiman-Patterson, Terry, Hammell, Molly G, Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A, Butovsky, Oleg, Dubnau, Joshua, Nath, Avindra, Bowser, Robert, Harms, Matt, Poss, Mary, Phillips-Cremins, Jennifer, Crary, John, Atassi, Nazem, Lange, Dale J, Adams, Darius J, Stefanis, Leonidas, Gotkine, Marc, Baloh, Robert H, Babu, Suma, Raj, Towfique, Paganoni, Sabrina, Shalem, Ophir, Smith, Colin, Zhang, Bin, Harris, Brent, Broce, Iris, Drory, Vivian, Ravits, John, McMillan, Corey, Menon, Vilas, Wu, Lani, Altschuler, Steven, Li, Jonathan, Lim, Ryan G, Kaye, Julia A, Dardov, Victoria, Coyne, Alyssa N, Wu, Jie, Milani, Pamela, Cheng, Andrew, Thompson, Terri G, Ornelas, Loren, Frank, Aaron, Adam, Miriam, Banuelos, Maria G, Casale, Malcolm, Cox, Veerle, Escalante-Chong, Renan, Daigle, J Gavin, Gomez, Emilda, Hayes, Lindsey, Holewenski, Ronald, Lei, Susan, Lenail, Alex, Lima, Leandro, Mandefro, Berhan, Matlock, Andrea, Panther, Lindsay, Patel-Murray, Natasha Leanna, Pham, Jacqueline, Ramamoorthy, Divya, Sachs, Karen, Shelley, Brandon, Stocksdale, Jennifer, Trost, Hannah, Wilhelm, Mark, Venkatraman, Vidya, Wassie, Brook T, Wyman, Stacia, Yang, Stephanie, Consortium, NYGC ALS, Van Eyk, Jennifer E, Lloyd, Thomas E, and Finkbeiner, Steven

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Neurodegenerative, Clinical Research, ALS, Stem Cell Research, Rare Diseases, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell, Brain Disorders, Neurosciences, Dementia, Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Neurological, Good Health and Well Being, NeuroLINCS Consortium, NYGC ALS Consortium, Biological sciences, Neuroscience, Omics, Systems biology, Systems neuroscience
Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases are challenging for systems biology because of the lack of reliable animal models or patient samples at early disease stages. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could address these challenges. We investigated DNA, RNA, epigenetics, and proteins in iPSC-derived motor neurons from patients with ALS carrying hexanucleotide expansions in C9ORF72. Using integrative computational methods combining all omics datasets, we identified novel and known dysregulated pathways. We used a C9ORF72 Drosophila model to distinguish pathways contributing to disease phenotypes from compensatory ones and confirmed alterations in some pathways in postmortem spinal cord tissue of patients with ALS. A different differentiation protocol was used to derive a separate set of C9ORF72 and control motor neurons. Many individual -omics differed by protocol, but some core dysregulated pathways were consistent. This strategy of analyzing patient-specific neurons provides disease-related outcomes with small numbers of heterogeneous lines and reduces variation from single-omics to elucidate network-based signatures.

Published
2021

27. New Horizons Observations of the Cosmic Optical Background

Author

Lauer, Tod R., Postman, Marc, Weaver, Harold A., Spencer, John R., Stern, S. Alan, Buie, Marc W., Durda, Daniel D., Lisse, Carey M., Poppe, A. R., Binzel, Richard P., Britt, Daniel T., Buratti, Bonnie J., Cheng, Andrew F., Grundy, W. M., Kavelaars, Mihaly Horanyi J. J., Linscott, Ivan R., McKinnon, William B., Moore, Jeffrey M., Nuñez, J. I., Olkin, Catherine B., Parker, Joel W., Porter, Simon B., Reuter, Dennis C., Robbins, Stuart J., Schenk, Paul, Showalter, Mark R., Singer, Kelsi N., Verbiscer, Anne. J., and Young, Leslie A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We used existing data from the New Horizons LORRI camera to measure the optical-band ($0.4\lesssim\lambda\lesssim0.9{\rm\mu m}$) sky brightness within seven high galactic latitude fields. The average raw level measured while New Horizons was 42 to 45 AU from the Sun is $33.2\pm0.5{\rm ~nW ~m^{-2} ~sr^{-1}}.$ This is $\sim10\times$ darker than the darkest sky accessible to the {\it Hubble Space Telescope}, highlighting the utility of New Horizons for detecting the cosmic optical background (COB). Isolating the COB contribution to the raw total requires subtracting scattered light from bright stars and galaxies, faint stars below the photometric detection-limit within the fields, and diffuse Milky Way light scattered by infrared cirrus. We remove newly identified residual zodiacal light from the IRIS $100\mu$m all sky maps to generate two different estimates for the diffuse galactic light (DGL). Using these yields a highly significant detection of the COB in the range ${\rm 15.9\pm 4.2\ (1.8~stat., 3.7~sys.) ~nW ~m^{-2} ~sr^{-1}}$ to ${\rm 18.7\pm 3.8\ (1.8~stat., 3.3 ~sys.)~ nW ~m^{-2} ~sr^{-1}}$ at the LORRI pivot wavelength of 0.608 $\mu$m. Subtraction of the integrated light of galaxies (IGL) fainter than the photometric detection-limit from the total COB level leaves a diffuse flux component of unknown origin in the range ${\rm 8.8\pm4.9\ (1.8 ~stat., 4.5 ~sys.) ~nW ~m^{-2} ~sr^{-1}}$ to ${\rm 11.9\pm4.6\ (1.8 ~stat., 4.2 ~sys.) ~nW ~m^{-2} ~sr^{-1}}$. Explaining it with undetected galaxies requires the galaxy-count faint-end slope to steepen markedly at $V>24$ or that existing surveys are missing half the galaxies with $V< 30.$, Comment: 32 pages, 20 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2020
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28. DART Mission Determination of Momentum Transfer: Model of Ejecta Plume Observations

Author

Cheng, Andrew F., Stickle, Angela M., Fahnestock, Eugene G., Dotto, Elisabetta, Della Corte, Vincenzo, Chabot, Nancy L., and Rivkin, Andrew S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft will impact the secondary member of the [65803] Didymos binary in order to perform the first demonstration of asteroid deflection by kinetic impact. Determination of the momentum transfer to the target body from the kinetic impact is a primary planetary defense objective, using ground-based telescopic observations of the orbital period change of Didymos and imaging of the DART impact ejecta plume by the LICIACube cubesat, along with modeling and simulation of the DART impact. LICIACube, contributed by the Italian Space Agency, will perform a flyby of Didymos a few minutes after the DART impact, to resolve the ejecta plume spatial structure and to study the temporal evolution. LICIACube ejecta plume images will help determine the vector momentum transfer from the DART impact, by determining or constraining the direction and the magnitude of the momentum carried by ejecta. A model is developed for the impact ejecta plume optical depth, using a point source scaling model of the DART impact. The model is applied to expected LICIACube plume images and shows how plume images enable characterization of the ejecta mass versus velocity distribution. The ejecta plume structure, as it evolves over time, is determined by the amount of ejecta that has reached a given altitude at a given time. The evolution of the plume optical depth profiles determined from LICIACube images can distinguish between strength-controlled and gravity-controlled impacts, by distinguishing the respective mass versus velocity distributions. LICIACube plume images discriminate the differences in plume structure and evolution that result from different target physical properties, mainly strength and porosity, thereby allowing inference of these properties to improve the determination of momentum transfer., Comment: 45 pages, 16 figures. Accepted by Icarus

Published
2020
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30. Photometry of Kuiper Belt Object (486958) Arrokoth from New Horizons LORRI

Author

Hofgartner, Jason D., Buratti, Bonnie J., Benecchi, Susan D., Beyer, Ross A., Cheng, Andrew, Keane, James T., Lauer, Tod R., Olkin, Catherine B., Parker, Joel W., Singer, Kelsi N., Spencer, John R., Stern, S. Alan, Verbiscer, Anne J., Weaver, Harold A., Geology, New Horizons, Team, Geophysics, and Team, New Horizons LORRI

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

On January 1st 2019, the New Horizons spacecraft flew by the classical Kuiper belt object (486958) Arrokoth (provisionally designated 2014 MU69), possibly the most primitive object ever explored by a spacecraft. The I/F of Arrokoth is analyzed and fit with a photometric function that is a linear combination of the Lommel-Seeliger (lunar) and Lambert photometric functions. Arrokoth has a geometric albedo of p_V = 0.21_(-0.04)^(+0.05) at a wavelength of 550 nm and ~0.24 at 610 nm. Arrokoth's geometric albedo is greater than the median but consistent with a distribution of cold classical Kuiper belt objects whose geometric albedos were determined by fitting a thermal model to radiometric observations. Thus, Arrokoth's geometric albedo adds to the orbital and spectral evidence that it is a cold classical Kuiper belt object. Maps of the normal reflectance and hemispherical albedo of Arrokoth are presented. The normal reflectance of Arrokoth's surface varies with location, ranging from ~0.10-0.40 at 610 nm with an approximately Gaussian distribution. Both Arrokoth's extrema dark and extrema bright surfaces are correlated to topographic depressions. Arrokoth has a bilobate shape and the two lobes have similar normal reflectance distributions: both are approximately Gaussian, peak at ~0.25 at 610 nm, and range from ~0.10-0.40, which is consistent with co-formation and co-evolution of the two lobes. The hemispherical albedo of Arrokoth varies substantially with both incidence angle and location, the average hemispherical albedo at 610 nm is 0.063 +/- 0.015. The Bond albedo of Arrokoth at 610 nm is 0.062 +/- 0.015., Comment: In press in Icarus

Published
2020
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31. Genome-wide association study of early-onset bipolar I disorder in the Han Taiwanese population.

Author

Wu, Lawrence Shih-Hsin, Huang, Ming-Chyi, Fann, Cathy Shen-Jang, Lane, Hsien-Yuan, Kuo, Chian-Jue, Chiu, Wei-Che, Kwok, Pui-Yan, and Cheng, Andrew Tai-Ann

Subjects
Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Psychology
Abstract

The search for susceptibility genes underlying the heterogeneous bipolar disorder has been inconclusive, often with irreproducible results. There is a hope that narrowing the phenotypes will increase the power of genetic analysis. Early-onset bipolar disorder is thought to be a genetically homogeneous subtype with greater symptom severity. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for this subtype in bipolar I (BPI) disorder. Study participants included 1779 patients of Han Chinese descent with BPI disorder recruited by the Taiwan Bipolar Consortium. We conducted phenotype assessment using the Chinese version of the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry and prepared a life chart with graphic depiction of lifetime clinical course for each of the BPI patient recruited. The assessment of onset age was based on this life chart with early onset defined as ≤20 years of age. We performed GWAS in a discovery group of 516 early-onset and 790 non-early-onset BPI patients, followed by a replication study in an independent group of 153 early-onset and 320 non-early-onset BPI patients and a meta-analysis with these two groups. The SNP rs11127876, located in the intron of CADM2, showed association with early-onset BPI in the discovery cohort (P = 7.04 × 10-8) and in the test of replication (P = 0.0354). After meta-analysis, this SNP was demonstrated to be a new genetic locus in CADM2 gene associated with early-onset BPI disorder (P = 5.19 × 10-8).

Published
2021

32. Safety and efficacy of once-weekly efruxifermin versus placebo in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (HARMONY): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial

Author

Harrison, Stephen A, Frias, Juan P, Neff, Guy, Abrams, Gary A, Lucas, K Jean, Sanchez, William, Gogia, Sudhanshu, Sheikh, Muhammed Y, Behling, Cynthia, Bedossa, Pierre, Shao, Lan, Chan, Doreen, Fong, Erica, de Temple, Brittany, Shringarpure, Reshma, Tillman, Erik J, Rolph, Timothy, Cheng, Andrew, and Yale, Kitty

Published
2023
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34. Fully‑automated deep‑learning segmentation of pediatric cardiovascular magnetic resonance of patients with complex congenital heart diseases.

Author

Karimi-Bidhendi, Saeed, Arafati, Arghavan, Cheng, Andrew L, Wu, Yilei, Kheradvar, Arash, and Jafarkhani, Hamid

Subjects
CMR image analysis, Complex CHD analysis, Deep learning, Fully convolutional networks, Generative adversarial networks, Machine learning, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Abstract

BackgroundFor the growing patient population with congenital heart disease (CHD), improving clinical workflow, accuracy of diagnosis, and efficiency of analyses are considered unmet clinical needs. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging offers non-invasive and non-ionizing assessment of CHD patients. However, although CMR data facilitates reliable analysis of cardiac function and anatomy, clinical workflow mostly relies on manual analysis of CMR images, which is time consuming. Thus, an automated and accurate segmentation platform exclusively dedicated to pediatric CMR images can significantly improve the clinical workflow, as the present work aims to establish.MethodsTraining artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for CMR analysis requires large annotated datasets, which are not readily available for pediatric subjects and particularly in CHD patients. To mitigate this issue, we devised a novel method that uses a generative adversarial network (GAN) to synthetically augment the training dataset via generating synthetic CMR images and their corresponding chamber segmentations. In addition, we trained and validated a deep fully convolutional network (FCN) on a dataset, consisting of [Formula: see text] pediatric subjects with complex CHD, which we made publicly available. Dice metric, Jaccard index and Hausdorff distance as well as clinically-relevant volumetric indices are reported to assess and compare our platform with other algorithms including U-Net and cvi42, which is used in clinics.ResultsFor congenital CMR dataset, our FCN model yields an average Dice metric of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for LV at end-diastole and end-systole, respectively, and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for RV at end-diastole and end-systole, respectively. Using the same dataset, the cvi42, resulted in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for LV and RV at end-diastole and end-systole, and the U-Net architecture resulted in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for LV and RV at end-diastole and end-systole, respectively.ConclusionsThe chambers' segmentation results from our fully-automated method showed strong agreement with manual segmentation and no significant statistical difference was found by two independent statistical analyses. Whereas cvi42 and U-Net segmentation results failed to pass the t-test. Relying on these outcomes, it can be inferred that by taking advantage of GANs, our method is clinically relevant and can be used for pediatric and congenital CMR segmentation and analysis.

Published
2020

35. Artificial intelligence in pediatric and adult congenital cardiac MRI: an unmet clinical need.

Author

Arafati, Arghavan, Hu, Peng, Finn, J Paul, Rickers, Carsten, Cheng, Andrew L, Jafarkhani, Hamid, and Kheradvar, Arash

Subjects
Cardiac MRI, artificial intelligence, cardiac segmentation, congenital heart disease, deep learning, Bioengineering, Biomedical Imaging, Cardiovascular, Heart Disease, Pediatric, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis
Abstract

Cardiac MRI (CMR) allows non-invasive, non-ionizing assessment of cardiac function and anatomy in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). The utility of CMR as a non-invasive imaging tool for evaluation of CHD have been growing exponentially over the past decade. The algorithms based on artificial intelligence (AI), and in particular, deep learning, have rapidly become a methodology of choice for analyzing CMR. A wide range of applications for AI have been developed to tackle challenges in various aspects of CMR, and significant advances have also been made from image acquisition to image analysis and diagnosis. We include an overview of AI definitions, different architectures, and details on well-known methods. This paper reviews the major deep learning concepts used for analyses of patients with CHD. In the end, we have summarized a list of open challenges and concerns to be considered for future studies.

Published
2019

38. LBO-002 Efruxifermin significantly reduced liver fibrosis in MASH patients with F2-F3 fibrosis, with sustained improvement in liver injury and resolution of steatohepatitis over 96 weeks (HARMONY phase 2b study)

Author

Harrison, Stephen A., primary, Frias, Juan P, additional, Neff, Guy, additional, Abrams, Gary, additional, Lucas, Kathryn Jean, additional, Sanchez, William, additional, Gogia, Sudhanshu, additional, Sheikh, Muhammad Y, additional, Behling, Cynthia, additional, Bedossa, Pierre, additional, Shao, Lan, additional, Chan, Doreen, additional, Fong, Erica, additional, de Temple, Brittany, additional, Minerva, Matthew, additional, Barrett, Kimberly, additional, Shringarpure, Reshma, additional, Tillman, Erik, additional, Rolph, Tim, additional, Cheng, Andrew, additional, Ratziu, Vlad, additional, and Yale, Kitty, additional

Published
2024
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40. Dimorphos’s Orbit Period Change and Attitude Perturbation due to Its Reshaping after the DART Impact

Author

Nakano, Ryota, primary, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, additional, Raducan, Sabina D., additional, Pravec, Petr, additional, Naidu, Shantanu P., additional, Agrusa, Harrison F., additional, Chesley, Steven, additional, Ferrari, Fabio, additional, Jutzi, Martin, additional, Merrill, Colby C., additional, Meyer, Alex J., additional, Michel, Patrick, additional, Richardson, Derek C., additional, Sánchez, Paul, additional, Scheirich, Peter, additional, Schwartz, Stephen R., additional, Zhang, Yun, additional, Bagatin, Adriano Campo, additional, Liu, Po-Yen, additional, and Cheng, Andrew F., additional

Published
2024
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42. DART Impact Ejecta Plume Evolution: Implications for Dimorphos

Author

Cheng, Andrew F., primary, Raducan, S. D., additional, Jutzi, M., additional, Farnham, T. L., additional, Dotto, E., additional, Della Corte, V., additional, Mazzotta Epifani, E., additional, Rossi, A., additional, Gai, I., additional, Deshapriya, J., additional, Hasselmann, P., additional, Bertini, I., additional, Zinzi, A., additional, Ivanovski, S., additional, Brucato, J., additional, Poggiali, Giovanni, additional, Lucchetti, A., additional, Pajola, M., additional, Zanotti, G., additional, Amoroso, M., additional, Capannolo, A., additional, Cremonese, G., additional, Dall’Ora, M., additional, Ieva, S., additional, Impresario, G., additional, Lavagna, M., additional, Modenini, D., additional, Palumbo, P., additional, Perna, D., additional, Pirrotta, S., additional, Tortora, P., additional, and Zannoni, M., additional

Published
2024
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45. Great Expectations: Plans and Predictions for New Horizons Encounter with Kuiper Belt Object 2014 MU69 ('Ultima Thule')

Author

Moore, Jeffrey M., McKinnon, William B., Cruikshank, Dale P., Gladstone, G. Randall, Spencer, John R., Stern, S. Alan, Weaver, Harold A., Singer, Kelsi N., Showalter, Mark R., Grundy, William M., Beyer, Ross A., White, Oliver L., Binzel, Richard P., Buie, Marc W., Buratti, Bonnie J., Cheng, Andrew F., Howett, Carly, Olkin, Cathy B., Parker, Alex H., Porter, Simon B., Schenk, Paul M., Throop, Henry B., Verbiscer, Anne J., Young, Leslie A., Benecchi, Susan D., Bray, Veronica J., Chavez, Carrie. L., Dhingra, Rajani D., Howard, Alan D., Lauer, Tod R., Lisse, C. M., Robbins, Stuart J., Runyon, Kirby D., and Umurhan, Orkan M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The New Horizons encounter with the cold classical Kuiper Belt object (KBO) 2014 MU69 (informally named 'Ultima Thule,' hereafter Ultima) on 1 January 2019 will be the first time a spacecraft has ever closely observed one of the free-orbiting small denizens of the Kuiper Belt. Related to but not thought to have formed in the same region of the Solar System as the comets that been explored so far, it will also be the largest, most distant, and most primitive body yet visited by spacecraft. In this letter we begin with a brief overview of cold classical KBOs, of which Ultima is a prime example. We give a short preview of our encounter plans. We note what is currently known about Ultima from earth-based observations. We then review our expectations and capabilities to evaluate Ultima's composition, surface geology, structure, near space environment, small moons, rings, and the search for activity.

Published
2018
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46. The Lyman-{\alpha} Sky Background as Observed by New Horizons

Author

Gladstone, G. Randall, Pryor, Wayne R., Stern, S. Alan, Ennico, Kimberly, Olkin, Catherine B., Spencer, John R., Weaver, Harold A., Young, Leslie A., Bagenal, Fran, Cheng, Andrew F., Cunningham, Nathaniel J., Elliott, Heather A, Greathouse, Thomas K., Hinson, David P., Kammer, Joshua A., Linscott, Ivan R., Parker, Joel Wm., Retherford, Kurt D., Steffl, Andrew J., Strobel, Darrell F., Summers, Michael E., Throop, Henry, Versteeg, Maarten H., Davis, Michael W., and Team, the New Horizons Science

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Recent observations of interplanetary medium (IPM) atomic hydrogen Lyman-{\alpha} (Ly{\alpha}) emission in the outer solar system, made with the Alice ultraviolet spectrograph on New Horizons (NH), are presented. The observations include regularly spaced great-circle scans of the sky and pointed observations near the downstream and upstream flow directions of interstellar H atoms. The NH Alice data agree very well with the much earlier Voyager UVS results, after these are reduced by a factor of 2.4 in brightness, in accordance with recent re-analyses. In particular, the falloff of IPM Ly{\alpha} brightness in the upstream-looking direction as a function of spacecraft distance from the Sun is well-matched by an expected 1/r dependence, but with an added constant brightness of ~40 Rayleighs. This additional brightness is a possible signature of the hydrogen wall at the heliopause or of a more distant background. Ongoing observations are planned at a cadence of roughly twice per year., Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in Geophys. Res. Lett

Published
2018
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47. Hemorrhage, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy, and Thrombosis Complications Among Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: An International COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium Study

Author

Fanning, Jonathon P., Weaver, Natasha, Fanning, Robert B., Griffee, Matthew J., Cho, Sung-Min, Panigada, Mauro, Obonyo, Nchafatso G., Zaaqoq, Akram M., Rando, Hannah, Chia, Yew Woon, Fan, Bingwen Eugene, Sela, Declan, Chiumello, Davide, Coppola, Silvia, Labib, Ahmed, Whitman, Glenn J. R., Arora, Rakesh C., Kim, Bo S., Motos, Anna, Torres, Antoni, Barbé, Ferran, Grasselli, Giacomo, Zanella, Alberto, Etchill, Eric, Usman, Asad Ali, Feth, Maximilian, White, Nicole M., Suen, Jacky Y., Li Bassi, Gianluigi, Peek, Giles J., Fraser, John F., Dalton, Heidi, Al-Dabbous, Tala, Alfoudri, Huda, Shamsah, Mohammed, Elapavaluru, Subbarao, Berg, Ashley, Horn, Christina, Mayasi, Yunis, Schroll, Stephan, Meyer, Dan, Velazco, Jorge, Ploskanych, Ludmyla, Fikes, Wanda, Bagewadi, Rohini, Dao, Marvin, White, Haley, Berrios Laviena, Alondra, Ehlers, Ashley, Shalabi-McGuire, Maysoon, Witt, Trent, Grazioli, Lorenzo, Lorini, Luca, Wilson Grandin, E., Nunez, Jose, Reyes, Tiago, O’Briain, Diarmuid, Hunter, Stephanie, Ramanan, Mahesh, Affleck, Julia, Hurkadli Veerendra, Hemanth, Rai, Sumeet, Russell-Brown, Josie, Nourse, Mary, Joseph, Mark, Mitchell, Brook, Tenzer, Martha, Abe, Ryuzo, Jin Cho, Hwa, Seok Jeong, In, Rahman, Nadeem, Kakar, Vivek, Brozzi, Nicolas, Mehkri, Omar, Krishnan, Sudhir, Duggal, Abhijit, Houltham, Stuart, Graf, Jerónimo, Diaz, Roderigo, Orrego, Roderigo, Delgado, Camila, González, Joyce, Soledad Sanchez, Maria, Piagnerelli, Michael, Valenzuela Sarrazin, Josefa, Zabert, Gustavo, Espinosa, Lucio, Delgado, Paulo, Delgado, Victoria, Rincón, Diego Fernando Bautista, Yanten, Angela Maria Marulanda, Bustamante Duque, Melissa, Brodie, Daniel, Elhazmi, Alyaa, Al-Hudaib, Abdullah, Callahan, Maria, Azhari Taufik, M., Yasmin Wardoyo, Elizabeth, Gunawan, Margaretha, Trisnaningrum, Nurindah S, Irawany, Vera, Rayhan, Muhammad, Panigada, Mauro, Pesenti, Antonio, Zanella, Alberto, Grasselli, Giacomo, Colombo, Sebastiano, Martinet, Chiara, Florio, Gaetano, Antonelli, Massimo, Carelli, Simone, Grieco, Domenico L., Asaki, Motohiro, Hoshino, Kota, Salazar, Leonardo, Monsalve, Mary Alejandra Mendoza, Laffey, John, McNicholas, Bairbre, Cosgrave, David, McCaffrey, Joseph, Bone, Allison, Hakeem, Yusuff, Winearls, James, Tallott, Mandy, Thomson, David, Arnold-Day, Christel, Cupido, Jerome, Fanie, Zainap, Miller, Malcom, Seymore, Lisa, van Straaten, Dawid, Ait Hssain, Ali, Aliudin, Jeffrey, Alqahtani, Al-Reem, Mohamed, Khoulod, Mohamed, Ahmed, Tan, Darwin, Villanueva, Joy, Zaqout, Ahmed, Kurtzman, Ethan, Ademi, Arben, Dobrita, Ana, El Aoudi, Khadija, Segura, Juliet, Giwangkancana, Gezy, Ohshimo, Shinichiro, Osatnik, Javier, Joosten, Anne, Torres, Antoni, Yang, Minlan, Motos, Ana, Luna, Carlos, Arancibia, Francisco, Williams, Virginie, Noel, Alexandre, Luque, Nestor, Fantini, Marina, García, Ruth Noemi Jorge, Chicote Alvarez, Enrique, Greti, Anna, Ceccato, Adrian, Sanchez, Angel, Loza Vazquez, Ana, Roche-Campo, Ferran, Franch-Llasat, Diego, Tuazon, Divina, Amato, Marcelo, Cassimiro, Luciana, Pola, Flavio, Ribeiro, Francis, Fonseca, Guilherme, Dalton, Heidi, Desai, Mehul, Osborn, Erik, Deeb, Hala, Arcadipane, Antonio, Martucci, Gennaro, Panarello, Giovanna, Vitiello, Chiara, Bianco, Claudia, Occhipinti, Giovanna, Rossetti, Matteo, Cuffaro, Raffaele, Cho, Sung-Min, Whitman, Glenn, Shimizu, Hiroaki, Moriyama, Naoki, Kim, Jae-Burm, Kitamura, Nobuya, Gebauer, Johannes, Yokoyama, Toshiki, Al-Fares, Abdulrahman, Buabbas, Sarah, Alamad, Esam, Alawadhi, Fatma, Alawadi, Kalthoum, Tanaka, Hiro, Hashimoto, Satoru, Yamazaki, Masaki, Oh, Tak-Hyuck, Epler, Mark, Forney, Cathleen, Kruse, Louise, Feister, Jared, Williamson, Joelle, Grobengieser, Katherine, Gnall, Eric, Golden, Sasha, Caroline, Mara, Shapiro, Timothy, Karaj, Colleen, Thome, Lisa, Sher, Lynn, Vanderland, Mark, Welch, Mary, McDermott, Sherry, Brain, Matthew, Mineall, Sarah, Kimura, Dai, Brazzi, Luca, Sales, Gabriele, Montrucchio, Giorgia, Ogston, Tawnya, Nagpal, Dave, Fischer, Karlee, Lorusso, Roberto, Rangappa, Rajavardhan, Rai, Sujin, Appu, Argin, Esperatti, Mariano, Angélica Fuentes, Nora, Eugenia Gonzalez, Maria, O’Briain, Diarmuid, Carton, Edmund G., Sen, Ayan, Palacios, Amanda, Rainey, Deborah, Samoukoviv, Gordan, Campisi, Josie, Durham, Lucia, Neumann, Emily, Seefeldt, Cassandra, Falcucci, Octavio, Emmrich, Amanda, Guy, Jennifer, Johns, Carling, Potzner, Kelly, Zimmermann, Catherine, Espinal, Angelia, Buchtele, Nina, Schwameis, Michael, Korhnfehl, Andrea, Brock, Roman, Staudinger, Thomas, Stecher, Stephanie-Susanne, Barnikel, Michaela, Antón, Sófia, Pawlikowski, Alexandra, Zaaqoq, Akram, Anh Galloway, Lan, Merley, Caitlin, Nichol, Alistair, Csete, Marc, Quesada, Luisa, Saba, Isabela, Kasugai, Daisuke, Hiraiwa, Hiroaki, Tanaka, Taku, Marwali, Eva, Purnama, Yoel, Rahayu Dewayanti, Santi, Ardiyan, Arifa Juzar, Dafsah, Siagian, Debby, Chen, Yih-Sharng, Ogino, Mark, Ratsep, Indrek, Post, Andra-Maris, Sillaots, Piret, Krund, Anneli, Lehiste, Merili-Helen, Lepik, Tanel, Manetta, Frank, Mihelis, Effe, Claire Sarmiento, Iam, Narasimhan, Mangala, Varrone, Michael, Komats, Mamoru, Garcia-Diaz, Julia, Harmon, Catherine, Veena Satyapriya, S., Bhatt, Amar, Mokadam, Nahush A., Uribe, Alberto, Gonzalez, Alicia, Shi, Haixia, McKeown, Johnny, Pasek, Joshua, Fiorda, Juan, Echeverria, Marco, Moreno, Rita, Zakhary, Bishoy, Cavana, Marco, Cucino, Alberto, Foti, Giuseppe, Giani, Marco, Fumagalli, Benedetta, Chiumello, Davide, Castagna, Valentina, Dell’Amore, Andrea, Navalesi, Paolo, Shum, Hoi-Ping, Vuysteke, Alain, Usman, Asad, Acker, Andrew, Smood, Benjamin, Mergler, Blake, Sertic, Federico, Subramanian, Madhu, Sperry, Alexandra, Rizer, Nicolas, Burhan, Erlina, Rasmin, Menaldi, Akmal, Ernita, Sitompul, Faya, Lolong, Navy, Naivedh, Bhat, Erickson, Simon, Barrett, Peter, Dean, David, Daugherty, Julia, Loforte, Antonio, Khan, Irfan, Abraar Quraishi, Mohammed, DeSantis, Olivia, So, Dominic, Kandamby, Darshana, Mandei, Jose M., Natanael, Hans, YudhaLantang, Eka, Lantang, Anastasia, Oto Wijaya, Surya, Jung, Anna, Ng, George, Yiu Ng, Wing, Yeung Ng, Pauline, Fang, Shu, Tabah, Alexis, Ratcliffe, Megan, Duroux, Maree, Adachi, Shingo, Nakao, Shota, Blanco, Pablo, Prieto, Ana, Sánchez, Jesús, Nicholson, Meghan, Butt, Warwick, Serratore, Alyssa, Delzoppo, Carmel, Janin, Pierre, Yarad, Elizabeth, Totaro, Richard, Coles, Jennifer, Pujo, Bambang, Balk, Robert, Vissing, Andy, Kapania, Esha, Hays, James, Fox, Samuel, Yantosh, Garrett, Mishin, Pavel, Yuliarto, Saptadi, Hari Santoso, Kohar, Djajalaksana, Susanthy, Zainul Fatoni, Arie, Fukuda, Masahiro, Liu, Keibun, Pelosi, Paolo, Battaglini, Denise, Masa Jiménez, Juan Fernando, Bastos, Diego, Gaião, Sérgio, Rusmawatiningtyas, Desy, Cho, Young-Jae, Hwan Lee, Su, Kawasaki, Tatsuya, Munshi, Laveena, Sakiyalak, Pranya, Nitayavardhana, Prompak, Seitz, Tamara, Arora, Rakesh, Kent, David, Marino, Daniel, Parwar, Swapnil, Cheng, Andrew, Miller, Jennene, Fujitani, Shigeki, Shimizu, Naoki, Madhok, Jai, Owyang, Clark, Buscher, Hergen, Reynolds, Claire, Maasikas, Olavi, Beljantsev, Aleksan, Mihnovits, Vladislav, Akimoto, Takako, Aizawa, Mariko, Horibe, Kanako, Onodera, Ryota, Hodgson, Carol, Burrell, Aidan, Young, Meredith, George, Timothy, Shekar, Kiran, McGuinness, Niki, Irvine, Lacey, Flynn, Brigid, Endo, Tomoyuki, Sugiyama, Kazuhiro, Shimizu, Keiki, Fan, Eddy, Exconde, Kathleen, Ichiba, Shingo, Lussier, Leslie, Lotz, Gösta, Malfertheiner, Maximilian, Maier, Lars, Dreier, Esther, Permata Kusumastuti, Neurinda, McCloskey, Colin, Dabaliz, Al-Awwab, Elshazly, Tarek B, Smith, Josiah, Szuldrzynski, Konstanty S., Bielański, Piotr, Hakeem, Yusuff, Wille, Keith, Murthy, Srinivas, Parhar, Ken Kuljit S., Fiest, Kirsten M., Codan, Cassidy, Shahid, Anmol, Fayed, Mohamed, Evans, Timothy, Garcia, Rebekah, Gutierrez, Ashley, Shimizu, Hiroaki, Song, Tae, Rose, Rebecca, Bennett, Suzanne, Richardson, Denise, Peek, Giles, Arora, Lovkesh, Rappapport, Kristina, Rudolph, Kristina, Sibenaller, Zita, Stout, Lori, Walter, Alicia, Herr, Daniel, Vedadi, Nazli, Bartlett, Robert, Pesenti, Antonio, Thompson, Shaun, Hoffman, Julie, Ying, Xiaonan, Kennedy, Ryan, Elhadi, Muhammed, Griffee, Matthew, Ciullo, Anna, Kida, Yuri, Ferrer Roca, Ricard, Riera, JordI, Contreras, Sofia, Alegre, Cynthia, Kay, Christy, Fischer, Irene, Renner, Elizabeth, Taniguci, Hayato, Fraser, John, Li Bassi, Gianluigi, Suen, Jacky, Barnett, Adrian, White, Nicole, Gibbons, Kristen, Forsyth, Simon, Corley, Amanda, Pearse, India, Hinton, Samuel, Abbate, Gabriella, Hassan, Halah, Heinsar, Silver, Karnik, Varun A, Ki, Katrina, O’Neill, Hollier F., Obonyo, Nchafatso, Pretti Pimenta, Leticia, Reid, Janice D., Sato, Kei, Shekar, Kiran, Vuorinen, Aapeli, Wildi, Karin S., Wilson, Emily S., Yerkovich, Stephanie, Lee, James, Plotkin, Daniel, Wanjiru Citarella, Barbara, Merson, Laura, Hartley, Emma, Lubis, Bastian, Ikeyama, Takanari, Bhaskar, Balu, Jung, Jae-Seung, McGuinness, Shay, Eastwood, Glenn, Rossi Marta, Sandra, Guarracino, Fabio, Gerle, Stacy, Coxon, Emily, Claro, Bruno, Loverde, Daniel, Patil, Namrata, Parrini, Vieri, McBride, Angela, Negaard, Kathryn, Ratsch, Angela, Abdelaziz, Ahmad, David Uribe, Juan, Peris, Adriano, Sanders, Mark, Emerson, Dominic, Kamal, Muhammad, Povoa, Pedro, Francis, Roland, Cherif, Ali, Joseph, Sunimol, Di Nardo, Matteo, Heard, Micheal, Kyle, Kimberly, Blackwell, Ray A, Piagnerelli, Michael, Biston, Patrick, Won Jeong, Hye, Smith, Reanna, Prawira, Yogi, Montrucchio, Giorgia, Huerta Garcia, Arturo, Salterain, Nahikari, Meyns, Bart, Moreno, Marsha, Walia, Rajat, Mehta, Amit, Schweda, Annette, Supriatna, Moh, Kirakli, Cenk, Williams, Melissa, Hoon Kim, Kyung, Assad, Alexandra, Giraldo, Estefania, Karolak, Wojtek, Balik, Martin, Pocock, Elizabeth, Gajkowski, Evan, Masafumi, Kanamoto, Barrett, Nicholas, Takeyama, Yoshihiro, Park, Sunghoon, Amin, Faizan, Meilyana Andriyani, Fina, Sudakevych, Serhii, Ratsch, Angela, Vera, Magdalena, Cornejo, Rodrigo, Schwarz, Patrícia, Carolina Mardini, Ana, de Paula, Thais, Serpa Neto, Ary, Villoldo, Andrea, Siciliano Colafranceschi, Alexandre, Ubeda Iglesias, Alejandro, Granjean, Juan, Melro, Lívia Maria Garcia, Fioravante Romualdo, Giovana, Gaia, Diego, Souza, Helmgton, Galas, Filomena, Máñez Mendiluce, Rafael, Sosa, Alejandra, Martinez, Ignacio, Kurosawa, Hiroshi, Salgado, Juan, Hugi-Mayr, Beate, Charbonneau, Eric, Salvatore Barzilai, Vitor, Monteiro, Veronica, Ribeiro de Souza, Rodrigo, Harper, Michael, Suzuki, Hiroyuki, Adams, Celina, Brieva, Jorge, Nyale, George, Saleem Eltatar, Faisal, Fatani, Jihan, Baeissa, Husam, Masri, Ayman AL, Rabie, Ahmed, Yee Hui, Mok, Yamane, Masahiro, Jung, Hanna, Mojisola Margaret, Ayorinde, Nacpil, Newell, Ruck, Katja, Bakken, Rhonda, Jara, Claire, Felton, Tim, Berra, Lorenzo, Shah, Bobby, Chakraborty, Arpan, Cardona, Monika, Capatos, Gerry, Akkanti, Bindu, Orija, Abiodun, Jain, Harsh, Ito, Asami, Housni, Brahim, Low, Sennen, Iihara, Koji, Chavez, Joselito, Ramanathan, Kollengode, Zabert, Gustavo, Naidoo, Krubin, Seppelt, Ian, VanDyk, Marlice, MacDonald, Sarah, Ichiba, Shingo, McGregor, Randy, Siebenaler, Teka, Flynn, Hannah, Lofton, Kristi, Aokage, Toshiyuki, Shigemitsu, Kazuaki, Moscatelli, Andrea, Fiorentino, Giuseppe, Baumgaertel, Matthias, Eddy, Serge, Assy, Jana, Hutahaean, Amelya, Roush, Holly, Sichting, Kay A, Alessandri, Francesco, Burns, Debra, Rabie, Ahmed, Salt, Gavin, Garabedian, Carl P., Millar, Jonathan, Sim, Malcolm, Mattke, Adrian, McAuley, Danny, Tadili, Jawad, Frenzel, Tim, Bar-Lavie, Yaron, Blandino Ortiz, Aaron, Stone, Jackie, Tabah, Alexis, Attokaran, Antony, Farquharson, Michael, Patel, Brij, Gunning, Derek, Baillie, Kenneth, Watson, Pia, Tamai, Kenji, Ketut Sajinadiyasa, Gede, Kanyawati, Dyah, Salgado, Marcello, Sassine, Assad, Yudo, Bhirowo, McCaul, Scott, Lee, Bongjin, Min Lee, Sang, Afek, Arnon, Iwashita, Yoshiaki, Pujo Semedi, Bambang, Permata Kusumastuti, Neurinda, Metiva, Jack, Van Belle, Nicole, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Ivatt, Lenny, Yew Woon, Chia, Mi Kang, Hyun, Smith, Timothy, James, Erskine, Al-Rawas, Nawar, Iwasaki, Yudai, Chan King-Chung, Kenny, Gudzenko, Vadim, Hugi-Mayr, Beate, Taccone, Fabio, Perdhana, Fajar, Lamarche, Yoan, Miguel Ribeiro, Joao, Bradic, Nikola, Van den Bossche, Klaartje, Lansink, Oude, Singh, Gurmeet, Debeuckelaere, Gerdy, Stelfox, Henry T., Yi, Cassia, Elia, Jennifer, Tribble, Thomas, Shankar, Shyam, Padmanabhan, Raj, Hallinan, Bill, Paoletti, Luca, Leyva, Yolanda, Fykuda, Tatuma, Badulak, Jenelle, Koch, Jillian, Hackman, Amy, Janowaik, Lisa, Hernandez, Deb, Osofsky, Jennifer, Donadello, Katia, Lawang, Aizah, Fine, Josh, Davidson, Benjamin, and Vazquez, Andres Oswaldo Razo

Published
2023
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48. Cross-linguistic f0 differences in bilingual speakers of English and Korean

Author

Cheng, Andrew

Abstract

Languages may differ in fundamental frequency of voicing (f0), even when they  are spoken by a bilingual individual. However, little is known in bilingual/L2 acquisition  research about simultaneous bilinguals. With the expectation that speakers who acquired  two languages early use f0 differently for each language, this study measured f0 in  English–Korean early bilinguals’ natural speech. The f0 level was higher for Korean than  English, regardless of gender, age, or generational status (early and late bilinguals did not  differ). The f0 span showed a language-gender interaction: males’ span was larger in  Korean, while females’ span was larger in English. This study demonstrates that languages  differ in f0 independent of speaker anatomy and suggests that children may acquire these  differences in early childhood.

Published
2019

49. Phenotypes of disease severity in a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Results from the IMPACC study

Author

Ozonoff, Al, Schaenman, Joanna, Jayavelu, Naresh Doni, Milliren, Carly E., Calfee, Carolyn S., Cairns, Charles B., Kraft, Monica, Baden, Lindsey R., Shaw, Albert C., Krammer, Florian, van Bakel, Harm, Esserman, Denise A., Liu, Shanshan, Sesma, Ana Fernandez, Simon, Viviana, Hafler, David A., Montgomery, Ruth R., Kleinstein, Steven H., Levy, Ofer, Bime, Chris, Haddad, Elias K., Erle, David J., Pulendran, Bali, Nadeau, Kari C., Davis, Mark M, Hough, Catherine L., Messer, William B., Higuita, Nelson I. Agudelo, Metcalf, Jordan P., Atkinson, Mark A., Brakenridge, Scott C., Corry, David, Kheradmand, Farrah, Ehrlich, Lauren I.R., Melamed, Esther, McComsey, Grace A., Sekaly, Rafick, Diray-Arce, Joann, Peters, Bjoern, Augustine, Alison D., Reed, Elaine F., McEnaney, Kerry, Barton, Brenda, Lentucci, Claudia, Saluvan, Mehmet, Chang, Ana C., Hoch, Annmarie, Albert, Marisa, Shaheen, Tanzia, Kho, Alvin T., Thomas, Sanya, Chen, Jing, Murphy, Maimouna D., Cooney, Mitchell, Presnell, Scott, Fragiadakis, Gabriela K., Patel, Ravi, Guan, Leying, Gygi, Jeremy, Pawar, Shrikant, Brito, Anderson, Khalil, Zain, Maguire, Cole, Fourati, Slim, Overton, James A., Vita, Randi, Westendorf, Kerstin, Salehi-Rad, Ramin, Leligdowicz, Aleksandra, Matthay, Michael A., Singer, Jonathan P., Kangelaris, Kirsten N., Hendrickson, Carolyn M., Krummel, Matthew F., Langelier, Charles R., Woodruff, Prescott G., Powell, Debra L., Kim, James N., Simmons, Brent, Goonewardene, I. Michael, Smith, Cecilia M., Martens, Mark, Mosier, Jarrod, Kimura, Hiroki, Sherman, Amy C., Walsh, Stephen R., Issa, Nicolas C., Dela Cruz, Charles, Farhadian, Shelli, Iwasaki, Akiko, Ko, Albert I., Chinthrajah, Sharon, Ahuja, Neera, Rogers, Angela J., Artandi, Maja, Siegel, Sarah A.R., Lu, Zhengchun, Drevets, Douglas A., Brown, Brent R., Anderson, Matthew L., Guirgis, Faheem W., Thyagarajan, Rama V., Rousseau, Justin F., Wylie, Dennis, Busch, Johanna, Gandhi, Saurin, Triplett, Todd A., Yendewa, George, Giddings, Olivia, Anderson, Evan J., Mehta, Aneesh K., Sevransky, Jonathan E., Khor, Bernard, Rahman, Adeeb, Stadlbauer, Daniel, Dutta, Jayeeta, Xie, Hui, Kim-Schulze, Seunghee, Gonzalez-Reiche, Ana Silvia, van de Guchte, Adriana, Farrugia, Keith, Khan, Zenab, Maecker, Holden T., Elashoff, David, Brook, Jenny, Ramires-Sanchez, Estefania, Llamas, Megan, Rivera, Adreanne, Perdomo, Claudia, Ward, Dawn C., Magyar, Clara E., Fulcher, Jennifer A., Abe-Jones, Yumiko, Asthana, Saurabh, Beagle, Alexander, Bhide, Sharvari, Carrillo, Sidney A., Chak, Suzanna, Ghale, Rajani, Gonzalez, Ana, Jauregui, Alejandra, Jones, Norman, Lea, Tasha, Lee, Deanna, Lota, Raphael, Milush, Jeff, Nguyen, Viet, Pierce, Logan, Prasad, Priya A., Rao, Arjun, Samad, Bushra, Shaw, Cole, Sigman, Austin, Sinha, Pratik, Ward, Alyssa, Willmore, Andrew, Zhan, Jenny, Rashid, Sadeed, Rodriguez, Nicklaus, Tang, Kevin, Altamirano, Luz Torres, Betancourt, Legna, Curiel, Cindy, Sutter, Nicole, Paz, Maria Tercero, Tietje-Ulrich, Gayelan, Leroux, Carolyn, Connors, Jennifer, Bernui, Mariana, Kutzler, Michel A., Edwards, Carolyn, Lee, Edward, Lin, Edward, Croen, Brett, Semenza, Nicholas C., Rogowski, Brandon, Melnyk, Nataliya, Woloszczuk, Kyra, Cusimano, Gina, Bell, Mathew R., Furukawa, Sara, McLin, Renee, Marrero, Pamela, Sheidy, Julie, Tegos, George P., Nagle, Crystal, Mege, Nathan, Ulring, Kristen, Seyfert-Margolis, Vicki, Conway, Michelle, Francisco, Dave, Molzahn, Allyson, Erickson, Heidi, Wilson, Connie Cathleen, Schunk, Ron, Sierra, Bianca, Hughes, Trina, Smolen, Kinga, Desjardins, Michael, van Haren, Simon, Mitre, Xhoi, Cauley, Jessica, Li, Xiaofang, Tong, Alexandra, Evans, Bethany, Montesano, Christina, Licona, Jose Humberto, Krauss, Jonathan, Chang, Jun Bai Park, Izaguirre, Natalie, Chaudhary, Omkar, Coppi, Andreas, Fournier, John, Mohanty, Subhasis, Muenker, M. Catherine, Nelson, Allison, Raddassi, Khadir, Rainone, Michael, Ruff, William E., Salahuddin, Syim, Schulz, Wade L., Vijayakumar, Pavithra, Wang, Haowei, Wunder Jr., Elsio, Young, H. Patrick, Zhao, Yujiao, Saksena, Miti, Altman, Deena, Kojic, Erna, Srivastava, Komal, Eaker, Lily Q., Bermúdez-González, Maria C., Beach, Katherine F., Sominsky, Levy A., Azad, Arman R., Carreño, Juan Manuel, Singh, Gagandeep, Raskin, Ariel, Tcheou, Johnstone, Bielak, Dominika, Kawabata, Hisaaki, Mulder, Lubbertus CF, Kleiner, Giulio, Lee, Alexandra S., Do, Evan Do, Fernandes, Andrea, Manohar, Monali, Hagan, Thomas, Blish, Catherine A., Din, Hena Naz, Roque, Jonasel, Yang, Samuel, Brunton, Amanda, Sullivan, Peter E., Strnad, Matthew, Lyski, Zoe L., Coulter, Felicity J., Booth, J. Leland, Sinko, Lauren A., Moldawer, Lyle L., Borresen, Brittany, Roth-Manning, Brittney, Song, Li-Zhen, Nelson, Ebony, Lewis-Smith, Megan, Smith, Jacob, Tipan, Pablo Guaman, Siles, Nadia, Bazzi, Sam, Geltman, Janelle, Hurley, Kerin, Gabriele, Gio, Sieg, Scott, Vaysman, Tatyana, Bristow, Laurel, Hussaini, Laila, Hellmeister, Kieffer, Samaha, Hady, Cheng, Andrew, Spainhour, Christine, Scherer, Erin M., Johnson, Brandi, Bechnak, Amer, Ciric, Caroline R., Hewitt, Lauren, Carter, Erin, Mcnair, Nina, Panganiban, Bernadine, Huerta, Christopher, Usher, Jacob, Ribeiro, Susan Pereira, Altman, Matthew C., Becker, Patrice M., Rouphael, Nadine, Bime, Christian, and Davis, Mark M.

Published
2022
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50. Effects of brain tissue oxygen (PbtO2) guided management on patient outcomes following severe traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Hays, Leanne M.C., Udy, Andrew, Adamides, Alexios A, Anstey, James R., Bailey, Michael, Bellapart, Judith, Byrne, Kathleen, Cheng, Andrew, Jamie Cooper, D., Drummond, Katharine J., Haenggi, Matthias, Jakob, Stephan M., Higgins, Alisa M., Lewis, Philip M., Hunn, Martin K., McNamara, Robert, Menon, David K., Murray, Lynne, Reddi, Benjamin, Trapani, Tony, Vallance, Shirley, Young, Paul J., Diaz-Arrastia, Ramon, Shutter, Lori, Murray, Patrick T., Curley, Gerard F., and Nichol, Alistair

Published
2022
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