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It is essential to develop bifunctional catalysts with high activity and stability for reversible oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) and oxygen evolution reactions (OERs) in lithium-oxygen (Li-O

Additional file 2. Table S3. Regression coefficients of each domain and item scores of the WHOQOL-BREF based on mixed-effects model in stage II and III MIBC patients.

Additional file 1. Table S1. Comparison of demographics and clinical characteristics of bladder cancer patients who were interviewed once and more than once. Table S2. Number of visits in each time point.

Additional file 3. Table S4. Effect of urinary diversion type on values of social domain score.

Precise levelling surveys were conducted from 2006 to 2013 on three levelling routes in the Tatun volcano group (TVG) located approximately 15 km northeast of Taipei, to detect deformation in relation to the volcano-hydrothermal activities of the TVG. Uplift was detected around the most active fumarole, Tayoukeng fumarole, throughout the period 2007 to 2011; the uplift rate throughout the period from March 2009 to March 2011 was reduced in comparison to the rate between 2007 and 2009. Following this, a dormant state or a small amount of subsidence was detected in the period March 2011 to March 2013. And throughout the period from June 2006 to March 2013, subsidence was centred on an area 0.5 km east of the summit of Mt. Cising, the highest peak in the TVG. A model of two spherical sources was therefore estimated from the deformation recorded from August 2007 to March 2011, using a genetic algorithm. A deflation source was obtained about 0.5 km northeast of Mt. Cising at a depth of 2 km; and an inflation source was situated approximately 1 km south of the Tayoukeng fumarole at a depth of 0.7 km. Based on previous seismic and AMT studies, the estimated sources are interpreted as being hydrothermal reservoirs. Because almost all the benchmarks around Mt. Cising show subsidence at a constant speed, we conclude that the deeper hydrothermal reservoir at a depth of 2 km may have been releasing hydrothermal fluid at a constant rate throughout the period from 2006 to 2013. However, it was suggested that in 2011 the shallower hydrothermal reservoir at a depth of 0.7 km changed from an inflation state to a dormant state (or small deflation) based on temporal vertical changes around Tayoukeng fumarole. A possible model for the volcano-hydrothermal system is therefore proposed. It is considered that the hydrothermal fluid may be supplied intermittently from the magma chamber to the deeper hydrothermal reservoir at a depth of 2 km (although this type of fluid input event may not have occurred during our research period), and that the hydrothermal fluid upwelling between Mt. Cising and Tayoukeng fumarole flows transversally into a highly cracked and fluid-saturated area that continues to Tayoukeng fumarole. The existence of a shallower hydrothermal reservoir at a depth of 0.7 km in the highly cracked and fluid-saturated area is therefore plausible.

This article proposes a new broadband circularly polarized (CP) printed monopole antenna (PMA) with unidirectional radiation patterns. The simple structure consists of only a circular patch, a tuning rectangular patch, and an inverted-L strip protruded from the signal line of a feeding asymmetric coplanar waveguide (CPW). Through simple design procedures, a CP PMA with bidirectional radiation patterns and with a fractional CP bandwidth (CPBW) of larger than 35% can be obtained. By placing an open metal cavity underneath the bidirectional PMA without changing the PMA's structural dimensions, one can obtain unidirectional radiation patterns without downgrading the CPBW. In addition, the peak antenna gain can be raised by about 6 dB. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1535–1540, 2014

Precise levelling surveys were conducted across the central Longitudinal Valley Fault, eastern Taiwan, to understand the deformation of the transition zone between the stable fault creep area and the asperity area. In order to investigate the surface relationship between the fault creep area and the geological condition of the transition zone, we established levelling routes in the Yuli, Chike-san, and Reishuei areas. The Yuli area forms the geological boundary of the Lichi Melange Formation, which is composed of chaotic mudstones containing numerous exotic blocks of various sizes and lithologies. Along the Yuli route, located on the Lichi Melange, an uplift rate of 30 mm/yr was detected during the period 2010–2012, suggesting that aseismic fault creep might be continuing with long-term stability. Along the Chike-san route, a vertical deformation rate of 8 mm/yr was detected in the period 2010–2011. However, a large deformation with an uplift rate of 40 mm/yr was detected in the period 2011–2012. Along the Reisuei route, we detected a deformation of 8 mm/yr in the period 2011–2012. A two-dimensional single-fault model was developed to discuss the slip distributions in the periods 2010–2011 and 2011–2012. Relatively large slip rates were estimated at two parts of the fault plane—one at a depth of ~ 1.5 km and another at a depth of ~ 4 km—in both periods. Because both parts of the fault plane show approximately the same slip distribution, we believe that the detected deformation resulted from an episodic acceleration event of creeping slip. The northern limit of the stable creep area may be the Yuli area. The episodic creep event occurred in the transition zone between the stable fault creep area and the asperity area. The boundary between the stable creep area and the episodic creep area is consistent with the geological boundary of the Lichi Melange Formation.

′Energy management′ is a challenging task for individual departments within universities, especially when several departments occupy the same facility. To assist individual departments in dealing w...

Using the ambient noise cross-correlation technique, we derived empirical Green’s functions (EGFs) of short-period Rayleigh waves from the continuous vertical component of data recorded by 34 seismic stations in northern Taiwan. We measured the group velocity of the EGFs in the frequency range of 0.2–0.5 Hz. The derived EGFs and group velocity measurements were carefully examined, and only quality results were used for the tomographic inversion. We implemented a wavelet-based multiscale inversion technique to construct the group velocity map for 0.35-Hz Rayleigh waves in northern Taiwan. The resulting model shows excellent correlation to the surface topography and geological units. To compare with models derived from traditional body-wave tomography, we calculated the group velocity maps and their fit to the noise-derived EGFs for two recent body-wave models. The comparison indicates that body-wave velocities, particularly V S , at shallow depth in the west coast plain are overestimated in two recent body-wave-derived models, and/or a much higher V P / V S ratio may exist for this area. Our results suggest that the noise-derived short-period EGFs may provide important constraints on shallow Earth structure, in complement to that provided by body waves.

A series of aminobenzanthrone derivatives, possessing a keto and an amino group on the aromatic ring, are synthesized and their photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) properties are studied in detail. These compounds emit strongly in solution and in the solid state, with the emission maxima in the range of 528-668 nm resulting from charge-transfer transitions from the amino group to the keto moiety. The emission wavelength depends greatly on the polarity of the solvent. A red shift of nearly 100 nm is observed from n-hexane to dichloromethane for each of these compounds. The PL quantum yields of these molecules also depend tremendously on the solvent. The values are between 88 and 70 % in n-hexane and decrease as the polarity of the solvent increases. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction data reveal that the aminobenzanthrone planes of these molecules stack in the crystals in an antiparallel head-to-tail fashion. This strong dipole-dipole interaction accounts for the observed red-shifted emissions of the aminobenzanthrone molecules in powders and in films relative to those in nonpolar solvents. Electroluminescent devices using aminobenzanthrone derivatives as the host emitters or dopants emit orange to red light in the range 590-645 nm. High brightness, current efficiency, and power efficiency are observed for some of these devices. For example, the device using N-(4-t-butylphenyl)-N-biphenyl-3-benzanthronylamine as the emitter gives saturated red light with a current efficiency of 1.82 cdA -1 , brightness of 11253 cd m -2 , and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.64,0.36); the device using N-(2-naphthyl)-Ν-phenyl-3-benzanthronylamine as the emitter gives orange-red light with a current efficiency of 3.52 cd A -1 , brightness of 25 000 cd m -2 , and CIE coordinates of (0.61,0.38).

Purpose Localization of the femoral vein traditionally relies on palpation of femoral arterial pulsation. For establishing venous access under fluoroscopy guidance, we evaluated the relationship between common femoral veins (CFVs) and bony structures. Methods Sixty patients with abdominal computed tomography scans between October 2009 and May 2010 were selected randomly for inclusion in the study. We used the RaySum reconstruction technique to display the bony landmark from the iliac crest to the upper femur and the course of bilateral CFVs. Results Between the superior and middle femoral head lines, the bilateral CFV tended to locate between the inner and outer cortex lines of teardrop (68.3% on right side and 65.0% on left side). The CFV is located more laterally among people who are older than 50 years with statistical significance. Conclusion Bony structures provide reliable information for venous access of CFVs under fluoroscopy guidance. The course of bilateral CFVs is more laterally located among elder patients with statistical significance.

This study used a multi-sector CGE model, derived from ORANI and implemented by the GEMPACK software, to evaluate the impact of 44.67%, 35.9% and 40.8% tariff reductions on agriculture, livestock, and fishery, respectively, two years after Taiwan's accession to the WTO in 2002. Results show that the value of domestic agricultural, livestock and fishery production would be reduced by NT$45.2, 24.1 and 3.9 billion, respectively, under the standard neo-classical model. Since it is difficult for industrial sectors to hire the unskilled elderly workers who lost their jobs in the agricultural, livestock, and fishery production sectors, a partial equilibrium model, specified in this study by restricting transferability of primary input from agriculture, livestock, fishery, and processing sectors to the secondary industrial sectors, will be more realistic for Taiwan's social-economic structure after entering WTO. The results from the structuralist model show that the value of domestic agricultural, livestock, and fishery production will ber-educed by NT$47.4, 26.4 and 4.4 billion, respectively, suggesting that those sectors in Taiwan would suffer more severely if their primary input (i.e. labor) lacked mobility.

This paper presents the design of a broadband circularly polarized (CP) monopole antenna. The proposed CP antenna is developed from a primitive structure consisting of only a half-circular patch and an inverted-L feeding strip connected to a coplanar waveguide. By loading a rectangular tuning stub to and etching a sector-ring slot from the half-circular patch and by adding an extended section to the inverted-L feeding strip, one can obtain a measured 3-dB axialratio bandwidth of 39.7% for the proposed CP antenna. The designed antenna is relatively compact as compared with another CP monopole antenna of similar structure.

Cyclic enones 2-cyclohexen-1-one (1a), 4,4-dimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (1b), 2-cyclopenten-1-one (1c), and 2-cyclohepten-1-one (1d) react with octa-1,7-diyne (2) in THF in the presence of Ni(PPh(3))(2)I(2), ZnI(2), and Zn powder at 62 degrees C to give [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition-dehydrogenation products 3a-d in 32-80% yields. alpha,beta-Unsaturated lactone 5a (5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one) undergoes [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition with 2 to give both the corresponding cyclohexadiene product 6 (29%) and dehydrogenation product 7 (39%). Under similar reaction conditions, 3-buten-2-one reacts with 2 and various substituted hepta-1,6-diynes 9a-c to give [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition-dehydrogenation products 11a-d in 68-80% yields. Diphenylacetylene also reacts with 1a-d, 5a, and 2(5H)-furanone (5b) to afford the corresponding [2 + 2 + 2] cocyclotrimerization products 13a-d and 14a-b. No dehydrogenation of products 13 and 14 was observed under the reaction and workup conditions. The reactions of acrylates with alkynes catalyzed by nickel complexes give products that depend greatly on the reaction conditions. Treating ethyl acrylate (15a) with 1-phenyl-1-propyne (16) in the presence of Ni(PPh(3))(2)Cl(2) and Zn at 90 degrees C in toluene affords cocyclotrimerization product 19aas the major product (54% yield). However, treatment of CH(2)CHCOOR (R = Et and t-Bu) with mono alkynes 16 and 12 in the presence of Ni(PPh(3))(2)X(2) (X = Cl and I) and Zn powder in toluene at 60 degrees C affords the corresponding conjugated trienes 17a-c in 82-92% yields. The MS data of 17firmly support an adduct of two molecules of alkyne and a molecule of acrylate. Similarly, the reaction of 15a with octa-1,7-diyne in the presence of Ni(PPh(3))(2)I(2), ZnI(2), and zinc gives triene derivative 21 in 68% yield. NOE and X-ray results indicate that in these trienes the substituents from each alkyne and alkene moiety are cis to each other. The unique stereoselectivity can be attributed to the exclusive formation of seven-membered nickelacycloheptadiene intermediate 25during the catalytic reaction.