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In order to realize the preparation of a superamphiphobic surface on the steel substrate and simultaneously avoid damage to the physical properties of the steel substrate surface， a preparation process for preparing superamphiphobic surface on marine Q235 steel was proposed on the basis of Ni-nSiO2 nanocomposite electrodeposition technology. Firstly， a micro-nano double-roughness structure suitable for superamphiphobic properties was constructed on the surface of the steel substrate by nanocomposite electroplating and liquid phase deposition，and then the surface was modified with heptadecafluorodecyl trimethoxysilane. By designing a three - factor orthogonal experiment， the preparation process parameters that could realize superamphiphobic surface were obtained by changing the electroplating parameters (temperature， time， current) and analyzing the influence of each parameter on the surface wettability. Additionally， the microscopic morphology of the as-prepared superamphiphobic surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that when the current density was 12.5 A/dm2， the magnetic stirring speed was 200 r/min， the electroplating time was 50 min， and the temperature was 60 ℃， the as-prepared steel-based superamphiphobic surface presented a contact angle of 154° with water and a contact angle of 151° with oil. Under the above parameters， the combination of micro-nano rough morphology obtained through the composite electrodeposition process and low surface energy modification made the surface exhibited superamphiphobic properties.

Objective To explore the application of membranous concept in vestibular schwannoma surgery. Methods A total of 39 patients with vestibular schwannoma who received membranous surgical treatment in The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from May 2020 to June 2021 were enrolled. Through the retrosigmoid approach, the intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring was performed, and the membranous concept was used to separate the brain stem of the tumor and the interface between the tumor and the facial nerve and the cochlear nerve. Facial nerve function was evaluated by the House⁃Brackmann (H⁃B) grade and hearing was evaluated by the American Academy of Otolaryngology⁃Head and Neck Surgery（AAO⁃HNS）scale at one day, one week and one year after surgery. Results Total resection was performed in 31 cases (79.49%) and nearly total resection in 8 cases (20.51%). Facial nerve anatomical preservation was achieved in all patients, and facial nerve function returned to normal or nearly normal (H⁃B grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ) 84.62% (33/39), moderate facial paralysis (H⁃B grade Ⅲ) 10.27% (4/39), moderate and severe facial paralysis (H⁃B grade Ⅳ) 5.13% (2/39) on the first day after surgery. One week after surgery, 71.79% (28/39) of patients with normal or nearly normal facial nerve function, 15.38% (6/39) of moderate facial paralysis, 10.27% (4/39) of moderate and severe facial paralysis, and 2.56% (1/39) of severe facial paralysis (H⁃B grade Ⅴ). One year after surgery, 92.31% (36/39) of patients with facial nerve function returned to normal or nearly normal, 5.13% (2/39) of patients with moderate facial paralysis, and 2.56% (1/39) of patients with moderate and severe facial paralysis. Among the 10 patients (25.64%) who retained effective hearing before surgery (AAO⁃HNS grade≥C), there were 4, 3 and 6 cases at one day, one week and one year after surgery, respectively. Those who did not retain effective hearing before surgery did not recover effective hearing after surgery. According to the comparison of tumor volume and nature, the proportion of patients with normal facial nerve function (H⁃B grade Ⅰ) in the tumor volume≤3 cm group was higher than that in＞3 cm group [12/18 vs. 19.05% (4/21); Fisher's exact probability: P=0.006], the proportion of patients with normal facial nerve function in the solid tumor group was higher than that in cystic group [71.43% (15/21) vs. 1/10; Fisher's exact probability: P=0.010] at one year after surgery. Conclusions The membranous concept in vestibular schwannoma surgery can protect facial nerve function well, and has a positive effect on the protection of cochlear nerve and brain stem.

Objective To discuss the strategy for cervical dumbbell⁃shaped tumors and develop a proposal for individualized therapy. Methods and Results Total 32 patients with cervical dumbbell⁃shaped tumors were recruited from The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from March 2017 to March 2022. All patients received surgical treatments, while the tumors located in C1-2 levels among 7 patients and C2-7 levels among 25 patients. Preoperative McCormick spinal cord function gradeⅠin 9 cases, gradeⅡin 12 cases, grade Ⅲ in 11 cases. Individualized surgical strategies were set according to the results of Toyama typing, preoperative imaging examination and intraoperative spinal stability. Surgery through posterior approach was performed in 26 cases, 2 patients underwent a lateral posterior sternocleidomastoid approach, 2 patients underwent surgery through combined posterior⁃anterolateral approach, and 2 patients received anterior cervical approach. Ninteen out of 32 patients with preoperatively unstable spinal factors or changes in spinal stability resulting from surgery received one⁃stage internal fixation. One patient underwent anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion followed by titanium cage implantation, and 18 patients underwent posterior trans⁃pedicle and lateral mass screw fixation. The results showed a gross total resection for all patients and the success rate was 100% (32/32). The average intraoperative blood loss was about 210 ml. Imaging examinations were performed for all patients within a week after the surgery, the internal fixator were all in good position. One month after the surgery McCormick spinal cord function gradeⅠin 20 cases, gradeⅡin 10 cases, grade Ⅲ in 2 cases. All patients had varying degrees of improvement in symptoms, no cerebrospinal fluid leakage, no serious nervous system infection and other complications, no postoperative cervical kyphosis, and no loosening or breakage of the screws and rods were found in 28 months after surgery, the bone graft fusion and vertebral body shape were good. Conclusions The size of the intervertebral foramen is one of the important factors to be considered in the surgical strategy of cervical dumbbell⁃typed tumors. The surgical management of C1-2 dumbbell⁃typed tumors is different from that of other levels, it is necessary to understand the patient's medical history, symptoms and signs in detail and to improve imaging evaluation before surgery. The development of multiple techniques and typing methods facilitate the development of individualized surgical plans.

Objective To discuss the strategy for cervical dumbbell-shaped tumors and develop a proposal for individualized therapy. Methods and Results Total 32 patients with cervical dumbbell - shaped tumors were recruited from The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from March 2017 to March 2022. All patients received surgical treatments, while the tumors located in C1-2 levels among 7 patients and C2-7 levels among 25 patients. Preoperative McCormick spinal cord function grade I in 9 cases, grade II in 12 cases, grade III in 11 cases. Individualized surgical strategies were set according to the results of Toyama typing, preoperative imaging examination and intraoperative spinal stability. Surgery through posterior approach was performed in 26 cases, 2 patients underwent a lateral posterior sternocleidomastoid approach, 2 patients underwent surgery through combined posterior - anterolateral approach, and 2 patients received anterior cervical approach. Ninteen out of 32 patients with preoperatively unstable spinal factors or changes in spinal stability resulting from surgery received one - stage internal fixation. One patient underwent anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion followed by titanium cage implantation, and 18 patients underwent posterior trans-pedicle and lateral mass screw fixation. The results showed a gross total resection for all patients and the success rate was 100% (32/32). The average intraoperative blood loss was about 210 ml. Imaging examinations were performed for all patients within a week after the surgery, the internal fixator were all in good position. One month after the surgery McCormick spinal cord function grade I in 20 cases, grade II in 10 cases, grade III in 2 cases. All patients had varying degrees of improvement in symptoms, no cerebrospinal fluid leakage, no serious nervous system infection and other complications, no postoperative cervical kyphosis, and no loosening or breakage of the screws and rods were found in 28 months after surgery, the bone graft fusion and vertebral body shape were good. Conclusions The size of the intervertebral foramen is one of the important factors to be considered in the surgical strategy of cervical dumbbell-typed tumors. The surgical management of C1-2 dumbbell-typed tumors is different from that of other levels, it is necessary to understand the patient's medical history, symptoms and signs in detail and to improve imaging evaluation before surgery. The development of multiple techniques and typing methods facilitate the development of individualized surgical plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to microgravity leads to a sustained elevation in transmural pressure across the cerebral vasculature due to removal of hydrostatic pressure gradients. We hypothesized that ion channel remodeling in cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) similar to that associated with hypertension may occur and play a role in upward autoregulation of cerebral vessels during microgravity. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 4-wk tail suspension (Sus) to simulate the cardiovascular effect of microgravity. Large-conductance [Ca.sup.2+]-activated [K.sup.+] (B[K.sub.Ca]), voltage-gated [K.sup.+] ([K.sub.V]), and L-type voltage-dependent [Ca.sup.2+] ([Ca.sub.L]) currents of Sus and control (Con) rat cerebral VSMCs were investigated with a whole cell voltage-clamp technique. Under the same experimental conditions, [K.sub.V], B[K.sub.Ca], and [Ca.sub.L] currents of cerebral VSMCs from adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were also investigated. [K.sub.V] current density decreased in Sus rats vs. Con rats [1.07 [+ or -] 0.14 (n = 22) vs. 1.31 [+ or -] 0.28 (n = 16) pA/pF at +20 mV (P < 0.05)] and BKca and [Ca.sub.L] current densities increased [B[K.sub.Ca]: 1.70 [+ or -] 0.37 (n = 23) vs. 0.88 [+ or -] 0.22 (n = 19) pA/pF at +20 mV (P < 0.05); [Ca.sub.L]: -2.17 [+ or -] 0.21 (n = 35) vs. -1.31 [+ or -] 0.10 (n = 26) pA/pF at +10 mV (P < 0.05)]. Similar changes were also observed in SHR vs. WKY cerebral VSMCs: [K.sub.V] current density decreased [1.03 [+ or -] 0.33 (n = 9) vs. 1.62 [+ or -] 0.64 (n = 9) pA/pF at +20 mV (P < 0.05)] and B[K.sub.Ca] and [Ca.sub.L] current densities increased [BKca: 2.54 [+ or -] 0.47 (n = 11) vs. 1.12 [+ or -] 0.33 (n = 12) pA/pF at +20 mV (P < 0.05); [Ca.sub.L]: -3.99 [+ or -] 0.53 (n = 12) vs. -2.28 [+ or -] 0.20 (n = 10) pA/pF at +20 mV (P < 0.05)]. These findings support our hypothesis, and their impact on space cardiovascular research is discussed. postspaceflight cardiovascular deconditioning; hindlimb unloading; hypertension; cerebral vasculature; vascular smooth muscle cells; voltage-gated potassium channels; large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels; voltage-dependent calcium channels

Differential activation of potassium channels in cerebral and hindquarter arteries of rats during simulated microgravity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 287: H1505-H1515, 2004. First published May 13. 2004: 10.1152/ajpheart.00143.2004.--The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that differential autoregulation of cerebral and hindquarter arteries during simulated microgravity is mediated or modulated by differential activation of [K.sup.+] channels in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of arteries in different anatomic regions. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to l-and 4-wk tail suspension to simulate the cardiovascular deconditioning effect due to short- and medium-term microgravity. [K.sup.+] channel function of VSMCs was studied by pharmacological methods and patch-clamp techniques. Large-conductance [Ca.sup.2+]-activated [K.sup.+] (B[K.sub.Ca) and voltage-gated [K.sup.+] ([K.sub.v]) currents were determined by subtracting the current recorded after applications of 1 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 1 mM TEA + 3 mM 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), respectively, from that of before. For cerebral vessels, the normalized contractility of basilar arterial rings to TEA, a B[K.sub.Ca] blocker, and 4-AP, a [K.sub.v] blocker, was significantly decreased after 1-and 4-wk simulated microgravity, respectively. VSMCs isolated from the middle cerebral artery branches of suspended rats had a more depolarized membrane potential ([E.sub.m]) and a smaller [K.sup.+] current density compared with those of control rats. Furthermore, the reduced total current density was due to smaller B[K.sub.Ca] and smaller [K.sub.v] current density in cerebral VSMCs after 1- and 4-wk tail suspension, respectively. For hindquarter vessels, VSMCs isolated from second- to sixth-order small mesenteric arteries of both 1- and 4-wk suspended rats had a more negative [E.sub.m] and larger [K.sup.+] current densities for total, B[K.sub.Ca], and [K.sub.v], currents. These results indicate that differential activation of [K.sup.+] channels occur in cerebral and hindquarter VSMCs during short- and medium-term simulated microgravity. It is further suggested that different profiles of channel remodeling might occur in VSMCs as one of the important underlying cellular mechanisms to mediate and modulate differential vascular adaptation during microgravity. hindlimb unloading; ion channels vessels; voltage-dependent potassium channels: calcium-dependent potassium channels

The key point of ecological civilization construction is to explore an effective ecological environment supervision system, to standardize corporate pollution, to supervise the local governments, and to break the government-enterprise environment arbitrage space. Therefore, changing the relationship between government and business to achieve high-quality economic development has become a focus of current research. In 2015-2018, the central environmental inspection group of the CPC Central Committee completed the first round of inspection of 31 provinces and cities. On the basis of this event, this paper adopted the multiphase DID method according to different starting times of the inspection and explored the impact of eco-accountability on the government-business relationship by taking listed companies in industries that might cause pollution as samples. The results showed that: (1) Local governments were more cautious when granting government subsidies after experiencing eco-accountability; they tended to reduce the soft-binding subsidies, but not reduce the support for corporate environmental innovation. (2) Ecological accountability had the dual effect of strong political pressure and environmental regulation, and the effect of political pressure was stronger than that of environmental regulation. (3) Furthermore, the nature of corporate ownership and the hiring of politically connected executives could affect the effectiveness of ecological accountability. Compared with non-state-owned companies, state-owned companies could avoid the impact of ecological accountability. The government subsidies companies received for hiring politically connected executives were significantly reduced after ecological accountability. (4) High financial dependence on listed companies counteracted the effect of eco-accountability, but it was ineffective in the face of political pressure. (5) There were significant differences in the effects of eco-accountability in different investment structures of pollution control. The study showed that eco-accountability forced local governments to take regional environmental performance into account in maintaining political stability, weakening the established political-business relationship. Only by restricting the local arbitrary behavior and optimizing the allocation of local resources, can a new type of government-business relationship begin to be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) lines can vary significantly in their functional characteristics, and the effectiveness of MSC-based therapeutics may be realized by finding predictive features associated with MSC function. To identify features associated with immunosuppressive capacity in MSCs, we developed a robust in vitro assay that uses principal-component analysis to integrate multidimensional flow cytometry data into a single measurement of MSC-mediated inhibition of T-cell activation. We used this assay to correlate single-cell morphological data with overall immunosuppressive capacity in a cohort of MSC lines derived from different donors and manufacturing conditions. MSC morphology after IFN-γ stimulation significantly correlated with immunosuppressive capacity and accurately predicted the immunosuppressive capacity of MSC lines in a validation cohort. IFN-γ enhanced the immunosuppressive capacity of all MSC lines, and morphology predicted the magnitude of IFN-γ–enhanced immunosuppressive activity. Together, these data identify MSC morphology as a predictive feature of MSC immunosuppressive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]