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Purpose: Apremilast is a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor FDA approved for psoriatic arthritis and moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. In recent years, multiple studies have suggested other potential uses for apremilast in dermatology. A summary of these various studies will be a valuable aid to dermatologists considering apremilast for an alternative indication.Materials and methods: The PubMed/MEDLINE and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were queried with the term 'apremilast,' with results manually screened to identify published data on off-label uses of apremilast. The article was structured by the quality of evidence available.Results: Apremilast use in dermatology beyond plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis is frequently described in the literature, with a mixture of positive and negative results. Randomized controlled data is available for Behçet's disease, hidradenitis suppurativa, nail/scalp/palmoplantar psoriasis, alopecia areata, and atopic dermatitis.Conclusion: The relatively safe adverse effect profile of apremilast and its broad immunomodulatory characteristics may make it a promising option in the future for patients with difficult to treat diseases in dermatology, refractory to first line therapies, but further studies will be necessary to clarify its role.

Osteoma cutis is the presence of bone within the dermis or subcutaneous tissue. This condition may occur sporadically or secondary to other dermatologic or genetic conditions. We present a 12-year-old girl with pseudohypoparathyroidism type-Ia who developed osteoma cutis on the right thigh.

Acne excoriée (AE) is a skin picking disorder (SPD) within the group of obsessive compulsive (OCD) and related disorders characterized by the compulsive manipulation of acne lesions. AE typically appears in females during adolescence or young adulthood and can cause significant disfigurement and psychosocial impairment. This disorder is under‐recognized due to patient discomfort to disclose excoriation habits or lack of behavior awareness. It is imperative that dermatologists accurately diagnose and treat this disorder to minimize long‐term damage to the skin. This review aims to provide an overview of the diagnosis and treatment options for AE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The development of new and changing melanocytic lesions has been increasingly reported as an adverse dermatologic toxicity of BRAF inhibitor therapy. Melanocytic lesions and melanomas induced by BRAF inhibitor therapy that lack BRAF V600E expression have been less commonly described. One mechanism that has been proposed for the development of BRAF inhibitor-induced melanocytic lesions, including those lacking BRAF V600E expression, is the paradoxical activation of the MAPK signaling pathway in BRAF wild-type (BRAFWT) cells. Case Presentation: Herein, we report a rare case of a 39-year-old woman who developed numerous BRAF V600E-negative eruptive melanocytic nevi following encorafenib, cetuximab, and binimetinib combination therapy, the current standard of care for the treatment of BRAF-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer. Conclusion: Patients treated with BRAF inhibitors, with or without related combination therapies, who develop BRAFWT melanocytic lesions are at risk for developing both dysplastic nevi and melanoma, thereby warranting baseline dermatoscopic evaluation prior to the initiation of therapy as well as regular follow-up during and after treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a case of a liver transplant recipient who developed cryptococcal panniculitis, an unusual inflammatory reaction, after initiating therapy with liposomal amphotericin B for disseminated Cryptococcus neoformans infection. The topics covered include the rare phenomenon of paradoxical inflammatory reactions and the clinical implications of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)-like responses in immunocompromised patients.

Over the past decade, many new biologic and small-molecule drugs have been approved for psoriasis. These specialty drugs tend to be expensive and place financial burden on the healthcare system as well as patients. This study aims to explore trends in Medicare Part D spending and prescription patterns for psoriasis drugs by dermatologists. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' (CMS) Medicare Part D Public Use Files from 2013 to 2017 were utilized to examine prescription rates and pricing FDA-approved psoriasis drugs. From 2013 to 2017, psoriasis drugs accounted for 41% of total Medicare Part D spending by dermatologists in the database, of which biologics accounted for 86.5%. The proportion of psoriasis-related spending increased from 36% of total spending in 2013 to 53% in 2017. Prescriptions of etanercept decreased while prescribers of newly approved drugs increased significantly. The cost per day of biologics were significantly variable in 2013 but converged toward similar costs in 2017. Psoriasis prescriptions comprise a large, increasing proportion of Medicare Part D spending related to dermatology. These increasing costs have significant implications for the healthcare system and affect out-of-pocket costs for patients who rely on such medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Femtosecond laser processing is optimized for writing optical circuits, optical resonators, and microfluidic devices inside the cladding of single-mode optical fiber that couple efficiently with the fiber core waveguide. The laser processes open new directions towards Labon-a-Fiber.

Dear Editor, Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is typically a low-grade malignancy of the salivary glands. In addition, it is possible that cases of secondary metastasis of mucoepidermoid carcinomas could mistakenly be coded as primary tumors, and the workup and histopathologic examination to exclude another primary site or differentiate this tumor from adenosquamous carcinoma may have varied between patients. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the skin: a distinct entity from adenosquamous carcinoma: a case study with a review of the literature. [Extracted from the article]

Hypertrichosis and hair repigmentation in patients receiving interleukin-17A inhibitors Dear Editor Interleukin (IL)-17A inhibitors are novel biological therapies used in the treatment of psoriasis. All five reported patients to date were male with a median age of 62 (range 39-85) and moderate-to-severe psoriasis at baseline (Table 1).1-4 Two patients had erythrodermic psoriasis, two had severe plaque psoriasis, and one had moderate recalcitrant psoriasis. [Extracted from the article]

Primary spindle cell sarcoma is a rare neoplasm with great heterogeneity in clinicopathologic presentation and morphological features. This previous study showed that a superficial, cutaneous, primary site of spindle cell sarcoma was associated with both better overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) than an internal site.[2] Due to the paucity of epidemiological data on this disease, we specifically interrogated outcomes of patients with primary spindle cell sarcoma of the skin. Given that spindle cell sarcoma is a morphologic description of an undifferentiated neoplasm, modern immunohistochemical and molecular tests applied to cases diagnosed in earlier years may have allowed more accurate subclassification. [Extracted from the article]