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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used as analgesic agents. They have been detected in various environmental matrices. The degradation of environmental contaminants and the long-term adverse effects have become a major public concern. Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen can cause damage to the developing hippocampus. However, the molecular mechanisms behind hippocampal damage following prenatal acetaminophen exposure (PAcE) remain unclear. The present study shows an increased risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring following exposure to acetaminophen during pregnancy on mice. The results revealed that different doses, timings, and duration of exposure to acetaminophen during pregnancy were associated with dose-dependent changes in the hippocampus of the offspring. Furthermore, exposure to high doses, multiple-treatment courses, and late pregnancy induced pathological changes, such as wrinkling and vacuolation, inhibited hippocampal proliferation and increased apoptosis. In addition, PAcE significantly decreased the expression of genes related to synaptic development in fetal hippocampal neurons and hippocampal astrocyte and microglia were also damaged to varying degrees. The significant reduction either in SOX2, an essential gene in regulating neural progenitor cell proliferation, and reduction of genes related to the SOX2/Notch pathway may suggest that the role of SOX2/Notch pathway in impaired hippocampal development in the offspring due to PAcE. In general, PAcE at high doses, multiple-treatment courses, and mid- and late gestation were associated with neurodevelopmental toxicity to the offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the aim to study the effects of burial depth on seismic response in the subway station’s structure embedded in saturated soft soil, on the basis of the OpenSEES program, numerical models with four cases of burial depth for the nonlinear interaction system including subway station’s structure and saturated soft soil are developed with the u-p formulations of Biot’s theory as it seeks to describe the saturated two-phase media. The effects of burial depth on the seismic response and the failure pattern of the subway station structure are investigated. The numerical results show that (1) the burial depth has a significant effect on the nonuniform uplift of station’s structure due to the movement of soil from far field towards baseplate; (2) with the increase of burial depth, the inertial effect of overlaying soil of the subway station structure becomes more obvious, and the peak zone of the pore pressure ratio contracts from the outer area to the baseplate bottom with decreasing amplitude; (3) the dynamic index R decreases with the increasing burial depth of the station’s structure; and (4) in terms of the middle column, the burial depth of the station’s structure has the most crucial effect on the additional dynamic shear force and bending moment at the top end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]