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One approach that shows promising for producing hydrogen fuel from solar energy is photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The main challenge is to design effective photoanodes. Although bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is an ideal photoanode in terms of absorbing visible light, serious electron–hole recombination and poor charge transport limit its application as a photoanode of PEC. Dye sensitization is the key method to improve electron transfer and light utilization. Herein, an enhanced dye (rhodamine B, RhB)-sensitized BiVO4/BiOCl system was explored. The results show that the process of RhB sensitization BiVO4 requires BiOCl as a bridge. The RhB-sensitized BiVO4/BiOCl system exhibits excellent photoelectrochemical activity, which is attributed to its enhanced photoinduced electron transport and wider visible light response range. This inspiration comes from the mythical story of China, "Cowherd and the Weaver Girl Meet at the Magpie Bridge". The combination of dye sensitization and BiVO4/BiOCl heterojunction explored an energy-saving, efficient and green light-induced system to improve the PEC efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The morbidity and mortality associated with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) generally increase steeply, and health systems will face increasing demand for services. The present study aims to screen key genes to give new insight into the mechanisms and treatment of VCI based on bioinformatic approaches combined with biological experiments in rats. The gene expression data of VCI patients contained in the GSE122063 data set were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. We performed a weighted gene co-expression network analysis to identify a hub module and 44 hub genes. Two hundred and seventy-seven differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using R software by the "limma" package. STRING database was used to construct protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, after which 36 hub genes were identified through Cytoscape. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these genes from the yellow module and 277 DEGs were mainly associated with these pathways, such as Staphylococcus aureus infection, complement, and coagulation cascades. These biological functions are related to inflammatory cell activation and inflammatory response. The key genes of VCI were the overlapping hub genes from the yellow module and the PPI network. The expressions of hub genes in rats were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. In conclusion, C1QA, C1QB, C1QC, CD163, and FCGR2A were highly expressed in the hippocampus of VCI rats, and they can serve as candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of VCI. Finally, molecular docking results suggested that 5 genes interact with Bisphenol A. These findings open a new avenue to investigate molecular mechanisms for preventing or treating VCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunocharacteristics-based typing strategies can be used to reflect the similar status of tumors. Therefore, we aimed to demonstrate whether the immune subtypes of GBM have independent prognostic efficacy and whether these subtypes can be used as clinical guidance for predicting the progression of GBM and determining drug sensitivity. In this study, we found that patients with GBM were divided into three conserved immune-related subtypes based on the infiltration level of immune cells, including immunosuppressed, moderate immunoactivity, and high immunoactivity. Regarding the relevant clinical significance, the high immunoactivity in GBM indicates the worst survival, which exhibited the highest levels of oncogenic activity, including angiogenesis, tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-associated fibroblasts, indicated worst survival. The immunosuppressive subtype of GBM was more likely to carry epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and MGMT methylation, and belong to the classical and proneural subtypes; however, but the high immunoactivity subtype was not. The immune subtype-specific transcription factors (TFs) regulatory network indicates that specific TFs drive the construction of each immune subtype, and that these subtype-specific TFs are more prone to internal TFs regulation. Furthermore, the immunosuppressed and moderate immunoactivity subtypes were significantly correlated with the drugs sensitivity, whereas the high immunoactivity subtype was not, indicating that GBMs with high immunoactivity were refractory. We also found that obatoclax mesylate, NPK76-II-72-1, gemcitabine, TAK-715 are potential drugs for the treatment of refractory GBM based on drug sensitivity models of different immune subtypes. Therefore, we demonstrated that the immune subtypes of GBM have independent prognostic efficacy and can be used as clinical guidance for predicting the progression of GBM and drug sensitivity. Most importantly, this study is expected to provide a pathway for the development of effective drugs for treatment of refractory GBM., Competing Interests: None., (AJCR Copyright © 2023.)