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163 results on '"Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang"'

3. Differential Effects of Bacillus Species-Fermented Products on Antibiotic Resistome and Virulence Factor Gene Composition in the Cecal Digesta of Broilers.

Author

Hsiao, Felix Shih-Hsiang, Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang, Chen, Hsiu-Wei, and Yu, Yu-Hsiang

Subjects
*BACILLUS (Bacteria), *DRUG resistance in bacteria, *PEPTIDES, *GENES, *ANTIBIOTICS
Abstract

This study investigated the differential effects of Bacillus subtilis- and Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products (defined as SFP and LFPs, respectively) on microbial antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) and virulence factor gene (VFG) composition in the cecal digesta of 35-day-old broilers by using metagenomic sequencing. First, 160 1-day-old unsexed Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allocated to four treatment groups: basal diet (CON group); basal diet + enramycin (10 mg/kg, ENM group); basal diet + SFPs (108 colony-forming units (CFU) of B. subtilis spores/kg, SFP group); and basal diet + LFPs (108 CFU of B. licheniformis spores/kg, LFP group). Principal coordinate analysis of ARG and VFG composition indicated distinct clustering among the cecal samples of the groups. At the antibiotic resistance class level, LFP treatment increased the expression of peptide resistance genes and decreased the expression of aminocoumarin resistance genes compared with the other groups. Compared with the other groups, LFP treatment promoted bcrA, ugd, and efrB expression but suppressed parY expression, whereas SFP treatment inhibited efrA expression. The abundance of the peptide resistance gene bcrA in Lachnoclostridium species was higher in the CON and LFP groups than in the ENM and SFP groups, whereas the abundance of the peptide resistance gene rpoB2 in Bacteroides species was lower in the ENM and LFP groups than in the SFP group. No specific VFGs were regulated only by SFPs or LFPs. SFP and LFP treatment inhibited clpC expression compared with the other groups. clpC abundance in Bacteroides species was lower in the LFP group than in the CON group, whereas its abundance in Faecalibacterium species was lower in the SFP group than in the CON and ENM groups. These results demonstrated that SFPs and LFPs differentially regulate microbial ARG and VFG composition in the cecal digesta of broilers. LFP supplementation modulated more antibiotic resistance classes and ARGs than did SFP supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Differential Effects of BacillusSpecies-Fermented Products on Antibiotic Resistome and Virulence Factor Gene Composition in the Cecal Digesta of Broilers

Author

Hsiao, Felix Shih-Hsiang, Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang, Chen, Hsiu-Wei, and Yu, Yu-Hsiang

Abstract

This study investigated the differential effects of Bacillus subtilis-and Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products (defined as SFP and LFPs, respectively) on microbial antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) and virulence factor gene (VFG) composition in the cecal digesta of 35-day-old broilers by using metagenomic sequencing. First, 160 1-day-old unsexed Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allocated to four treatment groups: basal diet (CON group); basal diet + enramycin (10 mg/kg, ENM group); basal diet + SFPs (108 colony-forming units (CFU) of B. subtilisspores/kg, SFP group); and basal diet + LFPs (108 CFU of B. licheniformisspores/kg, LFP group). Principal coordinate analysis of ARG and VFG composition indicated distinct clustering among the cecal samples of the groups. At the antibiotic resistance class level, LFP treatment increased the expression of peptide resistance genes and decreased the expression of aminocoumarin resistance genes compared with the other groups. Compared with the other groups, LFP treatment promoted bcrA, ugd, and efrBexpression but suppressed parYexpression, whereas SFP treatment inhibited efrAexpression. The abundance of the peptide resistance gene bcrAin Lachnoclostridiumspecies was higher in the CON and LFP groups than in the ENM and SFP groups, whereas the abundance of the peptide resistance gene rpoB2in Bacteroidesspecies was lower in the ENM and LFP groups than in the SFP group. No specific VFGs were regulated only by SFPs or LFPs. SFP and LFP treatment inhibited clpCexpression compared with the other groups. clpCabundance in Bacteroidesspecies was lower in the LFP group than in the CON group, whereas its abundance in Faecalibacteriumspecies was lower in the SFP group than in the CON and ENM groups. These results demonstrated that SFPs and LFPs differentially regulate microbial ARG and VFG composition in the cecal digesta of broilers. LFP supplementation modulated more antibiotic resistance classes and ARGs than did SFP supplementation.

Published
2024
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18. Bacillus licheniformis-Fermented Products Improve Growth Performance and Intestinal Gut Morphology in Broilers under Clostridium perfringens Challenge

Author

Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang, Horng, Yi-Bing, Dybus, Andrzej, and Yu, Yu-Hsiang

Subjects
Clostridium perfringens, food and beverages, Bacillus licheniformis, Full Papers, intestinal morphology, broiler, fermented products
Abstract

Necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens has reemerged as a severe poultry disease worldwide since the ban on the routine use of antibiotics in animal feed. Probiotics are considered alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. Bacillus species are the most common microorganisms used as probiotics in the feed industry. The current study investigated the growth and surfactin levels of Bacillus licheniformis in solid-state fermentation using different substrates and evaluated the effects of B. licheniformis-fermented products on growth performance and intestinal morphology in broilers exposed to C. perfringens. The highest viable biomass and surfactin concentration of B. licheniformis-fermented products was observed at 2% molasses and 20% soybean meal supplementation during fermentation (P

Published
2021

23. The effect of polymorphism in the FADS2 gene on the fatty acid composition of bovine milk

Author

Proskura, Witold Stanisław, Liput, Michał, Zaborski, Daniel, Sobek, Zbigniew, Yu, Yu-Hsiang, Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang, and Dybus, Andrzej

Subjects
lcsh:Agriculture, lcsh:Zoology, lcsh:S, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Animal culture, lcsh:QL1-991, lcsh:Science, lcsh:SF1-1100
Abstract

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a role in a wide variety of physiological processes. They are produced by a series of desaturation and elongation reactions. Δ-6-desaturase is a membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) to stearidonic acid (18:4n-3) and γ-linolenic acid (18:3n-6). It is encoded by the FADS2 gene located on bovine chromosome 29. The aim of this study was to identify a single nucleotide polymorphism in the FADS2 gene and to determine possible associations with milk fatty acid composition in two breeds of dairy cattle, i.e., Jersey and Polish Holstein-Friesian. Direct DNA sequencing revealed the presence of an A-to-G substitution in intron 3 of the FADS2 gene (rs209202414). Both populations were genotyped with an appropriate PCR-RFLP assay. The following genotype distributions were observed: for Jerseys, AA = 0.24, AG = 0.63, and GG = 0.13; for Polish Holstein-Friesians, AA = 0.17, AG = 0.40, and GG = 0.43. In Jerseys, statistically significant relationships were found between the FASD2 genotypes and the following milk fatty acids: lauric (P=0.0486), behenic (P=0.0199), lignoceric (P=0.0209), oleic (P=0.0386), eicosatrienoic (P=0.0113), and docosadienoic (P=0.0181). In Polish Holstein-Friesian cows, significant associations were observed for erucic (P=0.0460) and docosahexaenoic (P=0.0469) acids. The study indicated the A-to-G substitution (rs209202414) in the bovine FADS2 gene as a potential genetic marker for fatty acid composition in cattle milk.

Published
2019

24. Effect of Cordyceps militaris Hot Water Extract on Immunomodulation-associated Gene Expression in Broilers, Gallus gallus

Author

Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang, Hsieh, Yi-Chun, and Yu, Yu-Hsiang

Subjects
animal structures, lipopolysaccharide, Full Papers, broiler, immunomodulation, Cordyceps militaris
Abstract

Cordyceps militaris is a well-known Chinese medicinal fungus that has been used as a nutraceutical food in several Asian countries. Cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine), a secondary metabolite produced from Cordyceps militaris, has been demonstrated to exert a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as anti-microbial and antitumor activities. However, the effect of cordycepin on immunomodulation in broilers is poorly investigated. In the current study, we investigated the effect of cordycepin (9.69, 19.38, and 38.76 mg) from Cordyceps militaris hot water extract (CMHW) on growth performance and immunocompetence in broilers. Results showed that CMHW significantly decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels in the bursa of Fabricius after 4 weeks of feeding (P

Published
2019

44. Effects of Soybean Meal Fermented by LactobacillusSpecies and Clostridium butyricumon Growth Performance, Diarrhea Incidence, and Fecal Bacteria in Weaning Piglets

Author

Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang, Su, Li-Wen, Horng, Yi-Bing, and Yu, Yu-Hsiang

Abstract

Fermented soybean meal (FSBM) has been widely investigated as a nutritional strategy for reducing the use of fish meal (FM) and antibiotic growth promoters. Microbial fermentation by using bacteria can increase the bioavailability of nutrients and reduce the levels of antinutritional factors in soybean meal (SBM). In this study, we evaluated whether FSBM produced from Lactobacillusspecies and Clostridium butyricumimproves growth performance, diarrhea incidence, and fecal bacteria in weaning piglets. Eighty-four crossbred male piglets with an average initial body weight of 8.36±0.63 kg were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments consisting of 7 replicate stalls with 4 piglets each. The dietary treatments were: (1) 3% FM in the diet; (2) 5% FSBM in the diet; and (3) 3% FM in the diet plus 4 mg/kg antibiotic growth promoters (AGP). We determined that growth performance was unaffected in FSBM-fed weaning piglets compared with a FM group. Similar to the AGP group, FSBM supplementation significantly reduced diarrhea incidence in weaning piglets. The number of fecal Lactobacillusspecies significantly increased in 28-day-old FSBM-fed weaning piglets compared with the other groups. Compared with AGP, FSBM has the highest inhibitory effect on the number of fecal Enterobacteriaceaeat 28 d old. Furthermore, serum immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A levels in FSBM-fed weaning piglets significantly increased at the same age. These results together indicate that FSBM can replace FM in the diets of weaning piglets without affecting growth performance. Furthermore, similar to AGP, FSBM could improve diarrhea incidence, fecal bacteria, and immunoglobulin levels in weaning piglets. Therefore, SBM fermented by Lactobacillusspecies and C. butyricumdemonstrated high potential for development as swine feed ingredients.

Published
2019
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45. Simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens by multiplex PCR coupled with DNA biochip hybridization.

Author

Tung, Hsiang-Yun, Chen, Wei-Chen, Ou, Bor-Rung, Yeh, Jan-Ying, Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang, Tsng, Ping-Hua, Hsu, Ming-Hua, Tsai, Ming-Shiun, and Liang, Yu-Chuan

Subjects
ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay, SEROPREVALENCE, QUARANTINE, POLYMERASE chain reaction, BIOCHIPS, ANIMAL diseases
Abstract

Traditional serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is routinely used to monitor pathogens during quarantine in most animal facilities to prevent possible infection. However, the ELISA platform is a single-target assay, and screening all targeted pathogens is time-consuming and laborious. In this study, to increase sensitivity and to reduce diagnosis time for high-throughput processes, multiplex PCR and DNA biochip techniques were combined to develop a multi-pathogen diagnostic method for use instead of routine ELISA. Eight primer sets were designed for multiplex PCR to detect genes from seven targeted bacterial and viral pathogens. DNA–DNA hybridization was conducted on a biochip following the multiple PCR analysis. Using this method, a total of 24 clinical samples were tested, and the result showed that not only single infection but also co-infection by multi-pathogens can be detected. In conclusion, multiplex PCR coupled with a DNA biochip is an efficient method for detecting multi-pathogens in a reaction. This platform is a useful tool for quarantine services and disease prevention in animal facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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48. Optimization of Mixed Solid-state Fermentation of Soybean Meal by LactobacillusSpecies and Clostridium butyricum

Author

SU, LI-WEN, CHENG, YEONG-HSIANG, HSIAO, FELIX SHIH-HSIANG, HAN, JIN-CHENG, and YU, YU-HSIANG

Abstract

Soybean meal is the main vegetable protein source in animal feed. Soybean meal contains several anti-nutritional factors, which directly affect digestion and absorption of soy protein, thereby reducing growth performance and value in animals. Fermented soybean meal is rich in probiotics and functional metabolites, which facilitates soybean protein digestion, absorption and utilization in piglets. However, the mixed solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions of soybean meal remain to be optimized. In this study, we investigated the optimal parameters for SSF of soybean meal by Lactobacillusspecies and Clostridium butyricum. The results showed that two days of fermentation was sufficient to increase the viable count of bacteria, lactic acid levels and degradation of soybean protein in fermented soybean meal at the initial moisture content of 50%. The pH value, lowering sugar content and oligosaccharides in fermented soybean meal, was significantly reduced at the initial moisture content of 50% after two days of fermentation. Furthermore, the exogenous proteases used in combination with probiotics supplementation were further able to enhance the viable count of bacteria, degradation of soybean protein and lactic acid level in the fermented soybean meal. In addition, the pH value and sugar content in fermented soybean meal were considerably reduced in the presence of both proteases and probiotics. Furthermore, the fermented soybean meal also showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureusand Escherichia coli. These results together suggest that supplementation of both proteases and probiotics in SSF improves the nutritional value of fermented soybean meal and this is suitable as a protein source in animal feed.

Published
2018
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