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Isotope effect on superconductive transition temperature (T c) is an essential indicator to examine whether the mechanism of superconductors is conventional. Unconventional isotope effect of BiS2-based superconductors has been previously reported in ambient-pressure tetragonal phase. However, to comprehensively ascertain the nature of superconductivity, the investigation of BiS2-based system in high-pressure structure is highly desirable. In this work, we carried out the first-principles calculations of phonon spectra and superconductivity in high-pressure monoclinic phase of LaO0.5F0.5BiS2 with 32S and 34S, and observed that the corresponding isotope coefficient is 0.13 ≤ α ≤ 0.20. This value is much greater than that of BiS2-based superconductors in ambient-pressure phase, but slightly smaller than that of conventional MgB2. Taking into account the calculated T c lower than experimental results, we finally conclude that the moderate phonon-mediated pairing plays a significant role in forming superconductivity of BiS2-based system in high-pressure phase, moreover, the cooperative multiple paring interactions should also be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the Chinese Goshawks (Accipiter soloensis) during spring migration along the Western Pacific flyway around Taiwan in 2004. Weather radar at Kenting and Chiku was used to study migrant behavior and the spatial and temporal distribution. A regression model relating bird count to radar image reflectivity was used to estimate the birds' passage in the area during five days in April 2004. It concludes that the birds flew slower and higher over land than over water and their ground speed increased with favorable winds.

Many of us interact with voice- or text-based conversational agents daily, but these conversational agents may unintentionally retrieve misinformation from human knowledge databases, confabulate responses on their own, or purposefully spread disinformation for political purposes. Does such misinformation or disinformation become part of our memory to further misguide our decisions? If so, can we prevent humans from suffering such social contagion of false memory? Using a social contagion of memory paradigm, here, we precisely controlled a social robot as an example of these emerging conversational agents. In a series of two experiments (Σ N = 120), the social robot occasionally misinformed participants prior to a recognition memory task. We found that the robot was as powerful as humans at influencing others. Despite the supplied misinformation being emotion- and value-neutral and hence not intrinsically contagious and memorable, 77% of the socially misinformed words became the participants' false memory. To mitigate such social contagion of false memory, the robot also forewarned the participants about its reservation toward the misinformation. However, one-time forewarnings failed to reduce false memory contagion. Even relatively frequent, item-specific forewarnings could not prevent warned items from becoming false memory, although such forewarnings helped increase the participants' overall cautiousness. Therefore, we recommend designing conversational agents to, at best, avoid providing uncertain information or, at least, provide frequent forewarnings about potentially false information. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: To investigate the status of household disaster preparedness in 4 counties of Shaanxi province and explore the affecting factors., Methods: During the period from September to October in 2008, multi-stage sampling was used to select subjects from urban and rural residents in Xincheng district, Hantai district, Fuping county and Xunyang county of Shaanxi province. Questionnaire survey was conducted among 1945 subjects aged 18-88 years to investigate their experience and expectation of disaster events, preparedness knowledge, activities and emergency supplies. Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing household disaster preparedness., Results: The average age of the 1945 subjects was (43.55 ± 12.76) years old. A total of 7.12% (138/1939) of respondents never experienced disaster. Earthquake and fire (57.35% (1175/2049), 19.81% (406/2049), respectively) were rated as the two disasters most likely to occur. The awareness rate of knowledge about household disaster preparedness was 51.43% (989/1923), and 23.41% (454/1939) discussed how to prepare for disaster with their family, only 9.27% (179/1932) attended evacuation drill. The rates of preparing household emergency supplies were 23.64% (230/973), 30.56% (55/180), 31.19% (141/452) and 54.49% (97/178) for urban residents, subjects with junior college or above education, subjects having frequent family discussions of disaster preparedness and subjects participating in emergency rescue drills, respectively. For subjects with junior high school, senior high school and junior college or higher education, the likelihood of preparing household emergency supplies was 5.02 (95%CI: 1.12 - 22.42), 5.74 (95%CI: 1.27 - 26.04) and 6.84 (95%CI: 1.44 - 32.39) times as that of illiterate, respectively. Urban residents, subjects who often discussed disaster preparedness with their family, and who participated in emergency rescue drills were more likely to prepare emergency supplies than rural residents (OR = 4.38, 95%CI: 2.74 - 7.00), those who never discussed (OR = 4.99, 95%CI: 2.52 - 9.91), and who didn't participate (OR = 5.72, 95%CI: 3.84 - 8.51)., Conclusion: The residents in 4 counties of Shaanxi lack comprehensive knowledge and appropriate activities of disaster preparedness, the rate of preparing household emergency supplies is low. Higher education, living in urban area, frequent family discussions of disaster preparedness and participating in emergency rescue drills are facilitating factors of preparing household emergency supplies.

Objective: To understand the status of knowledge and behavior of drug use among urban and rural residents in 5 provinces in China to suggest priority intervention strategies and measures for drug use health education., Methods: From March to May of 2011, 6159 urban and rural residents were selected from Beijing, Liaoning, Zhejiang, Yunnan, Shaanxi provinces by the multistage stratified sampling method and were investigated by the questionnaires on drug use knowledge and behavior., Results: The residents' average awareness rate for 11 pieces of basic drug use information was 48.3% (32,750/67,749). The residents' average awareness rate in the rural (40.3%, 9189/22 792) was lower than that in metropolitan (51.9%, 11 483/22 110) and small and middle-sized cities (52.9%, 12,078/22,847) and the differences had statistical significance (χ2=889.30, P<0.01). Overall, 77.0% (4742/6159) of residents purchased drug according to the doctors' prescription; 36.9% (2271/6159) of residents bought by their experiences; 33.3% (2049/6159) of residents did not know whether they had bought faked drugs; 32.7% (2016/6159) of residents did not read instructions carefully before using drug; 83.4% (5134/6159) of residents stored drugs in their house and only 29.2% (1798/6159) of residents would check up expired drugs regularly; 59.6% (3673/6159) of residents changed drug by themselves after suspected adverse reaction of drugs., Conclusion: Chinese urban and rural residents' knowledge level of drug use is inadequate and drug use behaviors are not optimistic. Drug use health education should be enhanced among urban and rural residents.

Objective: To establish a comprehensive evaluation indicator system for healthy literacy based on national survey data., Method: A multi-stage stratified sampling method was carried out to select the sample population in six provinces of China, which were adults aged 18 - 69 years old. The national health literacy questionnaire was used to investigate the sample populations. The answers were scored according to the error answer of 0, uncertain answer of 1 and the correct answer of 2. The degrees of difficulty and difference were calculated and be used to screen the indicators from the questionnaire as to establishing the comprehensive evaluation indicator system of the health literacy. The Cronbach alpha coefficient, correlation analysis, regression analysis and cluster analysis methods were used to assess the reliability and validity of the indicator system., Results: The samples were 11 759 people, the valid questionnaires were 11 693 and the effective recovery rate was 99.4%, the Myer' index of sample was 4.92. There were 40 indexes selected to establish the comprehensive evaluation indicator system of health literacy. The correlation coefficient between indicator system and the questionnaire scores was 0.948 (P < 0.01), there were the significant differences between groups of being clustered by Q cluster analysis method (P < 0.01). The VIF of these four dimensions was less than 5., Conclusion: In this study, the comprehensive evaluation indicator system had a good reliability and validity, and there existed no collinearity among four dimensions of indicator system, it should be the foundation for developing comprehensive evaluation index of health literacy.

Objective: To investigate the effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha induced insulin resistance (IR) on glucose and lipid metabolism and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)., Methods: Forty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 2 equal groups: TNF-alpha group with undergoing intraperitoneal injection of TNF-alpha 6 microg x kg(-1) x d(-1) for 7 days and normal control (NC) group with saline injection. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique combined with 2-deoxy-[(3)H] glucose as a tracer was used on 20 mice, 10 from each group, to examine the fasting blood glucose (FBG), plasma insulin (INS), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA). The glucose infusion rate (GIR) was recorded. Other 20 mice, 10 in each group, were killed with their adipose and/or muscle tissues taken out. RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of ATGL, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma). Western blotting was used to measure the protein expression of ATGL. Muscle glucose uptake (MGU) was measured., Results: After TNF-alpha treatment, the FBG, plasma INS, and FFA were significantly elevated in the TNF group compared with the NC group (all P < 0.05). During the steady-state of clamp test, the plasma INS level of the TNF group was (341.7 +/- 17.7) mU/L, significantly higher than that of the NC group [(84.7 +/- 5.5) mU/L, P < 0.01]. The FFA level of the TNF group was (0.82 +/- 0.03) mmol/L, significantly higher than that of the NC group [(0.43 +/- 0.07) mmol/L, P < 0.01]. The GIR of the TNF group was (39.1 +/- 2.3) mg x kg(-1)x min(-1), significantly lower than that of the NC group [(54.2 +/- 2.2) mg x kg(-1) x min(-1), P < 0.01]. The MGU level of the TNF group was (15.8 +/- 1.7) micromol.100 g(-1) x min(-1), significantly lower than that of the NC group [(20.9 +/- 2.5) micromol.100 g(-1) x min(-1), P < 0.01]. The ATGL mRNA expression level in adipose tissues of the TNF group was (0.85 +/- 0.09), significantly lower than that of the NC group (1.37 +/- 0.12, P < 0.01). The ATGL protein expression level of the TNF group was 0.53 +/- 0.03, significantly lower than that of the NC group (0.65 +/- 0.05, P < 0.05). The PPARgamma mRNA expression level in adipose tissues of the TNF group was 0.83 +/- 0.07, significantly lower than that of the NC group (1.07 +/- 0.07, P < 0.05)., Conclusion: In TNF-alpha induced insulin resistance, AGTL may be involved in the pathways of lipid metabolism.

Objective: To provide accurate data on health related behaviors and protective factors among students in middle schools in China, for developing priorities, programs and policies on health education., Methods: We used a standard scientific sample selection process developed by American Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to conduct the questionnaire survey among middle schools from four cities--Beijing, Hangzhou, Wuhan and Urumchi., Results: Data were found as: 3.2% of students are overweight; 25.3% of students rarely washing hands before eating at school, 20.5% of the students had seriously injured in the past 12 months, 30.4% of male students having had physical fighting, 17.1% of the students having serious attempted suicide, 29.7% of the students ever tried or experimented cigarette smoking, 13.0% having drunk from alcohol and 14.5% having been offered or selling drugs during the past 30 days, 78.9% were in an insufficient amount of physical activity and only 14.3% often used seat belt when riding in a car., Conclusions: There were many problems on health related behaviors among middle school students in these four cities, especially on hygiene, physical activities, psychological situation, smoking and drinking etc. It is absolutely necessary to develop health education for children and adolescence to promote their healthy behaviors and lifestyle.