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As a quantum resource, quantum coherence plays an important role in modern physics. Many coherence measures and their relations with entanglement have been proposed, and the dynamics of entanglement has been experimentally studied. However, the knowledge of general results for coherence dynamics in open systems is limited. Here we propose a coherence factorization law, which describes the evolution of coherence passing through any noisy channels characterized by genuinely incoherent operations. We use photons to implement the quantum operations and experimentally verify the law for qubits and qutrits. Our work is a step toward the understanding of the evolution of coherence when the system interacts with the environment, and will boost the study of more general laws of coherence., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures. (c) 2022 Chinese Laser Press. Users may use, reuse, and build upon the article, or use the article for text or data mining, so long as such uses are for non-commercial purposes and appropriate attribution is maintained. All other rights are reserved

It is well known that one can extract all the information of an unknown quantum channel by means of quantum process tomography, such as standard quantum-process tomography and ancilla-assisted quantum process tomography (AAQPT). Furthermore, it has been shown that entanglement is not necessary for AAQPT, there exist separable states which are also useful for it. Surprisingly, in this work we find that not all entangled states are useful for AAQPT, there also exist some entangled states which are useless. The realignment operation used in entanglement detection can be related to the question whether a bipartite state is useful for AAQPT. We derive the relationship between them and show the process of extracting the complete information of an unknown channel by the realignment operation. Based on this relationship, we present examples of a two-qutrit entangled state and a two-qutrit bound entangled state. Both of these two examples are entangled but they cannot be used for AAQPT. Last but not least, experimental verification has also been performed on the IBM platform.

The monogamy relations of entanglement are highly significant. However, they involve only amounts of entanglement shared by different subsystems. Results on monogamy relations between entanglement and other kinds of correlations, and particularly classical correlations, are very scarce. Here we experimentally observe a tradeoff relation between internal quantum nonseparability and external total correlations in a photonic system and found that even purely classical external correlations have a detrimental effect on internal nonseparability. The nonseparability we consider, measured by the concurrence, is between different degrees of freedom within the same photon, and the external classical correlations, measured by the standard quantum mutual information, are generated between the photons of a photon pair using the time-bin method. Our observations show that to preserve the internal entanglement in a system, it is necessary to maintain low external correlations, including classical ones, between the system and its environment., 8 pages, 4 figures

The hollow TiO2-ZrO2 hybrid composite microspheres were successfully synthesized by hard template-hydrothermal method. The resulting materials were characterized by SEM, XRD, DRS, FT-IR and BET techniques. The results showed that the TiO2-ZrO2 hybrid composite microspheres with hollow structure were piled by TiO2 (anatase) and ZrO2 (monoclinic) hybrid nanoparticles. The specific surface area and the average pore size of the as-prepared samples were determined to be 224.6 m2/g and 4.159 nm, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was also evaluated by degradation of methylene blue (MB) compared to the hollow TiO2. It was found that the resultant TiO2-ZrO2 hollow microspheres show higher photocatalytic activity than hollow TiO2-ZrO2. The degradation rate of MB can be up to 99.4% after 60min of a high pressure mercury lamp (125W) irradiation.

We propose a family of Hardy-type tests for an arbitrary n-partite system, which can detect different degrees of non-locality ranging from standard to genuine multipartite non-locality. For any non-signaling m-local hidden variable model, the corresponding tests fail, whereas a pass of this type of test indicates that this state is m non-local. We show that any entangled generalized GHZ state exhibits Hardy’s non-locality for each rank of multipartite non-locality. Furthermore, for the detection of m non-localities, a family of Bell-type inequalities based on our test is constructed. Numerical results show that it is more efficient than the inequalities proposed in [Phys. Rev. A 94 022110 (2016)].

The influence of the wind coefficient distribution on coal reservoirs for coal gangue is very important to its wind-resistance design. Take a real coal reservoir in Ordos for example, the wind pressure is numerically simulated with the help of Fluent Software. Because of the coal gangue piples, the average wind coefficient absolute obviously reduced under most of the wind directions, but the local area on the surface and leeward side the average wind coefficient absolute will increase significantly under the certain wind directions. Anyhow, the coal gangue is important to the wind pressure distributions of the coal reservoir and can't ignore its effect in the actual engineering design and should be given more attention.

Objective: This study was performed to investigate bone deteriorations of diabetic mice in response to the treatment of ursolic acid derivative (UAD). Methods: The biomarkers in serum and urine were measured, tibias were taken for the measurement on gene and protein expression and histomorphology analysis, and femurs were taken for the measurement on bone Ca and three-dimensional architecture of trabecular bone. Results: UAD showed a greater increase in bone Ca, BMD and significantly increased FGF-23 and OCN, reduced PTH and CTX in diabetic mice. UAD reversed STZ-induced trabecular deleterious effects and stimulated bone remodeling. The treatment of STZ group with UAD significantly elevated the ratio of OPG/RANKL. Moreover, insulin and IGF-1 showed a negative correlation with both FBG and Hb1Ac in STZ group. We attributed down-regulating the level of Hb1Ac in diabetic mice to that ursolic acid derivative could primely control blood sugar levels. After analyzing of two adipocyte markers, PPARγ and aP2, increased expression in the tibias of diabetic mice, and UAD could improve STZ-induced adipocyte dysfunction. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that UAD could ameliorate STZ-induced bone deterioration through improving adipocyte dysfunction and enhancing new bone formation and inhibiting absorptive function of osteoclast in the bone of diabetic mice.

A novel CE method combined with SPE in a single capillary was developed for analysis of chlorophenols in water. A frit of 0.5 mm was first made by a sol-gel method, followed by packing a SPE sorbent in the inlet end of the capillary. Two phenol derivatives, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, were used as the model compounds. By loading sample solutions into the capillary, the two chlorophenols were extracted into the sorbent. They were desorbed by injecting only about 4 nL of methanol. Finally, the analytes were separated by conventional CE. The technique provided a concentration enhancement factor of over 4000-fold for both chlorophenols. The detection limits (S/N = 3) of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol were determined to be 0.1 ng/mL and 0.07 ng/mL, respectively. For replicate analyses of 5 ng/mL of 2,4-dichlorophenol, within-day and between-day RSDs of migration time, peak height and peak area were in the range of 1.8-2.0%, 4.0-4.4% and 4.1-4.6%, respectively. The method shows wide linear range, acceptable reproducibility and excellent sensitivity, and it was applied to the analyses of spiked river water samples. The capillary packed with the SPE sorbents can be used for more than 400 runs without performance deterioration.

A simple and selective high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of total iron in water samples. 2‐(8‐quinolylazo)‐4,5‐diphenylimidazole (QAI) was used as a precolumn chelating reagent for iron(II). The iron(II)‐QAI chelate was separated on a Cosmosil 5C8‐MS column with an aqueous acetonitrile mobile phase containing tetrabutylammonium bromide and spectrophotometrically detected at 710 nm. Iron(III) was determined as the iron(II) chelate with QAI after it was reduced to iron(II) using ascorbic acid. Detection limit, defined as three times of standard deviation of a blank signal, was 18 pg of iron(II) in 100 µL injection. Total iron in environmental water samples was selectively determined without any pretreatment.

A sensitive and selective method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of cadmium, zinc, nickel and cobalt. The method is based on the chelation of metal ions with 2-(8-quinolylazo)-4,5-diphenylimidazole (QAI) and the subsequent reversed-phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatographic separation and spectrophotometric detection of the metal chelates. The chelates were separated on an RP column with acetonitrile-water containing ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and sodium acetate (pH 7.5). Though Zn(II) and Cd(II) chelates with azo compounds were generally labile in the RP column, these chelates with QAI were successfully detected. When analyses were carried out at 575 nm and at 0.001 absorbance unit full scale, the peak height calibration curves were linear up to 2.0 ng for Cd(II), 2.4 ng for Zn(II), 0.14 ng for Ni(II) and 0.72 ng for Co(II) in 100-microL injections, respectively; the detection limits (3sigma, three times of the standard deviation for the blank signal) for Cd(II), Zn(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) were 4.8, 24, 2.4 and 7.2 pg in 100 microL of injected solution, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of tobacco without any preliminary concentration or separation.

A highly selective method for the determination of trace amounts of nickel(II) by high performance liquid chromatography was developed. 2-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)azo]-4,5-diphenylimidazole (HAI) was used for pre-column derivatization of nickel(II) in reversed-phase chromatographic separation followed by spectrophotometric detection. In the presence of nickel(II), iron(III), cobalt(II), copper(II), cadmium(II), zinc(II), manganese(II), aluminum(III) and vanadium(V), only nickel(II) chelate with HAI gave a resolved peak in chromatograms with a C8-bonded reversed phase column and a 45% (w/w) acetonitrile-water mobile phase containing 1.0 × 10−4 mol kg−1 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 5.0 × 10−3 mol kg−1 sodium acetate (pH 7.5). The nickel(II) chelate was detected spectrophotometrically at 585 nm. When 100 µL of a test solution was injected, the calibration graph was linear up to 240 pg for nickel(II), and the detection limit defined as three times the standard deviation of the reagent blank was 0.8 pg at 0.001 absorbance unit full scale. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of rice, tea leaves and mussels.

Job satisfaction, an attitude studied in the organizational behavior, reveals a person's overall evaluation on his or her job. This research aims to find out the present situation of job satisfaction among the university faculties. Some important factors which lead to their dissatisfaction or tendency of demission and the age difference revealing from these issues will be included. The results reveal that among the three age groups, younger group (born in from 1980 to 1991), mid-aged group (born in from 1966 to 1979), and elder group (born in from 1954–1965), the younger the generation, the higher job satisfaction is. Self-development, self-realization, and satisfactory social interaction became the most important factors while the job's degree of the difficulty became the least important factor. The research also indicates an asymmetry in important factors of job satisfaction and of demission. At the same time, the effects of pressure and payment self-growth, self-realization, sense of dignity on job satisfaction are significantly different among the groups, which reveals a great difference among different age groups.

An environment-friendly, economical and efficient adsorbent, called cellulose xanthogenate, was prepared using common rush from herb medicine residues to remove the excessive lead in propolis. Several important influencing factors in the modification process were discussed. In the static state experiment, the effect of lead concentration, adsorption time, initial pH value, adsorption temperature and particle size on adsorption efficiency was discussed. In addition, the effect of the dynamic state of the modified common rush on lead removal rate and its regeneration property were both investigated. The results showed that the adsorption ability of the common rush residues for lead was improved after chemical modification, and a good lead removal rate was obtained. This work provided a method for the control of lead in propolis, and a way for more reasonable use of herb medicine residues.

On-capillary chemiluminescence detection for capillary electrophoresis with a single capillary was reported. A hole (about 30 microm diameter) was made on the capillary wall at about 50.5 cm from the inlet end. Hydrogen peroxide solution could enter the capillary from the hole, and mixed with luminol and copper(II) to produce chemiluminescence. The chemiluminescence was detected by a PMT under the hole. Several factors that influenced chemiluminescence intensity were investigated. The detection limits for luminol and N-(4-aminolbutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol (ABEI) were 1 x 10(-11) and 2 x 10(-10) mol L(-1), respectively. The method features simple construction and no dead volume.

A novel chemiluminescence(CL) flow system for sulfite is described based on electrostatically immobilized luminol on an anion exchange column. Sulfite is detected by the CL reaction with luminol bleeding from the column by hydrolysis. The calibration graph is linear in the range 3 × 10–7 to 1 × 10–5 mol/L, and the detection limit is 1 × 10–7 mol/L. Interfering metal ions co-existing in sample solutions could be effectively eliminated on-line by an upstream cation exchanger. A complete analysis could be performed in 1 min with a relative standard deviation of less than 5%. The system could be reused for over 50 h and has been applied successfully to the determination of sulfur dioxide in air.

An improvement has been made to couple isoelectric focusing (IEF) sample injection and capillary zone electrophoresis in an untreated fused silica capillary. Electroosmotic flow is efficiently prevented by simply using a rubber block at the outlet end of the capillary during IEF sample injection. The experimental conditions that affect the concentration effect are discussed. A concentration enhancement factor of over 100-fold can be easily obtained for two model proteins: lysozyme and ribonuclease A.