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This study presents the development of an immunochromatographic test system aimed at the detection of chicken additives in meat products. It is based on sandwich-format lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) of immunoglobulins as a biomarker for species identification. The LFIA based on gold nanoparticles as a label for anti-species antibodies was used to determine chicken immunoglobulins and, accordingly, chicken meat in food products. Absence of cross-reactivity with mammalian species tested in the study confirmed high specificity of the determination. The test system showed good sensitivity and rapidity, allowing for the detection of as low as 0.063% (w/w) chicken meat in raw meat mixtures within 20 min. As a result of the testing of raw and cooked meat products, it was shown that the test system can reliably recognize specific immunoglobulins even after heat processing. The proposed assay can be recommended for rapid on-site screening control of the composition and quality of meat products., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background and Aim: Now-a-days antibiotics are the main tool for correcting the pathological conditions of pigs; unfortunately, antibiotics are a potential threat to the environment, as they lead to the spread of antibiotic-resistant infections. This study aimed to study the immunomodulatory encapsulated biomolecules on piglets in the post-weaning period., Materials and Methods: An immunomodulator based on biomolecules obtained from animal raw materials included in alginate capsules to improve absorption has been developed. The study presents the results of a study on 25 weaned piglets (25-30 days old) which received biomolecules at a dose of 200 mg/piglet for 14 days, followed by 400 mg/piglet from days 15 to 28. Blood was taken from animals for analysis (biochemical, hematological, cytometric, and enzyme immunoassay) and the integral index of blood serum antimicrobial activity was determined., Results: Experimental animals, whose initial weight was 1.6 times less than that of the control animals, were able to bridge this gap and, on the 28 th day, there were no differences in weight. Stimulation of the production of cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 was observed and the antimicrobial resistance of blood serum to Escherichia coli also increased. A positive effect on the metabolism of piglets was noted, which helped them adapt to a change in diet (from colostrum to solid food)., Conclusion: The results show that the immunomodulation at the dose of 150 mg/kg body weight has a great potential for improving weaned pigs., (Copyright: © Vasilevskaya, et al.)

A lateral flow immunoassay for sensitive detection of skeletal troponin I (TnI) as a specific, thermostable marker of muscle tissue was developed. Due to the antibodies' choice, the assay specifically detects mammalian TnI (in beef, pork, lamb, and horse) but does not detect bird TnI (in chicken or turkey), thus enabling differentiation of these types of raw meat materials. The assay is based on a sandwich format of the analysis using gold nanoparticles as labels. The time of the assay is 15 min, and the TnI detection limit is 25 ng/mL. A buffer solution is proposed for efficient extraction of TnI from muscle tissues and from finished meat products that have undergone technological processing (smoking-cooking-smoking, cooking and smoking). The possibility of detecting beef addition in minced chicken down to 1% was demonstrated.

Food and medicinal plants as well as its' fruits, used in traditional medicine, are now widely used as sources of bioactive phytochemical compounds to impart functional properties to products. Due to the significant variation in phytonutrient content depending on geoclimatic conditions, a comparative study of goji berries collected in different regions seems to be relevant. The aim - comparative study of L. barbarum and L. chinense berries and its biological effects when inclusion in the diet of rats with experimental hyperlipidemia., Material and Methods: In the berries of L. barbarum (China) and L. chinense (Kazakhstan), the composition of monosaccharides, the content of vitamins (D, E, C), minerals (Mg, Ca, Se), phenolic compounds and steroid substances as well as catalase and superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant activity was determined. Biological experiment lasted 186 days, it was carried out on Wistar rats, divided into intact (n=10) and experimental animals (n=48), in which alimentary hyperlipidemia was reproduced for 100 days (diet containing animal fats 5.0-19.0% and cholesterol 0.5-2.0%), further animals were divided in control rats with hyperlipidemia, consuming a standard diet (group 1) and experimental rats, which were supplemented for 86 days with L. barbarum (group 2) and L. chinense (group 3) in an amount of 20% of the diet carbohydrate component. On the 128th and 186th days of the experiment, rats' blood serum was analyzed for total protein, albumin, creatinine and urea, triacylglycerides, total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, malondialdehyde and the total antioxidant activity of blood serum was measured., Results and Discussion: L. chinense berries, which are characterized by a high content of phenolic compounds (20% higher than in L. barbarum berries), when administered to rats with alimentary hyperlipidemia on the 28th day, reduced the concentration of total cholesterol by 44.1% and low-density lipoproteins by 35.8% relative to control animals, on day 86 contributed to an increase in the concentration of high density lipoproteins to 79.6%. The effect of L. barbarum berries, characterized by an increase in high density lipoproteins in rat blood (by 62.3%), may be due to a higher content of vitamins C, E and selenium (35, 11 and 22% more than in L. chinense), the presence of phytosterols and phytostanols, in particular dodecanoic acid., Conclusion: The data obtained indicate a pronounced antioxidant effect of L. barbarum and L. chinense berries and the possibility of their use in the diet to correct lipid metabolism disorders., Competing Interests: The authors declare no overt and potential conflict of interest related to the publication of this article., (Copyright© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group.)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aorta and heart tissues obtained from cattle and pigs on atherosclerosis disorders. Atherosclerosis model rats were provided with the respective diets consisting of aorta and heart tissues. Administration of each tissue suppressed body weight gain as compared to that of the control. In particular, the aorta tissues of pigs and cattle demonstrated significant suppressions in body weight gain in the model rats. The aorta tissues of pigs and cattle showed a significant increase and decrease in the serum high-density lipoproteins and atherogenic index, respectively, which was correlated with the increase in apolipoprotein A1. Hematological analysis revealed that aorta tissues of pigs and cattle clearly reduced the ratio of granulocytes/lymphocytes in the atherosclerosis rats. Serum vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 levels in the atherosclerosis rats, which were administered these aorta tissues, were also significantly reduced. Additionally, there was an increase in von Willebrand factor in the rat serum. Based on the results obtained, the aorta tissues of pigs and cattle, in particular, demonstrated positive effects in the atherosclerosis rats due to the alteration of lipid metabolism and reduction in inflammation related to atherosclerosis., (© 2018 Japanese Society of Animal Science.)

In the course of evolution in animals and humans, a complex and effective system for providing the body with iodine in the form of various organic and inorganic compounds was developed. The metabolism of inorganic iodine has been studied quite well, in contrast to the mechanism of assimilation of its organic compounds. Among the latter, iodotyrosines, which are part of iodinated milk proteins, are of particular interest. To distinguish the peculiarities of the biotransformation of iodotyrosines in the animals' organism, their concentration and the concentration of tyrosine in blood plasma of rats after single administration of iodinated milk proteins were determined. For comparison, in parallel a group of animals received potassium iodide. The tested preparations were administered intragastrically with a probe in the form of aqueous solutions at a dose equivalent to 30 μg iodine per 1 kg of body weight. The level of mono- and diiodotyrosine in rat blood plasma was determined by HPLC with a mass spectrometer detector. The tyrosine content was determined on an automatic amino acid analyzer. The registration of the indices was carried out before the administration and 1, 4 and 24 hours after the administration of the substances. In the course of the conducted studies it was found that when iodinated milk proteins are once administered, a significant increase in the concentrations of monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine is observed. The maximum level of iodinated amino acids, exceeding the control values by more than 6 fold, was recorded 4 hours after the ingestion of iodine-containing organic compounds into the body. At the same time interval, an increase in the concentration of tyrosine was observed in one of the experimental groups receiving iodinated milk protein. The simultaneous presence of tyrosine and its iodinated derivatives in blood plasma may indicate that monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine are capable of being absorbed into the systemic bloodstream without metabolic transformations in the liver. Under introduction of potassium iodide, an increase in blood plasma concentration of monoiodotyrosine by 35% compared to the control was observed only after 24 hours, which may be a consequence of the activation of the thyroid gland due to the intake of an increased amount of iodine., Competing Interests: The authors declare no overt and potential conflict of interest related to the publication of this article., (Copyright© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group.)

Meat quality was assessed in Cobb-500 cage vs. floor-housed broilers slaughtered at 38 vs 49 days of age. Broilers (105 birds per housing system) were reared since 1 day of age in conditions of vivarium of Center for Selection and Genetics «Zagorskoye EPH». Fat content in breast meat was significantly higher (p<0.05) at both slaughter ages in cage-housed broilers (2.0 and 2.7% at slaughter age 38 and 49 days, respectively) compared to floor-housed (1.6 and 2.2%). Protein content in breast meat was higher in floor-caged broilers. Total collagen content in thigh meat of floor housed broilers (789.88 mg/100 g) was 1.5 fold higher compared to cage-housed (515.80 mg/100 g, p<0.05). Fatty acid profiles of meat were mostly affected by the type of meat (red vs white) and to a lesser extent by housing system and slaughter age. Water-holding capacity in red meat significantly differed between slaughter ages and between housing systems at slaughter age 38 days (р<0.05): at slaughter age 38 days water-holding capacity in red meat was 67.3 in cage-housed broilers vs. 70.1% in floor-housed; at slaughter age 49 days 74.9 vs. 76.0%, respectively. The five-point scores of sensory taste evaluation for the meat of floor-housed broilers (4.55 and 4.91 for breast meat at slaughter ages 38 and 49 days; 4.40 and 4.90 for thigh meat) were better compared to cage-housed (4.47 and 4.83 for breast meat at slaughter ages 38 and 49 days; 4.37 and 4.70 for thigh meat). The conclusion was made that meat quality estimated by a set of the relevant parameters was marginally better in floor housed broilers in compare to cage-housed., Competing Interests: The authors declare no overt and potential conflict of interest related to the publication of this article., (Copyright© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group.)

Reproductive parameters and postnatal progeny development were evaluated in 4 generations of Wistar rats treated with deuterium depleted water (DDW): parental (F0), first (F1), second (F2) and third (F3). The experiment was carried out on 2 groups of animals: experimental group consumed DDW (50 ppm) and control group consumed purified tap water (150 ppm). Experiment was consist of a preparatory stage, the stage of studying the F0, F1, F2 reproductive parameters and F1, F2, F3 postnatal progeny development Reproductive parameters was assessed by F0, F1, F2 fertility index and F1, F2, F3 offspring viability and development. Fertility index was assessed as the male's ability to fertilize females in the percentage of pregnant females/fertilized males to the total number females and males placed together for mating. Offspring maturing were evaluated by pups viability, development of physical and sexual parameters, emotional and locomotors reflexes within the 1st month of life. Group 1 fertility index in F0 females was 100%, in F1 and F2 females - 99%, in males all generations - 89-100%. Group 1 F1, F2 and F3 offspring viability was high. Number of pups in group 1 F2 offspring was higher by 20% than in group 2. Pups of the 1st group F1, F2 and F3 were less intensively gained weight from the 1st to the 21st day of life compared with group 2, the final weight of the animals in group 1 was higher than in group 2 by 4-6% from 25th to 30th days of life. Assessment of physical parameters development as well as emotional and locomotors reflexes formation did not reveal any difference between group 1 and group 2 F1, F2 and F3 offspring. Obtained results confirmed that DDW did not effect on rat fertility, viability and development of offspring.

The skeletal muscle protein troponin I (TnI) has been characterized as a potential thermally stable and species-specific biomarker of mammalian muscle tissues in raw meat and meat products. This study proposed a technique for the quantification of TnI comprising protein extraction and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The technique is characterized by a TnI detection limit of 4.8 ng/ml with quantifiable concentrations ranging from 8.7 to 52 ng/ml. The method was shown to be suitable for detection of TnI in mammalian (beef, pork, lamb, and horse) meat but not in poultry (chicken, turkey, and duck) meat. In particular, the TnI content in beef was 0.40 3 ± 0.058 mg/g of wet tissue. The TnI estimations obtained for the pork and beef samples using ELISA were comparable to the proteomic analysis results. Thus, the quantitative study of TnI can be a convenient way to assess the mammalian muscle tissue content of various meat products., (Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The conditions of the formations of trans isomers of fatty acids, depending on the method of processing and storage of the raw material of microbial, plant and animal origin, were investigated. In the composition of lipids, except for the main trans-isomer elaidic acid, nonsignificant amounts of trans-2-hexen-4-ynal, trans-2-formlcyclopro-panecarboxylate, methyl octadeca-9-yn-l1-trans-enoate, trans-2, 2-dimethyl-3-(2-propenyl)-ethyl ester, trans-9-octadecenoic acid, and trans-1,5-heptadiene, and mixed isomers of methyl-octadeca-9-yn-1-trans-enoate, methyl-9-cis, 11-trans-octadecadienoate, 1-[trans-4-(2-iodo-ethyl) cyclohexyl]-trans-4-pentylcyclo-hexane and cis-9, and trans 11-octadecenoic acid. The major trans elaidic acid component was detected in natural objects of different origin in quantities not exceeding 0.05-0.11%. The combination of thermal processing with other parameters, especially enzymatic treatment, led to an increased proportion of trans isomers. The content of trans isomers is usually proportional to the time of storage of materials.

The influence of deuterium depleted water with the modified isotope composition on an organism of animals is studied in physiological conditions and development of chronic endogenous intoxication of hepatorenal genesis. The influence of this water on isotope composition of plasma and tissues (the liver and kidneys) in laboratory animals is shown. The impact of this water on biochemical indicators (AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, bilirubin) and dynamics in body weight of laboratory animals within 42 days is established. As a result of studies the possibility of the preventive use of deuterium depleted water for correction of metabolic processes is shown in various conditions of the functional system of the body's detoxification.

The work presents the results of the research capabilities of the use of iodized milk protein as a component of food supplement and enriched food product for the correction of iodine sufficiency in girls. Milk iodinated protein was produced by the enzyme-effective iodization of amino acid residues of cow's milk whey proteins. The study involved 30 girls, whose average age was 19.9 +/- 1.4 years. Participants of observation were divided into three groups, for 10 people each. The first group received daily serving of meat cutlets (50g), enriched with dairy iodinated protein. Iodine content in the finished minced was 100 mcg. The second group received iodinated milk protein in the form of food supplement with iodine content of 100 mcg. The third group was a control one. The duration of observations was 30 days. To assess the effectiveness of measures the concentration of iodine in urine, blood levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine have been determined, changes in cognitive processes (memory and attention) with the use of psychological tests have been evaluated. Studies have shown the effectiveness of using of iodized milk protein for the correction of iodine deficiency in girls. The use of iodized protein, as part of the enriched product and in the form of food supplement increased urinary iodine level and had a positive influence on the state of the hypophysial-thyroid system. In addition, the use of iodized milk protein helped to improve the cognitive functions of the students, which can be considered as an additional positive effect of correction of iodine deficiency.

The comparative study of the chemical composition and biological values of beef produced by hybrids of Angus cattle with wild yaks (hybrid beef) and pure-bred Angus cattle (traditional beef) has been carried out. Longissimus muscle samples were used for analysis. It was observed, that the hybrid beef samples had the practically equal protein content comparing to traditional beef (21.1 vs. 21.6 per cent) but were characterized by the lower fat content (1.2 vs. 2.5 per cent). The higher biological value of hybrid beef comparing to traditional beef has been shown. The value of protein-quality index, calculated as the ratio of tryptophan amino acid to oxyprolin and characterizing the ratio of high biological value proteins to low biological value proteins was 8.1 vs. 5.7. The values of amino acid indexes [ratio of essential amino acids (EAA) to non-essential amino acids (NAA) and ratio of EAA to the total amount of amino acids (TAA)] were EAA/NAA = 0.77 vs. 0.65 and EAA/TAA = 0.43 vs. 0.39. The protein of hybrid beef was characterized by the higher content of a number of the essential amino acids: by a factor of 1, 77 for threonin, 1.23--for valin, 1.09--for lysin, 1.17--for leucine and 1.19--for tryptophan. The amount of the essential amino acids in 1 gram of protein of the hybrid beef was 434.7 mg against 393.1 mg for traditional beef It has been shown, that the protein of the hybrid beef comparing to traditional beef is characterized by the higher values of the amino acid scores calculated for EAA.

The effect of polypeptides isolated from cattle abomasum on regenerative processes of rat stomach upon simulating stomach mucosal damage caused by aspirin was studied. Experimental research was carried out on male Wistar rats with initial body weight of 230±20 g. The duration of the experiment was 22 days. The rats were divided into 4 equal groups (n=11). The first (control) group-consisted of the intact animals; animals from experimental groups 2-4 were intragastrically administered acetylsalicylic acid from the 1st to the 7th day for simulating stomach mucosal damage caused by aspirin (300 mg/100 g body weight). From day 8 to day 22, the animals were intragastrically adminitered the tested samples in the quantity of 2 ml per animal according tothe scheme: the 2nd group - distilled water, the 3d group - native abomasum extract; the 4 th group - thermally treated abomasum extract. Abomasum extract was obtained by extraction with 0,87% aqueous sodium chloride crushed abomasum and represented a liquid of cream color with protein mass content of 1,3 g/100 g of the product with high content of glutamic acid (15,5 g/100 g protein) and B-group vitamins. Electrophoretic analysis of the extract revealed several high molecular weight fractions in the range of 72 to 55 kDa. The bands with molecular masses 52, 43, 40, 37, 34, 26, 17 kDa were most pronounced; the intensive bands in the area 12 kDa and in the range lower than 10 kDa were revealed. The results of the conducted study show that the abomasum extracts both in the native and thermally treated form exert therapeutic action on animal with stomach mucosal damage caused by aspirin, have good antiulcer and gastroprotective activities upon stomach mucosa exposure to chemical damaging agents. The analysis of the hematological indices of the animals from the 3rd and 4th groups, which received the test samples after simulation, revealed the normalization of leukocyte, lymphocyte, granulocyte and monocyte content. This suggests the recovery of the animals after the disease. In the blood serum of these animals concentration of total bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose and the activity of gamma-glutamine transferase, ASAT and alkaline phosphatase decreased compared with those in animals with the model of stomach mucosal injury; while the total protein content, including the albumin fraction increased. The examination of the internal organs of the animals from the 3rd and 4th groups showed that the mucosal and submucosal membrane of the stomach were plicate, the signs of edema were absent, the hyperemia, any changes in mucosa, surface and glandular epithelium were not observed.