94 results on '"Chhor V"'
Search Results
2. ESICM LIVES 2016: part three: Milan, Italy. 1–5 October 2016
- Author
-
Velasquez, T., Mackey, G., Lusk, J., Kyle, U. G., Fontenot, T., Marshall, P., Shekerdemian, L. S., Coss-Bu, J. A., Nishigaki, A., Yatabe, T., Tamura, T., Yamashita, K., Yokoyama, M., Ruiz-Rodriguez, J. C., Encina, B., Belmonte, R., Troncoso, I., Tormos, P., Riveiro, M., Baena, J., Sanchez, A., Bañeras, J., Cordón, J., Duran, N., Ruiz, A., Caballero, J., Nuvials, X., Riera, J., Serra, J., Rutten, A. M. F., van Ieperen, S. N. M., Der Kinderen, E. P. H. M., Van Logten, T., Kovacikova, L., Skrak, P., Zahorec, M., Kyle, U. G., Akcan-Arikan, A., Silva, J. C., Mackey, G., Lusk, J., Goldsworthy, M., Shekerdemian, L. S., Coss-Bu, J. A., Wood, D., Harrison, D., Parslow, R., Davis, P., Pappachan, J., Goodwin, S., Ramnarayan, P., Chernyshuk, S., Yemets, H., Zhovnir, V., Pulitano’, S. M., De Rosa, S., Mancino, A., Villa, G., Tosi, F., Franchi, P., Conti, G., Patel, B., Khine, H., Shah, A., Sung, D., Singer, L., Haghbin, S., Inaloo, S., Serati, Z., Idei, M., Nomura, T., Yamamoto, N., Sakai, Y., Yoshida, T., Matsuda, Y., Yamaguchi, Y., Takaki, S., Yamaguchi, O., Goto, T., Longani, N., Medar, S., Abdel-Aal, I. R., El Adawy, A. S., Mohammed, H. M. E. H., Mohamed, A. N., Parry, S. M., Knight, L. D., Denehy, L., De Morton, N., Baldwin, C. E., Sani, D., Kayambu, G., da Silva, V. Z. M., Phongpagdi, P., Puthucheary, Z. A., Granger, C. L., Rydingsward, J. E., Horkan, C. M., Christopher, K. B., McWilliams, D., Jones, C., Reeves, E., Atkins, G., Snelson, C., Aitken, L. M., Rattray, J., Kenardy, J., Hull, A. M., Ullman, A., Le Brocque, R., Mitchell, M., Davis, C., Macfarlane, B., Azevedo, J. C., Rocha, L. L., De Freitas, F. F. M., Cavalheiro, A. M., Lucinio, N. M., Lobato, M. S., Ebeling, G., Kraegpoeth, A., Laerkner, E., De Brito-Ashurst, I., White, C., Gregory, S., Forni, L. G., Flowers, E., Curtis, A., Wood, C. A., Siu, K., Venkatesan, K., Muhammad, J. B. H., Ng, L., Seet, E., Baptista, N., Escoval, A., Tomas, E., Agrawal, R., Mathew, R., Varma, A., Dima, E., Charitidou, E., Perivolioti, E., Pratikaki, M., Vrettou, C., Giannopoulos, A., Zakynthinos, S., Routsi, C., Atchade, E., Houzé, S., Jean-Baptiste, S., Thabut, G., Genève, C., Tanaka, S., Lortat-Jacob, B., Augustin, P., Desmard, M., Montravers, P., de Molina, F. J. González, Barbadillo, S., Alejandro, R., Álvarez-Lerma, F., Vallés, J., Catalán, R. M., Palencia, E., Jareño, A., Granada, R. M., Ignacio, M. L., Cui, N., Liu, D., Wang, H., Su, L., Qiu, H., Li, R., Jaffal, K., Rouzé, A., Poissy, J., Sendid, B., Nseir, S., Paramythiotou, E., Rizos, M., Frantzeskaki, F., Antoniadou, A., Vourli, S., Zerva, L., Armaganidis, A., Riera, J., Gottlieb, J., Greer, M., Wiesner, O., Martínez, M., Acuña, M., Rello, J., Welte, T., Atchade, E., Mignot, T., Houzé, S., Jean-Baptiste, S., Thabut, G., Lortat-Jacob, B., Tanaka, S., Augustin, P., Desmard, M., Montravers, P., Soussi, S., Dudoignon, E., Ferry, A., Chaussard, M., Benyamina, M., Alanio, A., Touratier, S., Chaouat, M., Lafaurie, M., Mimoun, M., Mebazaa, A., Legrand, M., Sheils, M. A., Patel, C., Mohankumar, L., Akhtar, N., Noriega, S. K. Pacheco, Aldana, N. Navarrete, León, J. L. Ávila, Baquero, J. Durand, Bernal, F. Fernández, Ahmadnia, E., Hadley, J. S., Millar, M., Hall, D., Hewitt, H., Yasuda, H., Sanui, M., Komuro, T., Kawano, S., Andoh, K., Yamamoto, H., Noda, E., Hatakeyama, J., Saitou, N., Okamoto, H., Kobayashi, A., Takei, T., Matsukubo, S., Rotzel, H. B., Lázaro, A. Serrano, Prada, D. Aguillón, Gimillo, M. Rodriguez, Barinas, O. Diaz, Cortes, M. L. Blasco, Franco, J. Ferreres, Roca, J. M. Segura, Carratalá, A., Gonçalves, B., Turon, R., Mendes, A., Miranda, F., Mata, P. J., Cavalcanti, D., Melo, N., Lacerda, P., Kurtz, P., Righy, C., Rosario, L. E. de la Cruz, Lesmes, S. P. Gómez, Romero, J. C. García, Herrera, A. N. García, Pertuz, E. D. Díaz, Sánchez, M. J. Gómez, Sanz, E. Regidor, Hualde, J. Barado, Hernández, A. Ansotegui, Irazabal, J. M. Guergué, Spatenkova, V., Bradac, O., Suchomel, P., Urli, T., Lazzeri, E. Heusch, Aspide, R., Zanello, M., Perez-Borrero, L., Garcia-Alvarez, J. M., Arias-Verdu, M. D., Aguilar-Alonso, E., Rivera-Fernandez, R., Mora-Ordoñez, J., De La Fuente-Martos, C., Castillo-Lorente, E., Guerrero-Lopez, F., Lesmes, S. P. Gómez, Rosario, L. E. De la Cruz, Pertuz, E. D. Díaz, Hernández, A. Ansotegui, Romero, J. C. García, Sánchez, M. J. Gómez, Herrera, A. N. García, Ramírez, J. Roldán, Sanz, E. Regidor, Hualde, J. Barado, León, J. P. Tirapu, Navarro-Guillamón, L., Cordovilla-Guardia, S., Iglesias-Santiago, A., Guerrero-López, F., Fernández-Mondéjar, E., Vidal, A., Perez, M., Juez, A., Arias, N., Colino, L., Perez, J. L., Pérez, H., Calpe, P., Alcala, M. A., Robaglia, D., Perez, C., Lan, S. K., Cunha, M. M., Moreira, T., Santos, F., Lafuente, E., Fernandes, M. J., Silva, J. G., Rosario, L. E. de la Cruz, Lesmes, S. P. Gómez, Herrera, A. N. García, Romero, J. C. García, Pertuz, E. D. Díaz, Sánchez, M. J. Gómez, Sanz, E. Regidor, Echeverría, J. G. Armando, Hernández, A. Ansotegui, Hualde, J. Barado, Podlepich, V., Sokolova, E., Alexandrova, E., Lapteva, K., Kurtz, P., Shuinotsuka, C., Rabello, L., Vianna, G., Reis, A., Cairus, C., Salluh, J., Bozza, F., Torres, J. C. Barrios, Araujo, N. J. Fernández, García-Olivares, P., Keough, E., Dalorzo, M., Tang, L. K., De Sousa, I., Díaz, M., Marcos-Zambrano, L. J., Guerrero, J. E., Gomez, S. E. Zamora, Lopez, G. D. Hernandez, Cuellar, A. I. Vazquez, Nieto, O. R. Perez, Gonzalez, J. A. Castanon, Bhasin, D., Rai, S., Singh, H., Gupta, O., Bhattal, M. K., Sampley, S., Sekhri, K., Nandha, R., Aliaga, F. A., Olivares, F., Appiani, F., Farias, P., Alberto, F., Hernández, A., Pons, S., Sonneville, R., Bouadma, L., Neuville, M., Mariotte, E., Radjou, A., Lebut, J., Chemam, S., Voiriot, G., Dilly, M. P., Mourvillier, B., Dorent, R., Nataf, P., Wolff, M., Timsit, J. F., Ediboglu, O., Ataman, S., Ozkarakas, H., Kirakli, C., Vakalos, A., Avramidis, V., Obukhova, O., Kurmukov, I. A., Kashiya, S., Golovnya, E., Baikova, V. N., Ageeva, T., Haritydi, T., Kulaga, E. V., Rios-Toro, J. J., Perez-Borrero, L., Aguilar-Alonso, E., Arias-Verdu, M. D., Garcia-Alvarez, J. M., Lopez-Caler, C., De La Fuente-Martos, C., Rodriguez-Fernandez, S., Sanchez-Orézzoli, M. Gomez, Martin-Gallardo, F., Nikhilesh, J., Joshi, V., Villarreal, E., Ruiz, J., Gordon, M., Quinza, A., Gimenez, J., Piñol, M., Castellanos, A., Ramirez, P., Jeon, Y. D., Jeong, W. Y., Kim, M. H., Jeong, I. Y., Ahn, M. Y., Ahn, J. Y., Han, S. H., Choi, J. Y., Song, Y. G., Kim, J. M., Ku, N. S., Shah, H., Kellner, F., Rezai, F., Mistry, N., Yodice, P., Ovnanian, V., Fless, K., Handler, E., Alejos, R. Martínez, Romeu, J. D. Martí, Antón, D. González, Quinart, A., Martí, A. Torres, Llaurado-Serra, M., Lobo-Civico, A., Ventura-Rosado, A., Piñol-Tena, A., Pi-Guerrero, M., Paños-Espinosa, C., Peralvo-Bernat, M., Marine-Vidal, J., Gonzalez-Engroba, R., Montesinos-Cerro, N., Treso-Geira, M., Valeiras-Valero, A., Martinez-Reyes, L., Sandiumenge, A., Jimenez-Herrera, M. F., Helyar, S., Riozzi, P., Noon, A., Hallows, G., Cotton, H., Keep, J., Hopkins, P. A., Taggu, A., Renuka, S., Sampath, S., Rood, P. J. T., Frenzel, T., Verhage, R., Bonn, M., Pickkers, P., van der Hoeven, J. G., van den Boogaard, M., Corradi, F., Melnyk, L., Moggia, F., Pienovi, R., Adriano, G., Brusasco, C., Mariotti, L., Lattuada, M., Bloomer, M. J., Coombs, M., Ranse, K., Endacott, R., Maertens, B., Blot, K., Blot, S., Amerongen, M. P. van Nieuw, van der Heiden, E. S., Twisk, J. W. R., Girbes, A. R. J., Spijkstra, J. J., Riozzi, P., Helyar, S., Cotton, H., Hallows, G., Noon, A., Bell, C., Peters, K., Feehan, A., Keep, J., Hopkins, P. A., Churchill, K., Hawkins, K., Brook, R., Paver, N., Endacott, R., Maistry, N., van Wijk, A., Rouw, N., van Galen, T., Evelein-Brugman, S., Taggu, A., Krishna, B., Sampath, S., Putzu, A., Fang, M., Berto, M. Boscolo, Belletti, A., Cassina, T., Cabrini, L., Mistry, M., Alhamdi, Y., Welters, I., Abrams, S. T., Toh, C. H., Han, H. S., Gil, E. M., Lee, D. S., Park, C. M., Winder-Rhodes, S., Lotay, R., Doyle, J., Ke, M. W., Huang, W. C., Chiang, C. H., Hung, W. T., Cheng, C. C., Lin, K. C., Lin, S. C., Chiou, K. R., Wann, S. R., Shu, C. W., Kang, P. L., Mar, G. Y., Liu, C. P., Dubó, S., Aquevedo, A., Jibaja, M., Berrutti, D., Labra, C., Lagos, R., García, M. F., Ramirez, V., Tobar, M., Picoita, F., Peláez, C., Carpio, D., Alegría, L., Hidalgo, C., Godoy, K., Bakker, J., Hernández, G., Sadamoto, Y., Katabami, K., Wada, T., Ono, Y., Maekawa, K., Hayakawa, M., Sawamura, A., Gando, S., Marin-Mateos, H., Perez-Vela, J. L., Garcia-Gigorro, R., Peiretti, M. A. Corres, Lopez-Gude, M. J., Chacon-Alves, S., Renes-Carreño, E., Montejo-González, J. C., Parlevliet, K. L., Touw, H. R. W., Beerepoot, M., Boer, C., Elbers, P. W. G., Tuinman, P. R., Abdelmonem, S. A., Helmy, T. A., El Sayed, I., Ghazal, S., Akhlagh, S. H., Masjedi, M., Hozhabri, K., Kamali, E., Zýková, I., Paldusová, B., Sedlák, P., Morman, D., Youn, A. M., Ohta, Y., Sakuma, M., Bates, D., Morimoto, T., Su, P. L., Chang, W. Y., Lin, W. C., Chen, C. W., Facchin, F., Zarantonello, F., Panciera, G., De Cassai, A., Venrdramin, A., Ballin, A., Tonetti, T., Persona, P., Ori, C., Del Sorbo, L., Rossi, S., Vergani, G., Cressoni, M., Chiumello, D., Chiurazzi, C., Brioni, M., Algieri, I., Tonetti, T., Guanziroli, M., Colombo, A., Tomic, I., Colombo, A., Crimella, F., Carlesso, E., Gasparovic, V., Gattinoni, L., Neto, A. Serpa, Schmidt, M., Pham, T., Combes, A., de Abreu, M. Gama, Pelosi, P., Schultz, M. J., Katira, B. H., Engelberts, D., Giesinger, R. E., Ackerley, C., Yoshida, T., Zabini, D., Otulakowski, G., Post, M., Kuebler, W. M., McNamara, P. J., Kavanagh, B. P., Pirracchio, R., Rigon, M. Resche, Carone, M., Chevret, S., Annane, D., Eladawy, S., El-Hamamsy, M., Bazan, N., Elgendy, M., De Pascale, G., Vallecoccia, M. S., Cutuli, S. L., Di Gravio, V., Pennisi, M. A., Conti, G., Antonelli, M., Andreis, D. T., Khaliq, W., Singer, M., Hartmann, J., Harm, S., Carmona, S. Alcantara, Almudevar, P. Matia, Abellán, A. Naharro, Ramos, J. Veganzones, Pérez, L. Pérez, Valbuena, B. Lobo, Sanz, N. Martínez, Simón, I. Fernández, Arrigo, M., Feliot, E., Deye, N., Cariou, A., Guidet, B., Jaber, S., Leone, M., Resche-Rigon, M., Baron, A. Vieillard, Legrand, M., Gayat, E., Mebazaa, A., Balik, M., Kolnikova, I., Maly, M., Waldauf, P., Tavazzi, G., Kristof, J., Herpain, A., Su, F., Post, E., Taccone, F., Vincent, J. L., Creteur, J., Lee, C., Hatib, F., Jian, Z., Buddi, S., Cannesson, M., Fileković, S., Turel, M., Knafelj, R., Gorjup, V., Stanić, R., Gradišek, P., Cerović, O., Mirković, T., Noč, M., Tirkkonen, J., Hellevuo, H., Olkkola, K. T., Hoppu, S., Lin, K. C., Hung, W. T., Chiang, C. C., Huang, W. C., Juan, W. C., Lin, S. C., Cheng, C. C., Lin, P. H., Fong, K. Y., Hou, D. S., Kang, P. L., Wann, S. R., Chen, Y. S., Mar, G. Y., Liu, C. P., Paul, M., Bougouin, W., Geri, G., Dumas, F., Champigneulle, B., Legriel, S., Charpentier, J., Mira, J. P., Sandroni, C., Cariou, A., Zimmerman, J., Sullivan, E., Noursadeghi, M., Fox, B., Sampson, D., McHugh, L., Yager, T., Cermelli, S., Seldon, T., Bhide, S., Brandon, R. A., Brandon, R. B., Zwaag, J., Beunders, R., Pickkers, P., Kox, M., Gul, F., Arslantas, M. K., Genc, D., Zibandah, N., Topcu, L., Akkoc, T., Cinel, I., Greco, E., Lauretta, M. P., Andreis, D. T., Singer, M., Garcia, I. Palacios, Cordero, M., Martin, A. Diaz, Pallás, T. Aldabó, Montero, J. Garnacho, Rey, J. Revuelto, Malo, L. Roman, Montoya, A. A. Tanaka, Martinez, A. D. C. Amador, Ayala, L. Y. Delgado, Zepeda, E. Monares, Granillo, J. Franco, Sanchez, J. Aguirre, Alejo, G. Camarena, Cabrera, A. Rugerio, Montenegro, A. Pedraza, Pham, T., Beduneau, G., Schortgen, F., Piquilloud, L., Zogheib, E., Jonas, M., Grelon, F., Runge, I., Terzi, N., Grangé, S., Barberet, G., Guitard, P. G., Frat, J. P., Constan, A., Chrétien, J. M., Mancebo, J., Mercat, A., Richard, J. C. M., Brochard, L., Soilemezi, E., Koco, E., Savvidou, S., Nouris, C., Matamis, D., Di Mussi, R., Spadaro, S., Volta, C. A., Mariani, M., Colaprico, A., Antonio, C., Bruno, F., Grasso, S., Rodriguez, A., Martín-Loeches, I., Díaz, E., Masclans, J. R., Gordo, F., Solé-Violán, J., Bodí, M., Avilés-Jurado, F. X., Trefler, S., Magret, M., Reyes, L. F., Marín-Corral, J., Yebenes, J. C., Esteban, A., Anzueto, A., Aliberti, S., Restrepo, M. I., Larsson, J. Skytte, Redfors, B., Ricksten, S. E., Haines, R., Powell-Tuck, J., Leonard, H., Ostermann, M., Berthelsen, R. E., Itenov, T. S., Perner, A., Jensen, J. U., Ibsen, M., Jensen, A. E. K., Bestle, M. H., Bucknall, T., Dixon, J., Boa, F., MacPhee, I., Philips, B. J., Doyle, J., Saadat, F., Samuels, T., Huddart, S., McCormick, B., DeBrunnar, R., Preece, J., Swart, M., Peden, C., Richardson, S., Forni, L., Kalfon, P., Baumstarck, K., Estagnasie, P., Geantot, M. A., Berric, A., Simon, G., Floccard, B., Signouret, T., Boucekine, M., Fromentin, M., Nyunga, M., Sossou, A., Venot, M., Robert, R., Follin, A., Renault, A., Garrouste, M., Collange, O., Levrat, Q., Villard, I., Thévenin, D., Pottecher, J., Patrigeon, R. G., Revel, N., Vigne, C., Mimoz, O., Auquier, P., Pawar, S., Jacques, T., Deshpande, K., Pusapati, R., Wood, B., Pulham, R. A., Wray, J., Brown, K., Pierce, C., Nadel, S., Ramnarayan, P., Azevedo, J. R., Montenegro, W. S., Rodrigues, D. P., Sousa, S. C., Araujo, V. F., Leitao, A. L., Prazeres, P. H., Mendonca, A. V., Paula, M. P., Das Neves, A., Loudet, C. I., Busico, M., Vazquez, D., Villalba, D., Lischinsky, A., Veronesi, M., Emmerich, M., Descotte, E., Juliarena, A., Bisso, M. Carboni, Grando, M., Tapia, A., Camargo, M., Ulla, D. Villani, Corzo, L., dos Santos, H. Placido, Ramos, A., Doglia, J. A., Estenssoro, E., Carbonara, M., Magnoni, S., Donald, C. L. Mac, Shimony, J. S., Conte, V., Triulzi, F., Stretti, F., Macrì, M., Snyder, A. Z., Stocchetti, N., Brody, D. L., Podlepich, V., Shimanskiy, V., Savin, I., Lapteva, K., Chumaev, A., Tjepkema-Cloostermans, M. C., Hofmeijer, J., Beishuizen, A., Hom, H., Blans, M. J., van Putten, M. J. A. M., Longhi, L., Frigeni, B., Curinga, M., Mingone, D., Beretta, S., Patruno, A., Gandini, L., Vargiolu, A., Ferri, F., Ceriani, R., Rottoli, M. R., Lorini, L., Citerio, G., Pifferi, S., Battistini, M., Cordolcini, V., Agarossi, A., Di Rosso, R., Ortolano, F., Stocchetti, N., Lourido, C. Mora, Cabrera, J. L. Santana, Santana, J. D. Martín, Alzola, L. Melián, del Rosario, C. García, Pérez, H. Rodríguez, Torrent, R. Lorenzo, Eslami, S., Dalhuisen, A., Fiks, T., Schultz, M. J., Hanna, A. Abu, Spronk, P. E., Wood, M., Maslove, D., Muscedere, J., Scott, S. H., Saha, T., Hamilton, A., Petsikas, D., Payne, D., Boyd, J. G., Puthucheary, Z. A., McNelly, A. S., Rawal, J., Connolly, B., McPhail, M. J., Sidhu, P., Rowlerson, A., Moxham, J., Harridge, S. D., Hart, N., Montgomery, H. E., Jovaisa, T., Thomas, B., Gupta, D., Wijayatilake, D. S., Shum, H. P., King, H. S., Chan, K. C., Tang, K. B., Yan, W. W., Arias, C. Castro, Latorre, J., De La Rica, A. Suárez, Garrido, E. Maseda, Feijoo, A. Montero, Gancedo, C. Hernández, Tofiño, A. López, Rodríguez, F. Gilsanz, Gemmell, L. K., Campbell, R., Doherty, P., MacKay, A., Singh, N., Vitaller, S., Nagib, H., Prieto, J., Del Arco, A., Zayas, B., Gomez, C., Tirumala, S., Pasha, S. A., Kumari, B. K., Martinez-Lopez, P., Puerto-Morlán, A., Nuevo-Ortega, P., Pujol, L. Martinez, Dolset, R. Algarte, González, B. Sánchez, Riera, S. Quintana, Álvarez, J. Trenado, Quintana, S., Martínez, L., Algarte, R., Sánchez, B., Trenado, J., Tomas, E., Brock, N., Viegas, E., Filipe, E., Cottle, D., Traynor, T., Martínez, M. V. Trasmonte, Márquez, M. Pérez, Gómez, L. Colino, Martínez, N. Arias, Muñoz, J. M. Milicua, Bellver, B. Quesada, Varea, M. Muñoz, Llorente, M. Á. Alcalá, Calvo, C. Pérez, Hillier, S. D., Faulds, M. C., Hendra, H., Lawrence, N., Maekawa, K., Hayakawa, M., Ono, Y., Kodate, A., Sadamoto, Y., Tominaga, N., Mizugaki, A., Murakami, H., Yoshida, T., Katabami, K., Wada, T., Sawamura, A., Gando, S., Silva, S., Kerhuel, L., Malagurski, B., Citerio, G., Chabanne, R., Laureys, S., Puybasset, L., Nobile, L., Pognuz, E. R., Rossetti, A. O., Verginella, F., Gaspard, N., Creteur, J., Ben-Hamouda, N., Oddo, M., Taccone, F. S., Ono, Y., Hayakawa, M., Iijima, H., Maekawa, K., Kodate, A., Sadamoto, Y., Mizugaki, A., Murakami, H., Katabami, K., Wada, T., Sawamura, A., Gando, S., Kodate, A., Katabami, K., Wada, T., Ono, Y., Maekawa, K., Hayakawa, M., Sawamura, A., Gando, S., Andersen, L. W., Raymond, T., Berg, R., Nadkarni, V., Grossestreuer, A., Kurth, T., Donnino, M., Krüger, A., Ostadal, P., Janotka, M., Vondrakova, D., Kongpolprom, N., Cholkraisuwat, J., Pekkarinen, P. T., Ristagno, G., Masson, S., Latini, R., Bendel, S., Ala-Kokko, T., Varpula, T., Vaahersalo, J., Hoppu, S., Tiainen, M., Mion, M. M., Plebani, M., Pettilä, V., Skrifvars, M.B., Son, Y., Kim, K. S., Suh, G. J., Kwon, W. Y., Ko, J. I., Park, M. J., Cavicchi, F. Zama, Iesu, E., Nobile, L., Vincent, J. L., Creteur, J., Taccone, F. S., Tanaka, H., Otani, N., Ode, S., Ishimatsu, S., Martínez, L., Algarte, R., Sánchez, B., Romero, I., Martínez, F., Quintana, S., Trenado, J., Vondrakova, D., Ostadal, P., Kruger, A., Janotka, M., Malek, F., Neuzil, P., Yeh, Y. C., Chen, Y. S., Wang, C. H., Huang, C. H., Chao, A., Lee, C. T., Lai, C. H., Chan, W. S., Cheng, Y. J., Sun, W. Z., Kaese, S., Horstmann, C., Lebiedz, P., Mourad, M., Gaudard, P., Eliet, J., Zeroual, N., Colson, P., Ostadal, P., Mlcek, M., Hrachovina, M., Kruger, A., Vondrakova, D., Janotka, M., Mates, M., Hala, P., Kittnar, O., Neuzil, P., Jacky, A., Rudiger, A., Spahn, D. R., Bettex, D. A., Kara, A., Akin, S., Dos reis Miranda, D., Struijs, A., Caliskan, K., van Thiel, R. J., Dubois, E. A., de Wilde, W., Zijlstra, F., Gommers, D., Ince, C., Marca, L., Xini, A., Mongkolpun, W., Cordeiro, C. P. R., Leite, R. T., Lheureux, O., Bader, A., Rincon, L., Santacruz, C., Preiser, J. C., Chao, A., Chao, A. S., Chen, Y. S., Kim, W., Ahn, C., Cho, Y., Lim, T. H., Oh, J., Choi, K. S., Jang, B. H., Ha, J. K., Mecklenburg, A., Stamm, J., Soeffker, G., Kubik, M., Sydow, K., Reichenspurner, H., Kluge, S., Braune, S., Bergantino, B., Ruberto, F., Magnanimi, E., Privato, E., Zullino, V., Bruno, K., Pugliese, F., Sales, G., Girotto, V., Vittone, F., Brazzi, L., Fritz, C., Kimmoun, A., Vanhuyse, F., Trifan, B., Orlowski, S., Albuisson, E., Tran, N., Levy, B., Chhor, V., Joachim, J., Follin, A., Champigneulle, B., Chatelon, J., Fave, G., Mantz, J., Pirracchio, R., Diaz, D. Díaz, Villanova, M., Aguirregabyria, M., Andrade, G., López, L., Palencia, E., John, G., Cowan, R., Hart, R., Lake, K., Litchfield, K., Song, J. W., Lee, Y. J., Cho, Y. J., Choi, S., Vermeir, P., Vandijck, D., Blot, S., Mariman, A., Verhaeghe, R., Deveugele, M., Vogelaers, D., Chok, L., Bachli, E. B., Bettex, D., Cottini, S. R., Keller, E., Maggiorini, M., Schuepbach, R., Fiks, T., Stiphout, C., Grevelink, M., Vaneker, I., Ruijter, A., Buise, M., Spronk, P. E., Tena, S. Altaba, Barrachina, L. Galarza, Portillo, J. H. Rodriguez, Aznar, G. Pagés, Campos, L. Mateu, Sellés, M. D. Ferrándiz, Tomás, M. Arlandis, Muncharaz, A. Belenguer, Skinner, L., Monsalvo, S., Olavarria, E., Stümpfle, R., Na, S. J., Park, J., Chung, C. R., Park, C. M., Suh, G. Y., Yang, J. H., Witter, T., Brousseau, C., Butler, M. B., Erdogan, M., Dougall, P. C. Mac, Green, R. S., Abbott, T. E. F., Torrance, H. D. T., Cron, N., Vaid, N., Emmanuel, J., Siddiqui, S. S., Prabu, N., Chaudhari, H. K., Patil, V. P., Divatia, J. V., Solanki, S., Kulkarni, A. P., Gutierrez, L. A. Rincon, Bader, A., Brasseur, A., Lheureux, O., Vincent, J. L., Creteur, J., Taccone, F. S., Hempel, D., Stauffert, N., Recker, F., Schröder, T., Reusch, S., Schleifer, J., Breitkreutz, R., Sjövall, F., Perner, A., Møller, M. Hylander, Moraes, R. B., Borges, F. K., Guillen, J. A. V., Zabaletta, W. J. C., Ruiz-Ramos, J., Ramirez, P., Marqués-Miñana, M. R., Villarreal, E., Gordon, M., Sosa, M., Concha, P., Castellanos, A., Menendez, R., Ramírez, C. Sánchez, Santana, M. Cabrera, Balcázar, L. Caipe, Escalada, S. Hípola, Viera, M. A. Hernández, Vázquez, C. F. Lübbe, Díaz, J. J. Díaz, Campelo, F. Artiles, Monroy, N. Sangil, Santana, P. Saavedra, Santana, S. Ruiz, Gutiérrez-Pizarraya, A., Garnacho-Montero, J., Martin, C., Baumstarck, K., Leone, M., Martín-Loeches, I., Pirracchio, R., Legrand, M., Mainardi, J. L., Mantz, J., Cholley, B., Hubbard, A., Frontera, P. Ruiz, Vega, L. M. Claraco, Miguelena, P. Ruiz de Gopegui, Usón, M. C. Villuendas, López, A. Rezusta, Clemente, E. Aurensanz, Ibañes, P. Gutiérrez, Aguilar, A. L. Ruiz, Palomar, M., Olaechea, P., Uriona, S., Vallverdu, M., Catalan, M., Nuvials, X., Aragon, C., Lerma, F. Alvarez, Jeon, Y. D., Jeong, W. Y., Kim, M. H., Jeong, I. Y., Ahn, M. Y., Ahn, J. Y., Han, S. H., Choi, J. Y., Song, Y. G., Kim, J. M., Ku, N. S., Bassi, G. Li, Xiol, E. Aguilera, Senussi, T., Idone, F. A., Motos, A., Chiurazzi, C., Travierso, C., Fernández-Barat, L., Amaro, R., Hua, Y., Ranzani, O. T., Bobi, Q., Rigol, M., Torres, A., Fernández, I. Fuentes, Soler, E. Andreu, de Vera, A. Pareja Rodríguez, Pastor, E. Escudero, Hernandis, V., Ros Martínez, J., Rubio, R. Jara, Torner, M. Miralbés, Brugger, S. Carvalho, Eroles, A. Aragones, Moles, S. Iglesias, Cabello, J. Trujillano, Schoenenberger, J. A., Casals, X. Nuvials, Vidal, M. Vallverdu, Garrido, B. Balsera, Martinez, M. Palomar, Mirabella, L., Cotoia, A., Tullo, L., Stella, A., Di Bello, F., Di Gregorio, A., Dambrosio, M., Cinnella, G., Rosario, L. E. de la Cruz, Lesmes, S. P. Gómez, Romero, J. C. García, Herrera, A. N. García, Pertuz, E. D. Díaz, Sánchez, M. J. Gómez, Sanz, E. Regidor, Hualde, J. Barado, Hernández, A. Ansotegui, Ramirez, J. Roldán, Takahashi, H., Kazutoshi, F., Okada, Y., Oobayashi, W., Naito, T., Baidya, D. K., Maitra, S., Anand, R. K., Ray, B. R., Arora, M. K., Ruffini, C., Rota, L., Corona, A., Sesana, G., Ravasi, S., Catena, E., Naumann, D. N., Mellis, C., Husheer, S. L., Bishop, J., Midwinter, M. J., Hutchings, S., Corradi, F., Brusasco, C., Manca, T., Ramelli, A., Lattuada, M., Nicolini, F., Gherli, T., Vezzani, A., Young, A., Carmona, A. Fernández, Santiago, A. Iglesias, Guillamon, L. Navarro, Delgado, M. J. García, Delgado-Amaya, M., Curiel-Balsera, E., Rivera-Romero, L., Castillo-Lorente, E., Carrero-Gómez, F., Aguayo-DeHoyos, E., Healey, A. J., Cameron, C., Jiao, L.R., Stümpfle, R., Pérez, A., Martin, S., del Moral, O. Lopez, Toval, S., Rico, J., Aldecoa, C., Oguzhan, K., Demirkiran, O., Kirman, M., Bozbay, S., Kosuk, M. E., Asyralyyeva, G., Dilek, M., Duzgun, M., Telli, S., Aydin, M., Yilmazer, F., Hodgson, L. E., Dimitrov, B. D., Stubbs, C., Forni, L. G., Venn, R., Vedage, D., Shawaf, S., Naran, P., Sirisena, N., Kinnear, J., Dimitrov, B. D., Hodgson, L. E., Stubbs, C., Forni, L. G., Venn, R., Londoño, J. Gonzalez, Cardenas, C. Lorencio, Ginés, A. Sánchez, Gubianas, C. Murcia, Sánchez, E. Clapes, Sirvent, J. M., Panafidina, V., Shlyk, I., Ilyina, V., Judickas, S., Kezyte, G., Urbanaviciute, I., Serpytis, M., Gaizauskas, E., Sipylaite, J., Sprung, C. L., Munteanu, G., Morales, R. C., Kasdan, H., Volker, T., Reiter, A., Cohen, Y., Himmel, Y., Meissonnier, J., Banderas-Bravo, M. E., Gómez-Jiménez, C., García-Martínez, M. V., Martínez-Carmona, J. F., Fernández-Ortega, J. F., O‘Dwyer, M. J., Starczewska, M., Wilks, M., Vincent, J. L., Torsvik, M., Gustad, L. T., Bangstad, I. L., Vinje, L. J., Damås, J. K., Solligård, E., Mehl, A., Tsunoda, M., Kang, M., Saito, M., Saito, N., Akizuki, N., Namiki, M., Takeda, M., Yuzawa, J., Yaguchi, A., Frantzeskaki, F., Tsirigotis, P., Chondropoulos, S., Paramythiotou, E., Theodorakopoulou, M., Stamouli, M., Gkirkas, K., Dimopoulou, I. K., Makiko, S., Tsunoda, M., Kang, M., Yuzawa, J., Akiduki, N., Namiki, M., Takeda, M., Yaguchi, A., Preau, S., Ambler, M., Sigurta, A., Saeed, S., Singer, M., Jochmans, S., Chelly, J., Vong, L. V. P., Sy, O., Serbource-Goguel, J., Rolin, N., Weyer, C. M., Abdallah, R. I., Adrie, C., Vinsonneau, C., Monchi, M., Mayr, U., Huber, W., Karsten, E., Lahmer, T., Thies, P., Henschel, B., Fischer, G., Schmid, R. M., Ediboglu, O., Ataman, S., Naz, I., Yaman, G., Kirakli, C., Su, P. L., Kou, P. S., Lin, W. C., Chen, C. W., Lozano, J. A. Benítez, Sánchez, P. Carmona, Francioni, J. E. Barrueco, Ferrón, F. Ruiz, Simón, J. M. Serrano, Riad, Z., Mezidi, M., Aublanc, M., Perinel, S., Lissonde, F., Louf-Durier, A., Yonis, H., Tapponnier, R., Richard, J. C., Louis, B., Guérin, C., Mezidi, M., Yonis, H., Aublanc, M., Lissonde, F., Louf-Durier, A., Perinel, S., Tapponnier, R., Richard, J. C., Guérin, C., Marmanidou, K., Oikonomou, M., Nouris, C., Loizou, C., Soilemezi, E., Matamis, D., Somhorst, P., Gommers, D., Hayashi, K., Hirayama, T., Yumoto, T., Tsukahara, K., Iida, A., Nosaka, N., Sato, K., Ugawa, T., Nakao, A., Ujike, Y., Hirohata, S., Mojoli, F., Torriglia, F., Giannantonio, M., Orlando, A., Bianzina, S., Tavazzi, G., Mongodi, S., Pozzi, M., Iotti, G. A., Braschi, A., Jansen, D., Gadgil, S., Doorduin, J., Roesthuis, L., van der Hoeven, J. G., Heunks, L. M. A., Chen, G. Q., Sun, X. M., He, X., Yang, Y. L., Shi, Z. H., Xu, M., Zhou, J. X., Pereira, S. M., Tucci, M. R., Tonelotto, B. F. F., Simoes, C. M., Morais, C. C. A., Pompeo, M. S., Kay, F. U., Amato, M. B. P., Vieira, J. E., Suzuki, S., Mihara, Y., Hikasa, Y., Okahara, S., Morimatsu, H., Kwon, H. M., Moon, Y. J., Lee, S. H., Jung, K. W., Shin, W. J., Jun, I. G., Song, J. G., Hwang, G. S., Lee, S., Moon, Y. J., Kwon, H. M., Jung, K., Shin, W. J., Jun, I. G., Song, J. G., Hwang, G. S., Ramelli, A., Manca, T., Corradi, F., Brusasco, C., Nicolini, F., Gherli, T., Brianti, R., Fanzaghi, P., Vezzani, A., Tudor, B. A., Klaus, D. A., Lebherz-Eichinger, D., Lechner, C., Schwarz, C., Bodingbauer, M., Seemann, R., Kaczirek, K., Fleischmann, E., Roth, G. A., Krenn, C. G., Malyshev, A., Sergey, S., Yamaguchi, Y., Nomura, T., Yoshitake, E., Idei, M., Yoshida, T., Takaki, S., Yamaguchi, O., Kaneko, M., Goto, T., Tencé, N., Zaien, I., Wolf, M., Trouiller, P., Jacobs, F. M., Kelly, J. M., Veigas, P., Hollands, S., Min, A., Rizoli, S., Robles, C. M. Coronado, de Oca Sandoval, M. A. Montes, Tarabrin, O., Gavrychenko, D., Mazurenko, G., Tarabrin, P., Garcia, I. Palacios, Martin, A. Diaz, Mendez, M. Casado, orden, V. Arellano, Noval, R. Leal, McCue, C., Gemmell, L., MacKay, A., Luján, J., Villa, P., Llorente, B., Molina, R., Alcázar, L., Juanas, C. Arenillas, Rogero, S., Pascual, T., Cambronero, J. A., Almudévar, P. Matía, Domínguez, J. Palamidessi, Carmona, S. Alcántara, Castañeda, D. Palacios, Abellán, A. Naharro, Lucendo, A. Pérez, Pérez, L. Pérez, Rivas, R. Fernández, Sanz, N. Martínez, Ramos, J. Veganzones, Villamizar, P. Rodríguez, Javadpour, S., Kalani, N., Amininejad, T., Jamali, S., Sobhanian, S., Laurent, A., Bonnet, M., Rigal, R., Aslanian, P., Hebert, P., Capellier, G., Contreras, M. R. Diaz, Mejías, C. Rodriguez, Ruiz, F. C. Santiago, Lombardo, M. Duro, Perez, J. Castaño, de Hoyos, E. Aguayo, Estella, A., Viciana, R., Fontaiña, L. Perez, Rico, T., Madueño, V. Perez, Recuerda, M., Fernández, L., Sandiumenge, A., Bonet, S., Mazo, C., Rubiera, M., Ruiz-Rodríguez, J. C., Gracia, R. M., Espinel, E., Pont, T., Kotsopoulos, A., Jansen, N., Abdo, W. F., Gopcevic, A., Gavranovic, Z., Vucic, M., Glogoski, M. Zlatic, Penavic, L. Videc, Horvat, A., Martin-Villen, L., Egea-Guerero, J. J., Revuelto-Rey, J., Aldabo-Pallas, T., Correa-Chamorro, E., Gallego-Corpa, A. I., Granados, P. Ruiz del Portal-Ruiz, Faivre, V., Wildenberg, L., Huot, B., Lukaszewicz, A. C., Simsir, M., Mengelle, C., Payen, D., Sanz, N. Martinez, Valbuena, B. Lobo, de la Fuente, M. Valdivia, Almudena, P. Matía, Pérez, L. Pérez, Carmona, S. Alcántara, Abellán, A. Navarro, Simón, I. Fernández, Muñoz, J. J. Rubio, Ramos, J. Veganzones, Carmona, S. Alcantara, Almudevar, P. Matia, Abellan, A. Naharro, Lucendo, M. A. Perez, Perez, L. Perez, Dominguez, J. Palamidessi, Rivas, R. Fernandez, Villamizar, P. Rodriguez, Wee, S., Ong, C., Lau, Y. H., Wong, Y., Banderas-Bravo, M. E., Olea-Jiménez, V., Mora-Ordóñez, J. M., Gómez-Jiménez, C., Muñoz-Muñoz, J. L., Vallejo-Báez, J., Daga-Ruiz, D., Lebrón-Gallardo, M., Rialp, G., Raurich, J. M., Morán, I., Martín, M. C., Heras, G., Mas, A., Vallverdú, I., Hraiech, S., Bourenne, J., Guervilly, C., Forel, J. M., Adda, M., Sylla, P., Mouaci, A., Gainnier, M., Papazian, L., Bauer, P. R., Kumbamu, A., Wilson, M. E., Pannu, J. K., Egginton, J. S., Kashyap, R., Gajic, O., Yoshihiro, S., Sakuraya, M., Hayakawa, M., Hirata, A., Kawamura, N., Tsutui, T., Yoshida, K., Hashimoto, Y., Chang, C. H., Hu, H. C., Chiu, L. C., Hung, C. Y., Li, S. H., Kao, K. C., Sibley, S., Drover, J., D’Arsigny, C., Parker, C., Howes, D., Moffatt, S., Erb, J., Ilan, R., Messenger, D., Ball, I., Boyd, J. G., Harrison, M., Ridi, S., Muscedere, J., Andrade, A. H., Costa, R. C., Souza, V. A., Gonzalez, V., Amorim, V., Rolla, F., Filho, C. A. C. Abreu, Miranda, R., Atchasiri, S., Buranavanich, P., Wathanawatthu, T., Suwanpasu, S., Bureau, C., Rolland-Debord, C., Poitou, T., Clavel, M., Perbet, S., Terzi, N., Kouatchet, A., Similowski, T., Demoule, A., Diaz, P., Nunes, J., Escórcio, S., Silva, G., Chaves, S., Jardim, M., Câmara, M., Fernandes, N., Duarte, R., Jardim, J. J., Pereira, C. A., Nóbrega, J. J., Chen, C. M., Lai, C. C., Cheng, K. C., Chou, W., Lee, S. J., Cha, Y. S., Lee, W. Y., Onodera, M., Nakataki, E., Oto, J., Imanaka, H., Nishimura, M., Khadjibaev, A., Sabirov, D., Rosstalnaya, A., Akalaev, R., Parpibaev, F., Antonucci, E., Rossini, P., Gandolfi, S., Montini, E., Orlando, S., van Nes, M., Karachi, F., Hanekom, S., Andrade, A. H., Pereira, U. V., Filho, C. A. C. Abreu, Costa, R. C., Parkin, M. S. W., Moore, M., Andrade, A. H., Costa, R. C., Carvalho, K. V. Silva, Filho, C. A. C. Abreu, Min, H. J., Kim, H. J., Lee, D. S., Choi, Y. Y., Lee, E. Y., Song, I., Kim, D. J., E, Y. Y., Kim, J. W., Park, J. S., Cho, Y. J., Lee, J. H., Suh, J. W., Jo, Y. H., Kim, K. S., Lee, Y. J., Ferrero-Calleja, J., Merino-Vega, D., González-Jiménez, A. I., Sigcha, M. Sigcha, Hernández-Tejedor, A., Martin-Vivas, A., Gabán-Díez, Á., Luna, R. Ruiz-de, De la Calle-Pedrosa, N., Temprano-Gómez, I., Afonso-Rivero, D., Pellin-Ariño, J. I., Algora-Weber, A., Fumis, R. R. L., Ferraz, A. B., Junior, J. M. Vieira, Kirca, H., Cakin, O., Unal, M., Mutlu, H., Ramazanoglu, A., Cengiz, M., Nicolini, E. A., Pelisson, F. G. F., Nunes, R. S., da Silva, S. L., Carreira, M. M., Bellissimo-Rodrigues, F., Ferez, M. A., Basile-Filho, A., Chao, H. C., Chen, C. M., Chen, L., Hravnak, M., Clermont, G., Pinsky, M., Dubrawski, A., Varas, J. Luján, Montero, R. Molina, Sánchez-Elvira, L. Alcázar, Díaz, P. Villa, Delgado, C. Pintado, Ruiz, B. Llorente, Guerrero, A. Pardo, Galache, J. A. Cambronero, Sherif, H., Hassanin, H., El Hossainy, R., Samy, W., Ly, H., David, H., Burtin, P., Charpentier, C., Barral, M., Courant, P., Fournel, E., Gaide-Chevronnay, L., Durand, M., Albaladejo, P., Payen, J. F., Chavanon, O., Ortiz, A. Blandino, Pozzebon, S., Lheureux, O., Brasseur, A., Vincent, J. L., Creteur, J., Taccone, F. S., Fumagalli, F., Scala, S., Affatato, R., De Maglie, M., Zani, D., Novelli, D., Marra, C., Luciani, A., De Zani, D., Luini, M., Letizia, T., Pravettoni, D., Staszewsky, L., Masson, S., Belloli, A., Di Giancamillo, M., Scanziani, E., Latini, R., Ristagno, G., Kye, Y. C., Suh, G. J., Kwon, W. Y., Kim, K. S., Yu, K. M., Babini, G., Ristagno, G., Grassi, L., Fumagalli, F., Bendel, S., De Maglie, M., Affatato, R., Masson, S., Latini, R., Scanziani, E., Reinikainen, M., Skrifvars, M., Kappler, F., Blobner, M., Schaller, S. J., Roasio, A., Costanzo, E., Cardellino, S., Iesu, E., Cavicchi, F. Zama, Fontana, V., Nobile, L., Vincent, J. L., Creteur, J., Taccone, F. S., Park, M., You, K. M., Suh, G. J., Kwon, W. Y., Ko, S. B., Kim, K. S., Xini, A., Marca, L., Lheureux, O., Brasseur, A., Vincent, J. L., Creteur, J., Taccone, F. S., Beane, A., Thilakasiri, M. C. K. T., De Silva, A. P., Stephens, T., Sigera, C. S., Athapattu, P., Jayasinghe, S., Padeniya, A., Haniffa, R., Santiago, A. Iglesias, Sáez, V. Chica, Ruiz-Ruano, R. de la Chica, González, A. Sánchez, Kunze-Szikszay, N., Wand, S., Klapsing, P., Wetz, A., Heyne, T., Schwerdtfeger, K., Troeltzsch, M., Bauer, M., Quintel, M., Moerer, O., Cook, D. J., Rutherford, W. B., Scales, D. C., Adhikari, N. K., Cuthbertson, B. H., Suzuki, T., Takei, T., Fushimi, K., Iwamoto, M., Nakagawa, S., Mendsaikhan, N., Begzjav, T., Lundeg, G., Dünser, M. W., Romero, D. González, Cabrera, J. L. Santana, Santana, J. D. Martín, Padilla, Y. Santana, Pérez, H. Rodríguez, Torrent, R. Lorenzo, Kleinpell, R., Chouris, I., Radu, V., Stougianni, M., Lavrentieva, A., Lagonidis, D., Price, R. D. T., Day, A., Arora, N., Henderson, M. A., Hickey, S., Costa, M. I. Almeida, Carvalho, J. P., Gomes, A. A., Mergulhão, P. J., Chan, K. K. C., Shum, H. P., Yan, W. W., Maghsoudi, B., Tabei, S. H., Masjedi, M., Sabetian, G., Tabatabaei, H. R., Akbarzadeh, A., Saigal, S., Pakhare, A., Joshi, R., Pattnaik, S. K., Ray, B., Rousseau, A. F., Michel, L., Bawin, M., Cavalier, E., Reginster, J. Y., Damas, P., Bruyere, O., Zhou, J. C., Cauwenberghs, H., De Backer, A., Neels, H., Deblier, I., Berghmans, J., Himpe, D., Barea-Mendoza, J. A., Portillo, I. Prieto, Fernández, M. Valiente, Gigorro, R. Garcia, Vela, J. L. Perez, Mateos, H. Marín, Alves, S. Chacón, Varas, G. Morales, Rodriguez-Biendicho, A., Carreño, E. Renes, González, J. C. Montejo, Yang, J. S., Chiang, C. H., Hung, W. T., Huang, W. C., Cheng, C. C., Lin, K. C., Lin, S. C., Chiou, K. R., Wann, S. R., Lin, K. L., Kang, P. L., Mar, G. Y., Liu, C. P., Zhou, J. C., Choi, Y. J., Yoon, S. Z., Gordillo-Brenes, A., Fernandez-Zamora, M. D., Perez-Borrero, L., Arias-Verdu, M. D., Aguilar-Alonso, E., Herruzo-Aviles, A., Garcia-Delgado, M., Hinojosa-Perez, R., Curiel-Balsera, E., Rivera-Fernandez, R., Lesmes, S. P. Gómez, Rosario, L. E. De la Cruz, Hernández, A. Ansotegui, Herrera, A. N. García, Sanz, E. Regidor, Sánchez, M. J. Gómez, Hualde, J. Barado, Pascual, O. Agudo, León, J. P. Tirapu, Irazabal, J. M. Guergue, Pérez, A. González, Fernández, P. Alvarez, Amor, L. Lopéz, Albaiceta, G. Muñiz, Lesmes, S. P. Gómez, Rosario, L. E. De la Cruz, Hernández, A. Ansotegui, Sanz, E. Regidor, Sánchez, M. J. Gómez, Calvo, S. Aldunate, Herrera, A. N. García, Hualde, J. Barado, Pascual, O. Agudo, León, J. P. Tirapu, Corona, A., Ruffini, C., Spazzadeschi, A., Marrazzo, F., Gandola, A., Sciurti, R., Savi, C., Catena, E., Ke, M. W., Cheng, C. C., Huang, W. C., Chiang, C. H., Hung, W. T., Lin, K. C., Lin, S. C., Wann, S. R., Chiou, K. R., Tseng, C. J., Kang, P. L., Mar, G. Y., Liu, C. P., Bertini, P., De Sanctis, F., Guarracino, F., Bertini, P., Baldassarri, R., Guarracino, F., Buitinck, S. H., van der Voort, P. H. J., Oto, J., Nakataki, E., Tsunano, Y., Izawa, M., Tane, N., Onodera, M., Nishimura, M., Ghosh, S., Gupta, A., De Gasperi, A., Mazza, E., Limuti, R., Prosperi, M., Bissenova, N., Yergaliyeva, A., Talan, L., Yılmaz, G., Güven, G., Yoruk, F., Altıntas, N. D., Mukherjee, D. N., Agarwal, L. K., Mandal, K., Palomar, M., Balsera, B., Vallverdu, M., Martinez, M., Garcia, M., Castellana, D., Lopez, R., Barcenilla, F., Kaminsky, G. E., Carreño, R., Escribá, A., Fuentes, M., Gálvez, V., Del Olmo, R., Nieto, B., Vaquerizo, C., Alvarez, J., De la Torre, M. A., Torres, E., Bogossian, E., Nouer, S. Aranha, Salgado, D. Ribeiro, Brugger, S. Carvalho, Jiménez, G. Jiménez, Torner, M. Miralbés, Vidal, M. Vallverdú, Garrido, B. Balsera, Casals, X. Nuvials, Gaite, F. Barcenilla, Cabello, J. Trujillano, Martínez, M. Palomar, Doganci, M., Izdes, S., Besevli, S. Guzeldag, Alkan, A., Kayaaslan, B., Ramírez, C. Sánchez, Balcázar, L. Caipe, Santana, M. Cabrera, Viera, M. A. Hernández, Escalada, S. Hípola, Vázquez, C. F. Lübbe, Penichet, S. M. Marrero, Campelo, F. Artiles, López, M. A. De La Cal, Santana, P. Saavedra, Santana, S. Ruíz, Repessé, X., Artiguenave, M., Paktoris-Papine, S., Espinasse, F., Dinh, A., El Sayed, F., Charron, C., Géri, G., Vieillard-Baron, A., Marmanidou, K., Oikonomou, M., Nouris, C., Dimitroulakis, K., Soilemezi, E., Matamis, D., Ferré, A., Guillot, M., Teboul, J. L., Lichtenstein, D., Mézière, G., Richard, C., Monnet, X., Pham, T., Beduneau, G., Schortgen, F., Piquilloud, L., Zogheib, E., Jonas, M., Grelon, F., Runge, I., Terzi, N., Grangé, S., Barberet, G., Guitard, P. G., Frat, J. P., Constan, A., Chrétien, J. M., Mancebo, J., Mercat, A., Richard, J. C. M., Brochard, L., Prīdāne, S., Sabeļņikovs, O., Mojoli, F., Orlando, A., Bianchi, I., Torriglia, F., Bianzina, S., Pozzi, M., Iotti, G. A., Braschi, A., Beduneau, G., Pham, T., Schortgen, F., Piquilloud, L., Zogheib, E., Jonas, M., Grelon, F., Runge, I., Terzi, N., Grangé, S., Barberet, G., Guitard, P. G., Frat, J. P., Constan, A., Chrétien, J. M., Mancebo, J., Mercat, A., Richard, J. C. M., Brochard, L., Kondili, E., Psarologakis, C., Kokkini, S., Amargianitakis, V., Babalis, D., Chytas, A., Chouvarda, I., Vaporidi, K., Georgopoulos, D., Trapp, O., Kalenka, A., Mojoli, F., Orlando, A., Bianchi, I., Torriglia, F., Bianzina, S., Pozzi, M., Iotti, G. A., Braschi, A., Lozano, J. A. Benítez, Sánchez, P. Carmona, Francioni, J. E. Barrueco, Ferrón, F. Ruiz, Simón, J. M. Serrano, Spadaro, S., Karbing, D. S., Gioia, A., Moro, F., Corte, F. Dalla, Mauri, T., Volta, C. A., Rees, S. E., Petrova, M. V., Mohan, R., Butrov, A. V., Beeharry, S. D., Vatsik, M. V., Sakieva, F. I., Gobert, F., Yonis, H., Tapponnier, R., Fernandez, R., Labaune, M. A., Burle, J. F., Barbier, J., Vincent, B., Cleyet, M., Richard, J. C., Guérin, C., Shinotsuka, C. Righy, Creteur, J., Taccone, F. S., Törnblom, S., Nisula, S., Vaara, S., Poukkanen, M., Andersson, S., Pettilä, V., Pesonen, E., Xie, Z., Liao, X., Kang, Y., Zhang, J., Kubota, K., Egi, M., Mizobuchi, S., Hegazy, S., El-Keraie, A., El Sayed, E., El Hamid, M. Abd, Rodrigues, N. J., Pereira, M., Godinho, I., Gameiro, J., Neves, M., Gouveia, J., e Silva, Z. Costa, Lopes, J. A., Mckinlay, J., Kostalas, M., Kooner, G., Dudas, G., Horton, A., Kerr, C., Karanjia, N., Creagh-Brown, B., Forni, L., Yamazaki, A., Ganuza, M. Sanz, Molina, J. A. Martinez, Martinez, F. Hidalgo, Freile, M. T. Chiquito, Fernandez, N. Garcia, Travieso, P. Medrano, Bandert, A., Frithiof, R., Lipcsey, M., Smekal, D., Schlaepfer, P., Durovray, J. D., Plouhinec, V., Chiappa, C., Bellomo, R., Schneider, A. G., Mitchell, S., Durrant, J., Street, H., Dunthorne, E., Shears, J., Caballero, C. Hernandez, Hutchison, R., Schwarze, S., Ghabina, S., Thompson, E., Prowle, J. R., Kirwan, C. J., Gonzalez, C. A., Pinto, J. L., Orozco, V., Patiño, J. A., Garcia, P. K., Contreras, K. M., Rodriguez, P., Echeverri, J. E., GETGAG Working Group, JSEPTIC (Japanese Society of Education for Physicians and Trainees in Intensive Care) Clinical Trial Group, CAPCRI Study, for the ReVA Research Network and the PROVE Network Investigators, from the FROG ICU Investigators, The WIND study group, Plug Working Group, GETGAG/SEMICYUC, AKI Research Group, St George’s University of London, IPREA Study Group, FINNRESUSCI Study Group, PICS- HCPA: Programa Intrahospitalar de Combate à Sepse do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, ENVIN-HELICS Study Group, ARIAM registry of adult cardiac surgery, The Rapid Diagnosis of Infections in the Critically Ill Team, Tokyo Womens Medical University, PLUG working group, PLUG Working Group, On behalf of Okayama Research Investigation Organizing Network (ORION)investigators, PS-ICU Group, Japan Septic Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (JSEPTIC DIC) study group, Student Research Committee - Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, ARIAM-ANDALUCIA, The WIND study group, PLUG Working Group, The WIND study group, PLUG Working Group, and Plug working group
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Oxygénothérapie hyperbare et gaz inertes dans l’ischémie cérébrale et le traumatisme crânien
- Author
-
Chhor, V., Canini, F., De Rudnicki, S., Dahmani, S., Gressens, P., and Constantin, P.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Conséquences cérébrales à long terme de l’inflammation périnatale
- Author
-
Chhor, V., Schang, A.-L., Favrais, G., Fleiss, B., and Gressens, P.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Anesthésie et maladie de Parkinson
- Author
-
Chhor, V., Karachi, C., Bonnet, A.-M., Puybasset, L., and Lescot, T.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Ruolo del tiopentale in rianimazione
- Author
-
Degos, V. and Chhor, V.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Hemofiltración
- Author
-
Chhor, V. and Journois, D.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Indicaciones del tiopental en reanimación
- Author
-
Degos, V. and Chhor, V.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Efficiency and safety of apnea test process under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: the most effective method remains questionable
- Author
-
Champigneulle, B., Chhor, V., Mantz, J., and Journois, D.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. MICROGLIAL PRIMING – AFFECTING AND PERPETUATING DAMAGE IN THE PERINATAL BRAIN?: S08-02
- Author
-
Van Steenwinckel, J., Schang, A.-L., Chhor, V., Sigaut, S., Degos, V., Lebon, S., Le Charpentier, T., Schwendimann, L., Fleiss, B., and Gressens, P.
- Published
- 2013
11. Techniques de suppléance de l’insuffisance rénale aiguë
- Author
-
Chhor, V., primary and Journois, D., additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. 0395 “Doctor, I Can’t Sleep”, How Intensivist Cannot Restore Their Sleep Debt
- Author
-
Chhor, V, primary, Leger, D, primary, Pepin, E, primary, and Elbaz, M, primary
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Évaluation de la récupération du sommeil après une garde de 24 heures chez les médecins juniors et seniors en réanimation chirurgicale
- Author
-
Chhor, V., primary, Elbaz, M., additional, Roquet, F., additional, Pépin, E., additional, and Léger, D., additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Cholécystite aiguë de réanimation
- Author
-
Degroote, T., primary, Chhor, V., additional, Tran, M., additional, Philippart, F., additional, and Bruel, C., additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Prognosis of Prolonged Intensive Care Unit Stay After Aortic Valve Replacement for Severe Aortic Stenosis in Octogenarians
- Author
-
Augustin, P., primary, Tanaka, S., additional, Chhor, V., additional, Provenchère, S., additional, Arnaudovski, D., additional, Ibrahim, H., additional, Dilly, M.-P., additional, Allou, N., additional, Montravers, P., additional, and Philip, I., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Estimation de la pression systémique moyenne corrigée par l’index de transmission
- Author
-
Lancelot, A., primary, Chhor, V., additional, Pasero, D., additional, Rienzo, M., additional, Follin, A., additional, Chatelon, J., additional, Lebard, C., additional, Cholley, B., additional, Journois, D., additional, and Pirracchio, R., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. L’histamine est une cible potentielle dans la neuroprotection des lésions cérébrales aiguës
- Author
-
Chhor, V., primary, Sigaut, S., additional, Le Charpentier, T., additional, Lebon, S., additional, Degos, V., additional, Gressens, P., additional, and Fleiss, B., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Le cromoglycate est neuroprotecteur et module l’activation microgliale dans un modèle murin de traumatisme crânien
- Author
-
Chhor, V., primary, Le Charpentier, T., additional, Oré, M.-V., additional, Josserand, J., additional, Degos, V., additional, Lebon, S., additional, Schwendimann, L., additional, Gressens, P., additional, and Fleiss, B., additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Méningoencéphalite après vaccination antigrippale
- Author
-
Chhor, V., Lescot, T., Lerolle, N., Tadié, J.-M., and Guérot, E.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Évaluation de la formation initiale et de la nécessité du post-internat par les internes d’anesthésie-réanimation franciliens
- Author
-
Chousterman, B.-G., primary, Bouroche, G., additional, Verdonk, F., additional, and Chhor, V., additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Place du thiopental en réanimation
- Author
-
Degos, V., primary and Chhor, V., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Neuro-inflammation aiguë et stratégies neuroprotectrices
- Author
-
Degos, V., primary, Chhor, V., additional, Gressens, P., additional, and Mantz, J., additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Emofiltrazione
- Author
-
Chhor, V., primary and Journois, D., additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Hémofiltration
- Author
-
Chhor, V., primary and Journois, D., additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Insuffisance et agression rénales aiguës périopératoires
- Author
-
Chhor, V., primary and Journois, D., additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Poor performances of EuroSCORE and CARE score for prediction of perioperative mortality in octogenarians undergoing aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis.
- Author
-
Chhor V, Merceron S, Ricome S, Baron G, Daoud O, Dilly MP, Aubier B, Provenchere S, and Philip I
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. ESICM LIVES 2016: part three : Milan, Italy. 1-5 October 2016
- Author
-
Velasquez, T., Mackey, G., Lusk, J., Kyle, Ug, Fontenot, T., Marshall, P., Shekerdemian, Ls, Coss-Bu, Ja, Nishigaki, A., Yatabe, T., Tamura, T., Yamashita, K., Yokoyama, M., Ruiz-Rodriguez, Jc, Encina, B., Belmonte, R., Troncoso, I., Tormos, P., Riveiro, M., Baena, J., Sanchez, A., Bañeras, J., Cordón, J., Duran, N., Ruiz, A., Caballero, J., Nuvials, X., Riera, J., Serra, J., Rutten, Am, Ieperen, Sn, Kinderen, Ep, Logten, T., Kovacikova, L., Skrak, P., Zahorec, M., Akcan-Arikan, A., Silva, Jc, Goldsworthy, M., Wood, D., Harrison, D., Parslow, R., Davis, P., Pappachan, J., Goodwin, S., Ramnarayan, P., Chernyshuk, S., Yemets, H., Zhovnir, V., Pulitano, Sm, Rosa, S., Mancino, A., Villa, G., Tosi, F., Franchi, P., Conti, G., Patel, B., Khine, H., Shah, A., Sung, D., Singer, L., Haghbin, S., Inaloo, S., Serati, Z., Idei, M., Nomura, T., Yamamoto, N., Sakai, Y., Yoshida, T., Matsuda, Y., Yamaguchi, Y., Takaki, S., Yamaguchi, O., Goto, T., Longani, N., Medar, S., Abdel-Aal, Ir, El Adawy, As, Mohammed, Hm, Mohamed, An, Parry, Sm, Knight, Ld, Denehy, L., Morton, N., Baldwin, Ce, Sani, D., Kayambu, G., Da Silva, Vz, Phongpagdi, P., Puthucheary, Za, Granger, Cl, Rydingsward, Je, Horkan, Cm, Christopher, Kb, Mcwilliams, D., Jones, C., Reeves, E., Atkins, G., Snelson, C., Aitken, Lm, Rattray, J., Kenardy, J., Hull, Am, Ullman, A., Le Brocque, R., Mitchell, M., Davis, C., Macfarlane, B., Azevedo, Jc, Rocha, Ll, Freitas, Ff, Cavalheiro, Am, Lucinio, Nm, Lobato, Ms, Ebeling, G., Kraegpoeth, A., Laerkner, E., Brito-Ashurst, I., White, C., Gregory, S., Forni, Lg, Flowers, E., Curtis, A., Wood, Ca, Siu, K., Venkatesan, K., Muhammad, Jb, Ng, L., Seet, E., Baptista, N., Escoval, A., Tomas, E., Agrawal, R., Mathew, R., Varma, A., Dima, E., Charitidou, E., Perivolioti, E., Pratikaki, M., Vrettou, C., Giannopoulos, A., Zakynthinos, S., Routsi, C., Atchade, E., Houzé, S., Jean-Baptiste, S., Thabut, G., Genève, C., Tanaka, S., Lortat-Jacob, B., Augustin, P., Desmard, M., Montravers, P., Molina, Fj, Barbadillo, S., Alejandro, R., Álvarez-Lerma, F., Vallés, J., Catalán, Rm, Palencia, E., Jareño, A., Granada, Rm, Ignacio, Ml, Getgag, Working Group, Cui, N., Liu, D., Wang, H., Su, L., Qiu, H., Li, R., Jaffal, K., Rouzé, A., Poissy, J., Sendid, B., Nseir, S., Paramythiotou, E., Rizos, M., Frantzeskaki, F., Antoniadou, A., Vourli, S., Zerva, L., Armaganidis, A., Gottlieb, J., Greer, M., Wiesner, O., Martínez, M., Acuña, M., Rello, J., Welte, T., Mignot, T., Soussi, S., Dudoignon, E., Ferry, A., Chaussard, M., Benyamina, M., Alanio, A., Touratier, S., Chaouat, M., Lafaurie, M., Mimoun, M., Mebazaa, A., Legrand, M., Sheils, Ma, Patel, C., Mohankumar, L., Akhtar, N., Noriega, Sk, Aldana, Nn, León, Jl, Baquero, Jd, Bernal, Ff, Ahmadnia, E., Hadley, Js, Millar, M., Hall, D., Hewitt, H., Yasuda, H., Sanui, M., Komuro, T., Kawano, S., Andoh, K., Yamamoto, H., Noda, E., Hatakeyama, J., Saitou, N., Okamoto, H., Kobayashi, A., Takei, T., Matsukubo, S., Jseptic, Clinical Trial Group, Rotzel, Hb, Lázaro, As, Prada, Da, Gimillo, MR, Barinas, Od, Cortes, Ml, Franco, Jf, Roca, Jm, Carratalá, A., Gonçalves, B., Turon, R., Mendes, A., Miranda, F., Mata, Pj, Cavalcanti, D., Melo, N., Lacerda, P., Kurtz, P., Righy, C., Rosario, Le, Lesmes, Sp, Romero, Jc, Herrera, An, Pertuz, Ed, Sánchez, Mj, Sanz, Er, Hualde, Jb, Hernández, Aa, Irazabal, Jm, Spatenkova, V., Bradac, O., Suchomel, P., Urli, T., Lazzeri, Eh, Aspide, R., Zanello, M., Perez-Borrero, L., Garcia-Alvarez, Jm, Arias-Verdu, Md, Aguilar-Alonso, E., Rivera-Fernandez, R., Mora-Ordoñez, J., La Fuente-Martos, C., Castillo-Lorente, E., Guerrero-Lopez, F., Ramírez, Jr, León, Jp, Navarro-Guillamón, L., Cordovilla-Guardia, S., Iglesias-Santiago, A., Guerrero-López, F., Fernández-Mondéjar, E., Vidal, A., Perez, M., Juez, A., Arias, N., Colino, L., Perez, Jl, Pérez, H., Calpe, P., Alcala, Ma, Robaglia, D., Perez, C., Lan, Sk, Cunha, Mm, Moreira, T., Santos, F., Lafuente, E., Fernandes, Mj, Silva, Jg, Echeverría, Jg, Podlepich, V., Sokolova, E., Alexandrova, E., Lapteva, K., Shuinotsuka, C., Rabello, L., Vianna, G., Reis, A., Cairus, C., Salluh, J., Bozza, F., Torres, Jc, Araujo, Nj, García-Olivares, P., Keough, E., Dalorzo, M., Tang, Lk, Sousa, I., Díaz, M., Marcos-Zambrano, Lj, Guerrero, Je, Gomez, Se, Lopez, Gd, Cuellar, Ai, Nieto, Or, Gonzalez, Ja, Bhasin, D., Rai, S., Singh, H., Gupta, O., Bhattal, Mk, Sampley, S., Sekhri, K., Nandha, R., Aliaga, Fa, Olivares, F., Appiani, F., Farias, P., Alberto, F., Hernández, A., Pons, S., Sonneville, R., Bouadma, L., Neuville, M., Mariotte, E., Radjou, A., Lebut, J., Chemam, S., Voiriot, G., Dilly, Mp, Mourvillier, B., Dorent, R., Nataf, P., Wolff, M., Timsit, Jf, Ediboglu, O., Ataman, S., Ozkarakas, H., Kirakli, C., Vakalos, A., Avramidis, V., Obukhova, O., Kurmukov, Ia, Kashiya, S., Golovnya, E., Baikova, Vn, Ageeva, T., Haritydi, T., Kulaga, Ev, Rios-Toro, Jj, Lopez-Caler, C., Rodriguez-Fernandez, S., Sanchez-Orézzoli, Mg, Martin-Gallardo, F., Nikhilesh, J., Joshi, V., Villarreal, E., Ruiz, J., Gordon, M., Quinza, A., Gimenez, J., Piñol, M., Castellanos, A., Ramirez, P., Jeon, Yd, Jeong, Wy, Kim, Mh, Jeong, Iy, Ahn, My, Ahn, Jy, Han, Sh, Choi, Jy, Song, Yg, Kim, Jm, Ku, Ns, Shah, H., Kellner, F., Rezai, F., Mistry, N., Yodice, P., Ovnanian, V., Fless, K., Handler, E., Alejos, Rm, Romeu, Jd, Antón, Dg, Quinart, A., Martí, At, Laura Navarro Guillamon, Lobo-Civico, A., Ventura-Rosado, A., Piñol-Tena, A., Pi-Guerrero, M., Paños-Espinosa, C., Peralvo-Bernat, M., Marine-Vidal, J., Gonzalez-Engroba, R., Montesinos-Cerro, N., Treso-Geira, M., Valeiras-Valero, A., Martinez-Reyes, L., Sandiumenge, A., Jimenez-Herrera, Mf, Capcri, Study, Helyar, S., Riozzi, P., Noon, A., Hallows, G., Cotton, H., Keep, J., Hopkins, Pa, Taggu, A., Renuka, S., Sampath, S., Rood, Pj, Frenzel, T., Verhage, R., Bonn, M., Pickkers, P., Hoeven, Jg, Den Boogaard, M., Corradi, F., Melnyk, L., Moggia, F., Pienovi, R., Adriano, G., Brusasco, C., Mariotti, L., Lattuada, M., Bloomer, Mj, Coombs, M., Ranse, K., Endacott, R., Maertens, B., Blot, K., Blot, S., Amerongen, Mp, Heiden, Es, Twisk, Jw, Girbes, Ar, Spijkstra, Jj, Bell, C., Peters, K., Feehan, A., Churchill, K., Hawkins, K., Brook, R., Paver, N., Maistry, N., Wijk, A., Rouw, N., Galen, T., Evelein-Brugman, S., Krishna, B., Putzu, A., Fang, M., Berto, Mb, Belletti, A., Cassina, T., Cabrini, L., Mistry, M., Alhamdi, Y., Welters, I., Abrams, St, Toh, Ch, Han, Hs, Gil, Em, Lee, Ds, Park, Cm, Winder-Rhodes, S., Lotay, R., Doyle, J., Ke, Mw, Huang, Wc, Chiang, Ch, Hung, Wt, Cheng, Cc, Lin, Kc, Lin, Sc, Chiou, Kr, Wann, Sr, Shu, Cw, Kang, Pl, Mar, Gy, Liu, Cp, Dubó, S., Aquevedo, A., Jibaja, M., Berrutti, D., Labra, C., Lagos, R., García, Mf, Ramirez, V., Tobar, M., Picoita, F., Peláez, C., Carpio, D., Alegría, L., Hidalgo, C., Godoy, K., Bakker, J., Hernández, G., Sadamoto, Y., Katabami, K., Wada, T., Ono, Y., Maekawa, K., Hayakawa, M., Sawamura, A., Gando, S., Marin-Mateos, H., Perez-Vela, Jl, Garcia-Gigorro, R., Peiretti, Ma, Lopez-Gude, Mj, Chacon-Alves, S., Renes-Carreño, E., Montejo-González, Jc, Parlevliet, Kl, Touw, Hr, Beerepoot, M., Boer, C., Elbers, Pw, Tuinman, Pr, Abdelmonem, Sa, Helmy, Ta, El Sayed, I., Ghazal, S., Akhlagh, Sh, Masjedi, M., Hozhabri, K., Kamali, E., Zýková, I., Paldusová, B., Sedlák, P., Morman, D., Youn, Am, Ohta, Y., Sakuma, M., Bates, D., Morimoto, T., Su, Pl, Chang, Wy, Lin, Wc, Chen, Cw, Facchin, F., Zarantonello, F., Panciera, G., Cassai, A., Venrdramin, A., Ballin, A., Tonetti, T., Persona, P., Ori, C., Del Sorbo, L., Rossi, S., Vergani, G., Cressoni, M., Chiumello, D., Chiurazzi, C., Brioni, M., Algieri, I., Guanziroli, M., Colombo, A., Tomic, I., Crimella, F., Carlesso, E., Gasparovic, V., Gattinoni, L., Neto, As, Schmidt, M., Pham, T., Combes, A., Abreu, Mg, Pelosi, P., Schultz, Mj, Prove, Reva Research Network And The Network Investigators, Katira, Bh, Engelberts, D., Giesinger, Re, Ackerley, C., Zabini, D., Otulakowski, G., Post, M., Kuebler, Wm, Mcnamara, Pj, Kavanagh, Bp, Pirracchio, R., Rigon, MR, Carone, M., Chevret, S., Annane, D., Eladawy, S., El-Hamamsy, M., Bazan, N., Elgendy, M., Pascale, G., Vallecoccia, Ms, Cutuli, Sl, Di Gravio, V., Pennisi, Ma, Antonelli, M., Andreis, Dt, Khaliq, W., Singer, M., Hartmann, J., Harm, S., Carmona, Sa, Almudevar, Pm, Abellán, An, Ramos, Jv, Pérez, Lp, Valbuena, Bl, Sanz, Nm, Simón, If, Arrigo, M., Feliot, E., Deye, N., Cariou, A., Guidet, B., Jaber, S., Leone, M., Resche-Rigon, M., Baron, Av, Gayat, E., Frog Icu, Investigators, Balik, M., Kolnikova, I., Maly, M., Waldauf, P., Tavazzi, G., Kristof, J., Herpain, A., Su, F., Post, E., Taccone, F., Vincent, Jl, Creteur, J., Lee, C., Hatib, F., Jian, Z., Buddi, S., Cannesson, M., Fileković, S., Turel, M., Knafelj, R., Gorjup, V., Stanić, R., Gradišek, P., Cerović, O., Mirković, T., Noč, M., Tirkkonen, J., Hellevuo, H., Olkkola, Kt, Hoppu, S., Chiang, Cc, Juan, Wc, Lin, Ph, Fong, Ky, Hou, Ds, Chen, Ys, Paul, M., Bougouin, W., Geri, G., Dumas, F., Champigneulle, B., Legriel, S., Charpentier, J., Mira, Jp, Sandroni, C., Zimmerman, J., Sullivan, E., Noursadeghi, M., Fox, B., Sampson, D., Mchugh, L., Yager, T., Cermelli, S., Seldon, T., Bhide, S., Brandon, Ra, Brandon, Rb, Zwaag, J., Beunders, R., Kox, M., Gul, F., Arslantas, Mk, Genc, D., Zibandah, N., Topcu, L., Akkoc, T., Cinel, I., Greco, E., Lauretta, Mp, Garcia, Ip, Cordero, M., Martin, Ad, Pallás, Ta, Montero, Jg, Rey, Jr, Malo, Lr, Montoya, Aa, Martinez, Ad, Ayala, Ly, Zepeda, Em, Granillo, Jf, Sanchez, Ja, Alejo, Gc, Cabrera, Ar, Montenegro, Ap, Beduneau, G., Schortgen, F., Piquilloud, L., Zogheib, E., Jonas, M., Grelon, F., Runge, I., Terzi, N., Grangé, S., Barberet, G., Guitard, Pg, Frat, Jp, Constan, A., Chrétien, Jm, Mancebo, J., Mercat, A., Richard, Jc, Brochard, L., Wind, Study Group, Soilemezi, E., Koco, E., Savvidou, S., Nouris, C., Matamis, D., Plug Working Group, Di Mussi, R., Spadaro, S., Volta, Ca, Mariani, M., Colaprico, A., Antonio, C., Bruno, F., Grasso, S., Rodriguez, A., Martín-Loeches, I., Díaz, E., Masclans, Jr, Gordo, F., Solé-Violán, J., Bodí, M., Avilés-Jurado, Fx, Trefler, S., Magret, M., Reyes, Lf, Marín-Corral, J., Yebenes, Jc, Esteban, A., Anzueto, A., Aliberti, S., Restrepo, Mi, GETGAG/SEMICYUC, Larsson, Js, Redfors, B., Ricksten, Se, Haines, R., Powell-Tuck, J., Leonard, H., Ostermann, M., Berthelsen, Re, Itenov, Ts, Perner, A., Jensen, Ju, Ibsen, M., Jensen, Ae, Bestle, Mh, Bucknall, T., Dixon, J., Boa, F., Macphee, I., Philips, Bj, Aki, Research Group, St George’s University of London, Saadat, F., Samuels, T., Huddart, S., Mccormick, B., Debrunnar, R., Preece, J., Swart, M., Peden, C., Richardson, S., Forni, L., Kalfon, P., Baumstarck, K., Estagnasie, P., Geantot, Ma, Berric, A., Simon, G., Floccard, B., Signouret, T., Boucekine, M., Fromentin, M., Nyunga, M., Sossou, A., Venot, M., Robert, R., Follin, A., Renault, A., Garrouste, M., Collange, O., Levrat, Q., Villard, I., Thévenin, D., Pottecher, J., Patrigeon, Rg, Revel, N., Vigne, C., Mimoz, O., Auquier, P., Iprea, Study Group, Pawar, S., Jacques, T., Deshpande, K., Pusapati, R., Wood, B., Pulham, Ra, Wray, J., Brown, K., Pierce, C., Nadel, S., Azevedo, Jr, Montenegro, Ws, Rodrigues, Dp, Sousa, Sc, Araujo, Vf, Leitao, Al, Prazeres, Ph, Mendonca, Av, Paula, Mp, Das Neves, A., Loudet, Ci, Busico, M., Vazquez, D., Villalba, D., Lischinsky, A., Veronesi, M., Emmerich, M., Descotte, E., Juliarena, A., Bisso, Mc, Grando, M., Tapia, A., Camargo, M., Ulla, Dv, Corzo, L., Dos Santos, Hp, Ramos, A., Doglia, Ja, Estenssoro, E., Carbonara, M., Magnoni, S., Donald, Cl, Shimony, Js, Conte, V., Triulzi, F., Stretti, F., Macrì, M., Snyder, Az, Stocchetti, N., Brody, Dl, Shimanskiy, V., Savin, I., Chumaev, A., Tjepkema-Cloostermans, Mc, Hofmeijer, J., Beishuizen, A., Hom, H., Blans, Mj, Putten, Mj, Longhi, L., Frigeni, B., Curinga, M., Mingone, D., Beretta, S., Patruno, A., Gandini, L., Vargiolu, A., Ferri, F., Ceriani, R., Rottoli, MR, Lorini, L., Citerio, G., Pifferi, S., Battistini, M., Cordolcini, V., Agarossi, A., Di Rosso, R., Ortolano, F., Lourido, Cm, Cabrera, Jl, Santana, Jd, Alzola, Lm, Del Rosario, Cg, Pérez, Hr, Torrent, Rl, Eslami, S., Dalhuisen, A., Fiks, T., Hanna, Aa, Spronk, Pe, Wood, M., Maslove, D., Muscedere, J., Scott, Sh, Saha, T., Hamilton, A., Petsikas, D., Payne, D., Boyd, Jg, Mcnelly, As, Rawal, J., Connolly, B., Mcphail, Mj, Sidhu, P., Rowlerson, A., Moxham, J., Harridge, Sd, Hart, N., Montgomery, He, Jovaisa, T., Thomas, B., Gupta, D., Wijayatilake, Ds, Shum, Hp, King, Hs, Chan, Kc, Tang, Kb, Yan, Ww, Arias, Cc, Latorre, J., La Rica, As, Garrido, Em, Feijoo, Am, Gancedo, Ch, Tofiño, Al, Rodríguez, Fg, Gemmell, Lk, Campbell, R., Doherty, P., Mackay, A., Singh, N., Vitaller, S., Nagib, H., Prieto, J., Del Arco, A., Zayas, B., Gomez, C., Tirumala, S., Pasha, Sa, Kumari, Bk, Martinez-Lopez, P., Puerto-Morlán, A., Nuevo-Ortega, P., Pujol, Lm, Dolset, Ra, González, Bs, Riera, Sq, Álvarez, Jt, Quintana, S., Martínez, L., Algarte, R., Sánchez, B., Trenado, J., Brock, N., Viegas, E., Filipe, E., Cottle, D., Traynor, T., Martínez, Mv, Márquez, Mp, Gómez, Lc, Martínez, Na, Muñoz, Jm, Bellver, Bq, Varea, Mm, Llorente, Má, Calvo, Cp, Hillier, Sd, Faulds, Mc, Hendra, H., Lawrence, N., Kodate, A., Tominaga, N., Mizugaki, A., Murakami, H., Silva, S., Kerhuel, L., Malagurski, B., Chabanne, R., Laureys, S., Puybasset, L., Nobile, L., Pognuz, Er, Rossetti, Ao, Verginella, F., Gaspard, N., Ben-Hamouda, N., Oddo, M., Taccone, Fs, Iijima, H., Andersen, Lw, Raymond, T., Berg, R., Nadkarni, V., Grossestreuer, A., Kurth, T., Donnino, M., Krüger, A., Ostadal, P., Janotka, M., Vondrakova, D., Kongpolprom, N., Cholkraisuwat, J., Pekkarinen, Pt, Ristagno, G., Masson, S., Latini, R., Bendel, S., Ala-Kokko, T., Varpula, T., Vaahersalo, J., Tiainen, M., Mion, Mm, Plebani, M., Pettilä, V., Skrifvars, Mb, Finnresusci, Study Group, Son, Y., Kim, Ks, Suh, Gj, Kwon, Wy, Ko, Ji, Park, Mj, Cavicchi, Fz, Iesu, E., Tanaka, H., Otani, N., Ode, S., Ishimatsu, S., Romero, I., Martínez, F., Kruger, A., Malek, F., Neuzil, P., Yeh, Yc, Wang, Ch, Huang, Ch, Chao, A., Lee, Ct, Lai, Ch, Chan, Ws, Cheng, Yj, Sun, Wz, Kaese, S., Horstmann, C., Lebiedz, P., Mourad, M., Gaudard, P., Eliet, J., Zeroual, N., Colson, P., Mlcek, M., Hrachovina, M., Mates, M., Hala, P., Kittnar, O., Jacky, A., Rudiger, A., Spahn, Dr, Bettex, Da, Kara, A., Akin, S., Dos Reis Miranda, D., Struijs, A., Caliskan, K., Thiel, Rj, Dubois, Ea, Wilde, W., Zijlstra, F., Gommers, D., Ince, C., Marca, L., Xini, A., Mongkolpun, W., Cordeiro, Cp, Leite, Rt, Lheureux, O., Bader, A., Rincon, L., Santacruz, C., Preiser, Jc, Chao, As, Kim, W., Ahn, C., Cho, Y., Lim, Th, Oh, J., Choi, Ks, Jang, Bh, Ha, Jk, Mecklenburg, A., Stamm, J., Soeffker, G., Kubik, M., Sydow, K., Reichenspurner, H., Kluge, S., Braune, S., Bergantino, B., Ruberto, F., Magnanimi, E., Privato, E., Zullino, V., Bruno, K., Pugliese, F., Sales, G., Girotto, V., Vittone, F., Brazzi, L., Fritz, C., Kimmoun, A., Vanhuyse, F., Trifan, B., Orlowski, S., Albuisson, E., Tran, N., Levy, B., Chhor, V., Joachim, J., Chatelon, J., Fave, G., Mantz, J., Diaz, Dd, Villanova, M., Aguirregabyria, M., Andrade, G., López, L., John, G., Cowan, R., Hart, R., Lake, K., Litchfield, K., Song, Jw, Lee, Yj, Cho, Yj, Choi, S., Vermeir, P., Vandijck, D., Mariman, A., Verhaeghe, R., Deveugele, M., Vogelaers, D., Chok, L., Bachli, Eb, Bettex, D., Cottini, Sr, Keller, E., Maggiorini, M., Schuepbach, R., Stiphout, C., Grevelink, M., Vaneker, I., Ruijter, A., Buise, M., Tena, Sa, Barrachina, Lg, Portillo, Jh, Aznar, Gp, Campos, Lm, Sellés, Md, Tomás, Ma, Muncharaz, Ab, Skinner, L., Monsalvo, S., Olavarria, E., Stümpfle, R., Na, Sj, Park, J., Chung, Cr, Suh, Gy, Yang, Jh, Witter, T., Brousseau, C., Butler, Mb, Erdogan, M., Dougall, Pc, Green, Rs, Abbott, Te, Torrance, Hd, Cron, N., Vaid, N., Emmanuel, J., Siddiqui, Ss, Prabu, N., Chaudhari, Hk, Patil, Vp, Divatia, Jv, Solanki, S., Kulkarni, Ap, Gutierrez, La, Brasseur, A., Hempel, D., Stauffert, N., Recker, F., Schröder, T., Reusch, S., Schleifer, J., Breitkreutz, R., Sjövall, F., Møller, Mh, Moraes, Rb, Borges, Fk, Guillen, Ja, Zabaletta, Wj, Pics- Hcpa, Programa Intrahospitalar Combate À Sepse Do Hospital Clínicas Porto Alegre, Ruiz-Ramos, J., Marqués-Miñana, MR, Sosa, M., Concha, P., Menendez, R., Ramírez, Cs, Santana, Mc, Balcázar, Lc, Escalada, Sh, Viera, Ma, Vázquez, Cf, Díaz, Jj, Campelo, Fa, Monroy, Ns, Santana, Ps, Santana, Sr, Gutiérrez-Pizarraya, A., Garnacho-Montero, J., Martin, C., Mainardi, Jl, Cholley, B., Hubbard, A., Frontera, Pr, Vega, Lm, Miguelena, Pr, Usón, Mc, López, Ar, Clemente, Ea, Ibañes, Pg, Aguilar, Al, Palomar, M., Olaechea, P., Uriona, S., Vallverdu, M., Catalan, M., Aragon, C., Lerma, Fa, Envin-Helics, Study Group, Bassi, Gl, Xiol, Ea, Senussi, T., Idone, Fa, Motos, A., Travierso, C., Fernández-Barat, L., Amaro, R., Hua, Y., Ranzani, Ot, Bobi, Q., Rigol, M., Torres, A., Fernández, If, Soler, Ea, Vera, Ap, Pastor, Ee, Hernandis, V., Ros Martínez, J., Rubio, Rj, Torner, Mm, Brugger, Sc, Eroles, Aa, Moles, Si, Cabello, Jt, Schoenenberger, Ja, Casals, Xn, Vidal, Mv, Garrido, Bb, Martinez, Mp, Mirabella, L., Cotoia, A., Tullo, L., Stella, A., Di Bello, F., Di Gregorio, A., Dambrosio, M., Cinnella, G., Ramirez, Jr, Takahashi, H., Kazutoshi, F., Okada, Y., Oobayashi, W., Naito, T., Baidya, Dk, Maitra, S., Anand, Rk, Ray, Br, Arora, Mk, Ruffini, C., Rota, L., Corona, A., Sesana, G., Ravasi, S., Catena, E., Naumann, Dn, Mellis, C., Husheer, Sl, Bishop, J., Midwinter, Mj, Hutchings, S., Manca, T., Ramelli, A., Nicolini, F., Gherli, T., Vezzani, A., Young, A., Carmona, Af, Santiago, Ai, Guillamon, Ln, Delgado, Mj, Delgado-Amaya, M., Curiel-Balsera, E., Rivera-Romero, L., Carrero-Gómez, F., Aguayo-Dehoyos, E., Ariam, Registry Of Adult Cardiac Surgery, Healey, Aj, Cameron, C., Jiao, Lr, Pérez, A., Martin, S., Del Moral, Ol, Toval, S., Rico, J., Aldecoa, C., Oguzhan, K., Demirkiran, O., Kirman, M., Bozbay, S., Kosuk, Me, Asyralyyeva, G., Dilek, M., Duzgun, M., Telli, S., Aydin, M., Yilmazer, F., Hodgson, Le, Dimitrov, Bd, Stubbs, C., Venn, R., Vedage, D., Shawaf, S., Naran, P., Sirisena, N., Kinnear, J., Londoño, Jg, Cardenas, Cl, Ginés, As, Gubianas, Cm, Sánchez, Ec, Sirvent, Jm, Panafidina, V., Shlyk, I., Ilyina, V., Judickas, S., Kezyte, G., Urbanaviciute, I., Serpytis, M., Gaizauskas, E., Sipylaite, J., Sprung, Cl, Munteanu, G., Morales, Rc, Kasdan, H., Volker, T., Reiter, A., Cohen, Y., Himmel, Y., Meissonnier, J., Banderas-Bravo, Me, Gómez-Jiménez, C., García-Martínez, Mv, Martínez-Carmona, Jf, Fernández-Ortega, Jf, O Dwyer, Mj, Starczewska, M., Wilks, M., Rapid Diagnosis of Infections in the Critically Ill Team, Torsvik, M., Gustad, Lt, Bangstad, Il, Vinje, Lj, Damås, Jk, Solligård, E., Mehl, A., Tsunoda, M., Kang, M., Saito, M., Saito, N., Akizuki, N., Namiki, M., Takeda, M., Yuzawa, J., Yaguchi, A., Tokyo Womens Medical University, Tsirigotis, P., Chondropoulos, S., Theodorakopoulou, M., Stamouli, M., Gkirkas, K., Dimopoulou, Ik, Makiko, S., Akiduki, N., Preau, S., Ambler, M., Sigurta, A., Saeed, S., Jochmans, S., Chelly, J., Vong, Lv, Sy, O., Serbource-Goguel, J., Rolin, N., Weyer, Cm, Abdallah, Ri, Adrie, C., Vinsonneau, C., Monchi, M., Mayr, U., Huber, W., Karsten, E., Lahmer, T., Thies, P., Henschel, B., Fischer, G., Schmid, Rm, Naz, I., Yaman, G., Kou, Ps, Lozano, Ja, Sánchez, Pc, Francioni, Je, Ferrón, Fr, Simón, Jm, Riad, Z., Mezidi, M., Aublanc, M., Perinel, S., Lissonde, F., Louf-Durier, A., Yonis, H., Tapponnier, R., Louis, B., Guérin, C., Plug, Working Group, Marmanidou, K., Oikonomou, M., Loizou, C., Somhorst, P., Hayashi, K., Hirayama, T., Yumoto, T., Tsukahara, K., Iida, A., Nosaka, N., Sato, K., Ugawa, T., Nakao, A., Ujike, Y., Hirohata, S., Mojoli, F., Torriglia, F., Giannantonio, M., Orlando, A., Bianzina, S., Mongodi, S., Pozzi, M., Iotti, Ga, Braschi, A., Jansen, D., Gadgil, S., Doorduin, J., Roesthuis, L., Heunks, Lm, Chen, Gq, Sun, Xm, He, X., Yang, Yl, Shi, Zh, Xu, M., Zhou, Jx, Pereira, Sm, Tucci, MR, Tonelotto, Bf, Simoes, Cm, Morais, Cc, Pompeo, Ms, Kay, Fu, Amato, Mb, Vieira, Je, Suzuki, S., Mihara, Y., Hikasa, Y., Okahara, S., Morimatsu, H., Okayama Research Investigation Organizing Network (ORION)investigators, Kwon, Hm, Moon, Yj, Lee, Sh, Jung, Kw, Shin, Wj, Jun, Ig, Song, Jg, Hwang, Gs, Lee, S., Jung, K., Brianti, R., Fanzaghi, P., Tudor, Ba, Klaus, Da, Lebherz-Eichinger, D., Lechner, C., Schwarz, C., Bodingbauer, M., Seemann, R., Kaczirek, K., Fleischmann, E., Roth, Ga, Krenn, Cg, Malyshev, A., Sergey, S., Yoshitake, E., Kaneko, M., Tencé, N., Zaien, I., Wolf, M., Trouiller, P., Jacobs, Fm, Kelly, Jm, Veigas, P., Hollands, S., Min, A., Rizoli, S., Robles, Cm, Oca Sandoval, Ma, Tarabrin, O., Gavrychenko, D., Mazurenko, G., Tarabrin, P., Mendez, Mc, Orden, Va, Noval, Rl, Mccue, C., Gemmell, L., Luján, J., Villa, P., Llorente, B., Molina, R., Alcázar, L., Juanas, Ca, Rogero, S., Pascual, T., Cambronero, Ja, Almudévar, Pm, Domínguez, Jp, Castañeda, Dp, Lucendo, Ap, Rivas, Rf, Villamizar, Pr, Javadpour, S., Kalani, N., Amininejad, T., Jamali, S., Sobhanian, S., Laurent, A., Bonnet, M., Rigal, R., Aslanian, P., Hebert, P., Capellier, G., Ps-Icu, Group, Contreras, MR, Mejías, Cr, Ruiz, Fc, Lombardo, Md, Perez, Jc, Hoyos, Ea, Estella, A., Viciana, R., Fontaiña, Lp, Rico, T., Madueño, Vp, Recuerda, M., Fernández, L., Bonet, S., Mazo, C., Rubiera, M., Ruiz-Rodríguez, Jc, Gracia, Rm, Espinel, E., Pont, T., Kotsopoulos, A., Jansen, N., Abdo, Wf, Gopcevic, A., Gavranovic, Z., Vucic, M., Glogoski, Mz, Penavic, Lv, Horvat, A., Martin-Villen, L., Egea-Guerero, Jj, Revuelto-Rey, J., Aldabo-Pallas, T., Correa-Chamorro, E., Gallego-Corpa, Ai, Granados, Pr, Faivre, V., Wildenberg, L., Huot, B., Lukaszewicz, Ac, Simsir, M., Mengelle, C., Payen, D., La Fuente, Mv, Almudena, Pm, Muñoz, Jj, Abellan, An, Lucendo, Ma, Perez, Lp, Dominguez, Jp, Wee, S., Ong, C., Lau, Yh, Wong, Y., Olea-Jiménez, V., Mora-Ordóñez, Jm, Muñoz-Muñoz, Jl, Vallejo-Báez, J., Daga-Ruiz, D., Lebrón-Gallardo, M., Rialp, G., Raurich, Jm, Morán, I., Martín, Mc, Heras, G., Mas, A., Vallverdú, I., Hraiech, S., Bourenne, J., Guervilly, C., Forel, Jm, Adda, M., Sylla, P., Mouaci, A., Gainnier, M., Papazian, L., Bauer, Pr, Kumbamu, A., Wilson, Me, Pannu, Jk, Egginton, Js, Kashyap, R., Gajic, O., Yoshihiro, S., Sakuraya, M., Hirata, A., Kawamura, N., Tsutui, T., Yoshida, K., Hashimoto, Y., Japan Septic Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (JSEPTIC DIC) study group, Chang, Ch, Hu, Hc, Chiu, Lc, Hung, Cy, Li, Sh, Kao, Kc, Sibley, S., Drover, J., D Arsigny, C., Parker, C., Howes, D., Moffatt, S., Erb, J., Ilan, R., Messenger, D., Ball, I., Harrison, M., Ridi, S., Andrade, Ah, Costa, Rc, Souza, Va, Gonzalez, V., Amorim, V., Rolla, F., Filho, Ca, Miranda, R., Atchasiri, S., Buranavanich, P., Wathanawatthu, T., Suwanpasu, S., Bureau, C., Rolland-Debord, C., Poitou, T., Clavel, M., Perbet, S., Kouatchet, A., Similowski, T., Demoule, A., Diaz, P., Nunes, J., Escórcio, S., Silva, G., Chaves, S., Jardim, M., Câmara, M., Fernandes, N., Duarte, R., Jardim, Jj, Pereira, Ca, Nóbrega, Jj, Chen, Cm, Lai, Cc, Cheng, Kc, Chou, W., Lee, Sj, Cha, Ys, Lee, Wy, Onodera, M., Nakataki, E., Oto, J., Imanaka, H., Nishimura, M., Khadjibaev, A., Sabirov, D., Rosstalnaya, A., Akalaev, R., Parpibaev, F., Antonucci, E., Rossini, P., Gandolfi, S., Montini, E., Orlando, S., Nes, M., Karachi, F., Hanekom, S., Pereira, Uv, Parkin, Ms, Moore, M., Carvalho, Kv, Min, Hj, Kim, Hj, Choi, Yy, Lee, Ey, Song, I., Kim, Dj, E, Yy, Kim, Jw, Park, Js, Lee, Jh, Suh, Jw, Jo, Yh, Ferrero-Calleja, J., Merino-Vega, D., González-Jiménez, Ai, Sigcha, Ms, Hernández-Tejedor, A., Martin-Vivas, A., Gabán-Díez, Á, Luna, Rr, La Calle-Pedrosa, N., Temprano-Gómez, I., Afonso-Rivero, D., Pellin-Ariño, Ji, Algora-Weber, A., Fumis, Rr, Ferraz, Ab, Junior, Jm, Kirca, H., Cakin, O., Unal, M., Mutlu, H., Ramazanoglu, A., Cengiz, M., Nicolini, Ea, Pelisson, Fg, Nunes, Rs, Da Silva, Sl, Carreira, Mm, Bellissimo-Rodrigues, F., Ferez, Ma, Basile-Filho, A., Chao, Hc, Chen, L., Hravnak, M., Clermont, G., Pinsky, M., Dubrawski, A., Varas, Jl, Montero, Rm, Sánchez-Elvira, La, Díaz, Pv, Delgado, Cp, Ruiz, Bl, Guerrero, Ap, Galache, Ja, Sherif, H., Hassanin, H., El Hossainy, R., Samy, W., Ly, H., David, H., Burtin, P., Charpentier, C., Barral, M., Courant, P., Fournel, E., Gaide-Chevronnay, L., Durand, M., Albaladejo, P., Payen, Jf, Chavanon, O., Ortiz, Ab, Pozzebon, S., Fumagalli, F., Scala, S., Affatato, R., Maglie, M., Zani, D., Novelli, D., Marra, C., Luciani, A., Luini, M., Letizia, T., Pravettoni, D., Staszewsky, L., Belloli, A., Di Giancamillo, M., Scanziani, E., Kye, Yc, Yu, Km, Babini, G., Grassi, L., Reinikainen, M., Skrifvars, M., Kappler, F., Blobner, M., Schaller, Sj, Roasio, A., Costanzo, E., Cardellino, S., Fontana, V., Park, M., You, Km, Ko, Sb, Beane, A., Thilakasiri, Mc, Silva, Ap, Stephens, T., Sigera, Cs, Athapattu, P., Jayasinghe, S., Padeniya, A., Haniffa, R., Sáez, Vc, Ruiz-Ruano, Rdel, González, As, Kunze-Szikszay, N., Wand, S., Klapsing, P., Wetz, A., Heyne, T., Schwerdtfeger, K., Troeltzsch, M., Bauer, M., Quintel, M., Moerer, O., Cook, Dj, Rutherford, Wb, Scales, Dc, Adhikari, Nk, Cuthbertson, Bh, Suzuki, T., Fushimi, K., Iwamoto, M., Nakagawa, S., Mendsaikhan, N., Begzjav, T., Lundeg, G., Dünser, Mw, Romero, Dg, Padilla, Ys, Kleinpell, R., Chouris, I., Radu, V., Stougianni, M., Lavrentieva, A., Lagonidis, D., Price, Rd, Day, A., Arora, N., Henderson, Ma, Hickey, S., Costa, Mi, Carvalho, Jp, Gomes, Aa, Mergulhão, Pj, Chan, Kk, Maghsoudi, B., Tabei, Sh, Sabetian, G., Tabatabaei, Hr, Akbarzadeh, A., Student Research Committee - Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Saigal, S., Pakhare, A., Joshi, R., Pattnaik, Sk, Ray, B., Rousseau, Af, Michel, L., Bawin, M., Cavalier, E., Reginster, Jy, Damas, P., Bruyere, O., Zhou, Jc, Cauwenberghs, H., Backer, A., Neels, H., Deblier, I., Berghmans, J., Himpe, D., Barea-Mendoza, Ja, Portillo, Ip, Fernández, Mv, Gigorro, Rg, Vela, Jl, Mateos, Hm, Alves, Sc, Varas, Gm, Rodriguez-Biendicho, A., Carreño, Er, González, Jc, Yang, Js, Lin, Kl, Choi, Yj, Yoon, Sz, Gordillo-Brenes, A., Fernandez-Zamora, Md, Herruzo-Aviles, A., Garcia-Delgado, M., Hinojosa-Perez, R., ARIAM-ANDALUCIA, Pascual, Oa, Pérez, Ag, Fernández, Pa, Amor, Ll, Albaiceta, Gm, Calvo, Sa, Spazzadeschi, A., Marrazzo, F., Gandola, A., Sciurti, R., Savi, C., Tseng, Cj, Bertini, P., Sanctis, F., Guarracino, F., Baldassarri, R., Buitinck, Sh, Voort, Ph, Tsunano, Y., Izawa, M., Tane, N., Ghosh, S., Gupta, A., Gasperi, A., Mazza, E., Limuti, R., Prosperi, M., Bissenova, N., Yergaliyeva, A., Talan, L., Yılmaz, G., Güven, G., Yoruk, F., Altıntas, Nd, Mukherjee, Dn, Agarwal, Lk, Mandal, K., Balsera, B., Martinez, M., Garcia, M., Castellana, D., Lopez, R., Barcenilla, F., Kaminsky, Ge, Carreño, R., Escribá, A., Fuentes, M., Gálvez, V., Del Olmo, R., Nieto, B., Vaquerizo, C., Alvarez, J., La Torre, Ma, Torres, E., Bogossian, E., Nouer, Sa, Salgado, Dr, Jiménez, Gj, Gaite, Fb, Martínez, Mp, Doganci, M., Izdes, S., Besevli, Sg, Alkan, A., Kayaaslan, B., Penichet, Sm, López, Ma, Repessé, X., Artiguenave, M., Paktoris-Papine, S., Espinasse, F., Dinh, A., El Sayed, F., Charron, C., Géri, G., Vieillard-Baron, A., Dimitroulakis, K., Ferré, A., Guillot, M., Teboul, Jl, Lichtenstein, D., Mézière, G., Richard, C., Monnet, X., Prīdāne, S., Sabeļņikovs, O., Bianchi, I., Kondili, E., Psarologakis, C., Kokkini, S., Amargianitakis, V., Babalis, D., Chytas, A., Chouvarda, I., Vaporidi, K., Georgopoulos, D., Trapp, O., Kalenka, A., Karbing, Ds, Gioia, A., Moro, F., Corte, Fd, Mauri, T., Rees, Se, Plug working group, Petrova, Mv, Mohan, R., Butrov, Av, Beeharry, Sd, Vatsik, Mv, Sakieva, Fi, Gobert, F., Fernandez, R., Labaune, Ma, Burle, Jf, Barbier, J., Vincent, B., Cleyet, M., Shinotsuka, Cr, Törnblom, S., Nisula, S., Vaara, S., Poukkanen, M., Andersson, S., Pesonen, E., Xie, Z., Liao, X., Kang, Y., Zhang, J., Kubota, K., Egi, M., Mizobuchi, S., Hegazy, S., El-Keraie, A., El Sayed, E., El Hamid, Ma, Rodrigues, Nj, Pereira, M., Godinho, I., Gameiro, J., Neves, M., Gouveia, J., E Silva, Zc, Lopes, Ja, Mckinlay, J., Kostalas, M., Kooner, G., Dudas, G., Horton, A., Kerr, C., Karanjia, N., Creagh-Brown, B., Yamazaki, A., Ganuza, Ms, Molina, Ja, Martinez, Fh, Freile, Mt, Fernandez, Ng, Travieso, Pm, Bandert, A., Frithiof, R., Lipcsey, M., Smekal, D., Schlaepfer, P., Durovray, Jd, Plouhinec, V., Chiappa, C., Bellomo, R., Schneider, Ag, Mitchell, S., Durrant, J., Street, H., Dunthorne, E., Shears, J., Caballero, Ch, Hutchison, R., Schwarze, S., Ghabina, S., Thompson, E., Prowle, Jr, Kirwan, Cj, Gonzalez, Ca, Pinto, Jl, Orozco, V., Patiño, Ja, Garcia, Pk, Contreras, Km, Rodriguez, P., and Echeverri, Je
28. Deleterious effect of sustained neuroinflammation in pediatric traumatic brain injury.
- Author
-
Jacquens A, Csaba Z, Soleimanzad H, Bokobza C, Delmotte PR, Userovici C, Boussemart P, Chhor V, Bouvier D, van de Looij Y, Faivre V, Diao S, Lemoine S, Blugeon C, Schwendimann L, Young-Ten P, Naffaa V, Laprevote O, Tanter M, Dournaud P, Van Steenwinckel J, Degos V, and Gressens P
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Male, Astrocytes metabolism, Microglia metabolism, Macrophages metabolism, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Myelin Sheath metabolism, Myelin Sheath pathology, Female, Corpus Callosum metabolism, Corpus Callosum pathology, Corpus Callosum diagnostic imaging, Inflammation metabolism, Diffusion Tensor Imaging methods, Brain Injuries, Traumatic complications, Brain Injuries, Traumatic pathology, Brain Injuries, Traumatic metabolism, Neuroinflammatory Diseases metabolism, Neuroinflammatory Diseases etiology, Disease Models, Animal, Brain metabolism, Brain pathology
- Abstract
Introduction: Despite improved management of traumatic brain injury (TBI), it still leads to lifelong sequelae and disability, particularly in children. Chronic neuroinflammation (the so-called tertiary phase), in particular, microglia/macrophage and astrocyte reactivity, is among the main mechanisms suspected of playing a role in the generation of lesions associated with TBI. The role of acute neuroinflammation is now well understood, but its persistent effect and impact on the brain, particularly during development, are not. Here, we investigated the long-term effects of pediatric TBI on the brain in a mouse model., Methods: Pediatric TBI was induced in mice on postnatal day (P) 7 by weight-drop trauma. The time course of neuroinflammation and myelination was examined in the TBI mice. They were also assessed by magnetic resonance, functional ultrasound, and behavioral tests at P45., Results: TBI induced robust neuroinflammation, characterized by acute microglia/macrophage and astrocyte reactivity. The long-term consequences of pediatric TBI studied on P45 involved localized scarring astrogliosis, persistent microgliosis associated with a specific transcriptomic signature, and a long-lasting myelination defect consisting of the loss of myelinated axons, a decreased level of myelin binding protein, and severe thinning of the corpus callosum. These results were confirmed by reduced fractional anisotropy, measured by diffusion tensor imaging, and altered inter- and intra-hemispheric connectivity, measured by functional ultrasound imaging. In addition, adolescent mice with pediatric TBI showed persistent social interaction deficits and signs of anxiety and depressive behaviors., Conclusions: We show that pediatric TBI induces tertiary neuroinflammatory processes associated with white matter lesions and altered behavior. These results support our model as a model for preclinical studies for tertiary lesions following TBI., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Necrotizing esophagitis and gastritis due to hypervirulent PVL positive ST 121 CA-MRSA.
- Author
-
Richier Q, Pilmis B, Chhor V, Tran M, Bruel C, and Philippart F
- Subjects
- Exotoxins, Humans, Leukocidins genetics, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Community-Acquired Infections, Esophagitis diagnosis, Gastritis diagnosis, Gastritis drug therapy, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcal Infections diagnosis, Staphylococcal Infections drug therapy
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Automated weaning from mechanical ventilation: Results of a Bayesian network meta-analysis.
- Author
-
Neuschwander A, Chhor V, Yavchitz A, Resche-Rigon M, and Pirracchio R
- Subjects
- Adult, Bayes Theorem, Humans, Network Meta-Analysis, Time Factors, Ventilator Weaning, Intensive Care Units, Respiration, Artificial
- Abstract
Purpose: Mechanical ventilation (MV) weaning is a crucial step. Automated weaning modes reduce MV duration but the question of the best automated mode remains unanswered. Our objective was to compare the major automated modes for MV weaning in critically ill and post-operative adult patients., Material and Methods: We conducted a network Bayesian meta-analysis to compare different automated modes. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane central registry for randomized control trials comparing automated weaning modes either to another automated mode or to standard-of-care. The primary outcome was the duration of MV weaning extracted from the original trials., Results: 663 articles were screened and 26 trials (2097patients) were included in the final analysis. All automated modes included in the study (ASV°, Intellivent ASV, Smartcare, Automode°, PAV° and MRV°) outperformed standard-of-care but no automated mode reduced the duration of mechanical ventilation weaning as compared to others in the network meta-analysis., Conclusion: Compared to standard weaning practice, all automated modes significantly reduced the duration of MV weaning in critically ill and post-operative adult patients. When cross-compared using a network meta-analysis, no specific mode was different in reducing the duration of MV weaning. The study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42015024742)., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Brainstem dysfunction in critically ill patients.
- Author
-
Benghanem S, Mazeraud A, Azabou E, Chhor V, Shinotsuka CR, Claassen J, Rohaut B, and Sharshar T
- Subjects
- Autonomic Nervous System Diseases etiology, Autonomic Nervous System Diseases physiopathology, Brain physiopathology, Brain Stem anatomy & histology, Brain Stem physiopathology, Critical Illness epidemiology, Critical Illness therapy, Glasgow Coma Scale, Humans, Prognosis, Respiratory Insufficiency etiology, Respiratory Insufficiency physiopathology, Brain Stem injuries
- Abstract
The brainstem conveys sensory and motor inputs between the spinal cord and the brain, and contains nuclei of the cranial nerves. It controls the sleep-wake cycle and vital functions via the ascending reticular activating system and the autonomic nuclei, respectively. Brainstem dysfunction may lead to sensory and motor deficits, cranial nerve palsies, impairment of consciousness, dysautonomia, and respiratory failure. The brainstem is prone to various primary and secondary insults, resulting in acute or chronic dysfunction. Of particular importance for characterizing brainstem dysfunction and identifying the underlying etiology are a detailed clinical examination, MRI, neurophysiologic tests such as brainstem auditory evoked potentials, and an analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid. Detection of brainstem dysfunction is challenging but of utmost importance in comatose and deeply sedated patients both to guide therapy and to support outcome prediction. In the present review, we summarize the neuroanatomy, clinical syndromes, and diagnostic techniques of critical illness-associated brainstem dysfunction for the critical care setting.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Improved Survival After Implementation of a Large-Scale Regional Dedicated Aortic Network.
- Author
-
Duceau B, Alsac JM, Bellenfant F, Mailloux A, Chhor V, Lagrange A, El Batti S, Cholley B, Achouh P, and Pirracchio R
- Subjects
- Aortic Dissection mortality, Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic mortality, Global Health, Hospital Mortality trends, Humans, Survival Rate trends, Aortic Dissection surgery, Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic surgery, Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation methods
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Role of microglia in a mouse model of paediatric traumatic brain injury.
- Author
-
Chhor V, Moretti R, Le Charpentier T, Sigaut S, Lebon S, Schwendimann L, Oré MV, Zuiani C, Milan V, Josserand J, Vontell R, Pansiot J, Degos V, Ikonomidou C, Titomanlio L, Hagberg H, Gressens P, and Fleiss B
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain metabolism, Brain Injuries immunology, Brain Injuries metabolism, Brain Injuries, Traumatic immunology, Chemokines immunology, Chemokines metabolism, Cytokines immunology, Cytokines metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Macrophage Activation drug effects, Macrophage Activation immunology, Macrophages metabolism, Mice, Minocycline pharmacology, Brain Injuries, Traumatic metabolism, Macrophage Activation physiology, Microglia metabolism
- Abstract
The cognitive and behavioural deficits caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) to the immature brain are more severe and persistent than TBI in the mature brain. Understanding this developmental sensitivity is critical as children under four years of age sustain TBI more frequently than any other age group. Microglia (MG), resident immune cells of the brain that mediate neuroinflammation, are activated following TBI in the immature brain. However, the type and temporal profile of this activation and the consequences of altering it are still largely unknown. In a mouse model of closed head weight drop paediatric brain trauma, we characterized i) the temporal course of total cortical neuroinflammation and the phenotype of ex vivo isolated CD11B-positive microglia/macrophage (MG/MΦ) using a battery of 32 markers, and ii) neuropathological outcome 1 and 5days post-injury. We also assessed the effects of targeting MG/MΦ activation directly, using minocycline a prototypical microglial activation antagonist, on these processes and outcome. TBI induced a moderate increase in both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Isolated cortical MG/MΦ expressed increased levels of markers of endogenous reparatory/regenerative and immunomodulatory phenotypes compared with shams. Blocking MG/MΦ activation with minocycline at the time of injury and 1 and 2days post-injury had only transient protective effects, reducing ventricular dilatation and cell death 1day post-injury but having no effect on injury severity at 5days. This study demonstrates that, unlike in adults, the role of MG/MΦ in injury mechanisms following TBI in the immature brain may not be negative. An improved understanding of MG/MΦ function in paediatric TBI could support translational efforts to design therapeutic interventions., (Copyright © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Persistently Altered Metabolic Phenotype following Perinatal Excitotoxic Brain Injury.
- Author
-
Blaise BJ, Schwendimann L, Chhor V, Degos V, Hodson MP, Dallmann G, Keller M, Gressens P, and Fleiss B
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists toxicity, Female, Ibotenic Acid toxicity, Male, Mice, Phenotype, Brain Diseases metabolism
- Abstract
Excitotoxicity plays a key role during insults to the developing brain such as neonatal encephalopathy, stroke, and encephalopathy of prematurity. Such insults affect many thousands of infants each year. Excitotoxicity causes frank lesions due to cell death and gliosis and disturbs normal developmental process, leading to deficits in learning, memory, and social integration that persist into adulthood. Understanding the underlying processes of the acute effects of excitotoxicity and its persistence during brain maturation provides an opportunity to identify mechanistic or diagnostic biomarkers, thus enabling and designing possible therapies. We applied mass spectrometry to provide metabolic profiles of brain tissue and plasma over time following an excitotoxic lesion (intracerebral ibotenate) to the neonatal (postnatal day 5) mouse brain. We found no differences between the plasma from the control (PBS-injected) and excitotoxic (ibotenate-injected) groups over time (on postnatal days 8, 9, 10, and 30). In the brain, we found that variations in amino acids (arginine, glutamine, phenylananine, and proline) and glycerophospholipids were sustaining acute and delayed (tertiary) responses to injury. In particular, the effect of the excitotoxic lesion on the normal profile of development was linked to alterations in a fingerprint of glycerophospolipids and amino acids. Specifically, we identified increases in the amino acids glutamine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, and the sphingolipid SM C26:1, and decreases in the glycerophospholipids, i.e., the arachidonic acid-containing phosphatidylcholine (PC aa) C30:2 and the PC aa C32:3. This study demonstrates that metabolic profiling is a useful approach to identify acute and tertiary effects in an excitotoxic lesion model, and generating a short list of targets with future potential in the hunt for identification, stratification, and possibly therapy., (© 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Pro-epileptogenic effects of viral-like inflammation in both mature and immature brains.
- Author
-
Dupuis N, Mazarati A, Desnous B, Chhor V, Fleiss B, Le Charpentier T, Lebon S, Csaba Z, Gressens P, Dournaud P, and Auvin S
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Anticonvulsants therapeutic use, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Cells, Cultured, Cytokines genetics, Cytokines metabolism, Encephalitis chemically induced, Encephalitis virology, Epilepsy drug therapy, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Hippocampus drug effects, Kindling, Neurologic drug effects, Kindling, Neurologic physiology, Macrophages drug effects, Macrophages metabolism, Male, Microglia drug effects, Minocycline therapeutic use, Poly I-C pharmacology, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Statistics, Nonparametric, Brain growth & development, Brain pathology, Brain virology, Encephalitis etiology, Encephalitis, Viral complications, Epilepsy etiology
- Abstract
Background: Infectious encephalitides are most often associated with acute seizures during the infection period and are risk factors for the development of epilepsy at later times. Mechanisms of viral encephalitis-induced epileptogenesis are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the contribution of viral encephalitis-associated inflammation to ictogenesis and epileptogenesis using a rapid kindling protocol in rats. In addition, we examined whether minocycline can improve outcomes of viral-like brain inflammation., Methods: To produce viral-like inflammation, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PIC), a toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist, was applied to microglial/macrophage cell cultures and to the hippocampus of postnatal day 13 (P13) and postnatal day 74 (P74) rats. Cell cultures permit the examination of the inflammation induced by PIC, while the in vivo setting better suits the analysis of cytokine production and the effects of inflammation on epileptogenesis. Minocycline (50 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally for 3 consecutive days prior to the kindling procedure to evaluate its effects on inflammation and epileptogenesis., Results: PIC injection facilitated kindling epileptogenesis, which was evident as an increase in the number of full limbic seizures at both ages. Furthermore, in P14 rats, we observed a faster seizure onset and prolonged retention of the kindling state. PIC administration also led to an increase in interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels in the hippocampus in P14 and P75 rats. Treatment with minocycline reversed neither the pro-epileptogenic effects of PIC nor the increase of IL-1β in the hippocampus in both P14 and P75 rats., Conclusions: Hippocampal injection of PIC facilitates rapid kindling epileptogenesis at both P14 and P75, suggesting that viral-induced inflammation increases epileptogenesis irrespective of brain maturation. Minocycline, however, was unable to reverse the increase of epileptogenesis, which might be linked to its absence of effect on hippocampal IL-1β levels at both ages.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Prognosis of Prolonged Intensive Care Unit Stay After Aortic Valve Replacement for Severe Aortic Stenosis in Octogenarians.
- Author
-
Augustin P, Tanaka S, Chhor V, Provenchère S, Arnaudovski D, Ibrahim H, Dilly MP, Allou N, Montravers P, and Philip I
- Subjects
- Aged, 80 and over, Aortic Valve surgery, Female, France epidemiology, Heart Valve Prosthesis, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Aortic Valve Stenosis surgery, Critical Care statistics & numerical data, Geriatric Assessment statistics & numerical data, Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation, Length of Stay statistics & numerical data, Postoperative Complications epidemiology
- Abstract
Objectives: Octogenarians considered for cardiac surgery encounter more complications than other patients. Postoperative complications raise the question of continuation of high-cost care for patients with limited life expectancy. Duration of hospitalization in intensive care after cardiac surgery may differ between octogenarians and other patients. The objectives were evaluating the mortality rate of octogenarians experiencing prolonged hospitalization in intensive care and defining the best cut-off for prolonged intensive care unit length of stay., Design: A single-center observational study., Setting: A postoperative surgical intensive care unit in a tertiary teaching hospital in Paris, France., Participants: All consecutive patients older than 80 years considered for aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis were included., Measurements and Main Results: Mortality rate was determined among patients experiencing prolonged stay in intensive care with organ failure and without organ failure. An ROC curve determined the optimal cut-off defining prolonged hospitalization in intensive care according to the occurrence of postoperative complications. Multivariate analysis determined risk factors for early death or prolonged intensive care stay. The optimal cut-off defining prolonged intensive care unit length of stay was 4 days. Low ventricular ejection fraction (odds ratio [OR] = 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96-0.83; p = 0.0016), coronary disease (OR = 2.34; 95% CI 1.19-4.85; p = 0.014), and need for catecholamine (OR = 2.79; 95% CI 1.33-5.88; p = 0.0068) were associated with eventful postoperative course. There was not a hospitalization duration beyond which the prognosis significantly worsened., Conclusions: Prolonged length of stay in ICU without organ failure is not associated with increased mortality. No specific duration of hospitalization in intensive care was associated with increased mortality. Continuation of care should be discussed on an individual basis., (Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Feasibility and Predictive Value of Ultrasound Assessment of the Gastric Residual Volume in Surgical Critically Ill Patients: A Pilot Study.
- Author
-
Chatelon J, Bourillon C, Darmon H, Carbonne H, Chhor V, Follin A, Cholley B, Guinvarc'h A, Mantz J, and Pirracchio R
- Subjects
- Enteral Nutrition, Humans, Pilot Projects, Stomach, Critical Illness, Residual Volume
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Contribution of mast cells to injury mechanisms in a mouse model of pediatric traumatic brain injury.
- Author
-
Moretti R, Chhor V, Bettati D, Banino E, De Lucia S, Le Charpentier T, Lebon S, Schwendimann L, Pansiot J, Rasika S, Degos V, Titomanlio L, Gressens P, and Fleiss B
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain Contusion pathology, Caspase 3 biosynthesis, Caspase 3 genetics, Cell Death drug effects, Cells, Cultured, Child, Preschool, Cromolyn Sodium pharmacology, Disease Models, Animal, Histamine pharmacology, Humans, Infant, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Microglia drug effects, Microglia metabolism, Neural Stem Cells, Neurons drug effects, Neurons metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit genetics, Receptors, Histamine metabolism, Brain Injuries, Traumatic pathology, Mast Cells pathology
- Abstract
The cognitive and behavioral deficits caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) to the immature brain are more severe and persistent than injuries to the adult brain. Understanding this developmental sensitivity is critical because children under 4 years of age of sustain TBI more frequently than any other age group. One of the first events after TBI is the infiltration and degranulation of mast cells (MCs) in the brain, releasing a range of immunomodulatory substances; inhibition of these cells is neuroprotective in other types of neonatal brain injury. This study investigates for the first time the role of MCs in mediating injury in a P7 mouse model of pediatric contusion-induced TBI. We show that various neural cell types express histamine receptors and that histamine exacerbates excitotoxic cell death in primary cultured neurons. Cromoglycate, an inhibitor of MC degranulation, altered the inflammatory phenotype of microglia activated by TBI, reversing several changes but accentuating others, when administered before TBI. However, without regard to the time of cromoglycate administration, inhibiting MC degranulation did not affect cell loss, as evaluated by ventricular dilatation or cleaved caspase-3 labeling, or the density of activated microglia, neurons, or myelin. In double-heterozygous cKit mutant mice lacking MCs, this overall lack of effect was confirmed. These results suggest that the role of MCs in this model of pediatric TBI is restricted to subtle effects and that they are unlikely to be viable neurotherapeutic targets. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., (© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Tree-based algorithm for prehospital triage of polytrauma patients.
- Author
-
Follin A, Jacqmin S, Chhor V, Bellenfant F, Robin S, Guinvarc'h A, Thomas F, Loeb T, Mantz J, and Pirracchio R
- Subjects
- Adult, Decision Trees, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Trauma therapy, Paris epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Trauma Severity Indices, Algorithms, Emergency Medical Services standards, Multiple Trauma diagnosis, Trauma Centers, Triage methods
- Abstract
Background: There is a need for better allocation of medical resources in polytrauma, by optimizing both the over and undertriage rates. The goal of this study is to provide a new working definition for polytrauma based on the prediction of the need for specialized trauma care., Methods: This is a prospective, observational study, performed in a specialized trauma center in Paris. All consecutive patients admitted for a trauma at a major trauma center in Paris were included in the study. The primary outcome was the need for specialized trauma care as defined by the North American consensus. The explanatory variables included basic variables collected on scene. The modeling approach relied on recursive partitioning based decision trees. Its prediction performance was evaluated both internally and externally on a validation cohort, and compared to the MGAP (Mechanism, Glasgow coma scale, Age and Arterial pressure) score., Measurements and Main Results: 1160 patients were included in the analysis over a 3-year period (2012-2014), out of which 41% needed specialized trauma care as defined by the recent US guidelines. The decision tree outperformed the MGAP and reached an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.82 [0.79-0.84]. This optimal decision rule was associated with a sensitivity of 0.94 [0.92-0.96], a specificity of 0.48 [0.44-0.52]. A conservative decision rule (refer to a trauma center all patient with a predicted probability ≥0.34) would result in an undertriage rate of 5.7% and an overtriage of 52.3% (respectively 7% and 64% in the validation cohort)., Conclusions: Our tree-based decision algorithm is a user-friendly and reliable alternative to the preexisting scores, which offers good performance to predict the need for specialized trauma care., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The medical response to multisite terrorist attacks in Paris.
- Author
-
Hirsch M, Carli P, Nizard R, Riou B, Baroudjian B, Baubet T, Chhor V, Chollet-Xemard C, Dantchev N, Fleury N, Fontaine JP, Yordanov Y, Raphael M, Burtz CP, and Lafont A
- Subjects
- Humans, Paris, Attitude of Health Personnel, Emergency Medical Services organization & administration, Emergency Treatment, Terrorism
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Altered cytokine profiles in children with indeterminate quantiferon results and common infections.
- Author
-
Jeljeli M, Guérin-El Khourouj V, de Lauzanne A, Armand M, Chhor V, Pédron B, Dauger S, Viala J, Gressens P, Faye A, and Sterkers G
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Sensitivity and Specificity, Cytokines blood, Interferon-gamma Release Tests, Meningoencephalitis diagnosis, Meningoencephalitis immunology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunology, Pneumonia diagnosis, Pneumonia immunology
- Abstract
Objectives: An increased rate of indeterminate quantiferon results (low IFN-γ release in the phytohemagglutinin-stimulated tube) has been reported in children with clinical signs compatible with tuberculosis but with the final diagnosis of infectious diseases different from tuberculosis. Here, we addressed the mechanisms involved and assessed potential alternative biomarkers to overcome indeterminate quantiferon results under these conditions., Methods: Cytokine concentrations were measured in residual plasma from quantiferon assays performed in immunocompetent children (cases, median age: 3 years 9 months) with indeterminate results and community acquired pneumonia (n = 7) or meningoencephalitis (n = 1). Controls were age-matched immunocompetent children with determinate quantiferon results (infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis, n = 7 or not, n = 8)., Results: Lower IFN-γ expression in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated cultures from cases was accompanied by lower Th1 (IL-2, TNF-α, IP-10) and Th2 (IL-5, IL-13), but similar IL-10 secretion capacities as the controls., Conclusions: A state of hyporesponsiveness that resembles the concept of immunoparalysis in severe infection was observed in children with milder infections. Though IP-10, IL-2, IL-5 and IL-13 were confirmed as promising alternative biomarkers for discriminating controls with and without tuberculosis in this study, defective induction of these biomarkers by phytohemagglutinin in cases precluded their usefulness in overcoming quantiferon indeterminate results in the above-mentioned clinical conditions., (Copyright © 2015 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Small Molecule Pifithrin-µ on BV2 Microglia.
- Author
-
Fleiss B, Chhor V, Rajudin N, Lebon S, Hagberg H, Gressens P, and Thornton C
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Line, Inflammation immunology, Mice, Microglia immunology, Mitochondria drug effects, Mitochondria immunology, Toluene pharmacology, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 antagonists & inhibitors, Benzothiazoles pharmacology, Gene Expression drug effects, Inflammation drug therapy, Microglia drug effects, Neuroprotective Agents pharmacology, Toluene analogs & derivatives, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 metabolism
- Abstract
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a leading cause of childhood death and disability in term infants. Treatment options for perinatal brain injury are limited and developing therapies that target multiple pathways within the pathophysiology of NE are of great interest. Pifithrin-µ (PFT-µ) is a drug with striking neuroprotective abilities in a preclinical model of hypoxia-ischemia (HI)-induced NE wherein cell death is a substantial cause of injury. Work from neurons and tumor cells reports that PFT-µ is able to inhibit p53 binding to the mitochondria, heat shock protein (HSP)-70 substrate binding and activation of the NF-kB pathway. The purpose of this study is to understand whether the neuroprotective effects of PFT-µ also include direct effects on microglia. We utilized the microglial cell line, BV2, and we studied the dose-dependent effect of PFT-µ on M1-like and M2-like phenotype using qRT-PCR and Western blotting, including the requirement for the presence of p53 or HSP-70 in these effects. We also assessed phagocytosis and the effects of PFT-µ on genes within metabolic pathways related to phenotype. We noted that PFT-µ robustly reduced the M1-like (lipopolysaccharide, LPS-induced) BV2 response, spared the LPS-induced phagocytic ability of BV2 and had no effect on the genes related to metabolism and that effects on phenotype were partially dependent on the presence of HSP-70 but not p53. This study demonstrates that the neuroprotective effects of PFT-µ in HI-induced NE may include an anti-inflammatory effect on microglia and adds to the evidence that this drug might be of clinical interest for the treatment of NE., (© 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. HIP/PAP prevents excitotoxic neuronal death and promotes plasticity.
- Author
-
Haldipur P, Dupuis N, Degos V, Moniaux N, Chhor V, Rasika S, Schwendimann L, le Charpentier T, Rougier E, Amouyal P, Amouyal G, Dournaud P, Bréchot C, El Ghouzzi V, Faivre J, Fleiss B, Mani S, and Gressens P
- Abstract
Objectives: Excitotoxicity plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of perinatal brain injuries. Among the consequences of excessive activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate are oxidative stress caused by free radical release from damaged mitochondria, neuronal death and subsequent loss of connectivity. Drugs that could protect nervous tissue and support regeneration are attractive therapeutic options. The hepatocarcinoma intestine pancreas protein/pancreatitis-associated protein I (HIP/PAP) or Reg3α, which is approved for clinical testing for the protection and regeneration of the liver, is upregulated in the central nervous system following injury or disease. Here, we examined the neuroprotective/neuroregenerative potential of HIP/PAP following excitotoxic brain injury., Methods: We studied the expression of HIP/PAP and two of its putative effectors, cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 19 (ARPP19) and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), in the neonatal brain, and the protective/regenerative properties of HIP/PAP in three paradigms of perinatal excitotoxicity: intracerebral injection of the NMDA agonist ibotenate in newborn pups, a pediatric model of traumatic brain injury, and cultured primary cortical neurons., Results: HIP/PAP, ARPP19, and GAP-43 were expressed in the neonatal mouse brain. HIP/PAP prevented the formation of cortical and white matter lesions and reduced neuronal death and glial activation following excitotoxic insults in vivo. In vitro, HIP/PAP promoted neuronal survival, preserved neurite complexity and fasciculation, and protected cell contents from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage., Interpretation: HIP/PAP has strong neuroprotective/neuroregenerative potential following excitotoxic injury to the developing brain, and could represent an interesting therapeutic strategy in perinatal brain injury.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Brain damage of the preterm infant: new insights into the role of inflammation.
- Author
-
Van Steenwinckel J, Schang AL, Sigaut S, Chhor V, Degos V, Hagberg H, Baud O, Fleiss B, and Gressens P
- Subjects
- Cerebral Palsy epidemiology, Cerebral Palsy immunology, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Inflammation epidemiology, Inflammation immunology, Pregnancy, Brain pathology
- Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown a strong association between perinatal infection/inflammation and brain damage in preterm infants and/or neurological handicap in survivors. Experimental studies have shown a causal effect of infection/inflammation on perinatal brain damage. Infection including inflammatory factors can disrupt programmes of brain development and, in particular, induce death and/or blockade of oligodendrocyte maturation, leading to myelin defects. Alternatively, in the so-called multiple-hit hypothesis, infection/inflammation can act as predisposing factors, making the brain more susceptible to a second stress (sensitization process), such as hypoxic-ischaemic or excitotoxic insults. Epidemiological data also suggest that perinatal exposure to inflammatory factors could predispose to long-term diseases including psychiatric disorders.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. [Perioperative acute kidney injury and failure].
- Author
-
Chhor V and Journois D
- Subjects
- Acute Kidney Injury blood, Acute Kidney Injury classification, Acute Kidney Injury therapy, Anesthesia adverse effects, Biomarkers, Education, Medical, Continuing, Humans, Nephrology, Renal Replacement Therapy methods, Risk Factors, Surgical Procedures, Operative adverse effects, Acute Kidney Injury diagnosis, Acute Kidney Injury etiology, Creatinine blood, Hemodynamics, Intraoperative Complications prevention & control, Perioperative Period
- Abstract
Perioperative period is very likely to lead to acute renal failure because of anesthesia (general or perimedullary) and/or surgery which can cause acute kidney injury. Characterization of acute renal failure is based on serum creatinine level which is imprecise during and following surgery. Studies are based on various definitions of acute renal failure with different thresholds which skewed their comparisons. The RIFLE classification (risk, injury, failure, loss, end stage kidney disease) allows clinicians to distinguish in a similar manner between different stages of acute kidney injury rather than using a unique definition of acute renal failure. Acute renal failure during the perioperative period can mainly be explained by iatrogenic, hemodynamic or surgical causes and can result in an increased morbi-mortality. Prevention of this complication requires hemodynamic optimization (venous return, cardiac output, vascular resistance), discontinuation of nephrotoxic drugs but also knowledge of the different steps of the surgery to avoid further degradation of renal perfusion. Diuretics do not prevent acute renal failure and may even push it forward especially during the perioperative period when venous retourn is already reduced. Edema or weight gain following surgery are not correlated with the vascular compartment volume, much less with renal perfusion. Treatment of perioperative acute renal failure is similar to other acute renal failure. Renal replacement therapy must be mastered to prevent any additional risk of hemodynamic instability or hydro-electrolytic imbalance., (Copyright © 2014 Association Société de néphrologie. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Cytokine responses to quantiferon peptides in pediatric tuberculosis: a pilot study.
- Author
-
Armand M, Chhor V, de Lauzanne A, Guérin-El Khourouj V, Pédron B, Jeljeli M, Gressens P, Faye A, and Sterkers G
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Immunologic Tests methods, Infant, Male, Pilot Projects, ROC Curve, Antigens, Bacterial immunology, Cytokines immunology, Tuberculosis immunology
- Abstract
Objectives: Detailed understanding of tuberculosis (TB) immunopathology and cytokine/chemokine responses can ultimately lead to the development of new diagnostic tools, especially useful in children where TB diagnosis remains challenging., Methods: Nineteen cytokine/chemokine responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) antigens were analyzed in 47 children distributed as follow: 28 with TB-disease (TD), 12 with latent TB and 7 uninfected controls. All the cytokines and chemokines were quantified in a multiplexed microsphere-based assay by using residual plasma from the quantiFERON kit (IFNγ release assay)., Results: IP-10, IL-2, IL-5 and IL-13 were among the best cytokines to diagnose infection as related by the area under ROC curve for IP-10 (0.96, 95%CI: 0.91-1.00), IL-2 (0.98, 95%CI: 0.93-1.02), IL-5 (0.91, 95%CI: 0.81-1.01) and IL-13 (0.97, 95%CI: 0.93-1.00). None of the 5 biomarkers, however, discriminated TB-disease from latent-TB. Finally, lower IL-5 (p = 0.02) and IL-13 (p = 0.02) levels were observed in severe opposed to non-severe TB., Conclusion: These results suggest that IP-10, IL-2, IL-5 and IL-13 may find a diagnostic application in pediatric tuberculosis and argue against the paradigm of a negative influence of Th2 responses in severe pediatric M.tb infection., (Copyright © 2013 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Characterization of phenotype markers and neuronotoxic potential of polarised primary microglia in vitro.
- Author
-
Chhor V, Le Charpentier T, Lebon S, Oré MV, Celador IL, Josserand J, Degos V, Jacotot E, Hagberg H, Sävman K, Mallard C, Gressens P, and Fleiss B
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Polarity, Cell Survival physiology, Cerebral Cortex cytology, Chemokines metabolism, Cytokines metabolism, Female, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Gene Expression, Immunohistochemistry, Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology, Male, Mice, Neurons physiology, Phenotype, Primary Cell Culture, RNA biosynthesis, RNA genetics, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Toll-Like Receptor 4 metabolism, Microglia pathology
- Abstract
Microglia mediate multiple facets of neuroinflammation, including cytotoxicity, repair, regeneration, and immunosuppression due to their ability to acquire diverse activation states, or phenotypes. Modulation of microglial phenotype is an appealing neurotherapeutic strategy but a comprehensive study of classical and more novel microglial phenotypic markers in vitro is lacking. The aim of this study was to outline the temporal expression of a battery of phenotype markers from polarised microglia to generate an in vitro tool for screening the immunomodulatory potential of novel compounds. We characterised expression of thirty-one macrophage/microglial phenotype markers in primary microglia over time (4, 12, 36, and 72 h), using RT-qPCR or multiplex protein assay. Firstly, we selected Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as the strongest M1-M2 polarising stimuli, from six stimuli tested. At each time point, markers useful to identify that microglia were M1 included iNOS, Cox-2 and IL-6 and a loss of M2a markers. Markers useful for quantifying M2b-immunomodulatory microglia included, increased IL-1RA and SOCS3 and for M2a-repair and regeneration, included increased arginase-1, and a loss of the M1 and M2b markers were discriminatory. Additional markers were regulated at fewer time points, but are still likely important to monitor when assessing the immunomodulatory potential of novel therapies. Further, to facilitate identification of how novel immunomodulatory treatments alter the functional affects of microglia, we characterised how the soluble products from polarised microglia affected the type and rate of neuronal death; M1/2b induced increasing and M2a-induced decreasing neuronal loss. We also assessed any effects of prior activation state, to provide a way to identify how a novel compound may alter phenotype depending on the stage of injury/insult progression. We identified generally that a prior M1/2b reduced the ability of microglia to switch to M2a. Altogether, we have characterised a profile of phenotype markers and a mechanism of assessing functional outcome that we can use as a reference guide for first-line screening of novel immunomodulatory therapies in vitro in the search for viable neuroprotectants., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine against glutamate agonist-induced neuronal cell death are related to increased astrocyte brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression.
- Author
-
Degos V, Charpentier TL, Chhor V, Brissaud O, Lebon S, Schwendimann L, Bednareck N, Passemard S, Mantz J, and Gressens P
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor genetics, Cells, Cultured, Female, Gene Expression drug effects, Ibotenic Acid toxicity, MAP Kinase Signaling System drug effects, Male, Mice, Phosphorylation, RNA biosynthesis, RNA isolation & purification, Transcription, Genetic drug effects, Astrocytes metabolism, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor biosynthesis, Cell Death drug effects, Dexmedetomidine pharmacology, Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists toxicity, Hypnotics and Sedatives pharmacology, Neurons drug effects, Neuroprotective Agents
- Abstract
Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a prominent role in neuroprotection against perinatal brain injury. Dexmedetomidine, a selective agonist of α2-adrenergic receptors, also provides neuroprotection against glutamate-induced damage. Because adrenergic receptor agonists can modulate BDNF expression, our goal was to examine whether dexmedetomidine's neuroprotective effects are mediated by BDNF modulation in mouse perinatal brain injury., Methods: The protective effects against glutamate-induced injury of BDNF and dexmedetomidine alone or in combination with either a neutralizing BDNF antibody or an inhibitor of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway (PD098059) were compared in perinatal ibotenate-induced cortical lesions (n = 10-20 pups/groups) and in mouse neuronal cultures (300 μM of ibotenate for 6 h). The effect of dexmedetomidine on BDNF expression was examined in vivo and in vitro with cortical neuronal and astrocyte isolated cultures., Results: Both BDNF and dexmedetomidine produced a significant neuroprotective effect in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine enhanced Bdnf4 and Bdnf5 transcription and BDNF protein cortical expression in vivo. Dexmedetomidine also enhanced Bdnf4 and Bdnf5 transcription and increased BDNF media concentration in isolated astrocyte cultures but not in neuronal cultures. Dexmedetomidine's protective effect was inhibited with BDNF antibody (mean lesion size ± SD: 577 ± 148 μm vs. 1028 ± 213 μm, n = 14-20, P < 0.001) and PD098059 in vivo but not in isolated neuron cultures. Finally, PD098059 inhibited the increased release of BDNF induced by dexmedetomidine in astrocyte cultures., Conclusion: These results suggest that dexmedetomidine increased astrocyte expression of BDNF through an extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent pathway, inducing subsequent neuroprotective effects.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Activation of microglial N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors triggers inflammation and neuronal cell death in the developing and mature brain.
- Author
-
Kaindl AM, Degos V, Peineau S, Gouadon E, Chhor V, Loron G, Le Charpentier T, Josserand J, Ali C, Vivien D, Collingridge GL, Lombet A, Issa L, Rene F, Loeffler JP, Kavelaars A, Verney C, Mantz J, and Gressens P
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain Injuries pathology, Calcium metabolism, Cell Death physiology, Cell Survival physiology, Cells, Cultured, Culture Media, Conditioned, Humans, Ibotenic Acid toxicity, Immunohistochemistry, Inflammation pathology, Male, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Microglia drug effects, Microscopy, Confocal, Neocortex pathology, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Reactive Oxygen Species, Stroke pathology, Brain growth & development, Brain pathology, Cell Death drug effects, Inflammation chemically induced, Neurons physiology, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate agonists
- Abstract
Objective: Activated microglia play a central role in the inflammatory and excitotoxic component of various acute and chronic neurological disorders. However, the mechanisms leading to their activation in the latter context are poorly understood, particularly the involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), which are critical for excitotoxicity in neurons. We hypothesized that microglia express functional NMDARs and that their activation would trigger neuronal cell death in the brain by modulating inflammation., Methods and Results: We demonstrate that microglia express NMDARs in the murine and human central nervous system and that these receptors are functional in vitro. We show that NMDAR stimulation triggers microglia activation in vitro and secretion of factors that induce cell death of cortical neurons. These damaged neurons are further shown to activate microglial NMDARs and trigger a release of neurotoxic factors from microglia in vitro, indicating that microglia can signal back to neurons and possibly induce, aggravate, and/or maintain neurologic disease. Neuronal cell death was significantly reduced through pharmacological inhibition or genetically induced loss of function of the microglial NMDARs. We generated Nr1 LoxP(+/+) LysM Cre(+/-) mice lacking the NMDAR subunit NR1 in cells of the myeloid lineage. In this model, we further demonstrate that a loss of function of the essential NMDAR subunit NR1 protects from excitotoxic neuronal cell death in vivo and from traumatic brain injury., Interpretation: Our findings link inflammation and excitotoxicity in a potential vicious circle and indicate that an activation of the microglial NMDARs plays a pivotal role in neuronal cell death in the perinatal and adult brain., (Copyright © 2012 American Neurological Association.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Admission risk factors for cerebral vasospasm in ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations: an observational study.
- Author
-
Chhor V, Le Manach Y, Clarençon F, Nouet A, Daban JL, Abdennour L, Puybasset L, and Lescot T
- Subjects
- Adult, Brain, Confidence Intervals, Female, France epidemiology, Glasgow Coma Scale, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Risk Factors, Ultrasonography, Vasospasm, Intracranial diagnostic imaging, Vasospasm, Intracranial epidemiology, Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations complications, Patient Admission, Rupture physiopathology, Vasospasm, Intracranial etiology
- Abstract
Introduction: Cerebral vasospasm is a well-documented complication of aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage but has not been extensively studied in brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs). Here, our purpose was to identify risk factors for cerebral vasospasm after BAVM rupture in patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission., Methods: Patients admitted to our ICU from January 2003 to May 2010 for BAVM rupture were included in this observational study. Clinical, laboratory and radiological features from admission to ICU discharge were recorded. The primary endpoint was cerebral vasospasm by transcranial Doppler (TCD-VS) or cerebral infarction (CI) associated with vasospasm. Secondary endpoints included the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at ICU discharge., Results: Of 2,734 patients admitted to our ICU during the study period, 72 (2.6%) with ruptured BAVM were included. TCD-VS occurred in 12 (17%) and CI in 6 (8%) patients. All patients with CI had a previous diagnosis of TCD-VS. A Glasgow Coma Scale score <8 was a risk factor for both TCD-VS (relative risk (RR), 4.7; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.6 to 26) and CI (RR, 7.8; 95% CI, 0.1 to 63). Independent risk factors for TCD-VS by multivariate analysis were lower Glasgow Coma Scale score (odds ratio (OR) per unit decrease, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.80), female gender (OR, 4.86; 95% CI, 1.09 to 25.85), and younger age (OR per decade decrease, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.82). The risk of a poor outcome (GOS <4) at ICU discharge was non-significantly increased in the patients with TCD-VS (RR, 4.9; 95% CI, 0.7 to 35; P = 0.09). All six patients with CI had poor outcomes., Conclusions: This is the first cohort study describing the incidence and risk factors for cerebral vasospasm after BAVM rupture. Larger studies are needed to investigate the significance of TCD-vasospasm and CI in these patients.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.