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Over an extended period, spelling lessons have consistently played a crucial role in language acquisition, commonly integrated into educational settings to enhance learners’ spelling proficiency. Traditional classroom environments often require learners to spell and write words, leading those facing persistent difficulties to experience anxiety and social disconnection. This challenge is particularly notable in preschool settings where a more interactive approach to spelling sessions could benefit children with difficulties. This research develops a screenless language learning system for spelling acquisition, specifically focusing on minimizing digital screen exposure for preschoolers. The proposed virtual, augmented interface connects with tangible elements and game features. The tangible interface becomes the primary tool for learning, and the system achieves complete accuracy without necessitating learners to hold additional digital devices. The proposed system integrates augmented reality, tangible user interfaces, and serious game-based learning. Utilizing 3D Unity and Vuforia technology, augmented reality and serious game components are employed to create spelling content. The study highlights the importance of tangible letters and objects in conjunction with real-world items to facilitate cooperative and collaborative learning, encouraging social interaction among learners. The proposed learning content levels are adjusted to the age of learners (4-6 years) for alleviating cognitive overload. For gamification, the system incorporates three difficulty levels tailored to three, four, and five-letter words. This structured approach systematically enhances spelling skills while simultaneously addressing the challenge of excessive screen device exposure.

Water level monitoring has long been an important task for farmers. Because weather conditions can change quickly, farmers have often checked that the water levels of their crops were ideal for good growing conditions. Farmers would benefit from developing a simple device to determine the water level of crops at any time. This research designs a noncontact water level detection system, including a data acquisition system, a data management monitoring system, and an instant messenger. In the data acquisition system, a digital water gauge is designed, mainly using image recognition technology to identify the water level in a barrel. Our research shows that using a black dot with a diameter of 1 cm as the water gauge scale can achieve 100% recognition results at a distance of 110 cm. Considering that applying a contactless water level detection system (CWLDS) in agriculture is a fixed measurement method and an external light source is supported, 100% identification can be obtained, and the operation cost of a CWLDS can be reduced without an additional machine learning technique. To effectively reduce the transmission cost, the reading part of the digital water gauge is divided into single-barrel and multi-barrel parts. The water level information is sent to a management center through a narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) transmission module. This system provides a well-structured and systematic approach to the problem of measuring water levels in pickling barrels. Through the data management monitoring system, the collected water level of each object is matched with a database in the host to determine whether the water level is abnormal. The system can provide immediate alerts to relevant personnel by using popular instant messaging software that transmits abnormal water level information to farmers.

In this paper, an embedded system is used as a host for the intercom and as a chatbot server for this system. The chatbot server controls door locks, cameras, buzzers, and related devices through web services on the WoT (Web of Things) to provide residents and visitors with better functionality and integrational services. This system can greatly improve the security and convenience of the system compared with the traditional intercom system. The resident uses the instant messaging software of the smartphone to replace the handset function, and there is no need to install and learn new apps, reducing the cost of the handset and the wiring indoors and outdoors. Whether or not the residents are at home, they can check whether there are visitors and check the status of their doors through their smartphones. Conversely, any visitor can also contact the resident through this intercom, while there is no way to confirm whether the resident is at home or not, which enhances the security of the house. This system provides flexibility in wireless installation and use and sufficient mobility for residents. The system architecture strikes a good balance between user convenience and home security and between performance and cost, effectively improving home security and reducing costs.

Due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, many people have faced in-home isolation, as every suspected patient must stay at home. The behavior of such isolated people needs to be monitored to ensure that they are staying at home. Using a camera is a very practical method. However, smart bracelets are more convenient when personal privacy is a concern or when the blood oxygen value or heart rate must be monitored. In this study, a low-cost indoor positioning system that uses a Bluetooth beacon, a smart bracelet, and an embedded system is proposed. In addition to monitoring whether a person living alone is active in a specific environment and tracking the heart rate or blood oxygen value under particular conditions, this system can also send early warning signals to specific observation units or relatives through instant messaging software.