67 results on '"Chia-Lin Liu"'
Search Results
2. Identification of the HNSC88 Molecular Signature for Predicting Subtypes of Head and Neck Cancer
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Yi-Hsuan Chuang, Chun-Yu Lin, Jih-Chin Lee, Chia-Hwa Lee, Chia-Lin Liu, Sing-Han Huang, Jung-Yu Lee, Wen-Sen Lai, and Jinn-Moon Yang
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head and neck cancer ,systems biology ,molecular subtypes ,molecular signature ,human papillomavirus ,prognostic biomarker ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) exhibits genetic heterogeneity in etiologies, tumor sites, and biological processes, which significantly impact therapeutic strategies and prognosis. While the influence of human papillomavirus on clinical outcomes is established, the molecular subtypes determining additional treatment options for HNSC remain unclear and inconsistent. This study aims to identify distinct HNSC molecular subtypes to enhance diagnosis and prognosis accuracy. In this study, we collected three HNSC microarrays (n = 306) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and HNSC RNA-Seq data (n = 566) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and validate our results. Two scoring methods, representative score (RS) and perturbative score (PS), were developed for DEGs to summarize their possible activation functions and influence in tumorigenesis. Based on the RS and PS scoring, we selected candidate genes to cluster TCGA samples for the identification of molecular subtypes in HNSC. We have identified 289 up-regulated DEGs and selected 88 genes (called HNSC88) using the RS and PS scoring methods. Based on HNSC88 and TCGA samples, we determined three HNSC subtypes, including one HPV-associated subtype, and two HPV-negative subtypes. One of the HPV-negative subtypes showed a relationship to smoking behavior, while the other exhibited high expression in tumor immune response. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to compare overall survival among the three subtypes. The HPV-associated subtype showed a better prognosis compared to the other two HPV-negative subtypes (log rank, p = 0.0092 and 0.0001; hazard ratio, 1.36 and 1.39). Additionally, within the HPV-negative group, the smoking-related subgroup exhibited worse prognosis compared to the subgroup with high expression in immune response (log rank, p = 0.039; hazard ratio, 1.53). The HNSC88 not only enables the identification of HPV-associated subtypes, but also proposes two potential HPV-negative subtypes with distinct prognoses and molecular signatures. This study provides valuable strategies for summarizing the roles and influences of genes in tumorigenesis for identifying molecular signatures and subtypes of HNSC.
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- 2023
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3. Maternal exposure to air pollution and the risk of small for gestational age in offspring: A population-based study in Taiwan
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Chien-Yu Huang, Chia-Lin Liu, Mei-Huei Chen, Po-Nien Tsao, Chien-Yi Chen, Hung-Chieh Chou, and Pau-Chung Chen
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Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Background: Exposure to air pollution has been associated with a wide range of adverse health effects; however, few studies addressed the relationship between ambient particulate matter as well as the compositions in particulate matter such as lead and the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) in offspring. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of maternal exposure to criteria air pollutants and the lead in total suspended particulate matter during pregnancy on SGA births in Taiwan. Methods: This population study consisted of 322,513 singleton live births in Taiwan between 1996 and 2002. Daytime (7 AM–7 PM) exposure to particulate matter ≤10 μm (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3), and monthly exposure to lead in total suspended particles (TSP) during each trimester were estimated. Generalized additive model (GAM) was used to assess the association between maternal exposure to particulate air pollutants and SGA births, taking into account potential confounders and gaseous air pollutants. Results: We found significant association between the highest quartile (≥75th) of maternal PM10 exposure and SGA and demonstrated a significant exposure–response relationship. Furthermore, the highest quartile (≥75th) of maternal lead exposure was also associated with SGA during the second and third trimester of pregnancy, and there was a significant exposure–response relationship between maternal lead exposure and SGA during pregnancy. Conclusion: Maternal exposure to PM10 and lead in total suspended particulate matter during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of SGA in offspring. Key Words: air pollution, lead, pregnancy, small for gestational age
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- 2020
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4. An Integrated Genomic Strategy to Identify CHRNB4 as a Diagnostic/Prognostic Biomarker for Targeted Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer
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Yi-Hsuan Chuang, Chia-Hwa Lee, Chun-Yu Lin, Chia-Lin Liu, Sing-Han Huang, Jung-Yu Lee, Yi-Yuan Chiu, Jih-Chin Lee, and Jinn-Moon Yang
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head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ,smoking ,nicotine ,prognostic biomarker ,drug repurposing ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Although many studies have shown the association between smoking and the increased incidence and adverse prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the mechanisms and pharmaceutical targets involved remain unclear. Here, we integrated gene expression signatures, genetic alterations, and survival analyses to identify prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets for smoking HNSCC patients, and we discovered that the FDA-approved drug varenicline inhibits the target for cancer cell migration/invasion. We first identified 18 smoking-related and prognostic genes for HNSCC by using RNA-Seq and clinical follow-up data. One of these genes, CHRNB4 (neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4), increased the risk of death by approximately threefold in CHRNB4-high expression smokers compared to CHRNB4-low expression smokers (log rank, p = 0.00042; hazard ratio, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.55–5.14), former smokers, and non-smokers. Furthermore, we examined the functional enrichment of co-regulated genes of CHRNB4 and its 246 frequently occurring copy number alterations (CNAs). We found that these genes were involved in promoting angiogenesis, resisting cell death, and sustaining proliferation, and contributed to much worse outcomes for CHRNB4-high patients. Finally, we performed CHRNB4 gene editing and drug inhibition assays, and the results validate these observations. In summary, our study suggests that CHRNB4 is a prognostic indicator for smoking HNSCC patients and provides a potential new therapeutic drug to prevent recurrence or distant metastasis.
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- 2020
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5. The Effect of Individual and Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Status on Diabetes Mellitus Survival in Working Age Patients in Taiwan.
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Shih-Hsien Yang, Su-Feng Chen, Shin Nieh, Chia-Lin Liu, Yaoh-Shiang Lin, Ching-Chih Lee, and Fu-Huang Lin
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global pandemic metabolic disorder. In recent years, the amount of medical resources required for the treatment of diabetes has increased as diabetes rates have gradually risen. The combined effects of individual and neighbourhood socio-economic status (SES) on DM survival rates are still not clear, especially in patients of working age. In this paper, we aim to analyze the combined effects of neighbourhood and individual SES on DM survival rates in patients of working age in Taiwan.The study of 23,781 people who were diagnosed with DM by using population-based study between 2002 and 2006. Each sample was followed up for 4 years or as a sensor case. We defined Individual SES and neighbourhood SES by each patient's job category and household income which characterized as advantaged or disadvantaged. Then we compared the survival rates by SES group used Cox proportional hazards model for adjust risk factors.The 4-year overall survival rates of diabetic patients were worst for those with low individual SES who living in advantaged neighbourhoods. After adjustment for patient characteristics, DM patients with high individual SES living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods had the same risk of mortality as those patients with high individual SES living in advantaged neighbourhoods (hazard ratio: 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81-1.51). The study found that DM patients with low individual SES who live in disadvantaged areas had a greater risk of mortality than those with high SES (odds ratio: 2.57; 95% CI: 2.04-3.24). There were significant differences in survival rates between patients with high individual SES and patients with low individual SES. In contrast, the results did not statistically significant differences in survival rates between advantaged and disadvantaged neighbourhood SES groups.DM patients with low individual SES had the worst survival rate, regardless of whether they were living in a high or low SES neighbourhood area. The competitive cause of death, i.e., the fact that complications, rather than DM itself, are often the cause of death, may be the reason for the inverse relationship found between the effects of individual SES and neighbourhood SES on DM survival. We conclude that the socio-economic gradient in survival among DM patients may be the result of differences in access to medical treatment and attributes related to individual SES.
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- 2017
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6. Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma in Malignant Pleural Effusion Enriches Cancer Stem Cell Properties during Metastatic Cascade.
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Su-Feng Chen, Yaoh-Shiang Lin, Shu-Wen Jao, Yun-Ching Chang, Chia-Lin Liu, Yu-Ju Lin, and Shin Nieh
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Metastasis occurs in a series of discrete steps involving invasion, angiogenesis, lymphovascular space permeation, and establishment of secondary tumors. Malignant pleural effusion (MPE), a type of tumor metastasis, is usually a poor prognostic sign for patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma, although its underlying mechanism has received less attention than other types of metastases have. The objective of the current study was to confirm whether cancer stem cells (CSCs) in MPE contribute to the "metastatic cascade" through the epithelial - mesenchymal transition (EMT), anoikis, and adaptation in the microenvironment. METHODS: Pulmonary tissue and corresponding cell blocks of MPE samples from 20 patients with primary adenocarcinoma were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining with CSC-representative markers (CD133, Nanog, and OCT-4) and EMT-associated markers (E-cadherin and vimentin). Correlations between these variables and clinico-pathological parameters were analyzed. Primary cultures from eight cases of MPE were investigated to characterize the CSC properties, including marker expression, sphere formation, and differentiation. RESULTS: Expressions of CSC-representative markers for 20 cases of MPE cell blocks were quite diverse and variable ranging from 15% to 90%. Stronger expression of CSC-representative markers and alteration of EMT-associated markers were found at the invasive fronts and in MPEs compared with the expression in primary pulmonary tumor tissues. The expression of OCT-4 in MPEs significantly related to distant metastasis and stage, as well as inversely correlated with patient survival. Primary cultures confirmed the CSC properties in MPE. Five of eight cases of MPE yielded adequate cell clusters, which also showed variable expressions of CSC markers in addition to sphere formation and the ability for differentiation and metastasis. CONCLUSION: This pilot study offers a better understanding of the metastatic cascade. Establishing a model of MPE will provide further insight into the role of CSCs in metastasis and may explain the high therapeutic failure rates for patients with MPE.
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- 2013
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7. Nonadhesive culture system as a model of rapid sphere formation with cancer stem cell properties.
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Su-Feng Chen, Yun-Ching Chang, Shin Nieh, Chia-Lin Liu, Chin-Yuh Yang, and Yaoh-Shiang Lin
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis and are responsible for high therapeutic failure rates. Identification and characterization of CSC are crucial for facilitating the monitoring, therapy, or prevention of cancer. Great efforts have been paid to develop a more effective methodology. Nevertheless, the ideal model for CSC research is still evolving. In this study, we created a nonadhesive culture system to enrich CSCs from human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines with sphere formation and to characterize their CSC properties further. METHODS: A nonadhesive culture system was designed to generate spheres from the SAS and OECM-1 cell lines. A subsequent investigation of their CSC properties, including stemness, self-renewal, and chemo- and radioresistance in vitro, as well as tumor initiation capacity in vivo, was also performed. RESULTS: Spheres were formed cost-effectively and time-efficiently within 5 to 7 days. Moreover, we proved that these spheres expressed putative stem cell markers and exhibited chemoradiotherapeutic resistance, in addition to tumor-initiating and self-renewal capabilities. CONCLUSIONS: Using this nonadhesive culture system, we successfully established a rapid and cost-effective model that exhibits the characteristics of CSCs and can be used in cancer research.
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- 2012
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8. Quercetin suppresses drug-resistant spheres via the p38 MAPK-Hsp27 apoptotic pathway in oral cancer cells.
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Su-Feng Chen, Shin Nieh, Shu-Wen Jao, Chia-Lin Liu, Chien-Hua Wu, Yun-Ching Chang, Chin-Yuh Yang, and Yaoh-Shiang Lin
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Treatment failure in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) leading to local recurrence(s) and metastases is mainly due to drug resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought be responsible for the development of drug resistance. However, the correlations between CSCs, drug resistance, and new strategy against drug resistance in OSCC remain elusive. METHODS: A drug-resistant sphere (DRSP) model was generated by using a nonadhesive culture system to induce drug-resistant cells from SCC25 oral cancer cells. A comparative analysis was performed between the parent control cells and DRSPs with a related treatment strategy focusing on the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated markers, drug-resistance-related genes, and CSC properties in vitro, as well as tumorigenicity and the regimen for tumor regression in vivo. RESULTS: Our data show the presence of a phenomenon of EMT with gradual cellular transition from an epithelioid to mesenchymal-like spheroid morphology during induction of drug resistance. The characterization of DRSPs revealed the upregulation of the drug-resistance-related genes ABCG2 and MDR-1 and of CSC-representative markers, suggesting that DRSPs have greater resistance to cisplatin (Cis) and stronger CSC properties compared with the control. Moreover, overexpression of phosphorylated heat-shock protein 27 (p-Hsp27) via the activation of p38 MAPK signaling was observed in DRSPs. Knockdown of Hsp27 decreased Cis resistance and induced apoptosis in DRSPs. Furthermore, an inhibitor of Hsp27, quercetin (Qu), suppressed p-Hsp27 expression, with alterations of the EMT signature, leading to the promotion of apoptosis in DRSPs. A xenographic study also confirmed the increase of tumorigenicity in DRSPs. The combination of Qu and Cis can reduce tumor growth and decrease drug resistance in OSCC. CONCLUSIONS: The p38 MAPK-Hsp27 axis plays an important role in CSCs-mediated drug resistance in OSCC. Targeting this axis using Qu combined with Cis may be a treatment strategy to improve prognosis in patients with OSCC.
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- 2012
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9. Dressing for Attention: Outfit Based Fashion Popularity Prediction.
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Ling Lo, Chia-Lin Liu, Rong-An Lin, Bo Wu 0018, Hong-Han Shuai, and Wen-Huang Cheng
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- 2019
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10. A virtual laboratory for learning fullerene production and nanostructure analysis.
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Wernhuar Tarng, Chia-Lin Liu, Chi-Young Lee, Chih-Ming Lin, and Yun-Chen Lu
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- 2019
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11. FOANet: A Feedback Operation-Attention Network for Single Image Haze Removal
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Fan Chou, Ching-Hsuan Wang, Wen-Huang Cheng, Hong-Han Shuai, Pin-Jui Huang, Ling Lo, Lei Chen, and Chia-Lin Liu
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Signal Processing ,Information Systems - Published
- 2023
12. A memory-efficient architecture for intra predictor and de-blocking filter in video coding system.
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Chia-Lin Liu, Chang-Hung Tsai, Hsiuan-Ting Wang, Yao Li, and Chen-Yi Lee
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- 2012
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13. An adaptive residential energy management scheme in the smart home.
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Liang-Bi Chen, Meng-Kang Chiang, Chia-Lin Liu, Katherine Shu-Min Li, and Jing-Jou Tang
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- 2016
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14. Maternal exposure to air pollution and the risk of small for gestational age in offspring: A population-based study in Taiwan
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Mei-Huei Chen, Chia-Lin Liu, Pau-Chung Chen, Hung-Chieh Chou, Chien-Yu Huang, Chien-Yi Chen, and Po-Nien Tsao
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Adult ,Risk ,Offspring ,Air pollution ,Gestational Age ,010501 environmental sciences ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pregnancy ,Criteria air contaminants ,Air Pollution ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Humans ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,lcsh:RJ1-570 ,030311 toxicology ,lcsh:Pediatrics ,Particulates ,medicine.disease ,Lead ,Quartile ,Maternal Exposure ,Infant, Small for Gestational Age ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Small for gestational age ,Population study ,Female ,Particulate Matter ,business - Abstract
Background: Exposure to air pollution has been associated with a wide range of adverse health effects; however, few studies addressed the relationship between ambient particulate matter as well as the compositions in particulate matter such as lead and the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) in offspring. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of maternal exposure to criteria air pollutants and the lead in total suspended particulate matter during pregnancy on SGA births in Taiwan. Methods: This population study consisted of 322,513 singleton live births in Taiwan between 1996 and 2002. Daytime (7 AM–7 PM) exposure to particulate matter ≤10 μm (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3), and monthly exposure to lead in total suspended particles (TSP) during each trimester were estimated. Generalized additive model (GAM) was used to assess the association between maternal exposure to particulate air pollutants and SGA births, taking into account potential confounders and gaseous air pollutants. Results: We found significant association between the highest quartile (≥75th) of maternal PM10 exposure and SGA and demonstrated a significant exposure–response relationship. Furthermore, the highest quartile (≥75th) of maternal lead exposure was also associated with SGA during the second and third trimester of pregnancy, and there was a significant exposure–response relationship between maternal lead exposure and SGA during pregnancy. Conclusion: Maternal exposure to PM10 and lead in total suspended particulate matter during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of SGA in offspring. Key Words: air pollution, lead, pregnancy, small for gestational age
- Published
- 2020
15. Biological Data Warehousing System for Identifying Transcriptional Regulatory Sites From Gene Expressions of Microarray Data.
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Ann-Ping Tsou, Yi-Ming Sun, Chia-Lin Liu, Hsien-Da Huang, Jorng-Tzong Horng, Meng-Feng Tsai, and Baw-Jhiune Liu
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- 2006
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16. Response to 'How can the term SIDS be used without the application of standard definitions?'
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Chia-Lin Liu, Mei-Huei Chen, Po-Nien Tsao, Chien-Yi Chen, Pau-Chung Chen, Hung-Chieh Chou, Yin-Ting Chen, and Chi-Jen Chen
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Environmental Engineering ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,MEDLINE ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,computer.software_genre ,Pollution ,Term (time) ,Text mining ,Environmental Chemistry ,Humans ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer ,Natural language processing ,Sudden Infant Death - Published
- 2021
17. Dressing for Attention: Outfit Based Fashion Popularity Prediction
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Bo Wu, Hong-Han Shuai, Chia-Lin Liu, Ling Lo, Rong-An Lin, and Wen-Huang Cheng
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Computer science ,business.industry ,02 engineering and technology ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,01 natural sciences ,Popularity ,Visualization ,Market research ,Metric (mathematics) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Social media ,Sequence learning ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
analysis of fashion trends is crucial. However, existing predictive algorithms of fashion popularity are restricted to be feasible on the coarse style level but not a finer item level. That is, they are only predictive in the future popularity of a given type of fashion styles (e.g., Rocker), but cannot be precisely down to a particular outfit look chosen by individuals. This paper thus proposes the first solution directly aimed at predicting the fine-grained fashion popularity of an outfit look by taking social media as the learning source. Particularly, a deep temporal sequence learning framework is developed and the proposed framework is evaluated on a real dataset of 380,000 street fashion images collected from the fashion website lookbook.nu. The experimental results show that our proposed framework outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches, with a relative increase of 11.51% to 27.62% (MSE metric) and 7.02% to 32.61% (CSE metric) in the prediction accuracy.
- Published
- 2019
18. The Use of Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Hospitalization for Pneumonia
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Chi-Shin Wu, Chung-Yao Hsu, Chia-Lin Liu, Wei-Chung Mao, John W. Winkelman, and Tien-Yu Chen
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,Benzodiazepine ,business.industry ,medicine.drug_class ,Population ,Nonbenzodiazepine ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Logistic regression ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pneumonia ,0302 clinical medicine ,Defined daily dose ,Emergency medicine ,Nested case-control study ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Medical prescription ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,business ,education ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background The relationship between the use of benzodiazepine-receptor agonists (BZRAs) and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia remains inconclusive. This study aimed to explore the association between BZRA use and hospitalization for pneumonia in a general population. Methods This population-based nested case-control study used Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database between 2002 and 2012. We included only new users who did not have any BZRA prescriptions on record in the preceding 2 years and identified 12,002 subjects who were hospitalized for pneumonia (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes 480-486, and 507) and 12,002 disease risk score-matched control subjects. A logistic regression model was used to determine the association of BZRA use and hospitalization for pneumonia. The exposure date, dose-response relationship, and class of BZRAs were comprehensively assessed. Results Current BZRA exposure was associated with hospitalization for pneumonia (adjusted OR [aOR],1.86; 95% CI, 1.75-1.97). Benzodiazepine hypnotic agents (aOR, 2.42; 95% CI, 2.16-2.71) had a higher risk of pneumonia than did benzodiazepine anxiolytic agents (aOR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.44-1.63) or nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agents (aOR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.46-1.76). The pneumonia risk was increased with ultrashort-acting and short- to intermediate-acting agents, a higher defined daily dose, and the number of BZRAs used. Among individual BZRAs examined, midazolam had a higher risk (aOR, 5.77; 95% CI, 4.31-7.73) of hospitalization for pneumonia than did the others. Conclusions This study suggests that there is a dose-response relationship between current BZRA use and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia. In addition, benzodiazepine hypnotic agents, especially midazolam, present a greater risk of hospitalization for pneumonia. These findings reinforce the importance of a careful analysis of the benefits vs the risks of BZRA use.
- Published
- 2018
19. A large, ultra-black, efficient and cost-effective dye-sensitized solar module approaching 12% overall efficiency under 1000 lux indoor light
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Chiung-Wen Chang, Chin-Li Wang, Ching-Yao Lin, Shr-Yau Lin, Ming-Chi Tsai, Yu-Hsin Hsiao, Chia-Lin Liu, Cheng-Wei Hsu, and Chen-Chi Wang
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Anthracene ,Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Photovoltaic system ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,Panchromatic film ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Solar module ,law ,Solar cell ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) ,Visible spectrum ,Overall efficiency - Abstract
Three novel anthracene-based organic dyes, denoted as AN-11, AN-12 and AN-14, were synthesized for outdoor and indoor dye-sensitized solar cell studies. Laboratory-fabricated small cells, as well as rigid and flexible modules, were prepared and analyzed for their photovoltaic performance under simulated outdoor and indoor conditions. Owing to the panchromatic absorption of visible light, the AN-11 module gives rise to a very black color and superior photovoltaic performance. Significantly, the AN-11 rigid module with a large active area of 26.80 cm2 outperforms its Z907 counterpart under indoor conditions, reaching an overall efficiency of 11.94% under 1000 lux of T5 fluorescent light. In addition, the AN-11 module exhibits good stability during weather stress tests. Finally, the AN-11 dye is cost-effective and our studies show that the photovoltaic performance of the solar cells is not affected upon lowering the synthetic cost and increasing the synthetic scale.
- Published
- 2018
20. Active intracellular domain of notch enhances transcriptional activation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta on a rat pregnancy-specific glycoprotein gene
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Hungwen Chen, Yichuen Chong, and Chia-Lin Liu
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Biochemistry -- Research ,Carrier proteins -- Research ,Glycoproteins -- Research ,Placenta -- Research ,Gene expression -- Research ,Biological sciences ,Chemistry - Abstract
Research has been conducted on the pregnancy-specific glycoproteins expressed in the placenta. The characterization of the rodent PSG gene promoter elements is described.
- Published
- 2000
21. meso-Diphenylbacteriochlorins: Macrocyclic Dyes with Rare Colors for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
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Huei-Chi You, Chin-Li Wang, Chung-Kai Huang, Ming-Chi Tsai, Bo-Zhi Lin, Subrata Chakraborty, Chia-Lin Liu, and Ching-Yao Lin
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Chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Fluorescence ,Porphyrin ,Redox ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Dye-sensitized solar cell ,General Energy ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) - Abstract
We herein report the synthesis, UV–vis absorption, fluorescence emission, and redox properties of three novel meso-diphenylbacteriochlorins. Significantly, we show that substituents at the meso-positions of an air-stable bacteriochlorin can be manipulated for the first time. With proper design, this allows tailor-made bacteriochlorins to exhibit suitable properties for a chosen application. As an example, photovoltaic properties of two such bacteriochlorins in dye-sensitized solar cells are investigated. The results show that the bacteriochlorin dyes outperform a reference porphyrin dye. Intriguingly, the anodes sensitized with the new dyes display rare colors—blue and pink.
- Published
- 2017
22. A virtual laboratory for learning fullerene production and nanostructure analysis
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Yun-Chen Lu, Chih-Ming Lin, Wernhuar Tarng, Chia‐Lin Liu, and Chi-Young Lee
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Nanostructure ,Materials science ,Fullerene ,General Computer Science ,05 social sciences ,General Engineering ,050301 education ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Education ,Electric arc ,Transmission electron microscopy ,Virtual Laboratory ,0210 nano-technology ,0503 education - Published
- 2018
23. Increased chemoresistance via Snail-Raf kinase inhibitor protein signaling in colorectal cancer in response to a nicotine derivative
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Tsai-Yu Lee, Chia-Lin Liu, Yaoh-Shiang Lin, Su-Feng Chen, Shu-Wen Jao, Yun-Ching Chang, Tsung-Yun Liu, and Shin Nieh
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0301 basic medicine ,Homeobox protein NANOG ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ,Nitrosamines ,Organoplatinum Compounds ,NNK ,colorectal cancer ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Apoptosis ,Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein ,Snail ,Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Cell Movement ,Cancer stem cell ,biology.animal ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,medicine ,Humans ,Epithelial–mesenchymal transition ,Cell Proliferation ,Cell growth ,chemoresistance ,Oxaliplatin ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,Tumor progression ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Carcinogens ,Cancer research ,Snail Family Transcription Factors ,Signal transduction ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Research Paper ,nicotine ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
A tobacco-specific component, 4-methylnitrosamino-1-3-pyridyl-1-butanone (NNK), is a major risk factor for many cancers. Recent reports have demonstrated that NNK exposure may be associated with tumor progression and chemoresistance in certain cancers. However, the underlying NNK-induced mechanism contributing to the aggressiveness of colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we used HT29 cells treated with NNK to simulate the long-term exposure of cigarette smoke. A comparative analysis was performed to evaluate cell proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and drug-resistance genes expression, cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, and anti-apoptotic activity. Signaling pathways related to chemoresistance were also investigated. As a result, NNK exposure dose-dependently stimulates cell proliferation, enhance abilities of migration and invasion, induce EMT phenomenon, and attenuate apoptosis. Furthermore, NNK exposure also promotes the capabilities of sphere formation, upregulation of Snail, and overexpression of CD133, Nanog, OCT4, and the drug-resistant genes. Knockdown of Snail results in upregulation of Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP), increased apoptosis, reversal of EMT phenomenon, and reducation of expression of CSC markers, all of which contribute to a decrease of chemoresistance. Our study demonstrates a number of related mechanisms that mediate the effect of NNK exposure on increasing CRC therapeutic resistance via the Snail signaling pathway. Targeting Snail may provide a feasible strategy for the treatment of CRC.
- Published
- 2016
24. The molecular and clinical verification of therapeutic resistance via the p38 MAPK–Hsp27 axis in lung cancer
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Min-Zu Wu, Guo-Lun Lan, Yaoh-Shiang Lin, Shin Nieh, Su-Feng Chen, Shu-Wen Jao, Chin-Yuh Yang, Tsai-Yu Lee, Chia-Lin Liu, and Lian-Wu Wen
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0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,Male ,Lung Neoplasms ,medicine.medical_treatment ,heat shock protein 27 ,HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins ,Apoptosis ,Drug resistance ,p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ,Metastasis ,0302 clinical medicine ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,treatment strategy ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,biology ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,cisplatin-based chemotherapy ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Survival Rate ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,medicine.drug ,Research Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ,Rectum ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Adenocarcinoma ,03 medical and health sciences ,Hsp27 ,Cancer stem cell ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Humans ,Lung cancer ,Cell Proliferation ,Cisplatin ,Chemotherapy ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,drug-resistant sphere ,lung cancer ,030104 developmental biology ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,biology.protein ,business - Abstract
// Chia-Lin Liu 1 , Su-Feng Chen 2, * , Min-Zu Wu 3 , Shu-Wen Jao 4 , Yaoh-Shiang Lin 5 , Chin-Yuh Yang 6 , Tsai-Yu Lee 4 , Lian-Wu Wen 7 , Guo-Lun Lan 7 , Shin Nieh 1, 7, * 1 Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan 2 Department of Dental Hygiene, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 3 Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA 4 Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine & Division of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Yang-Ming University & National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan 5 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 6 Department of Dentistry, Cheng Hsin Hospital & Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan 7 Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center & Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Shin Nieh, e-mail: niehshin1014@yahoo.com.tw Su-Feng Chen, e-mail: su374065@gmail.com Keywords: cisplatin-based chemotherapy, drug-resistant sphere, lung cancer, heat shock protein 27, treatment strategy Received: November 17, 2015 Accepted: January 29, 2016 Published: February 10, 2016 ABSTRACT Treatment failure followed by relapse and metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer is often the result of acquired resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. A cancer stem cell (CSC)-mediated anti-apoptotic phenomenon is responsible for the development of drug resistance. The underlying molecular mechanism related to cisplatin resistance is still controversial, and a new strategy is needed to counteract cisplatin resistance. We used a nonadhesive culture system to generate drug-resistant spheres (DRSPs) derived from cisplatin-resistant H23 lung cancer cells. The expressions of drug-resistance genes, properties of CSCs, and markers of anti-apoptotic proteins were compared between control cells and DRSPs. DRSPs exhibited upregulation of cisplatin resistance-related genes. Gradual morphological alterations showing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenomenon and increased invasion and migration abilities were seen during induction of DRSPs. Compared with control cells, DRSPs displayed increased CSC and anti-apoptotic properties, greater resistance to cisplatin, and overexpression of p-Hsp27 via activation of p38 MAPK signaling. Knockdown of Hsp27 or p38 decreased cisplatin resistance and increased apoptosis in DRSPs. Clinical studies confirmed that the expression of p-Hsp27 was closely associated with prognosis. Overexpression of p-Hsp27 was usually detected in advanced-stage patients with lung cancer and indicated short survival. Summary: DRSPs were useful for investigating drug resistance and may provide a practical model for studying the crucial role of p-Hsp27 in the p38 MAPK–Hsp27 axis in CSC-mediated cisplatin resistance. Targeting this axis using siRNA Hsp27 may provide a treatment strategy to improve prognosis and prolong survival in lung cancer patients.
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- 2016
25. Porphyrins bearing a consolidated anthryl donor with dual functions for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells
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Yu-Hsin Hsiao, Ching-Yao Lin, Chuan-Kai Tseng, Peng Wang, Chin-Li Wang, Min Zhang, Mingfei Xu, and Chia-Lin Liu
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Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Photovoltaic system ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Porphyrin ,0104 chemical sciences ,Dye-sensitized solar cell ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,Organic chemistry ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Three porphyrin dyes with different electron-donating groups were prepared to compare their photovoltaic performance in dye-sensitized solar cells. LWP12 is based on LD31 which has a complicated, piece-together electron-donating group, whereas LWP13 and LWP14 have merged substituents with electron-donating and absorption-broadening abilities. The results in this work suggest that consolidated anthryl donors may be used to design highly efficient photosensitizers.
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- 2016
26. An Integrated Genomic Strategy to Identify CHRNB4 as a Diagnostic/Prognostic Biomarker for Targeted Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer
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Jung Yu Lee, Yi Yuan Chiu, Jinn-Moon Yang, Chun-Yu Lin, Jih Chin Lee, Sing Han Huang, Chia Hwa Lee, Yi Hsuan Chuang, and Chia Lin Liu
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0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,Drug ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Angiogenesis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,medicine.medical_treatment ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,Article ,smoking ,Targeted therapy ,head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ,Nicotine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,prognostic biomarker ,media_common ,drug repurposing ,business.industry ,Head and neck cancer ,Hazard ratio ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,medicine.disease ,Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma ,Drug repositioning ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,business ,nicotine ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Although many studies have shown the association between smoking and the increased incidence and adverse prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the mechanisms and pharmaceutical targets involved remain unclear. Here, we integrated gene expression signatures, genetic alterations, and survival analyses to identify prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets for smoking HNSCC patients, and we discovered that the FDA-approved drug varenicline inhibits the target for cancer cell migration/invasion. We first identified 18 smoking-related and prognostic genes for HNSCC by using RNA-Seq and clinical follow-up data. One of these genes, CHRNB4 (neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4), increased the risk of death by approximately threefold in CHRNB4-high expression smokers compared to CHRNB4-low expression smokers (log rank, p = 0.00042, hazard ratio, 2.82, 95% CI, 1.55&ndash, 5.14), former smokers, and non-smokers. Furthermore, we examined the functional enrichment of co-regulated genes of CHRNB4 and its 246 frequently occurring copy number alterations (CNAs). We found that these genes were involved in promoting angiogenesis, resisting cell death, and sustaining proliferation, and contributed to much worse outcomes for CHRNB4-high patients. Finally, we performed CHRNB4 gene editing and drug inhibition assays, and the results validate these observations. In summary, our study suggests that CHRNB4 is a prognostic indicator for smoking HNSCC patients and provides a potential new therapeutic drug to prevent recurrence or distant metastasis.
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- 2020
27. Correction to 'meso-Diphenylbacteriochlorins: Macrocyclic Dyes with Rare Colors for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells'
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Subrata Chakraborty, Ming-Chi Tsai, Chin-Li Wang, Chung-Kai Huang, Ching-Yao Lin, Bo-Zhi Lin, Huei-Chi You, and Chia-Lin Liu
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Dye-sensitized solar cell ,General Energy ,Chemistry ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Photochemistry ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Published
- 2020
28. Regulation of tumor progression via the Snail-RKIP signaling pathway by nicotine exposure in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
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Shu-Wen Jao, Chin-Yuh Yang, Shin Nieh, Tsai-Yu Lee, Yaoh-Shiang Lin, Yi-Han Tseng, Su-Feng Chen, Tsung-Yun Liu, Yueng-Hsiang Chu, and Chia-Lin Liu
- Subjects
Homeobox protein NANOG ,Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,business.industry ,Snail ,medicine.disease ,Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma ,Nicotine ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Tumor progression ,Cancer stem cell ,Internal medicine ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Epithelial–mesenchymal transition ,Signal transduction ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Recent studies suggest that long-term exposure of the carcinogen 4-methylnitrosamino-1–3-pyridyl-1-butanone (NNK) found in tobacco smoke is involved in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The underlying nicotine-mediated mechanism remains unclear. Methods An analysis of SCC-25 and Fadu cells with or without NNK exposure focusing on the evaluation of migration and invasion abilities, the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, drug-resistance-related genes, properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and anti-apoptosis was performed. Results Long-term NNK exposure enhances migration and invasion with morphological alterations in a dose-dependently manner. Furthermore, NNK exposure also upregulates Snail, promotes sphere-forming ability, and overexpresses aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), Nanog, OCT4, ABCG2, and MDR1. Conclusion The current study confirmed that long-term NNK exposure plays a role in HNSCC by increasing anti-apoptosis and therapeutic resistance via the Snail-RKIP signaling pathway. Our data also suggest that α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) inhibition or targeting Snail may provide a feasible rationale for preventing the progression of HNSCC. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1712–1721, 2015
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- 2015
29. The Use of Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Hospitalization for Pneumonia: A Nationwide Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study
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Tien-Yu, Chen, John W, Winkelman, Wei-Chung, Mao, Chia-Lin, Liu, Chung-Yao, Hsu, and Chi-Shin, Wu
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Adult ,Male ,Taiwan ,Pneumonia ,Middle Aged ,Clonazepam ,Hospitalization ,Young Adult ,Anti-Anxiety Agents ,Risk Factors ,Case-Control Studies ,Humans ,Hypnotics and Sedatives ,Female ,GABA-A Receptor Agonists ,Registries ,Aged - Abstract
The relationship between the use of benzodiazepine-receptor agonists (BZRAs) and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia remains inconclusive. This study aimed to explore the association between BZRA use and hospitalization for pneumonia in a general population.This population-based nested case-control study used Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database between 2002 and 2012. We included only new users who did not have any BZRA prescriptions on record in the preceding 2 years and identified 12,002 subjects who were hospitalized for pneumonia (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes 480-486, and 507) and 12,002 disease risk score-matched control subjects. A logistic regression model was used to determine the association of BZRA use and hospitalization for pneumonia. The exposure date, dose-response relationship, and class of BZRAs were comprehensively assessed.Current BZRA exposure was associated with hospitalization for pneumonia (adjusted OR [aOR],1.86; 95% CI, 1.75-1.97). Benzodiazepine hypnotic agents (aOR, 2.42; 95% CI, 2.16-2.71) had a higher risk of pneumonia than did benzodiazepine anxiolytic agents (aOR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.44-1.63) or nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agents (aOR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.46-1.76). The pneumonia risk was increased with ultrashort-acting and short- to intermediate-acting agents, a higher defined daily dose, and the number of BZRAs used. Among individual BZRAs examined, midazolam had a higher risk (aOR, 5.77; 95% CI, 4.31-7.73) of hospitalization for pneumonia than did the others.This study suggests that there is a dose-response relationship between current BZRA use and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia. In addition, benzodiazepine hypnotic agents, especially midazolam, present a greater risk of hospitalization for pneumonia. These findings reinforce the importance of a careful analysis of the benefits vs the risks of BZRA use.
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- 2017
30. miR-25/93 mediates hypoxia-induced immunosuppression by repressing cGAS
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Kou-Juey Wu, Yaoh-Shiang Lin, Min-Zu Wu, Li-Fan Lu, Su-Feng Chen, Wei-Chung Cheng, Carolyn O’Connor, Lorena Martin, Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte, Chia-Lin Liu, Wen-Wei Tsai, Cheng-Jang Wu, and Shin Nieh
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Time Factors ,animal diseases ,Regulator ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Breast Neoplasms ,Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta ,Biology ,Adaptive Immunity ,Transfection ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ,Article ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Mixed Function Oxygenases ,Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,Immune system ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins ,Tumor Microenvironment ,Animals ,Humans ,Mice, Knockout ,Tumor microenvironment ,Innate immune system ,Tumor hypoxia ,Cell Biology ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Acquired immune system ,Nucleotidyltransferases ,Cell biology ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,MicroRNAs ,030104 developmental biology ,Tumor Escape ,Disease Progression ,MCF-7 Cells ,bacteria ,Tumor Hypoxia ,Female ,RNA Interference ,Signal transduction ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
The mechanisms by which hypoxic tumours evade immunological pressure and anti-tumour immunity remain elusive. Here, we report that two hypoxia-responsive microRNAs, miR-25 and miR-93, are important for establishing an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment by downregulating expression of the DNA sensor cGAS. Mechanistically, miR-25/93 targets NCOA3, an epigenetic factor that maintains basal levels of cGAS expression, leading to repression of cGAS during hypoxia. This allows hypoxic tumour cells to escape immunological responses induced by damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, specifically the release of mitochondrial DNA. Moreover, restoring cGAS expression results in an anti-tumour immune response. Clinically, decreased levels of cGAS are associated with poor prognosis for patients with breast cancer harbouring high levels of miR-25/93. Together, these data suggest that inactivation of the cGAS pathway plays a critical role in tumour progression, and reveal a direct link between hypoxia-responsive miRNAs and adaptive immune responses to the hypoxic tumour microenvironment, thus unveiling potential new therapeutic strategies.
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- 2017
31. The Effect of Individual and Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Status on Diabetes Mellitus Survival in Working Age Patients in Taiwan
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Ching-Chih Lee, Yaoh-Shiang Lin, Su-Feng Chen, Fu-Huang Lin, Chia-Lin Liu, Shin Nieh, and Shih-Hsien Yang
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Male ,Gerontology ,Economics ,Social Sciences ,lcsh:Medicine ,Geographical Locations ,Endocrinology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Sociology ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Risk of mortality ,Medicine ,Public and Occupational Health ,030212 general & internal medicine ,lcsh:Science ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Geography ,Mortality rate ,Hazard ratio ,Age Factors ,Middle Aged ,Socioeconomic Aspects of Health ,Survival Rate ,population characteristics ,Female ,Research Article ,Asia ,Endocrine Disorders ,Death Rates ,Population ,Taiwan ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Human Geography ,Urban Geography ,03 medical and health sciences ,Health Economics ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Humans ,Social Stratification ,education ,Socioeconomic status ,Survival rate ,Aged ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Demography ,business.industry ,Proportional hazards model ,lcsh:R ,Odds ratio ,social sciences ,Health Care ,Regional Geography ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Metabolic Disorders ,People and Places ,Earth Sciences ,lcsh:Q ,business ,Follow-Up Studies ,Health Insurance - Abstract
Purpose Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global pandemic metabolic disorder. In recent years, the amount of medical resources required for the treatment of diabetes has increased as diabetes rates have gradually risen. The combined effects of individual and neighbourhood socio-economic status (SES) on DM survival rates are still not clear, especially in patients of working age. In this paper, we aim to analyze the combined effects of neighbourhood and individual SES on DM survival rates in patients of working age in Taiwan. Methods The study of 23,781 people who were diagnosed with DM by using population—based study between 2002 and 2006. Each sample was followed up for 4 years or as a sensor case. We defined Individual SES and neighbourhood SES by each patient’s job category and household income which characterized as advantaged or disadvantaged. Then we compared the survival rates by SES group used Cox proportional hazards model for adjust risk factors. Results The 4-year overall survival rates of diabetic patients were worst for those with low individual SES who living in advantaged neighbourhoods. After adjustment for patient characteristics, DM patients with high individual SES living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods had the same risk of mortality as those patients with high individual SES living in advantaged neighbourhoods (hazard ratio: 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81–1.51). The study found that DM patients with low individual SES who live in disadvantaged areas had a greater risk of mortality than those with high SES (odds ratio: 2.57; 95% CI: 2.04–3.24). There were significant differences in survival rates between patients with high individual SES and patients with low individual SES. In contrast, the results did not statistically significant differences in survival rates between advantaged and disadvantaged neighbourhood SES groups. Conclusion DM patients with low individual SES had the worst survival rate, regardless of whether they were living in a high or low SES neighbourhood area. The competitive cause of death, i.e., the fact that complications, rather than DM itself, are often the cause of death, may be the reason for the inverse relationship found between the effects of individual SES and neighbourhood SES on DM survival. We conclude that the socio-economic gradient in survival among DM patients may be the result of differences in access to medical treatment and attributes related to individual SES.
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- 2017
32. Pneumonia Risk and Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
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Mei-Shu Lai, Chi-Shin Wu, Wen-Yi Shau, Chia-Lin Liu, and Chia-Hsuin Chang
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Adult ,Male ,Risk ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Databases, Factual ,Epidemiology ,Population ,Taiwan ,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ,Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Clinical Epidemiology ,education ,Aged ,education.field_of_study ,angiotensin II receptor blockers ,Cross-Over Studies ,biology ,business.industry ,Cumulative dose ,Confounding ,case-crossover study ,Case-control study ,Angiotensin-converting enzyme ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,Pneumonia ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Hospitalization ,Endocrinology ,Treatment Outcome ,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ,Case-Control Studies ,biology.protein ,Original Article ,Female ,business - Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may decrease pneumonia risk in various populations. We investigated the effect of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) on pneumonia hospitalization in the general population of Taiwan. Methods We conducted a case-crossover study using the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database for the year 2005. Data from patients hospitalized for the first time for pneumonia during 1997-2007 were analyzed. The case period was defined as the 30 days before admission; the periods 90 to 120 days and 180 to 210 days before admission were used as control periods. Prescribing status of ACE inhibitors and ARBs during the 3 periods was assessed for each patient. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for pneumonia associated with use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs. Results We identified 10 990 cases of hospitalization for new pneumonia. After adjustment for time-variant confounding factors, pneumonia was not associated with use of ACEI or ARBS: the ORs were 0.99 (95% CI, 0.81-1.21) and 0.96 (0.72-1.28), respectively. No association was seen for cumulative defined daily doses (DDDs), as compared with nonusers, for 0 to 30, 31 to 60, or more than 60 DDDs. The results were found to be robust in sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Neither the use nor cumulative dose of ACE inhibitors or ARBs was associated with pneumonia among the Taiwanese general population.
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- 2013
33. K2Ca4[(UO2)(Si2O7)2]: A Uranyl Silicate with a One-Dimensional Chain Structure
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Chia Lin Liu, Hsin Kuan Liu, Wen Jung Chang, and Kwang Hwa Lii
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Inorganic Chemistry ,Tetragonal crystal system ,Crystallography ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemistry ,Crystal structure ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Triclinic crystal system ,Uranyl ,Alkali metal ,Spectroscopy ,Silicate ,Hydrothermal circulation - Abstract
A new uranyl silicate, K2Ca4[(UO2)(Si2O7)2], with a 1D chain structure has been synthesized from a solution of mixed alkali- and alkaline-earth-metal cations under hydrothermal conditions at 550 °C and 1400 bar and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectroscopy. It crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1̅ (No. 2) with a = 6.6354(2) Å, b = 6.6791(2) Å, c = 9.6987(3) Å, α = 98.324(2)°, β = 93.624(2)°, γ = 112.310(2)°, and Z = 1. Its crystal structure consists of a 1D chain of uranyl disilicate formed of corner-sharing UO6 tetragonal bipyramids and Si2O7 double groups. The adjacent chains are separated by K(+) and Ca(2+) cations. It is the first example of uranyl silicate with a 1D chain structure.
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- 2015
34. The paracrine effect of cancer-associated fibroblast-induced interleukin-33 regulates the invasiveness of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
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Yaoh-Shiang Lin, Su-Feng Chen, Chia-Lin Liu, Yun-Ching Chang, Min-Zu Wu, Shin Nieh, and Shu-Wen Jao
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Stromal cell ,Head and neck cancer ,Transdifferentiation ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Interleukin 33 ,Paracrine signalling ,Cancer cell ,medicine ,Cancer research ,Autocrine signalling - Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The prognosis of HNSCC is usually poor because of its propensity for extensive invasion, local recurrence and frequent regional lymph node metastasis, even at initial diagnosis. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a major type of tumour-surrounding stromal cell, generate mediators through which they interact with tumours and contribute to cancer progression. The orchestration between CAFs and cancer cells is complex. Despite recent studies demonstrating the paracrine effect of stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment on initiation and progression of cancer cells, the major mediator related to CAFs and its underlying mechanism remain unknown. In the present study, we used organotypic culture to investigate CAFs that promote aggressive behaviour of HNSCC cells. Using microarray analysis, we detected abundant expression of interleukin-33 (IL-33) in CAFs and identified IL-33 as a critical mediator in CAF-induced invasiveness. Counteracting IL-33 activity diminished the aggressive phenotype of cancer cells induced by CAFs. Administration of IL-33 promoted cancer cell migration and invasion through induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation and increased IL-33 gene expression in cancer cells. In 40 patients with HNSCC, IL-33 expression in CAFs correlated with IL-33 expression in cancer cells. Most cases with a low invasion pattern grading score (IPGS) showed low or no expression of IL-33, whereas most HNSCC cases with high IPGS displayed over-expression of IL-33 in CAFs and cancer cells. High IL-33 expression associated with poor prognosis in terms of nodal metastasis-free survival. These results indicate that CAFs promote cancer invasiveness via paracrine and autocrine effects on microenvironmental IL-33 signalling, and suggest that IL-33 is a potential prognostic biomarker that could be considered in therapeutic strategies for the treatment of patients with HNSCC.
- Published
- 2013
35. Reappraisal of the anticancer efficacy of quercetin in oral cancer cells
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Chia-Lin Liu, Chien-Hua Wu, Yaoh-Shiang Lin, Shin Nien, Su-Feng Chen, and Yun-Ching Chang
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Cell cycle checkpoint ,Cell ,migration ,Antioxidants ,quercetin ,Flow cytometry ,Cell Movement ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Humans ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,Viability assay ,Cell Proliferation ,Medicine(all) ,lcsh:R5-920 ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Cell growth ,business.industry ,Cell Cycle ,apoptosis ,Cell migration ,General Medicine ,invasion ,oral squamous cell carcinoma ,stomatognathic diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Apoptosis ,Cancer cell ,Immunology ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Cancer research ,Mouth Neoplasms ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business - Abstract
Background Despite increased experience in therapy, the overall outcome of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not improved because of the relative resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs in addition to local invasion and frequent regional lymph node metastases. Quercetin (Qu) is a principal flavonoid compound and an excellent free-radical-scavenging antioxidant that promotes apoptosis. Limited reports regarding the molecular or cellular role of Qu in anticancer properties on OSCC have been presented. This study was conducted to clarify the efficacy of Qu on OSCC in vitro and further to evaluate the possible mechanism(s). Methods Cultured OSCC cells (SCC-25) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were treated with different concentrations of Qu. Cell viability and cell colony-forming potential were detected with the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and colony growth assays. Cell-cycle analysis and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were tested using the micropore chamber assay. Results Cell viability and colony-forming potential were decreased in a dose-dependent manner following Qu treatment. Qu also dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of SCC-25 cells via both G1 phase cell cycle arrest and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. In addition, Qu also decreased the abilities of migration and invasion of SCC-25 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Qu effectively inhibits cell growth and invasion/migration of SCC-25 cells in vitro . The cellular and molecular mechanisms are via cell cycle arrest accompanied by mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Our findings suggest that Qu may have potential as a new chemopreventive agent or serve as a therapeutic adjuvant for OSCC.
- Published
- 2013
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36. Using mutagenesis to explore conserved residues in the RNA-binding groove of influenza A virus nucleoprotein for antiviral drug development
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Ching-Hui Chiang, John T.A. Hsu, Hui-Chen Hung, Chia-Lin Liu, Shou-Chen Lo, Ming-Hon Hou, and I-Jung Chen
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0301 basic medicine ,Curcumin ,medicine.drug_class ,Viral protein ,030106 microbiology ,Sequence alignment ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Antiviral Agents ,Article ,Virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,Transcription (biology) ,medicine ,Humans ,Multidisciplinary ,Viral Core Proteins ,RNA-Binding Proteins ,RNA ,Nucleocapsid Proteins ,Virology ,Protein Structure, Tertiary ,Nucleoprotein ,030104 developmental biology ,Viral replication ,A549 Cells ,Influenza A virus ,Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ,RNA-Binding Motifs ,Antiviral drug ,Sequence Alignment - Abstract
Nucleoprotein (NP) is the most abundant type of RNA-binding viral protein in influenza A virus–infected cells and is necessary for viral RNA transcription and replication. Recent studies demonstrated that influenza NP is a valid target for antiviral drug development. The surface of the groove, covered with numerous conserved residues between the head and body domains of influenza A NP, plays a crucial role in RNA binding. To explore the mechanism by which NP binds RNA, we performed a series of site-directed mutagenesis in the RNA-binding groove, followed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), to characterize the interactions between RNA and NP. Furthermore, a role of Y148 in NP stability and NP-RNA binding was evaluated. The aromatic residue of Y148 was found to stack with a nucleotide base. By interrupting the stacking interaction between Y148 and an RNA base, we identified an influenza virus NP inhibitor, (E, E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione; this inhibitor reduced the NP’s RNA-binding affinity and hindered viral replication. Our findings will be useful for the development of new drugs that disrupt the interaction between RNA and viral NP in the influenza virus.
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- 2016
37. An adaptive residential energy management scheme in the smart home
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Katherine Shu-Min Li, Meng-Kang Chiang, Jing-Jou Tang, Chia-Lin Liu, and Liang-Bi Chen
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Residential energy ,business.industry ,Energy management ,Computer science ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,Environmental economics ,Renewable energy ,Smart grid ,Home automation ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electricity ,business ,Simulation ,Renewable resource - Abstract
This paper presents an adaptive residential renewable energy management scheme considering end-users' life style to optimize electricity consumption including renewable resources in the smart homes. The proposed scheme generates smart residential power schedules dynamically according to the real-time stock of renewable resources and user-specific life style in home energy management. Experimental results show that the proposed work is more effectively, efficiently and user friendly in terms of electricity cost, CO2 emission and user's life style.
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- 2016
38. ChemInform Abstract: K2Ca4[(UO2)(Si2O7)2]: A Uranyl Silicate with a One-Dimensional Chain Structure
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Kwang Hwa Lii, Hsin Kuan Liu, Chia Lin Liu, and Wen Jung Chang
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chain structure ,chemistry ,Molar ratio ,Yield (chemistry) ,Inorganic chemistry ,General Medicine ,Uranyl ,Ampoule ,Silicate ,Bar (unit) - Abstract
The new title compound is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of Ca(OH)2, UO3, SiO2, KOH, and H2O in a molar ratio of K:Ca:U:Si = 75:1:1:4 (gold ampule, 1400 bar, 550 °C, 4 d; 45% yield).
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- 2015
39. The chemoadjuvant potential of grape seed procyanidins on p53-related cell death in oral cancer cells
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Yaoh-Shiang Lin, Su-Feng Chen, Shin Nieh, and Chia-Lin Liu
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Cancer Research ,Programmed cell death ,Cell cycle checkpoint ,Cell growth ,Biology ,Cell cycle ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Cell biology ,stomatognathic diseases ,stomatognathic system ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Cell culture ,Apoptosis ,Cancer cell ,Periodontics ,Viability assay ,Oral Surgery - Abstract
J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 322–331 Background: To clarify the efficacy of grape seed procyanidin (GSP) on antiproliferative effects related to p53 functional status of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) for its chemoadjuvant potential. Methods: We used GSP to investigate SCC-25 cells with wild-type p53 gene and OEC-M1 cells with mutant p53 gene for the assessment of antiproliferative effects including cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration and invasion potential, and alterations of associated oncoproteins involved in cellular and molecular events. Results: The findings suggest that GSP on OEC-M1 cells leads to cell cycle arrest by increasing the expression of p21Cip1/p27Kip1 protein without functioning mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, whereas GSP on SCC-25 cells inhibits cell proliferation via both G1-phase arrest and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner as a result of alterations of Bcl-2. GSP also inhibits the migration and invasion of both cells, which are associated with the suppression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-2 and MMP-9. Conclusion: Antiproliferative effectiveness of GSP is closely associated with the p53 status of OSCC cells. GSP displays chemoadjuvant potential via cell cycle blockage and apoptotic induction. Our findings clearly suggest that GSP may play a role as a novel chemopreventive or therapeutic agent for OSCC.
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- 2011
40. 66.2: High-Speed Driving Circuit Design for RGB-LED Backlight
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Chia-Jin Lin, Wen-Chih Tai, Chi-Neng Mo, Chia-Lin Liu, Ming-Tsung Ho, Shian-Jun Chiou, and Chi-Fang Huang
- Subjects
Liquid-crystal display ,law ,Image quality ,Computer science ,Driving circuit ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Charge pump ,Electronic engineering ,Constant current ,Constant voltage ,RGB color model ,Backlight ,law.invention - Abstract
Architecture of a digital-input driving circuit for RGB-LED Backlight is proposed. By combining such a digital interface of RGB-LED driving circuit, matrix-arranged RGB-LEDs and the corresponding DC-DC conversion circuit, improvement for a backlight system, which is area color-controllable, scanning type and is for color sequential display can be achieved. Instead of using those sophisticated traditional LED driving techniques, such as constant current control, constant voltage control, charge pump, etc., an alternative employing software-controlled RGB-LED backlight system may help perform superior image quality on LCD screen.
- Published
- 2007
41. Assessing Whether the Association Between Sleep Apnea and Diabetes is Bidirectional
- Author
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Chia-Lin Liu and Chi-Shin Wu
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Population ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Type 2 diabetes ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Sleep Apnea Syndromes ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,Poisson Distribution ,education ,Aged ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Proportional hazards model ,Incidence ,Hazard ratio ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,Sleep apnea ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,respiratory tract diseases ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Cohort ,Physical therapy ,Female ,business - Abstract
Objectives To determine whether there is a bidirectional association between sleep apnea and diabetes mellitus. Methods We conducted longitudinal analyses of a population-based cohort over 12 years using Taiwan's national universal health insurance database. In analysis I, we included 102 355 individuals without type 2 diabetes mellitus at baseline and estimated the hazard ratio of incident diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus for patients with and those without sleep apnea. In analysis II, we included 258 053 participants without sleep apnea at baseline and calculated the hazard ratio of developing sleep apnea for patients with and those without type 2 diabetes. Results In analysis I, the incidence rates of type 2 diabetes were 17.7 and 11.1 per 1000 person-years for patients with and those without sleep apnea, respectively. Patients with sleep apnea had an increased risk for diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22 to 1.46). In analysis II, the risk for sleep apnea with diabetes was not statistically significant (aHR = 1.06; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.16). These associations in both analyses did not substantively change after accounting for various latent periods. Conclusions Baseline sleep apnea is associated with incident type 2 diabetes; however, the presence of type 2 diabetes cannot predict the development of sleep apnea.
- Published
- 2015
42. Regulation of tumor progression via the Snail-RKIP signaling pathway by nicotine exposure in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- Author
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Shin, Nieh, Shu-Wen, Jao, Chin-Yuh, Yang, Yaoh-Shiang, Lin, Yi-Han, Tseng, Chia-Lin, Liu, Tsai-Yu, Lee, Tsung-Yun, Liu, Yueng-Hsiang, Chu, and Su-Feng, Chen
- Subjects
Nicotine ,Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ,Nitrosamines ,alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ,Cell Culture Techniques ,Apoptosis ,Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family ,Cell Movement ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Humans ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,Nicotinic Agonists ,Neoplasm Staging ,Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms ,Retinal Dehydrogenase ,Tongue Neoplasms ,Up-Regulation ,Isoenzymes ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,Carcinogens ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Disease Progression ,Neoplastic Stem Cells ,Mouth Neoplasms ,Snail Family Transcription Factors ,Signal Transduction ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Recent studies suggest that long-term exposure of the carcinogen 4-methylnitrosamino-1-3-pyridyl-1-butanone (NNK) found in tobacco smoke is involved in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The underlying nicotine-mediated mechanism remains unclear.An analysis of SCC-25 and Fadu cells with or without NNK exposure focusing on the evaluation of migration and invasion abilities, the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, drug-resistance-related genes, properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and anti-apoptosis was performed.Long-term NNK exposure enhances migration and invasion with morphological alterations in a dose-dependently manner. Furthermore, NNK exposure also upregulates Snail, promotes sphere-forming ability, and overexpresses aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), Nanog, OCT4, ABCG2, and MDR1.The current study confirmed that long-term NNK exposure plays a role in HNSCC by increasing anti-apoptosis and therapeutic resistance via the Snail-RKIP signaling pathway. Our data also suggest that α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) inhibition or targeting Snail may provide a feasible rationale for preventing the progression of HNSCC.
- Published
- 2014
43. A 446.6K-gates 0.55–1.2V H.265/HEVC decoder for next generation video applications
- Author
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Chang-Hung Tsai, Chen-Yi Lee, Yao Li, Hsiuan-Ting Wang, and Chia-Lin Liu
- Subjects
Idle ,CMOS ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Embedded system ,Video decoder ,Memory bandwidth ,Chip ,business ,Decoding methods ,Scheduling (computing) ,Data compression - Abstract
An architecture of H.265/HEVC video decoder for next generation video applications is presented. By exploiting near-lossless data compression and Sharing Above Line Buffer (SALB) schemes, both memory bandwidth and on-chip storage can be reduced. Moreover, cross-stage scheduling is applied to the 4-stage decoding pipeline to minimize idle computations. Fabricated in 90nm 1P9M CMOS process, the test chip of the proposed H.265/HEVC video decoder occupies an area of 1.60×1.98mm2 to achieve 1080p@30fps and 720p@30fps realtime decoding with power consumption of 36.90 and 9.57mW.
- Published
- 2013
44. Active Intracellular Domain of Notch Enhances Transcriptional Activation of CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein β on a Rat Pregnancy-Specific Glycoprotein Gene
- Author
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Chia-Lin Liu, Yichuen Chong, and Hungwen Chen
- Subjects
Intracellular Fluid ,Transcriptional Activation ,Genetic Vectors ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Genes, Reporter ,Animals ,Humans ,Electrophoretic mobility shift assay ,Cloning, Molecular ,Binding site ,Nuclear protein ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,Gene ,Transcription factor ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Receptors, Notch ,Ccaat-enhancer-binding proteins ,Pregnancy-Specific beta 1-Glycoproteins ,Binding protein ,Membrane Proteins ,Nuclear Proteins ,Molecular biology ,Peptide Fragments ,Rats ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Enhancer Elements, Genetic ,chemistry ,Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein ,COS Cells ,CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins ,Trans-Activators ,Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ,Glycoprotein - Abstract
Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are primarily expressed in the placenta and become the major glycoproteins at term. To understand the regulation of PSG expression, we characterized the promoter elements of a rodent PSG gene, rnCGM3, and delineated three nuclear protein binding sites: FPI, -II, and -III in the 5'-flanking region of the gene. The FPII-binding factor is shown to be C/EBPbeta, which positively regulates rnCGM3 expression [Chen, H., et al. (1995) DNA Cell Biol. 14, 681-688]. In the current study, we used the yeast one-hybrid system to isolate transcription factors binding to the FPIII site and demonstrated that a rodent J kappa recombination signal sequence binding protein, rRBPJ kappa-2N, bound to the FPIII site. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay with rat placental nuclear proteins revealed a constitutive occupancy of the FPIII site by RBPJ kappa. By transient expression analyses, we demonstrated that rRBPJ kappa-2N repressed the expression from an FPIII-driven SV40 promoter. However, this repression effect was counteracted by the active intracellular domain of Notch (NotchIC). Using the native rnCGM3 promoter construct, we demonstrated that the promoter activity stimulated by C/EBP beta was also repressed by rRBPJ kappa-2N but enhanced by NotchIC. Additionally, we found that NotchIC can stimulate expression through another RBPJkappa site within the FPI site. A functional interaction between factors binding to the FPI, FPII, and FPIII sites is proposed.
- Published
- 2000
45. The paracrine effect of cancer-associated fibroblast-induced interleukin-33 regulates the invasiveness of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- Author
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Su-Feng, Chen, Shin, Nieh, Shu-Wen, Jao, Min-Zu, Wu, Chia-Lin, Liu, Yun-Ching, Chang, and Yaoh-Shiang, Lin
- Subjects
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck ,Interleukins ,Blotting, Western ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,Fibroblasts ,Interleukin-33 ,Prognosis ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Immunohistochemistry ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Paracrine Communication ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Tumor Microenvironment ,Humans ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis - Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The prognosis of HNSCC is usually poor because of its propensity for extensive invasion, local recurrence and frequent regional lymph node metastasis, even at initial diagnosis. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a major type of tumour-surrounding stromal cell, generate mediators through which they interact with tumours and contribute to cancer progression. The orchestration between CAFs and cancer cells is complex. Despite recent studies demonstrating the paracrine effect of stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment on initiation and progression of cancer cells, the major mediator related to CAFs and its underlying mechanism remain unknown. In the present study, we used organotypic culture to investigate CAFs that promote aggressive behaviour of HNSCC cells. Using microarray analysis, we detected abundant expression of interleukin-33 (IL-33) in CAFs and identified IL-33 as a critical mediator in CAF-induced invasiveness. Counteracting IL-33 activity diminished the aggressive phenotype of cancer cells induced by CAFs. Administration of IL-33 promoted cancer cell migration and invasion through induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation and increased IL-33 gene expression in cancer cells. In 40 patients with HNSCC, IL-33 expression in CAFs correlated with IL-33 expression in cancer cells. Most cases with a low invasion pattern grading score (IPGS) showed low or no expression of IL-33, whereas most HNSCC cases with high IPGS displayed over-expression of IL-33 in CAFs and cancer cells. High IL-33 expression associated with poor prognosis in terms of nodal metastasis-free survival. These results indicate that CAFs promote cancer invasiveness via paracrine and autocrine effects on microenvironmental IL-33 signalling, and suggest that IL-33 is a potential prognostic biomarker that could be considered in therapeutic strategies for the treatment of patients with HNSCC.
- Published
- 2013
46. Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma in Malignant Pleural Effusion Enriches Cancer Stem Cell Properties during Metastatic Cascade
- Author
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Shin Nieh, Yun-Ching Chang, Yaoh-Shiang Lin, Yu-Ju Lin, Su-Feng Chen, Shu-Wen Jao, and Chia-Lin Liu
- Subjects
Male ,Pathology ,Lung Neoplasms ,lcsh:Medicine ,Lung and Intrathoracic Tumors ,Metastasis ,Basic Cancer Research ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Tumor Microenvironment ,Malignant pleural effusion ,Anoikis ,lcsh:Science ,Aged, 80 and over ,Multidisciplinary ,Adenocarcinoma of the Lung ,Stem Cells ,Middle Aged ,Surgical Oncology ,Oncology ,Neoplastic Stem Cells ,Medicine ,Adenocarcinoma ,Female ,Research Article ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ,Cell Survival ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Cancer stem cell ,Spheroids, Cellular ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,medicine ,Adenocarcinoma of the lung ,Humans ,Epithelial–mesenchymal transition ,Biology ,Aged ,Cell Proliferation ,Tumor microenvironment ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Cancers and Neoplasms ,medicine.disease ,Pleural Effusion, Malignant ,Ki-67 Antigen ,Surgery ,lcsh:Q ,business ,Octamer Transcription Factor-3 ,Biomarkers ,Developmental Biology ,General Pathology - Abstract
Background Metastasis occurs in a series of discrete steps involving invasion, angiogenesis, lymphovascular space permeation, and establishment of secondary tumors. Malignant pleural effusion (MPE), a type of tumor metastasis, is usually a poor prognostic sign for patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma, although its underlying mechanism has received less attention than other types of metastases have. The objective of the current study was to confirm whether cancer stem cells (CSCs) in MPE contribute to the “metastatic cascade” through the epithelial – mesenchymal transition (EMT), anoikis, and adaptation in the microenvironment. Methods Pulmonary tissue and corresponding cell blocks of MPE samples from 20 patients with primary adenocarcinoma were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining with CSC-representative markers (CD133, Nanog, and OCT-4) and EMT-associated markers (E-cadherin and vimentin). Correlations between these variables and clinico-pathological parameters were analyzed. Primary cultures from eight cases of MPE were investigated to characterize the CSC properties, including marker expression, sphere formation, and differentiation. Results Expressions of CSC-representative markers for 20 cases of MPE cell blocks were quite diverse and variable ranging from 15% to 90%. Stronger expression of CSC-representative markers and alteration of EMT-associated markers were found at the invasive fronts and in MPEs compared with the expression in primary pulmonary tumor tissues. The expression of OCT-4 in MPEs significantly related to distant metastasis and stage, as well as inversely correlated with patient survival. Primary cultures confirmed the CSC properties in MPE. Five of eight cases of MPE yielded adequate cell clusters, which also showed variable expressions of CSC markers in addition to sphere formation and the ability for differentiation and metastasis. Conclusion This pilot study offers a better understanding of the metastatic cascade. Establishing a model of MPE will provide further insight into the role of CSCs in metastasis and may explain the high therapeutic failure rates for patients with MPE.
- Published
- 2013
47. A memory-efficient architecture for intra predictor and de-blocking filter in video coding system
- Author
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Chang-Hung Tsai, Yao Li, Chen-Yi Lee, Chia-Lin Liu, and Hsiuan-Ting Wang
- Subjects
Hardware architecture ,Deblocking filter ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Memory architecture ,Interleaved memory ,Uniform memory access ,Registered memory ,Semiconductor memory ,business ,Computer hardware ,Scalable Video Coding - Abstract
In the hardware architecture of the H.264/AVC video coding systems, the storage size of the intra predictor and de-blocking filter occupies a great portion of the internal memory size in the video coding. However, the higher resolution video costs huge internal memory size to store pixels to predict block data and eliminate the blocking effect, especially for the next-generation video applications which target resolution is Ultra-HD (8Kx4K). In this article, a memory-efficient architecture for intra predictor and de-blocking filter has been proposed which can roughly reduce up to 19% internal memory usage to efficiently reduce the decoder size and power consumption, and the sequential-interleaving memory architecture has also been adopted in the proposed architecture to solve the memory access conflict during video decoding. A test module is designed for the proposal and operates at 200 MHz for real-time processing with 85.1 K gates and 8.4 KB SRAM in 90nm CMOS technology.
- Published
- 2012
48. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blockers and pneumonia risk among stroke patients
- Author
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Wen-Yi Shau, Chia-Lin Liu, Chi-Shin Wu, and Mei-Shu Lai
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Databases, Factual ,Physiology ,Population ,Taiwan ,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ,Pneumonia, Aspiration ,Cohort Studies ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Reflex ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Intensive care medicine ,education ,Stroke ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,Cross-Over Studies ,biology ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,business.industry ,Confounding ,Angiotensin-converting enzyme ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Hospitalization ,Pneumonia ,Cough ,Enzyme inhibitor ,biology.protein ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers ,Cohort study - Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers on pneumonia hospitalization in patients with stroke history in Taiwan. METHODS We conducted a case-crossover study using the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan during the period from 1998 to 2007. Patients who had stroke history and were subsequently admitted for pneumonia were enrolled for analysis. The status of exposure to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers 1-30 days prior to admission (case period) was compared to that during 91-120 days and 181-210 days before admission (control periods) for each patient. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the association between pneumonia and use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers. RESULTS In this study, 13 832 patients with incident pneumonia from the stroke patient population were enrolled. After adjustment for time-varying confounding factors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use was associated with a decreased pneumonia risk (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.68-0.87) and a significant dose-response relationship (P
- Published
- 2012
49. Nonadhesive culture system as a model of rapid sphere formation with cancer stem cell properties
- Author
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Shin Nieh, Yaoh-Shiang Lin, Chin-Yuh Yang, Su-Feng Chen, Yun-Ching Chang, and Chia-Lin Liu
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cell Culture Techniques ,Cancer Treatment ,lcsh:Medicine ,Cell Separation ,Tumor initiation ,Biology ,Stem cell marker ,Metastasis ,Cancer stem cell ,Spheroids, Cellular ,Radioresistance ,Molecular Cell Biology ,Basic Cancer Research ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,lcsh:Science ,Multidisciplinary ,lcsh:R ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Radiation therapy ,Oncology ,Cell culture ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Neoplastic Stem Cells ,Cancer research ,Medicine ,lcsh:Q ,Cellular Types ,Radiology ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis and are responsible for high therapeutic failure rates. Identification and characterization of CSC are crucial for facilitating the monitoring, therapy, or prevention of cancer. Great efforts have been paid to develop a more effective methodology. Nevertheless, the ideal model for CSC research is still evolving. In this study, we created a nonadhesive culture system to enrich CSCs from human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines with sphere formation and to characterize their CSC properties further. Methods A nonadhesive culture system was designed to generate spheres from the SAS and OECM-1 cell lines. A subsequent investigation of their CSC properties, including stemness, self-renewal, and chemo- and radioresistance in vitro, as well as tumor initiation capacity in vivo, was also performed. Results Spheres were formed cost-effectively and time-efficiently within 5 to 7 days. Moreover, we proved that these spheres expressed putative stem cell markers and exhibited chemoradiotherapeutic resistance, in addition to tumor-initiating and self-renewal capabilities. Conclusions Using this nonadhesive culture system, we successfully established a rapid and cost-effective model that exhibits the characteristics of CSCs and can be used in cancer research.
- Published
- 2012
50. Seasonal change and correlation with environmental parameters for 2-MIB in Feng-Shen Reservoir, Taiwan
- Author
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Chia Lin Liu, Tsair Fuh Lin, Feng Cheng Yang, and Shu Chu Tung
- Subjects
Taiwan ,Naphthols ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,medicine.disease_cause ,Degree (temperature) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Environmental monitoring ,medicine ,Water pollution ,neoplasms ,General Environmental Science ,Hydrology ,Camphanes ,Environmental factor ,General Medicine ,Seasonality ,medicine.disease ,Pollution ,Geosmin ,digestive system diseases ,chemistry ,Environmental science ,Water quality ,Seasons ,Surface water ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Two common drinking water earthy/musty odorants, 2-methyl-isoborneol (2-MIB) and trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol (geosmin), were monitored and analyzed for their correlation with environmental conditions in Feng-Shen Reservoir (FSR), Taiwan. Long-term monitoring results, from December 2000 to July 2003, indicated that 2-MIB was present in the reservoir at concentrations between 10 and 200 ng L(-1), and those of geosmin were always smaller than 10 ng L(-1). The 2-MIB concentrations followed a trend of higher concentrations during the warm seasons. After being analyzed with 10 water quality and three meteorological parameters, 2-MIB concentration was found to correlate with corresponding air and water temperatures. An analysis of air temperature history versus 2-MIB concentration in FSR suggested that 2-MIB concentration was best correlated with the mean of average daily temperature from 1 to 9 days before sampling, with R (2) = 0.90. This correlation was further employed to predict the 2-MIB concentration observed during another sampling period in FSR. A similar degree of fit was observed between predictions and experimental data, suggesting the potential applicability of the approach. In addition to the effect of temperature, heavy rainfalls that occurred before the sampling time may also reduce the 2-MIB concentration in the reservoir. A short-term continuous monitoring of the odorants for 32 h showed that both geosmin and 2-MIB concentrations in the reservoir remained almost constant, with only about a 10% difference during the sampling period. This may suggest that the odorants were uniformly distributed in the water near the sampling location in the reservoir.
- Published
- 2007
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