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Introduction: The medical treatment (i.e. antibiotic therapy) of orofacial infections sometimes proves inadequate for the recovery of the patients. Therefore, aside the antibacterial treatment, both incision and drainage are necessary to remove the causal factors., Clinical Case: In our report we show that in case of failure of classic antibacterial therapy, surgical treatment alone does not allow by itself the recovery of the patient if microorganisms developed resistance to antibiotics., Conclusion: Recent studies have demonstrated a prevalence of anaerobes in orofacial abscesses. On this basis it appears important that in the analysis of the bacterial flora the handling of samples is carried out in the proper way in order to ensure the isolation of both aerobic and anaerobic species as well as the antibiotic sensitivity.

After reviewing the successive phases of lithogenesis, from dyschylia to outright calculosis, the clinico-epidemiological data on 400 cases of salivary calculosis with incidence according to location (94% submandibular, with 72% intraductal calculi), sex (70% male), age (86% between the second and fifth decades), concomitant pathologies (diabetes mellitus in 25% of cases, arterial hypertension in 20% of cases, chronic hepatopathies in 10% of cases) are presented. The morphological and microstructural aspects of the calculi, observed in polarised light under the optical microscope are reported. The scanty quantity of inorganic tissue contained and the presence of multiple and multidirectional growth nuclei in every calculus examined are pointed out.