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The back-to-school period takes place in a particular context marked by the obligation to adopt strict health security measures to fight against the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Physical distancing, as one of the main measures imposed in the situation of the current health crisis, represents a major constraint to the teaching of physical education (PE) in schools. This article explores benchmarks representing a guide allowing PE teachers to safely resume their activities in this COVID-19 context.

Introduction: Breakfast skipping is an unhealthy eating behavior reportedly common among adolescents. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with breakfast skipping among schoolchildren aged 12–19 years in Beni Mellal city, Morocco, and to assist in the design of interventions to improve breakfast consumption habits of school-aged children in this region. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 550 children were included in the study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with skipping breakfast consumption. The association between dependent and independent variables was assessed using an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval and p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 550 Moroccan adolescents evaluated, 25.6% reported not consuming breakfast every day. Breakfast eating was statistically associated with gender (OR = 7.13 [95% CI 1.32–3.84], p = 0.008); mother's low educational level (OR = 2.86 [95% CI 1.89–4.71], p = 0.091); nonworking mothers (OR = 13.71 [95% CI 1.16–5.29], p < 0.001); not eating between meals (OR = 15.49 [95% CI 2.15–5.49], p < 0.001); eating dinner regularly each day (OR = 17.79 [95% CI 2.81–8.01], p = 0.005); eating vegetables 1–3 times per week (OR = 10.21 [95% CI 1.44–4.67], p = 0.001); consuming milk and dairy product 1–3 times per week (OR = 13.88 [95% CI 1.59–5.56], p < 0.001); and never consuming sodas and soft drink in week (OR = 3.12 [95% CI 1.90–4.50], p = 0.003). Conclusions: This study revealed that the prevalence of skipping breakfast consumption among school-aged children in Beni Mellal city was high. Thus, the findings suggest a community health education program, conducted by school nurses, nutritionists, and other health professionals, is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigated the biochemical disturbances and histological alteration in Psammomys obesus animal model fed different high calorie diets (HCDs) during three months. Four diets were used: a low-calorie natural diet, Chenopodiaceae halophyte plant used as control (LCD), a high standard carbohydrate diet rich in protein, HCD 0, a high carbohydrate diet rich in two concentrations of fat, HCD 1 and HCD 2. All animals having received HCDs developed dyslipidemia after one month of experiment with distinction of different sub-groups developing or not obesity and diabetes. HCDs induced a remarkable increasing in blood cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels indicating a fast induction of dyslipidemia and a significant increase of aminotransaminases activities revealing a pronounced hepatotoxicity. Animal developing diabetes showed a severe hepatic injury, a degeneration of the adipose tissue and a significant reduction of retinal thickness. P. obesus seems to be an excellent animal model to investigate nutritional metabolic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Malnutrition is the most common nutritional disorder in developing countries and it remains one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the prevalence of wasting and its associated factors among under-five children in Marrakesh province in Morocco. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study design was used to determine the prevalence of wasting and its associated factors among under-5 years old children. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 430 children paired with their mothers. Anthropometric measurements and determinant factors were collected. SPSS version 19.0 statistical software was used for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated to the wasting of the children. Statistical association was declared significant if p value was less than0.05. Results: In this study, the prevalence of wasting was 9.3%. The proportions of severe and moderate wasting children were 6.5% and 2.8%, respectively. Higher odds of wasting children among illiterate mothers were 17 times more likely compared with mothers with high levels (ORa = 17.17; 95% CI: 1.01–13.70). In line with this, the odds of wasting children among lower household incomes were 13 times more likely when compared to those with higher household incomes (ORa = 13.114; 95% CI: 1.13–7.60). Similarly, the odds of wasting children among mothers primiparous were 12 times more likely compared with multiparous (ORa = 12.88; 95% CI: 1.04–4.08). The odds of wasting children were more observed among children who did not benefit from exclusive breastfeeding (ORa = 12.297; 95% CI: 2.47–13.03, 1.03–5.34). Conclusions: The current study showed that the prevalence of wasting among under-five children in Marrakesh province was relatively common. Mother's education level, household income, parity, and exclusive breastfeeding were significantly associated with wasting. Therefore, nutritional educational intervention programs in Marrakesh province should focus on these factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an acquired chronic, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. In addition to conventional MS therapy, patients are interested in traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM). Our study aims to describe the use of T&CM in a cohort of Moroccan patients with MS. METHODS: A quantitative descriptive study was adopted to study this subject. For data collection, we opted for an anonymous questionnaire for 98 patients with MS. We gathered data via an electronic survey, using multivariable analysis to examine the effect of specific factors on T&CM use. Data collection took place from March 2022 to June 2022. RESULTS: The results show that 52% of patients use T&CM. Of those, 29.6% use cupping, 23.5% recite the Holy Quran, 15.3% use phytotherapy, 13.2% use apitherapy, and 10.2% use acupuncture. In addition, 66.3% of the surveyed respondents stated that alternative medicine positively affects their health. Finally, 49.1% of surveyed patients who use alternative medicine are between 30 and 40 years old. The results also show that the rate of T&CM use is higher in patients with progressive MS (OR = 2.540) and patients without financial access to disease-modifying therapy (OR = 2.100). CONCLUSIONS: This study invites us to consider societal, cultural, and economic factors when studying the use of T&CM among people with MS. Further research is needed to understand the motivations for using T&CM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on synthesizing a new series of isoxazolinyl-1,2,3-triazolyl-[1,4]-benzoxazin3-one derivatives 5a–5o. The synthesis method involves a double 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction following a “click chemistry” approach, starting from the respective [1,4]-benzoxazin-3-ones. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of these newly synthesized compounds through in silico methods. This synthesis approach allows for the combination of three heterocyclic components: [1,4]-benzoxazin-3-one, 1,2,3-triazole, and isoxazoline, known for their diverse biological activities. The synthesis procedure involved a two-step process. Firstly, a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction was performed involving the propargylic moiety linked to the [1,4]-benzoxazin-3-one and the allylic azide. Secondly, a second cycloaddition reaction was conducted using the product from the first step, containing the allylic part and an oxime. The synthesized compounds were thoroughly characterized using spectroscopic methods, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT-135, and IR. This molecular docking method revealed a promising antidiabetic potential of the synthesized compounds, particularly against two key diabetes-related enzymes: pancreatic α-amylase, with the two synthetic molecules 5a and 5o showing the highest affinity values of 9.2 and 9.1 kcal/mol, respectively, and intestinal α-glucosidase, with the two synthetic molecules 5n and 5e showing the highest affinity values of −9.9 and −9.6 kcal/mol, respectively. Indeed, the synthesized compounds have shown significant potential as antidiabetic agents, as indicated by molecular docking studies against the enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Additionally, ADME analyses have revealed that all the synthetic compounds examined in our study demonstrate high intestinal absorption, meet Lipinski’s criteria, and fall within the required range for oral bioavailability, indicating their potential suitability for oral drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Disgust is an emotional response to a real or perceived disgusting situ - ation. This emotion is present at all levels of human life, both individual and societal. Disgust could be involved in a wide range of psychopathology such as anxiety. Likewise, disgust influence negatively the motivation. It is an emotion commonly experienced by health professionals and nursing students. Material/Methods: The synonyms of disgust and nursing students were identified, and then research has been conducted using, Boolean operators such as Disgust or Revulsion AND Nursing Students OR Pupil Nurses. The databases consulted were: Pubmed, Google scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of science. The selected articles were full-text manuscripts written in English and French, and each contained keywords related to the study in their title or abstract. Results: Nursing students experienced disgust during their training. Some students said that it is inappropriate to express this emotion to keep the patient's trust. Disgust sensitivity can influence the choice of professional careers. A negative correlation was reported between disgust sensitivity and care behaviors such as accessibility, anticipation, and trust. Nursing students suggest avoiding the use of the word "disgust" and instead using other terms such as "difficult", and "challenge". In addition, students said that with time and exposure, many potential disgust inducers lose their effects and become habitual. Other measures were noted like the use of protective equipment. It was also reported that training staff could help students overcome difficult situations. Indeed, awareness of the importance of supporting students during training and assessing their disgust sensitivity is an essential stage to manage this emotion. Conclusions: According to the consulted articles, nursing students may experience disgust. Therefore, it is necessary to support them in both clinical and academic settings. It is also important to assess their sensitivity to disgust and help them to identify and to manage their emotions. In light of the lack of studies on disgust among nursing students, future research will enhance this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Breakfast skipping is an unhealthy eating behavior reportedly common among adolescents. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with breakfast skipping among schoolchildren aged 12–19 years in Beni Mellal city, Morocco, and to assist in the design of interventions to improve breakfast consumption habits of school-aged children in this region. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 550 children were included in the study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with skipping breakfast consumption. The association between dependent and independent variables was assessed using an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval and p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 550 Moroccan adolescents evaluated, 25.6% reported not consuming breakfast every day. Breakfast eating was statistically associated with gender (OR = 7.13 [95% CI 1.32–3.84], p = 0.008); mother's low educational level (OR = 2.86 [95% CI 1.89–4.71], p = 0.091); nonworking mothers (OR = 13.71 [95% CI 1.16–5.29], p < 0.001); not eating between meals (OR = 15.49 [95% CI 2.15–5.49], p < 0.001); eating dinner regularly each day (OR = 17.79 [95% CI 2.81–8.01], p = 0.005); eating vegetables 1–3 times per week (OR = 10.21 [95% CI 1.44–4.67], p = 0.001); consuming milk and dairy product 1–3 times per week (OR = 13.88 [95% CI 1.59–5.56], p < 0.001); and never consuming sodas and soft drink in week (OR = 3.12 [95% CI 1.90–4.50], p = 0.003). Conclusions: This study revealed that the prevalence of skipping breakfast consumption among school-aged children in Beni Mellal city was high. Thus, the findings suggest a community health education program, conducted by school nurses, nutritionists, and other health professionals, is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Selenoprotein T (SELENOT), a PACAP-regulated thioredoxin-like protein, plays a role in catecholamine secretion and protects dopaminergic neurons. However, the role of SELENOT in the establishment of the catecholaminergic (CA) neuronal system is not known yet. Methods: We analyzed by immunohistochemistry and RNAscope in situ hybridization the distribution of SELENOT and the expression of its mRNA, respectively. In addition, 3D imaging involving immunostaining in toto, clearing through the iDISCO+ method, acquisitions by light-sheet microscopy, and processing of 3D images was performed to map the CA neuronal system. A semi-automatic quantification of 3D images was carried out. Results: SELENOT protein and mRNA are widely distributed in the mouse brain, with important local variations. Three-dimensional mapping, through tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) labeling, and semi-automated quantification of CA neurons in brain-specific SELENOT knockout mice showed a significant decrease in the number of TH-positive neurons in the area postrema (AP-A2), the A11 cell group (A11), and the zona incerta (ZI-A13) of SELENOT-deficient females, and in the hypothalamus (Hyp-A12-A14-A15) of SELENOT-deficient females and males. Conclusion: These results showed that SELENOT is diffusely expressed in the mouse brain and that its deficiency impacts CA neuron distribution in different brain areas including Hyp-A12-A14-A15, in both male and female mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]