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1. Vibration isolation system for cryocoolers of soft x-ray spectrometer on-board ASTRO-H (Hitomi)

Author

Hiroyuki Sugita, Shinya Yamada, Yasuo Nakamura, Kenji Minesugi, Shoji Tsunematsu, Chikara Natsukari, Kiyomi Otsuka, Taro Kawano, Susumu Yasuda, Dan McCammon, Motohide Kokubun, Kazuhisa Mitsuda, Seiji Yoshida, Makoto Sawada, Meng P. Chiao, Yoh Takei, John Basile, Atsushi Wada, Ryuichi Fujimoto, Yoichi Sato, Naoko Iwata, Mina Ogawa, Atsushi Okamoto, Paul Wilke, Katsuhiro Narasaki, Shingo Obara, Caroline A. Kilbourne, James Pontius, F. Scott Porter, Gary A. Sneiderman, Tadayuki Takahashi, Megan E. Eckart, Noriko Y. Yamasaki, Kosei Ishimura, and Kenichi Kanao

Subjects
Materials science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, microcalorimeter, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, soft x-ray spectrometer, 0103 physical sciences, microvibration, cryocooler, Aerospace engineering, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Soft x ray, Spectrometer, Spacecraft, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cryocooler, vibration isolation, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Vibration, Vibration isolation, Hitomi, Space and Planetary Science, Control and Systems Engineering, business, Frequency modulation
Abstract

著者人数: 35名, 形態: カラー図版あり, Number of authors: 35, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, Accepted: 2018-01-22, 資料番号: PA1810022000

Published
2018

2. Status of x-ray imaging and spectroscopy mission (XRISM)

Author

Yutaka Fujita, Koji Mukai, Peter Shirron, Kumiko K. Nobukawa, Toshiaki Takeshima, Isamu Hatsukade, Richard F. Mushotzky, Brian J. Williams, Greg Brown, Hirofumi Noda, Brian Comber, Maria Diaz-Trigo, Manabu Ishida, Brian R. McNamara, Takahiro Sasaki, M. Ohno, Iurii Babyk, Richard L. Kelley, Sayuri Iga, Hiroshi Nakajima, Yuusuke Uchida, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Takeshi Go Tsuru, Kosuke Sato, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Ryo Iizuka, Irina Zhuravleva, Shogo B. Kobayashi, Hironori Matsumoto, Matthew Holland, K. Matsuzaki, Makoto Sawada, Laura Brenneman, Susumu Yasuda, Shinya Yamada, Makoto Tashiro, Hirokazu Odaka, Yoshihiro Ueda, Keiichi Yanagase, Hiroki Akamatsu, Yasuharu Sugawara, Akihiro Furuzawa, Nobutaka Bando, Akio Hoshino, Koji Mori, Misaki Mizumoto, Lia Corrales, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Yasushi Fukazawa, Hideki Uchiyama, Hironori Maejima, Robert Petre, Yoshitaka Ishisaki, Teruaki Enoto, Mina Ogawa, Kenichi Toda, Natalie Hell, Shin'ichiro Uno, Tessei Yoshida, Thomas G. Bialas, Maurice A. Leutenegger, Masayuki Ohta, Yang Soong, Elisa Costantini, Kenji Hamaguchi, Shunji Kitamoto, Takafumi Horiuchi, Leslie Hartz, Luigi C. Gallo, Edmund Hodges-Kluck, Renata Cumbee, Yusuke Nishioka, Toshiki Sato, Paul P. Plucinsky, Katja Pottschmidt, Aya Kubota, Ehud Behar, Tom Lockard, Masanobu Ozaki, Kenji Minesugi, Ann Hornschemeier, T. R. Jaffe, Aurora Simionescu, Kazutaka Yamaoka, Stéphane Paltani, Keisuke Tamura, Chris Done, Makoto Yamauchi, Kouichi Hagino, Kosei Ishimura, Akihide Kobayashi, Eric J. Miller, Carlo Ferrigno, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Hiromi Seta, Nathalie Gorter, Cor P. de Vries, Michael J. Sampson, A. E. Szymkowiak, Mark O. Kimball, Gary A. Sneiderman, Dan McCammon, Meng P. Chiao, S. Eguchi, Randall K. Smith, Naoki Ishihama, Yohko Tsuboi, Jon M. Miller, Erin Kara, Takayoshi Kohmura, Timothy R. Kallman, Takashi Okajima, Kenichiro Nigo, Jan-Willem den Herder, Shigeo Yamauchi, Kazunori Someya, Maxim Markevitch, Yuto Ichinohe, M. C. Witthoeft, Yukikatsu Terada, Nasa Yoshioka, Edgar Canavan, Jelle Kaastra, Takao Kitaguchi, Masahiro Tsujimoto, Hideto Nakamura, Shinji Mitani, Hiroyuki Uchida, Masayoshi Nobukawa, R. Sato, Atsushi Tanimoto, Junko S. Hiraga, Keisuke Shinozaki, Yuichiro Ezoe, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Brian McLaughlin, Yasuko Shibano, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Matteo Guainazzi, Lillian Reichenthal, Yuichi Terashima, Kumi Ishikawa, Naomi Ota, Chikara Natsukari, Joseph Miko, Kiyoshi Hayashida, M. Loewenstein, Connor Martz, Tahir Yaqoob, D. Eckert, Ryuichi Fujimoto, Johannes Dercksen, Hiroshi Murakami, Hiroshi Tomida, Ken Ebisawa, Rob Wolfs, Martin Grim, Tomomi Watanabe, Marc Audard, Keisuke Sugawara, Yoh Takei, Megan E. Eckart, Takaya Ohashi, Atsushi Okamoto, Noriko Y. Yamasaki, Shin Watanabe, Yoshitomo Maeda, Shuhei Shigeto, Yoshitaka Arai, Maki Shida, Hisamitsu Awaki, Muzi Li, Takaaki Tanaka, Tadayasu Dotani, David Hawthorn, Jacco Vink, Joy Henegar-Leon, Rozenn Boissay-Malaquin, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Aya Bamba, Megumi Shidatsu, Satoru Katsuda, Liyi Gu, Kyoko Matsushita, Toru Tamagawa, F. Scott Porter, Michael J. DiPirro, Steven Kenyon, and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)

Subjects
Sun sensor, Cardinal point, Spacecraft, Robustness (computer science), Computer science, business.industry, Survivability, Control reconfiguration, Field of view, Aerospace engineering, business, Fault detection and isolation
Abstract

The X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) is the successor to the 2016 Hitomi mission that ended prematurely. Like Hitomi, the primary science goals are to examine astrophysical problems with precise highresolution X-ray spectroscopy. XRISM promises to discover new horizons in X-ray astronomy. XRISM carries a 6 x 6 pixelized X-ray micro-calorimeter on the focal plane of an X-ray mirror assembly and a co-aligned X-ray CCD camera that covers the same energy band over a large field of view. XRISM utilizes Hitomi heritage, but all designs were reviewed. The attitude and orbit control system were improved in hardware and software. The number of star sensors were increased from two to three to improve coverage and robustness in onboard attitude determination and to obtain a wider field of view sun sensor. The fault detection, isolation, and reconfiguration (FDIR) system was carefully examined and reconfigured. Together with a planned increase of ground support stations, the survivability of the spacecraft is significantly improved.

Published
2020

3. Concept of the X-ray Astronomy Recovery Mission

Author

Shinya Yamada, Laura Brenneman, Yang Soong, Eric J. Miller, Kyoko Matsushita, Katja Pottschmidt, Johannes Dercksen, Hiromi Seta, Toru Tamagawa, Keiichi Matsuzaki, Yukikatsu Terada, Edgar Canavan, Rie Sato, F. Scott Porter, Hiroshi Murakami, Yoh Takei, Kimberly D. Brown, Michael J. DiPirro, Steven Kenyon, Hiroshi Tomida, Timothy R. Kallman, Richard L. Kelley, Atsushi Okamoto, Rob Wolfs, Matteo Guainazzi, Shinya Nakashima, Kenji Hamaguchi, Shin Watanabe, Lorella Angelini, Takayoshi Kohmura, Brian R. McNamara, Thomas G. Bialas, Megumi Shidatsu, Kumi Ishikawa, Aya Kubota, Takayuki Tamura, Jon M. Miller, Mark O. Kimball, Gary A. Sneiderman, Joseph Bonafede, Yoshitaka Arai, Kosei Ishimura, Mina Ogawa, A. E. Szymkowiak, Hiroshi Nakajima, Kenichi Toda, Steve Graham, Takao Kitaguchi, Makoto Sawada, Tom Lockard, Erin Kara, Yutaka Fujita, Dean Hawes, Shin'ichiro Uno, Hideyuki Mori, Kenichiro Nigo, Jan-Willem den Herder, Randall K. Smith, Luigi C. Gallo, Chikara Natsukari, Hideto Nakamura, Makoto Yamauchi, Michitaka Onizuka, Yoshitaka Ishisaki, Thomas Walsh, Koji Mori, Peter Barfknecht, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Maria Diaz-Trigo, Manabu Ishida, Makoto Tashiro, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Satoru Katsuda, Cor P. de Vries, M. Ohno, Zhuravleva Irina, Meng P. Chiao, Aurora Simionescu, Kim Barnstable, Cailey Hegarty, Aya Bamba, Naomi Ota, Joseph Miko, M. Loewenstein, Connor Martz, Hirokazu Odaka, Ann Hornschemeier, Carlo Ferrigno, Edmund Hodges-Kluck, B. Blagojević, Liyi Gu, Masanobu Ozaki, Kenji Minesugi, Kazunori Someya, Kumiko K. Nobukawa, Junko S. Hiraga, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Shogo B. Kobayashi, Greg Brown, C. Brambora, Hiroyuki Uchida, Richard F. Mushotzky, Peter Shirron, Chris Done, Dan McCammon, Natalie Hell, Laura A. Burns, Kazunori Ishibashi, Brian J. Williams, Jaime Zabala, Brian Comber, Hironori Matsumoto, Matthew Holland, Teruaki Enoto, Stéphane Paltani, Yusuke Nishioka, Tim Carnahan, Masahiro Tsujimoto, Takayuki Hayashi, Lurli Babyk, Maki Shida, Ken Shelton, Isamu Hatsukade, Takeshi Go Tsuru, Kosuke Sato, Yoshihiro Ueda, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Yasuharu Suagawara, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Susumu Yasuda, S. Koyama, Hironori Maejima, Lia Corrales, Masayoshi Nobukawa, Yoshitomo Maeda, Yasushi Fukazawa, Hisamitsu Awaki, Takaaki Tanaka, Tadayasu Dotani, Megan E. Eckart, Takaya Ohashi, J. V. Lobell, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Noriko Y. Yamasaki, Hirofumi Noda, Lillian Reichenthal, Yuichi Terashima, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Lynette Marbley, Tahir Yaqoob, Ryuichi Fujimoto, Ken Ebisawa, Kohichi Hagino, Martin Grim, Bryan L. James, Yohko Tsuboi, Shigeo Yamauchi, Maxim Markevitch, Yuto Ichinohe, Tyrone DIllard, Nasa Yoshioka, Akio Hoshino, Hideki Uchiyama, Shunji Kitamoto, Paul P. Plucinsky, Mark Edison, Yuichiro Ezoe, Yasuko Shibano, Koji Mukai, Michael R. Wright, Ryo Iizuka, Masayuki Ohta, Keiichi Yanagase, Hiroki Akamatsu, Robert Petre, Elisa Costantini, Kazutaka Yamaoka, Maurice A. Leutenegger, Takashi Okajima, and Akihiro Furuzawa

Subjects
X-ray astronomy, Attitude control system, COSMIC cancer database, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Computer science, Energy transfer, media_common.quotation_subject, High resolution, Field of view, 01 natural sciences, Universe, 0103 physical sciences, Aerospace engineering, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Event (particle physics), media_common
Abstract

The ASTRO-H mission was designed and developed through an international collaboration of JAXA, NASA, ESA, and the CSA. It was successfully launched on February 17, 2016, and then named Hitomi. During the in-orbit verification phase, the on-board observational instruments functioned as expected. The intricate coolant and refrigeration systems for soft X-ray spectrometer (SXS, a quantum micro-calorimeter) and soft X-ray imager (SXI, an X-ray CCD) also functioned as expected. However, on March 26, 2016, operations were prematurely terminated by a series of abnormal events and mishaps triggered by the attitude control system. These errors led to a fatal event: the loss of the solar panels on the Hitomi mission. The X-ray Astronomy Recovery Mission (or, XARM) is proposed to regain the key scientific advances anticipated by the international collaboration behind Hitomi. XARM will recover this science in the shortest time possible by focusing on one of the main science goals of Hitomi,“Resolving astrophysical problems by precise high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy”.1 This decision was reached after evaluating the performance of the instruments aboard Hitomi and the mission’s initial scientific results, and considering the landscape of planned international X-ray astrophysics missions in 2020’s and 2030’s. Hitomi opened the door to high-resolution spectroscopy in the X-ray universe. It revealed a number of discrepancies between new observational results and prior theoretical predictions. Yet, the resolution pioneered by Hitomi is also the key to answering these and other fundamental questions. The high spectral resolution realized by XARM will not offer mere refinements; rather, it will enable qualitative leaps in astrophysics and plasma physics. XARM has therefore been given a broad scientific charge: “Revealing material circulation and energy transfer in cosmic plasmas and elucidating evolution of cosmic structures and objects”. To fulfill this charge, four categories of science objectives that were defined for Hitomi will also be pursued by XARM; these include (1) Structure formation of the Universe and evolution of clusters of galaxies; (2) Circulation history of baryonic matters in the Universe; (3) Transport and circulation of energy in the Universe; (4) New science with unprecedented high resolution X-ray spectroscopy. In order to achieve these scientific objectives, XARM will carry a 6 × 6 pixelized X-ray micro-calorimeter on the focal plane of an X-ray mirror assembly, and an aligned X-ray CCD camera covering the same energy band and a wider field of view. This paper introduces the science objectives, mission concept, and observing plan of XARM.

Published
2018
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4. Hitomi (ASTRO-H) X-ray Astronomy Satellite

Author

Laura Brenneman, Hironori Matsumoto, Kirk Gilmore, Takayuki Yuasa, D. Lumb, Manabu Ishida, Aurora Simionescu, Takao Nakagawa, Junichiro Katsuta, Esra Bulbul, Meng P. Chiao, Philippe Laurent, Jelle de Plaa, Hiroyuki Ogawa, Keith Arnaud, Keiji Ogi, John P. Doty, B. Ramsey, Yuzuru Tawara, C. Megan Urry, Eric D. Miller, Peter Shirron, Gregory V. Brown, Dan R. Wilkins, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Richard F. Mushotzky, Nobuyuki Kawai, Brian J. Williams, Steven W. Allen, Naoko Iyomoto, Taro Kawano, Katja Pottschmidt, Yang Soong, Tadayuki Takahashi, Yasuharu Sugawara, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Margherita Giustini, Greg Madejski, Tetsu Kitayama, Megumi Shidatsu, Hideyuki Mori, Łukasz Stawarz, Randall K. Smith, Satoshi Sugita, Norbert Schartel, James Pontius, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Eugenio Ursino, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Toshio Nakano, Satoru Katsuda, Cor P. de Vries, Adam R. Foster, Masanobu Ozaki, Kenji Minesugi, Tomomi Watanabe, Yuichi Terashima, Christopher S. Reynolds, Hiroaki Sameshima, Alex Koujelev, Naohisa Anabuki, Isamu Hatsukade, Masaharu Nomachi, Yoichi Yatsu, Yasunobu Uchiyama, Steve O' Dell, Ann Hornschemeier, Akio Hoshino, Yasuo Tanaka, M. Pohl, Kyoko Matsushita, Masahiro Tsujimoto, Hideki Uchiyama, Mark O. Kimball, Arvind Parmar, Gary A. Sneiderman, Yoshiyuki Inoue, Toru Tamagawa, Yukikatsu Terada, Shinya Nakashima, Tsuneyoshi Kamae, Dmitry Khangulyan, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Rie Sato, Aya Bamba, Roger Blandford, Kazunori Ishibashi, Shinya Saito, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Toshio Murakami, Takeda Shin'ichiro, Missagh Mehdipour, Motohide Kokubun, Masachika Iwai, Dan McCammon, Michael J. DiPirro, Marshall W. Bautz, Shunji Kitamoto, Naomi Ota, Brian R. McNamara, Frits Paerels, Stéphane Paltani, Magnus Axelsson, Edgar Canavan, Nobutaka Bando, Peter J. Serlemitsos, Shu Koyama, Felix Aharonian, Matteo Guainazzi, Joseph Miko, Masayoshi Nobukawa, Thomas G. Bialas, Koji Mori, Makoto Yamauchi, Uno Shin'ichiro, Hirokazu Odaka, Toru Sasaki, Mina Ogawa, Philipp Azzarello, Atsushi Wada, Tsuyoshi Okazaki, Ken Ebisawa, Takeshi Go Tsuru, Yoshitomo Maeda, Jon M. Miller, A. L. King, Cynthia Simmons, Hirofumi Noda, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Kazuhisa Mitsuda, Carlo Ferrigno, Hiroyasu Tajima, Kazuo Makishima, Erin Kara, Fumie Akimoto, Shigeo Kawasaki, Kumi Ishikawa, Kosuke Sato, Hiroshi Nakajima, Knox S. Long, Jun Kataoka, Keisuke Shinozaki, Kazuyuki Hirose, Keisuke Tamura, Teruaki Enoto, Yoh Takei, Yoshito Haba, Shinya Yamada, Richard L. Kelley, Yoshihiro Ueda, Megan E. Eckart, Takaya Ohashi, Shin-ichiro Sakai, Kevin R. Boyce, D. Haas, Atsushi Okamoto, Kazuhiro Sakai, Ryo Nagino, Makoto Asai, Maurice A. Leutenegger, Michael Loewenstein, Daniel R. Wik, Yohko Tsuboi, Maria Chernyakova, Shiro Ueno, Koji Mukai, Hiroshi Murakami, Takeshi Nakamori, Hiroshi Tomida, Tahir Yaqoob, Norbert Werner, Paolo Coppi, Abderahmen Zoghbi, Shin Watanabe, Kosei Ishimura, Hideyo Kunieda, Candace Masters, Yusuke Nishioka, Shigeo Yamauchi, Maxim Markevitch, Yuto Ichinohe, Andrew C. Fabian, Ryuichi Fujimoto, Kenji Hamaguchi, Liyi Gu, Edward M. Cackett, Chris Done, Junko S. Hiraga, Chris Baluta, Noriko Y. Yamasaki, Maki Shida, Makoto Tashiro, Takanobu Shimada, Yasuyuki T. Tanaka, Massimiliano Galeazzi, Ilana M. Harrus, Naoko Iwata, Timothy R. Kallman, Takuya Miyazawa, Kumiko K. Nobukawa, Madoka Kawaharada, Hisamitsu Awaki, Takaaki Tanaka, Tadayasu Dotani, Goro Sato, Ciro Pinto, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Harvey Moseley, Yoshiharu Namba, Shutaro Ueda, Masayuki Itoh, Takayoshi Kohmura, Daisuke Yonetoku, Yoshitaka Ishisaki, Hans A. Krimm, Hiromi Seta, Atsumasa Yoshida, Kouichi Hagino, Yuichiro Ezoe, Samar Safi-Harb, John P. Hughes, Daniel Maier, Hajime Inoue, Lorella Angelini, Yasuko Shibano, Frederick S. Porter, Saori Konami, Takayuki Tamura, Shin Mineshige, Peter Kretschmar, Yoichi Sato, Helen Russell, Hiroyuki Uchida, Elisa Costantini, Chikara Natsukari, Housei Nagano, Jan-Willem den Herder, Francesco Tombesi, Jelle Kaastra, Daniel S. McGuinness, Masanori Ohno, Hiroyuki Sugita, Katsuji Koyama, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Theodore Muench, Shiu-Hang Lee, Poshak Gandhi, Yasushi Fukazawa, Stefan Funk, Luigi C. Gallo, Tatsuro Kosaka, Andrea Goldwurm, Ryo Iizuka, Masayuki Ohta, Kazutaka Yamaoka, Marc Audard, Makoto Sawada, Takashi Okajima, Franco Moroso, Akihiro Furuzawa, Aya Kubota, Chris Jewell, Olivier Limousin, Takayuki Hayashi, Takao Kitaguchi, Takahiro Yamada, Hiroki Akamatsu, Andrew Szymkowiak, Robert Petre, Irina Zhuravleva, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory (CAL), Columbia University [New York], Stockholm University, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC), Stanford University [Stanford], AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Stanford University, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Space operations, X-ray telescope, microcalorimeter, 01 natural sciences, x-ray astronomy, 010309 optics, gamma-ray astronomy, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Remote sensing, [PHYS]Physics [physics], X-ray astronomy, Spacecraft, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Astronomy and Astrophysics, hard x-ray, Gamma-ray astronomy, First light, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Spacecraft system, x-ray, Space and Planetary Science, Control and Systems Engineering, gamma ray, Satellite, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

著者人数: 270名（所属. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS): 高橋, 忠幸; 国分, 紀秀; 満田, 和久; Baluta, Chris; 坂東, 信尚; 堂谷, 忠靖; 海老沢, 研; 林, 克洋; 廣瀬, 和之; 飯塚, 亮; 石田, 学; 石川, 久美; 石村, 康生; 岩井, 将親; 岩田, 直子; 河野, 太郎; 川崎, 繁男; 小山, 志勇; 前田, 良知; 峯杉, 賢治; 中川, 貴雄; 夏苅, 権; 小川, 博之; 小川, 美奈; 太田, 方之; 岡崎, 健; 尾崎, 正伸; 坂井, 真一郎; 鮫島, 寛明; 佐藤, 悟郎; 佐藤, 理江; 柴野, 靖子; 志田, 真樹; 嶋田, 貴信; Simionescu, Aurora; 菅原, 泰晴; 竹井, 洋; 田村, 隆幸; 田中, 靖郎; 田代, 信; 冨田, 洋; 辻本, 匡弘; 上田, 周太朗; 上野, 史郎; 和田, 篤始; 渡辺, 伸; 山田, 隆弘; 山崎, 典子）, Number of authors: 270 (Affiliation. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS): Takahashi, Tadayuki; Kokubun, Motohide; Mitsuda, Kazuhisa; Baluta, Chris; Bando, Nobutaka; Dotani, Tadayasu; Ebisawa, Ken; Hayashi, Katsuhiro; Hirose, Kazuyuki; Iizuka, Ryo; Ishida, Manabu; Ishikawa, Kumi; Ishimura, Kosei; Iwai, Masachika; Iwata, Naoko; Kawano, Taro; Kawasaki, Shigeo; Koyama, Shu; Maeda, Yoshitomo; Minesugi, Kenji; Nakagawa, Takao; Natsukari, Chikara; Ogawa, Hiroyuki; Ogawa, Mina; Ohta, Masayuki; Okazaki, Tsuyoshi; Ozaki, Masanobu; Sakai, Shinichiro; Sameshima, Hiroaki; Sato, Goro; Sato, Rie; Shibano, Yasuko; Shida, Maki; Shimada, Takanobu; Simionescu, Aurora; Sugawara, Yasuharu; Takei, Yoh; Tamura, Takayuki; Tanaka, Yasuo; Tashiro, Makoto; Tomida, Hiroshi; Tsujimoto, Masahiro; Ueda, Shutaro; Ueno, Shiro; Wada, Atsushi; Watanabe, Shin; Yamada, Takahiro; Yamasaki, Noriko Y.), Accepted: 2018-02-05, 資料番号: SA1170333000

Published
2018
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5. Use of a Charge-Injection Technique to Improve Performance of the Soft X-ray Imager Aboard ASTRO-H

Author

Takayoshi Kohmura, Hiroshi Murakami, Hiroshi Tomida, Makoto Yamauchi, Takaaki Tanaka, Tadayasu Dotani, Chikara Natsukari, Hiroshi Nakajima, Takeshi Go Tsuru, Masanobu Ozaki, Junko S. Hiraga, Naohisa Anabuki, Hiroyuki Uchida, Masashi Kimura, Isamu Hatsukade, Kumiko K. Nobukawa, Koji Mori, Ryo Nagino, Masayoshi Nobukawa, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Yusuke Nishioka, and Kiyoshi Hayashida

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Charge-coupled device, business.industry, P-channel CCD, Charge (physics), Alpha particle, Semiconductor device, Signal, Charged particle, X-ray, Full width at half maximum, Optics, Monochromatic color, business, Instrumentation, ASTRO-H
Abstract

著者人数: 22名, 資料番号: SA1140136000

Published
2014

6. Soft x-ray imager (SXI) onboard ASTRO-H

Author

Hiroshi Tsunemi, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Takeshi Go Tsuru, Tadayasu Dotani, Hiroshi Nakajima, Naohisa Anabuki, Ryo Nagino, Takaaki Tanaka, Hiroyuki Uchida, Masanobu Ozaki, Chikara Natsukari, Hiroshi Tomida, Shutaro Ueda, Masachika Iwai, Masayoshi Nobukawa, Junko S. Hiraga, Takayoshi Kohmura, Hiroshi Murakami, Koji Mori, Makoto Yamauchi, Isamu Hatsukade, Yusuke Nishioka, Aya Bamba, Kumiko K. Nobukawa, and John Doty

Subjects
010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences
Published
2016
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7. Vibration isolation system for cryocoolers of Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) onboard ASTRO-H (Hitomi)

Author

F. Scott Porter, Shinya Yamada, Katsuhiro Narasaki, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Kenichi Kanao, Yasuo Nakamura, Shingo Obara, James Pontius, Atsushi Wada, Yoichi Sato, Chikara Natsukari, Hiroyuki Sugita, Paul Wilke, Gary A. Sneiderman, Seiji Yoshida, Kazuhisa Mitsuda, Kosei Ishimura, John Basile, Meng P. Chiao, Mina Ogawa, Naoko Iwata, Susumu Yasuda, Megan E. Eckart, Motohide Kokubun, Taro Kawano, Noriko Y. Yamasaki, Makoto Sawada, Shoji Tsunematsu, Tadayuki Takahashi, Kiyomi Otsuka, Yoh Takei, Atsushi Okamoto, Richard L. Kelley, Kenji Minesugi, Dan McCammon, and Ryuichi Fujimoto

Subjects
Soft x ray, Materials science, Spacecraft, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Orbital mechanics, Cryocooler, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Vibration isolation, Flight model, 0103 physical sciences, Aerospace engineering, 010306 general physics, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) onboard ASTRO-H (named Hitomi after launch) is a microcalorimeter-type spectrometer, installed in a dewar to be cooled at 50 mK. The energy resolution of the SXS engineering model suffered from micro-vibration from cryocoolers mounted on the dewar. This is mitigated for the flight model by introducing vibration isolation systems between the cryocoolers and the dewar. The detector performance of the flight model was verified before launch of the spacecraft in both ambient condition and thermal-vac condition, showing no detectable degradation in energy resolution. The in-orbit performance was also consistent with that on ground, indicating that the cryocoolers were not damaged by launch environment. The design and performance of the vibration isolation system along with the mechanism of how the micro-vibration could degrade the cryogenic detector is shown.

Published
2016
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8. The ASTRO-H (Hitomi) x-ray astronomy satellite

Author

Yasuharu Sugawara, Luigi C. Gallo, Manabu Ishida, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Makoto Yamauchi, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Kazuhisa Mitsuda, Eric J. Miller, Ciro Pinto, Grzegorz Madejski, Meng P. Chiao, Yoshiharu Namba, Kumiko K. Nobukawa, Goro Sato, Harvey Moseley, Takayoshi Kohmura, Mina Ogawa, Greg Brown, Kevin R. Boyce, Missagh Mehdipour, Shutaro Ueda, Satoru Katsuda, Philipp Azzarello, Shin'ichiro Uno, Atsushi Wada, Takao Kitaguchi, Knox S. Long, Yohko Tsuboi, Nobutaka Bando, Shin-ichiro Sakai, Hajime Inoue, Masayuki Itoh, Kazuyuki Hirose, Norbert Werner, Fumie Akimoto, Timothy R. Kallman, Shigeo Yamauchi, Maxim Markevitch, Yuto Ichinohe, Naohisa Anabuki, Satoshi Sugita, Yoshiyuki Inoue, Olivier Limousin, Meg Urry, Kouichi Hagino, Akio Hoshino, Kumi Ishikawa, Cor P. de Vries, Teruaki Enoto, Yasuo Tanaka, M. Pohl, Masanobu Ozaki, Kenji Minesugi, Peter Shirron, Maurice A. Leutenegger, Koji Mori, Hideki Uchiyama, Yukikatsu Terada, D. Haas, Keith A. Arnaud, Masanori Ohno, Christopher S. Reynolds, Hiromi Seta, Yusuke Nishioka, Carlo Ferrigno, Edgar Canavan, Katsuji Koyama, Daniel R. Wik, Shunji Kitamoto, Keisuke Shinozaki, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Dan McCammon, David H. Lumb, Kyoko Matsushita, Hiroyuki Uchida, John P. Hughes, Daniel Maier, Lorella Angelini, Taro Kawano, Cynthia Simmons, Shiro Ueno, Koji Mukai, Abderahmen Zoghbi, Makoto Asai, Toru Tamagawa, Rie Sato, Keisuke Tamura, Yuzuru Tawara, Łukasz Stawarz, Motohide Kokubun, Hiroshi Murakami, Hiroshi Tomida, F. Scott Porter, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Michael J. DiPirro, Richard F. Mushotzky, Nobuyuki Kawai, Brian J. Williams, Richard L. Kelley, Hirokazu Odaka, Matteo Guainazzi, Kazuo Makishima, Yuichiro Ezoe, Takahiro Yamada, Hiroki Akamatsu, Andrew Szymkowiak, Philippe Laurent, James Pontius, Yasunobu Uchiyama, Tetsu Kitayama, Megumi Shidatsu, Felix Aharonian, Shigeo Kawasaki, Takanobu Shimada, Laura Brenneman, Toru Sasaki, Isamu Hatsukade, A. L. King, Takuya Miyazawa, Toshio Nakano, Atsumasa Yoshida, Robert Petre, Shinya Yamada, Stéphane Paltani, Eugenio Ursino, Adam R. Foster, Takayuki Hayashi, Shiu-Hang Lee, Toshio Murakami, Chris Done, Takeshi Nakamori, Kazuhiro Sakai, Ryo Nagino, Yuichi Terashima, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Michael Loewenstein, Shin Mineshige, Peter Kretschmar, John P. Doty, Candace Masters, Yoichi Sato, Junko S. Hiraga, Magnus Axelsson, Kenji Hamaguchi, Marshall W. Bautz, Junichiro Katsuta, Hiroaki Sameshima, Ilana M. Harrus, Thomas G. Bialas, Elisa Costantini, Daniel S. McGuinness, Yoichi Yatsu, Kazutaka Yamaoka, Naoko Iwata, Mark O. Kimball, Arvind Parmar, Yasuko Shibano, Norbert Schartel, Helen Russell, Gary A. Sneiderman, Steve Allen, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Makoto Sawada, Megan E. Eckart, Takaya Ohashi, Dmitry Khangulyan, Kosei Ishimura, Tatsuro Kosaka, Andrea Goldwurm, Takashi Okajima, Hirofumi Noda, Franco Moroso, F. B. S. Paerels, Hiroyuki Sugita, Alex Koujelev, Masaharu Nomachi, Tomomi Watanabe, Marc Audard, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Hideyo Kunieda, Keiji Ogi, Akihiro Furuzawa, Brian D. Ramsey, Masayoshi Nobukawa, Shinya Saito, Poshak Gandhi, Yasushi Fukazawa, Liyi Gu, Peter J. Serlemitsos, Noriko Y. Yamasaki, Tsuyoshi Okazaki, Takeshi Go Tsuru, Kosuke Sato, Aya Kubota, Chris Jewell, Yoshitomo Maeda, Yoshihiro Ueda, Shinya Nakashima, Irina Zhuravleva, Andrew C. Fabian, Tahir Yaqoob, Housei Nagano, Erin Kara, Brian R. McNamara, Naomi Ota, Shu Koyama, Joseph Miko, Madoka Kawaharada, Hisamitsu Awaki, Steve O'Dell, Takaaki Tanaka, Hironori Matsumoto, Tadayasu Dotani, Ken Ebisawa, Dan R. Wilkins, Hiroyasu Tajima, Yasuyuki T. Tanaka, Massimiliano Galeazzi, Chikara Natsukari, Jan-Willem den Herder, Tadayuki Takahashi, Francois Lebrun, Hiroshi Nakajima, Yoh Takei, Hideyuki Mori, Yoshito Haba, Jun Kataoka, Randall K. Smith, Atsushi Okamoto, Maria Chernyakova, Shin Watanabe, Edward M. Cackett, Shin'ichiro Takeda, Takayuki Tamura, Francesco Tombesi, Jelle Kaastra, Maki Shida, Chris Baluta, Kirk Gilmore, Aurora Simionescu, Ann Hornschemeier, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Jelle de Plaa, Naoko Iyomoto, Atsushi Harayama, Aya Bamba, Katja Pottschmidt, Roger Blandford, Kazunori Ishibashi, Makoto Tashiro, Esra Bulbul, Yang Soong, Paolo De Coppi, Daisuke Yonetoku, Yoshitaka Ishisaki, Hans A. Krimm, Samar Safi-Harb, Masahiro Tsujimoto, Ryuichi Fujimoto, Takao Nakagawa, Hiroyuki Ogawa, Margherita Giustini, Tuneyoshi Kamae, Takayuki Yuasa, Ryo Iizuka, Masayuki Ohta, Jon M. Miller, and Theodore Muench

Subjects
Physics, X-ray astronomy, Spacecraft, business.industry, Astronomy, High resolution, First light, Gamma-ray astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Spacecraft system, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, Satellite, 010306 general physics, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

The Hitomi (ASTRO-H) mission is the sixth Japanese X-ray astronomy satellite developed by a large international collaboration, including Japan, USA, Canada, and Europe. The mission aimed to provide the highest energy resolution ever achieved at E > 2 keV, using a microcalorimeter instrument, and to cover a wide energy range spanning four decades in energy from soft X-rays to gamma-rays. After a successful launch on 2016 February 17, the spacecraft lost its function on 2016 March 26, but the commissioning phase for about a month provided valuable information on the on-board instruments and the spacecraft system, including astrophysical results obtained from first light observations. The paper describes the Hitomi (ASTRO-H) mission, its capabilities, the initial operation, and the instruments/spacecraft performances confirmed during the commissioning operations for about a month.

Published
2016

9. The Soft X-ray Imager (SXI) for the ASTRO-H Mission

Author

Hiroshi Murakami, Hiroshi Tomida, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Ryo Nagino, Isamu Hatukade, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Masayoshi Nobukawa, Chikara Natsukari, Takaaki Tanaka, Tadayasu Dotani, Koji Mori, John P. Doty, Yusuke Nishioka, Aya Bamba, Masanobu Ozaki, Hiroyuki Uchida, Makoto Yamauchi, Naohisa Anabuki, Shutaro Ueda, Masashi Kimura, Junko S. Hiraga, Takayoshi Kohmura, Takeshi Go Tsuru, and Hiroshi Nakajima

Subjects
Physics, Soft x ray, Optics, Depletion region, Ccd camera, Observatory, business.industry, Satellite, Cosmic ray, Radiation, Orbital mechanics, business, Remote sensing
Abstract

The Soft X-ray Imager (SXI) is an X-ray CCD camera onboard the ASTRO-H X-ray observatory. The CCD chip used is a P-channel back-illuminated type, and has a 200-µm thick depletion layer, with which the SXI covers the energy range between 0.4 keV and 12 keV. Its imaging area has a size of 31 mm x 31 mm. We arrange four of the CCD chips in a 2 by 2 grid so that we can cover a large field-of-view of 38’ x 38’. We cool the CCDs to -120 °C with a single-stage Stirling cooler. As was done for the CCD camera of the Suzaku satellite, XIS, artificial charges are injected to selected rows in order to recover charge transfer inefficiency due to radiation damage caused by in-orbit cosmic rays. We completed fabrication of flight models of the SXI and installed them into the satellite. We verified the performance of the SXI in a series of satellite tests. On-ground calibrations were also carried out and detailed studies are ongoing.

Published
2015
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10. Developments of engineering model of the X-ray CCD camera of the MAXI experiment onboard the International Space Station

Author

Tomoyuki Kamazuka, Kenji Hamaguchi, Shiro Ueno, H. Tomida, Isao Tanaka, Daisuke Akutsu, Emi Miyata, Hirohiko Kouno, Masaru Matsuoka, Hiroshi Tsunemi, and Chikara Natsukari

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Detector, X-ray detector, Proportional counter, Field of view, Optics, Observatory, International Space Station, Charge-coupled device, business, Instrumentation, Dark current
Abstract

MAXI, Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image, is an X-ray observatory on the Japanese Experimental Module (JEM) Exposed Facility (EF) on the International Space Station (ISS). MAXI is a slit scanning camera which consists of two kinds of X-ray detectors: one is a one-dimensional position-sensitive proportional counter with a total area of ∼5000 cm 2 , the Gas Slit Camera (GSC), and the other is an X-ray CCD array with a total area ∼200 cm 2 , the Solid-state Slit Camera (SSC). The GSC subtends a field of view with an angular dimension of 1°×180° while the SSC subtends a field of view with an angular dimension of 1° times a little less than 180°. In the course of one station orbit, MAXI can scan almost the entire sky with a precision of 1° and with an X-ray energy range 0.5– 30 keV . We have developed an engineering model (EM) for all components of the SSC. Their performance test is underway. We have also developed several kinds of CCDs fabricated from different wafers. Since the thermal condition of the ISS is not suitable for the CCD operation, the operating temperature of the CCD is estimated to be −85° to −50°C at the end of mission life. We therefore carefully need to choose CCD considering not only detection efficiency and readout noise but also the dark current. Here we report the current status of the EM of the SSC and the X-ray responsivity of CCDs.

Published
2002
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11. Design of the time assignment system for ASTRO-H and its performance before launch

Author

Satoko Kawakami, Lorella Angelini, Masanobu Ozaki, Takashi Kominato, Makoto Tashiro, Taku Inoue, Susumu Kumagai, Kazuyo Mizushima, Tomomi Kouzu, Yukikatsu Terada, Yoshitaka Ishisaki, Sunao Yamaguchi, Hiroki Hihara, Masaru Kasahara, Mina Ogawa, Tadayuki Takahashi, Motohide Kokubun, Shigenobu Sugimoto, Tadayasu Dotani, Hiroaki Mine, Souhei Nakaya, Kaori Iwase, Chikara Natsukari, and M. C. Witthoeft

Subjects
Scientific instrument, Physics, Payload, business.industry, Real-time computing, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Propagation delay, SpaceWire, Software, Assisted GPS, Calibration, Satellite, business, Simulation
Abstract

The ASTRO-H, which will be launched in 2015, is the sixth in a series of Japanese X-ray satellites. It is an international mission led by JAXA in collaboration with NASA and ESA, aiming to observe astrophysical objects in the X-ray band from 0.5 to 600 keV. One of the important scientific goals is to understand physical processes in the extreme environments of active and variable astrophysical objects, such as black holes, neutron stars, binary star, and active galactic nuclei. Therefore, a fast timing capability is a key requirement for the mission. According to numerical estimates of scientific performance, absolute times of X-ray events are required to have an accuracy of 300 µs to achieve minimum scientific goals and an accuracy of 30 µs is desired as a goal. The satellite carries a GPS receiver to get the accurate time information, which is distributed from the central computer on board through the large-and-complex SpaceWire network. Distributions of time information are shared in the same lines used for communications of telemetry and commands, and thus propagation delays and jitters affect the timing accuracy of the payload instruments. Further six items are identified as sources of timing errors and are measured on ground to be used in the calibration by off-line software. The time-assignment tasks in the off-line software packages are designed to be common for all the scientific instruments, although the hardware designs for finer timing resolutions are different by the instruments. Measurements of propagation delays in the flight configuration on ground and in-orbit calibration plans are described. The detail description will be submitted to the IEEE TNS paper in near future. This work demonstrates a good example of care points for space-use instruments in the hardware-and-software designs and calibration measurements in order to achieve a fine timing resolution at the micro second order with the middle-sized satellites using the SpaceWire (IEEE1355) network.

Published
2014
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12. Soft X-ray Imager (SXI) onboard ASTRO-H

Author

Hiroyuki Uchida, Takaaki Tanaka, Takeshi Go Tsuru, M. Ozaki, Makoto Yamauchi, Ryo Nagino, Isamu Hatsukade, Masachika Iwai, Yusuke Nishioka, Naohisa Anabuki, Kumiko K. Nobukawa, Shutaro Ueda, Masayoshi Nobukawa, Hiroshi Nakajima, Tukasa Takeyoshi, T. Kohmura, Koji Mori, Tadayasu Dotani, Aya Bamba, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Masashi Kimura, Junko S. Hiraga, Keisuke Kondo, Chikara Natsukari, Hiroshi Murakami, Hiroshi Tomida, John P. Doty, and Shuhei Katada

Subjects
Physics, Optics, Transmission (telecommunications), Ccd camera, Filter (video), business.industry, Resolution (electron density), Calibration, Linearity, Satellite, business, Energy (signal processing), Remote sensing
Abstract

Soft X-ray Imager (SXI) is a CCD camera onboard the ASTRO-H satellite which is scheduled to be launched in 2015. The SXI camera contains four CCD chips, each with an imaging area of 31mm x 31 mm, arrayed in mosaic, covering the whole FOV area of 38′ x 38′. The CCDs are a P-channel back-illuminated (BI) type with a depletion layer thickness of 200 _m. High QE of 77% at 10 keV expected for this device is an advantage to cover an overlapping energy band with the Hard X-ray Imager (HXI) onboard ASTRO-H. Most of the flight components of the SXI system are completed until the end of 2013 and assembled, and an end-to-end test is performed. Basic performance is verified to meet the requirements. Similar performance is confirmed in the first integration test of the satellite performed in March to June 2014, in which the energy resolution at 5.9 keV of 160 eV is obtained. In parallel to these activities, calibrations using engineering model CCDs are performed, including QE, transmission of a filter, linearity, and response profiles.

Published
2014
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13. The ASTRO-H X-ray astronomy satellite

Author

Hironori Matsumoto, Yasuharu Sugawara, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Steve Allen, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, James Pontius, Luigi C. Gallo, Dmitry Khangulyan, Hiroyuki Uchida, Yuichi Terashima, Yoichi Yatsu, Kazutaka Yamaoka, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Makoto Sawada, Peter Shirron, Hirofumi Noda, Andrew C. Fabian, Nicholas E. White, Brian R. McNamara, Dan R. Wilkins, Franco Moroso, Maxim Markevitch, Tadayuki Takahashi, Shin Mineshige, Peter J. Serlemitsos, Stephanie M. LaMassa, Tahir Yaqoob, Richard Mushotzky, Satoshi Sugita, Akihiro Furuzawa, Philipp Azzarello, Atsushi Wada, Yoh Takei, Yoshito Haba, Jun Kataoka, Daisuke Yonetoku, Yoshitaka Ishisaki, Helen Russell, Satoru Katsuda, Hiroaki Takahashi, Knox S. Long, Shinya Nakashima, Meg Urry, Housei Nagano, Chris Baluta, Atsushi Okamoto, Maria Chernyakova, Shin Watanabe, Randall K. Smith, Hans A. Krimm, Samar Safi-Harb, Yuichiro Ezoe, Tsuyoshi Okazaki, Takeshi Go Tsuru, Hiroshi Nakajima, Shin-ichiro Sakai, Katja Pottschmidt, Timothy R. Kallman, Stefan Funk, Kosuke Sato, Naomi Ota, Chikara Natsukari, Kazuo Makishima, Ken Ebisawa, Yasuyuki T. Tanaka, Massimiliano Galeazzi, Tatsuro Kosaka, Mina Ogawa, Jan-Willem den Herder, Atsumasa Yoshida, Joseph Miko, Chris Done, Shin'ichiro Uno, Kosei Ishimura, Hideyuki Mori, Takeshi Nakamori, H. Sameshima, Edward M. Cackett, Francesco Tombesi, Jelle Kaastra, Naoko Iyomoto, Kumi Ishikawa, Takashi Okajima, Yoshihiro Ueda, Hiroyasu Tajima, Mark O. Kimball, Arvind Parmar, Yasuko Shibano, Ryo Iizuka, Masayuki Ohta, Gary A. Sneiderman, Thomas G. Bialas, Toshio Murakami, Masanori Ohno, Christopher S. Reynolds, Masashi Kimura, Yoshiyuki Inoue, Masayuki Ito, Masayoshi Nobukawa, Marshall W. Bautz, Atsushi Harayama, Olivier Limousin, Naohisa Anabuki, Taro Kawano, Maki Shida, Martin Pohl, Saori Konami, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Aya Kubota, Chris Jewell, Yoshitomo Maeda, Steve O' Dell, Yukikatsu Terada, Keiji Ogi, Masanobu Ozaki, Kenji Minesugi, Takahiro Yamada, Edgar Canavan, Hiroki Akamatsu, Katsuji Koyama, Tomomi Watanabe, Marc Audard, Andrew Szymkowiak, Eric J. Miller, Ciro Pinto, Irina Zhuravleva, Shigeo Kawasaki, Jon M. Miller, Grzegorz Madejski, Makoto Tashiro, Ann Hornschemeier, Robert Petre, Koji Mori, Yasunobu Uchiyama, David H. Lumb, Brian D. Ramsey, Alex Koujelev, Shin'ichiro Takeda, Keisuke Shinozaki, Una Hwang, D. Haas, Shiro Ueno, Koji Mukai, Theodore Muench, Shinya Yamada, Masaharu Nomachi, Hiroshi Murakami, Kirk Gilmore, Keith A. Arnaud, Yoichi Sato, Kyoko Matsushita, Yoshiharu Namba, Takuya Miyazawa, Claudio Ricci, Teruaki Enoto, Masahiro Tsujimoto, Ryuichi Fujimoto, Dan McCammon, Daniel S. McGuinness, Abderahmen Zoghbi, Carlo Ferrigno, Motohide Kokubun, Stéphane Paltani, Elisa Costantini, Hiroshi Tomida, Maurice A. Leutenegger, Laura Brenneman, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Keisuke Tamura, Aurora Simionescu, Toru Tamagawa, Paolo De Coppi, Hiroyuki Sugita, Rie Sato, F. Scott Porter, Yusuke Nishioka, Franccois Lebrun, Takanobu Shimada, Yuzuru Tawara, Takayoshi Kohmura, Makoto Yamauchi, Shinya Saito, Jelle de Plaa, Michael J. DiPirro, Poshak Gandhi, Yasushi Fukazawa, Richard L. Kelley, Hirokazu Odaka, Nobuyuki Kawai, Junko S. Hiraga, Frits Paerels, Hiromi Seta, Takao Nakagawa, Rubens Reis, Tetsu Kitayama, Manabu Ishida, Cor P. de Vries, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Kazuhisa Mitsuda, Akio Hoshino, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Felix Aharonian, Matteo Guainazzi, Meng P. Chiao, Eugenio Ursino, Adam R. Foster, John ZuHone, Hiroyuki Ogawa, John P. Doty, Takayuki Hayashi, Yasuo Tanaka, Junichiro Katsuta, Madoka Kawaharada, Hisamitsu Awaki, Kevin R. Boyce, John P. Hughes, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Ryo Nagino, Lorella Angelini, Philippe Laurent, Michael Loewenstein, Tuneyoshi Kamae, Yang Soong, Takaaki Tanaka, Tadayasu Dotani, Candace Masters, Aya Bamba, Kenji Hamaguchi, Roger Blandford, Kazunori Ishibashi, Takayuki Yuasa, Hideki Uchiyama, Takayuki Tamura, Kazuyuki Hirose, Naoko Iwata, Shunji Kitamoto, Goro Sato, Greg Brown, Shutaro Ueda, Megan E. Eckart, Cynthia Simmons, Takaya Ohashi, Hideyo Kunieda, Lukasz Stawarz, Yohko Tsuboi, Norbert Werner, Fumie Akimoto, Shigeo Yamauchi, Noriko Y. Yamasaki, Nobutaka Bando, Isamu Hatsukade, Caroline A. Kilbourne, and Makoto Asai

Subjects
Physics, Astronautics, X-ray astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, gamma radiation, Dark matter, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, x-rays, x-ray astronomy, Redshift, Gravitation, satellites, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, spectral resolution, Satellite, equipment and services, Spectral resolution, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, galaxy groups and clusters, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Galaxy cluster
Abstract

The joint JAXA/NASA ASTRO-H mission is the sixth in a series of highly successful X-ray missions developed by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), with a planned launch in 2015. The ASTRO-H mission is equipped with a suite of sensitive instruments with the highest energy resolution ever achieved at E > 3 keV and a wide energy range spanning four decades in energy from soft X-rays to gamma-rays. The simultaneous broad band pass, coupled with the high spectral resolution of Delta E < 7 eV of the micro-calorimeter, will enable a wide variety of important science themes to be pursued. ASTRO-H is expected to provide breakthrough results in scientific areas as diverse as the large-scale structure of the Universe and its evolution, the behavior of matter in the gravitational strong field regime, the physical conditions in sites of cosmic-ray acceleration, and the distribution of dark matter in galaxy clusters at different redshifts., 24 pages, 18 figures, Proceedings of the SPIE Astronomical Instrumentation "Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray"

Published
2014
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14. Soft x-ray imager onboard ASTRO-H

Author

Takaaki Tanaka, Makoto Yamauchi, Hiroshi Nakajima, Koji Mori, Takeshi Go Tsuru, Aya Bamba, Tadayasu Dotani, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Hiroshi Murakami, Hiroshi Tomida, M. Ozaki, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Junko S. Hiraga, Takayoshi Kohmura, Isamu Hatsukade, and Chikara Natsukari

Subjects
Physics, Optics, Calorimeter (particle physics), business.industry, Resolution (electron density), Detector, X-ray detector, Satellite, Field of view, Orbital mechanics, business, Radiation hardening
Abstract

The Soft X-ray Imager, SXI, is an X-ray CCD camera onboard the ASTRO-H satellite to be launched in 2015. ASTRO-H will carry two types of soft X-ray detector. The X-ray calorimeter, SXS, has an excellent energy resolution with a narrow field of view while the SXI has a medium energy resolution with a large field of view, 38′ square. We employ 4 CCDs of P-channel type with a depletion layer of 200 μm. Having passed the CDR, we assemble the FM so that we can join the final assembly. We present here the SXI status and its expected performance in orbit.

Published
2013
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15. In-orbit performance of the soft X-ray imaging system aboard Hitomi (ASTRO-H).

Author

Hiroshi NAKAJIMA, Yoshitomo MAEDA, Hiroyuki UCHIDA, Takaaki TANAKA, Hiroshi TSUNEMI, Kiyoshi HAYASHIDA, TSURU, Takeshi G., Tadayasu DOTANI, Ryo NAGINO, Shota INOUE, Masanobu OZAKI, Hiroshi TOMIDA, Chikara NATSUKARI, Shutaro UEDA, Koji MORI, Makoto YAMAUCHI, Isamu HATSUKADE, Yusuke NISHIOKA, Miho SAKATA, and Tatsuhiko BEPPU

Subjects
X-ray imaging, SPECTRAL imaging, PULSARS, ENERGY bands, GALAXIES
Abstract

We describe the in-orbit performance of the soft X-ray imaging system consisting of the Soft X-ray Telescope and the Soft X-ray Imager aboard Hitomi. Verification and calibration of imaging and spectroscopic performance are carried out, making the best use of the limited data of less than three weeks. Basic performance, including a large field of view of 38' × 38', is verified with the first-light image of the Perseus cluster of galaxies. Amongst the small number of observed targets, the on-minus-off pulse image for the out-of-time events of the Crab pulsar enables us tomeasure the half-power diameter of the telescope as ~1. '3. The average energy resolution measured with the onboard calibration source events at 5.89 keV is 179±3 eV in full width at half maximum. Light leak and crosstalk issues affected the effective exposure time and the effective area, respectively, because all the observations were performed before optimizing an observation schedule and the parameters for the dark-level calculation. Screening the data affected by these two issues, we measure the background level to be 5.6 × 10-6 counts s-1 arcmin-2 cm-2 in the energy band of 5-12 keV, which is seven times lower than that of the Suzaku XIS-BI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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16. The ASTRO-H X-ray Observatory

Author

Tadayuki Takahashi, Kazuhisa Mitsuda, Richard Kelley, Henri Aarts, Felix Aharonian, Hiroki Akamatsu, Fumie Akimoto, Steve Allen, Naohisa Anabuki, Lorella Angelini, Keith Arnaud, Makoto Asai, Marc Audard, Hisamitsu Awaki, Philipp Azzarello, Chris Baluta, Aya Bamba, Nobutaka Bando, Mark Bautz, Roger Blandford, Kevin Boyce, Greg Brown, Ed Cackett, Mara Chernyakova, Paolo Coppi, Elisa Costantini, Jelle de Plaa, Jan-Willem den Herder, Michael DiPirro, Chris Done, Tadayasu Dotani, John Doty, Ken Ebisawa, Megan Eckart, Teruaki Enoto, Yuichiro Ezoe, Andrew Fabian, Carlo Ferrigno, Adam Foster, Ryuichi Fujimoto, Yasushi Fukazawa, Stefan Funk, Akihiro Furuzawa, Massimiliano Galeazzi, Luigi Gallo, Poshak Gandhi, Keith Gendreau, Kirk Gilmore, Daniel Haas, Yoshito Haba, Kenji Hamaguchi, Isamu Hatsukade, Takayuki Hayashi, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Junko Hiraga, Kazuyuki Hirose, Ann Hornschemeier, Akio Hoshino, John Hughes, Una Hwang, Ryo Iizuka, Yoshiyuki Inoue, Kazunori Ishibashi, Manabu Ishida, Kosei Ishimura, Yoshitaka Ishisaki, Masayuki Ito, Naoko Iwata, Naoko Iyomoto, Jelle Kaastra, Timothy Kallman, Tuneyoshi Kamae, Jun Kataoka, Satoru Katsuda, Hajime Kawahara, Madoka Kawaharada, Nobuyuki Kawai, Shigeo Kawasaki, Dmitry Khangaluyan, Caroline Kilbourne, Masashi Kimura, Kenzo Kinugasa, Shunji Kitamoto, Tetsu Kitayama, Takayoshi Kohmura, Motohide Kokubun, Tatsuro Kosaka, Alex Koujelev, Katsuji Koyama, Hans Krimm, Aya Kubota, Hideyo Kunieda, Stephanie LaMassa, Philippe Laurent, Francois Lebrun, Maurice Leutenegger, Olivier Limousin, Michael Loewenstein, Knox Long, David Lumb, Grzegorz Madejski, Yoshitomo Maeda, Kazuo Makishima, Genevieve Marchand, Maxim Markevitch, Hironori Matsumoto, Kyoko Matsushita, Dan McCammon, Brian McNamara, Jon Miller, Eric Miller, Shin Mineshige, Kenji Minesugi, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Takuya Miyazawa, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Hideyuki Mori, Koji Mori, Koji Mukai, Toshio Murakami, Hiroshi Murakami, Richard Mushotzky, Hosei Nagano, Ryo Nagino, Takao Nakagawa, Hiroshi Nakajima, Takeshi Nakamori, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Yoshiharu Namba, Chikara Natsukari, Yusuke Nishioka, Masayoshi Nobukawa, Masaharu Nomachi, Steve O'Dell, Hirokazu Odaka, Hiroyuki Ogawa, Mina Ogawa, Keiji Ogi, Takaya Ohashi, Masanori Ohno, Masayuki Ohta, Takashi Okajima, Atsushi Okamoto, Tsuyoshi Okazaki, Naomi Ota, Masanobu Ozaki, Fritzs Paerels, Stéphane Paltani, Arvind Parmar, Robert Petre, Martin Pohl, F. Scott Porter, Brian Ramsey, Rubens Reis, Christopher Reynolds, Helen Russell, Samar Safi-Harb, Shin-ichiro Sakai, Hiroaki Sameshima, Jeremy Sanders, Goro Sato, Rie Sato, Yohichi Sato, Kosuke Sato, Makoto Sawada, Peter Serlemitsos, Hiromi Seta, Yasuko Shibano, Maki Shida, Takanobu Shimada, Keisuke Shinozaki, Peter Shirron, Aurora Simionescu, Cynthia Simmons, Randall Smith, Gary Sneiderman, Yang Soong, Lukasz Stawarz, Yasuharu Sugawara, Hiroyuki Sugita, Satoshi Sugita, Andrew Szymkowiak, Hiroyasu Tajima, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Shin-ichiro Takeda, Yoh Takei, Toru Tamagawa, Takayuki Tamura, Keisuke Tamura, Takaaki Tanaka, Yasuo Tanaka, Makoto Tashiro, Yuzuru Tawara, Yukikatsu Terada, Yuichi Terashima, Francesco Tombesi, Hiroshi Tomida, Yohko Tsuboi, Masahiro Tsujimoto, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Takeshi Tsuru, Hiroyuki Uchida, Yasunobu Uchiyama, Hideki Uchiyama, Yoshihiro Ueda, Shiro Ueno, Shinichiro Uno, Meg Urry, Eugenio Ursino, Cor de Vries, Atsushi Wada, Shin Watanabe, Norbert Werner, Nicholas White, Takahiro Yamada, Shinya Yamada, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Noriko Yamasaki, Shigeo Yamauchi, Makoto Yamauchi, Yoichi Yatsu, Daisuke Yonetoku, Atsumasa Yoshida, and Takayuki Yuasa

Subjects
Physics, Spectrometer, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, X-ray, Imaging spectrometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Cardinal point, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, law, Observatory, Spectral resolution, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

The joint JAXA/NASA ASTRO-H mission is the sixth in a series of highly successful X-ray missions initiated by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). ASTRO-H will investigate the physics of the high-energy universe via a suite of four instruments, covering a very wide energy range, from 0.3 keV to 600 keV. These instruments include a high-resolution, high-throughput spectrometer sensitive over 0.3-2 keV with high spectral resolution of Delta E < 7 eV, enabled by a micro-calorimeter array located in the focal plane of thin-foil X-ray optics; hard X-ray imaging spectrometers covering 5-80 keV, located in the focal plane of multilayer-coated, focusing hard X-ray mirrors; a wide-field imaging spectrometer sensitive over 0.4-12 keV, with an X-ray CCD camera in the focal plane of a soft X-ray telescope; and a non-focusing Compton-camera type soft gamma-ray detector, sensitive in the 40-600 keV band. The simultaneous broad bandpass, coupled with high spectral resolution, will enable the pursuit of a wide variety of important science themes., 22 pages, 17 figures, Proceedings of the SPIE Astronomical Instrumentation "Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray"

Published
2012

17. Soft x-ray imager (SXI) onboard ASTRO-H

Author

Kiyoshi Hayashida, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Takeshi Go Tsuru, Tadayasu Dotani, Hiroshi Nakajima, Naohisa Anabuki, Masanobu Ozaki, Chikara Natsukari, Junko S. Hiraga, Hiroshi Tomida, Takayoshi Kohmura, Hiroshi Murakami, Koji Mori, Makoto Yamauchi, Isamu Hatsukade, Yusuke Nishioka, Aya Bamba, Hiroyuki Uchida, Masayoshi Nobukawa, Takaaki Tanaka, Ryo Nagino, Shutaro Ueda, Takahisa Fujinaga, Keiko Matsuta, Takao Ohnishi, and John P. Doty

Published
2012
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18. Development of the data acquisition system for the x-ray CCD camera (SXI) onboard ASTRO-H

Author

K. Matsuta, Shoichi Aoyama, Taku Murayoshi, Masanobu Ozaki, Hiroyuki Uchida, Takao Ohnishi, Tatsuo Watanabe, Naohisa Anabuki, Kazuma Shimizu, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Takahisa Fujinaga, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Chikara Natsukari, Tadayasu Dotani, Shoma Ikeda, Koji Mori, Shutaro Ueda, Hiroshi Nakajima, Shoji Komatsu, Hidenori Kawano, Junko S. Hiraga, and Masachika Iwai

Subjects
Physics, Printed circuit board, Optics, Data acquisition, business.industry, Frame (networking), Satellite, Electronics, Breadboard, business, Energy (signal processing), SpaceWire, Remote sensing
Abstract

We present the development of the data acquisition system for the X-ray CCD camera (SXI: Soft X-ray Imager) onboard the ASTRO-H satellite. Two types of breadboard models (BBMs) of SXI electronics have been produced to verify the functions of each circuit board and to establish the data acquisition system from CCD to SpaceWire (SpW) I/F. Using BBM0, we verified the basic design of the CCD driver, function of the Δ∑-ADC, data acquisition of the frame image, and stability of the SpW communication. We could demonstrate the energy resolution of 164 eV (FWHM) at 5.9 keV. Using BBM1, we verified acquisition of the housekeeping information and the frame images.

Published
2011
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19. Development of the soft x-ray imager (SXI) for ASTRO-H

Author

Koji Mori, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Tadayasu Dotani, K. Matsuta, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Makoto Yamauchi, Takao Ohnishi, Hiroyuki Uchida, Shutaro Ueda, Takahisa Fujinaga, Isamu Hatsukade, Junko S. Hiraga, Masayoshi Nobukawa, Takayoshi Kohmura, Chikara Natsukari, Naohisa Anabuki, Hiroshi Murakami, Hiroshi Tomida, Aya Bamba, Masanobu Ozaki, John P. Doty, Takeshi Go Tsuru, and Hiroshi Nakajima

Subjects
Digital electronics, Physics, Soft x ray, Optics, Analogue electronics, Ccd camera, business.industry, Flight model, Satellite, business, Noise (electronics), Remote sensing
Abstract

Soft X-ray Imager (SXI) is a CCD camera onboard the ASTRO-H satellite which is scheduled to be launched in 2014. The SXI camera contains four CCD chips, each with an imaing aread of 31mmx31 mm, arrayed in mosaic, which cover the whole FOV area of 38'x38'. The SXI CCD of which model name is HPK Pch-NeXT4 is a P-channel type, back-illuminated, fully depleted device with a thickness of 200μm. We have developed an engineering model of the SXI camera body with coolers, and analog electronics for them. Combined with the bread board digital electronics, we succeeded in operation the whole the SXI system. The CCDs are cooled down to -120°C with this system, and X-rays from 55Fe sources are detected. Although optimization of the system is in progress, the energy resolution of typical 200 eV and best 156 eV (FWHM) at 5.9 keV are obtained. The readout noise is 10 e- to 15 e-, and to be improved its goal value of 5 e-. On-going function tests and environment tests reveal some issues to be solved until the producntion of the SXI flight model in 2012.

Published
2011
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20. Alignment performance of scientific instruments mounted on ASTRO-H (Hitomi)

Author

Hiroyuki Kajiura, Daisuke Nakayama, Jun Kurihara, Kosei Ishimura, Manabu Ishida, Ryo Iizuka, Kenji Minesugi, Masaaki Tsushima, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Osamu Maeda, Naoko Iwata, Atsushi Wada, Takahiro Yumoto, Yukari Ono, Kiyotaka Tachikawa, Mitsuhisa Baba, Mizuho Ikeda, Takayuki Yuasa, Taro Kawano, Kazuhiro Abe, Kazunori Shoji, Shin Watanabe, Kazuro Matsumoto, Shiro Ueno, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Kuniyuki Omagari, Akira Kito, Chikara Natsukari, Takahito Amanuma, Yuhei Hayasaka, Tadayuki Takahashi, Takashi Sasaki, Ken Goto, and Takayuki Hayashi

Subjects
Scientific instrument, Engineering, business.industry, Aerospace engineering, business
Published
2016
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22. Soft X-ray Imager aboard Hitomi (ASTRO-H).

Author

Takaaki Tanaka, Hiroyuki Uchida, Hiroshi Nakajima, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Takeshi Go Tsuru, Tadayasu Dotani, Ryo Nagino, Shota Inoue, Shuhei Katada, Ryosaku Washino, Masanobu Ozaki, Hiroshi Tomida, Chikara Natsukari, Shutaro Ueda, Masachika Iwai, Koji Mori, Makoto Yamauchi, Isamu Hatsukade, and Yusuke Nishioka

Published
2018
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23. Subpixel spatial resolution of the x-ray CCD based on the charge cloud shape

Author

Hiroshi Tsunemi, Junko Hiraga, Emi Miyata, Daisuke Akutsu, and Chikara Natsukari

Subjects
Physics, Photon, Pixel, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Charge (physics), Subpixel rendering, Optics, Position (vector), Charge-coupled device, business, Image resolution, Event (particle physics)
Abstract

When an X-ray photon is photoabsorbed in the CCD, it generates a primary charge cloud expanding through the diffusion. A mesh experiment for the X-ray CCD enables us to specify the interaction position of the X-ray photon with subpixel resolution. Furthermore, we can directly measure the charge cloud shape that can be well expressed by Gaussian profile. When an X-ray photon enters the pixel (event pixel), the primary charge is mainly collected into the event pixel. When the X-ray landing position is close enough to the pixel boundary, the primary charge spills over the adjacent pixel forming split events. The X-ray event is sorted by the event pattern, how many pixels does the primary charge split, resulting various grades of the events. We can easily understand that there are three parameters coupled together: the X-ray landing position inside the pixel, the X-ray event pattern and the primary charge cloud shape. We can determine any one of them from the other two parameters. Since we know the charge cloud shape using the mesh experiment, we can calculate the X-ray landing position inside the event pixel using the grade of the event. We applied our method to the Ti- K X-rays for the CCD with 12 micrometer square pixel. Once the primary charge splits into adjacent pixel, we can determine the X-ray landing position with subpixel resolution. Using the three- or four-pixel split event, we obtained the accuracy of the X-ray landing position about 1 micrometer. For two-pixel split event, we obtained the similar position accuracy in the split direction while no improvement perpendicular to it. We will discuss what type of the CCD will be able to achieve the subpixel resolution for all X-ray photons.

Published
2000
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24. Development of fast and flexible data acquisition system for CCDs: Osaka University CCD controller system

Author

Masanobu Ozaki, Emi Miyata, Chikara Natsukari, Daisuke Akutsu, Masaharu Nomachi, and Masayuki Ohtani

Subjects
business.industry, Computer science, Amplifier, Controller (computing), Multiplexer, law.invention, Data acquisition, law, Operational amplifier, Charge-coupled device, business, Low voltage, Computer hardware, Data transmission
Abstract

We have developed a completely new type of general-purpose CCD data acquisition system which enables us to drive any kinds of CCD with any kinds of clocking modes. A CCD driver system widely used before is consisted of analog multiplexer (MPX), digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and operational amplifier. DAC is used to determine high and low voltage levels and MPX selects each voltage level using TTL clock. In this kind of driver board, it is difficult to reduce the noise caused by a short of high and low level in MPX and to select many kinds of different voltage levels.

Published
2000
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25. Performance and calibration of the x-ray CCD camera of the MAXI experiment on the ISS/JEM

Author

Emi Miyata, Masaru Matsuoka, H. Tsunemi, Masayuki Ohtani, Nobuyuki Kawai, Chikara Natsukari, and Daisuke Akutsu

Subjects
Optics, Data acquisition, Analogue electronics, Computer science, business.industry, Optical engineering, International Space Station, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Calibration, X-ray, Charge-coupled device, business, Voltage
Abstract

We have developed an engineering model of CCD chips and the analogue electronics for the Solid-state Slit Camera. To optimize its X-ray responsibility, we have also developed a flexible general-purpose CCD data acquisition system. We tested many kinds of clock patterns with different voltage levels. We report here our new CCD system and preliminary results of optimization of clock voltages.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Published
2000
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26. Fast and Flexible CCD Driver System Using Fast DAC and FPGA

Author

Masanobu Ozaki, Emi Miyata, Chikara Natsukari, Tomoyuki Kamazuka, Masaharu Nomachi, and Daisuke Akutsu

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Computer science, business.industry, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Multiplexer, Noise (electronics), law.invention, Data acquisition, Sampling (signal processing), law, Operational amplifier, business, Field-programmable gate array, Instrumentation, Low voltage, Computer hardware, Voltage
Abstract

We have developed a completely new type of general-purpose CCD data acquisition system which enables one to drive any type of CCD using any type of clocking mode. A CCD driver system widely used before consisted of an analog multiplexer (MPX), a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and an operational amplifier. A DAC is used to determine high and low voltage levels and the MPX selects each voltage level using a TTL clock. In this kind of driver board, it is difficult to reduce the noise caused by a short of high and low level in MPX and also to select many kinds of different voltage levels. Recent developments in semiconductor IC enable us to use a very fast sampling ($\sim$ 10MHz) DAC with low cost. We thus develop the new driver system using a fast DAC in order to determine both the voltage level of the clock and the clocking timing. We use FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) to control the DAC. We have constructed the data acquisition system and found that the CCD functions well with our new system. The energy resolution of Mn K$\alpha$ has a full-width at half-maximum of $\simeq$ 150 eV and the readout noise of our system is $\simeq$ 8 e$^-$., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for Nuclear Instruments and Method in Physics Research

Published
2000
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