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33 results on '"Chikobvu, Perpetual"'

4. #3017 Renal-friendly lamivudine dosages are unlikely to contribute to HIV-1 shedding into PD effluents—an open label non-randomized pharmacokinetics study

Author

Mooko, Teboho, primary, Bisiwe, Busiswa, additional, Mondleki, Enkosi, additional, Morobadi, Daniel, additional, Chikobvu, Perpetual, additional, Nyaga, Martin, additional, Goedhals, Dominique, additional, Mofokeng, Thabiso, additional, Kemp, Gabre, additional, and Ndlovu, Kwazi, additional

Published
2024
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6. Challenges of antiretroviral therapy among children in Free State Province, South Africa

Author

Olaleye Abiola O., Tsibolane Yolisa, Van-Turha Lydia, Monareng Sibongile, Chikobvu Perpetual, Boleme Mohlouoa Sam, and Serenata Celicia

Subjects
children, antiretroviral, therapy, challenges, problems., Medicine
Abstract

Background/Aim: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is an important intervention for survival among children in Sub Saharan Africa where HIV infection rates are comparatively high. Only few studies have explored issues relating to paediatric ART initiation and maintenance. This study was conducted to explore the perceptions and experiences of trained professional nurses regarding paediatric ART. Methods: Six focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among trained professional nurses in selected health facilities in Free State Province, South Africa. Verbatim transcripts were analysed with a thematic approach. Results: The participants of this study reported counselling as an important component of paediatric ART in health facilities. The problem of non-disclosure, migration, incomplete records from referral health facilities, inadequate health workforce and difficulty in record keeping were cited as barriers against paediatric ART. Conclusion: This study showed that initiation and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among eligible children faces a significant challenge.

Published
2022
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7. Risk factors for COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality in a high HIV and tuberculosis prevalence setting in South Africa: a cohort study

Author

Abdullah, Shaina, Abrahams, Fiona, Adams, Vincentius, Adnane, Fhima, Adoni, Sonia, Adoons, Dieketso Melitta, Africa, Veronique, Aguinaga, D, Akach, Susan, Alakram Khelawon, Prisha, Aldrich, George, Alesinloye, Olatunde, Aletta, Mathale Biniki, Alice, Mametja, Aphane, Tebogo, Archary, Moherndran, Arends, Felicity, Arends, Shireen, Aser, Munonde, Asmal, T, Asvat, Mohammed, Avenant, Theunis, Avhazwivhoni, Muvhali, Azuike, Magnolia, Baartman, Johanna, Babalwa, Dlava, Badenhorst, Johan, Badenhorst, Miranda, Badripersad, Bianca, Badul, Lalihla, Bagananeng, M, Bahle, Mncedisi, Balfour, Liezl, Baloyi, T C, Baloyi, S, Baloyi, Tinyiko, Baloyi, Tshepo Mpho, Banda, Thokozani, Barit, Shimon, Bartsch, Nicole, Bayat, Junaid, Bazana, Siyabulela, Beetge, Marlene, Bekapezulu, Nosindiso, Belebele, Rammala, Bella, Phala, Belot, Zanenkululeko, Bembe, Lindi Gladys, Bensch, Sonja, Beukes, Gishma, Bezuidenhout, Karla, Bhembe, Themba, Bikisha, N A, Bilenge, Ben, Bishop, Leesa, Biyela, Baphamandla, Blaauw, Cyntheola, Blaylock, Mark, Bodley, Nicola, Bogale, Power, Bokolo, Sibongile, Bolon, Stefan, Booysen, Mary, Booysen, Eldereze, Boretti, Lia, Borges, Paula, Boshoga, Millicent, Bosman, Natasha, Bosvark, Lucinda, Botes, Nicky, Botha, Adele, Botha, Chantall, Botha, Jana, botha, Chantall, Botha, Mandlakayise Irvin, Botha, Alet, Bradbury, Janet, Breakfast, Zandisile, Breed, Maria, Brenda, Molele, Brice, Moshito, Britz, Jolene, Brown, Amanda, Buchanan, T, Bucwa, Thozama, Burger, Crystelle, Busakwe, Ziyanda, Bushula, Nosiviwe, Buthelezi, Zinhle, Buthelezi, Dumsile, Buthelezi, Thubelihle, Buthelezi, Mpumelelo Basil, Buthelezi, Fundiswa Lidwina, Bux, Nadia, Buys, Christoff, Buys, Anneline, Caka, Ernestina, Canal, Armando Sanchez, Caroline, Sithole, Casper, Monrick, Cawood, Shannon, Cebisa, Oratile, Cele, Nothando, Cele, Sboniso, Cele, Sthembile Goodness, Chauke, Mkhacani, Chauke, Pinkie, Chelin, Nevil, Chen, Xiaohui, Chetty, Venmalla, Chetty, Kerisse, Cheu, Christinah, Chibabhai, Vindana, Chirima, Takudzwa, ChisaleMabotja, Mantwa, Chivenge, Charity, Choene, Ngoasheng, Choko, Mbali Nosisa, Choshi, Martin, Chowdhury, Sabbir, Christoforou, Anastacia, Chuene, S L S, Chueu, T S, Cilliers, Dale, Cilliers, Vanessa, Claassen, Marcel, Cloete, Jeané, Coelho, Chantelle, Coetzee, Carol, Coetzee, Hans Jurgens, Coetzee, Christine, Coetzee, Marelize, Coetzer, Dane, Coka, Sizwe, Colane, M, Combrink, Herkulaas, Conjwa, Songezo, Contrad, Colleen, Cornelissen, Faith, Cronje, Leezelle, Crouse, Christine, Dabi, Tshidi, Dandala, Ziyanda, Dangor, Ziyaad, Daniel, Gildenhuys, Daniel, Ngwana, Daumas, Alfred, Dauth, Madelein, David, Mongalo, Davids, Wayne, Daweti, Nozuko, Dawood, Halima, Dayile, Wandisa, De Bruin, B, De Klerk, Karin, De la Rosa, Tanya, de Nysschen, Marice, De vos, Marie, De Wet, Darien, Debising, Mohith, Deenadayalu, Darshan, Dekeda, Babalwa, Desiree, Mofokeng, Deysel, Annelise, Dhlamini, Abram, Diala, Makgethwa Dhlala, Diale, Mathapelo, Diketane, Bella, Dingani, Nosisa, Diniso, Siyabonga, Diphatse, Lesego, Diya, Anele, Dladla, Zihloniphile, Dladla, Nompumelelo, Dladla, Mlungisi, Dladla, Patience, Dlamini, Baphilie, Dlamini, Nonhlanhla, Dlamini, Linda, Dlamini, Nonzwakazi, Dlamini, Wendy, Dlamini, Ncomeka, Dlamini, Siyabonga, Dlamini, Nicodemus, Dlamini, Lebohang, Dlamini, Motshedise, Dlava, Babalwa Christine, Dlova, Phikiwe, Dlozi, Lindiwe, Doreen, Maenetja, Doyi, Vumile, Doyi, Athini, Du Plessis, Belinda, du Plessis, Johanna Aletta, du Plessis, Eddie, du Plessis, Nicolette, du Plessis, Karin, du Toit, Briette, du Toit, Narissa, Dube, Jabulile, Dubula, Athayanda, Duduzile, Msomi, Duiker, Sechaba, Duma, Unati Bongile, Duma, Kholiwe, Dunne, Kella, Dyantyi, Kholeka, Dyantyi, Avile, Dyasi, Simphiwe, Dyondzo, Chauke, Dyubhele, Phelisa, Dywili, B J, Edwards, Letitia, Eksteen, Madie, Ellis, Tersia, Ellis, Tia, Emmerson, Glenda, Enslin, Theusia, Epule, Odimula, Erasmus, Lana, Erick, Mathonsi, Etsane, Lerato, Eunice, Shimange, Fani, Zanele, Ferreira, Mariette, Finger-Motsepe, K L, Floris, Fabion, Fobo, Tseko, Fokotsane, Keresemetse, Fokwana, Duduzile Emmelda, Fords, Genevieve Marion, Fortein, Juanita, Fouche, Christine, Fourie, Rulandi, Frean, Andrew, Fredericks, Ludwig, Funda, Wandile, funjwa, kabelo, Futhane, Martha, Futuse, Amanda, Gabaediwe, Dora, Gabuza, Nonhlanhla, Galant, Janycke, Gama, Zanele, Gano, Thobile, Gardiner, Emma Cora, Gastrow, Henri, Gate, Kelly, Gaunt, Ben, Gavaza, Rikhotso, Gayi, Thapelo, Gcakasi, Nkosinathi, Gcobo, Nomusa, Geffen, Leon, Geldenhuys, S, George, Jenny, Gerber, Martha, Getyengana, Zolisa, Gigi, Nkululo, Gihwala, Radha, Gilliland, Mitchell, Gloria, Zandile, Glover, Elitia, Gokailemang, Ellen, Goosen, Suseth, Gopane, Maria, Gosa-Lufuta, Thandazile, Gosnell, Bernadett, Gouws, Sharleen, Govender, Christina, Govender, Raksha, Govender, Pearl, Govender, Sally, Govender, Roxanne, Govender, K, Govender, Savie, Govinden, Rashika, Gqabuza, Luphumlo, Gqaji, Nomthandazo, Gqetywa, Maneo, Green, Caroline, Green, Nathan, Green, Neera, Grobler, Hendrik, Groenwald, Pamela, Grootboom, Daniel, Gumede, Beatrice, Gumede, Nomonde, Gumede, Simphiwe, Gumede, Slindile, Gumede, Ntombikayise, Gumede, Zenande, Gxotiwe, Thandiswa, H L, Makhubela, Hadebe, Nonhlanhla, Hadebe, Skhumbuzo, Halkas, Christos, Hamer, Ansie, Hamida, Ebrahim, Hammond, Juan, Haniff, Sumayia, Hare, Annelise, Hattingh, lorinda, Hendricks, Thenjiwe, Henecke, Philip-George, Henly-Smith, Brends, Herselman, Glynis, Heymans, Ansie, Heyns, Chantel, Hlabahlaba, Golekane, Hlabangwane, Lucky, Hlamarisa, Simango, Hlanzi, Ntokozo, Hlela, Hlengiwe, Hlokwe, Katlego, Hlongwa, Thembinkosi, Hlongwana, Anele, Hlubi, Themba, Hobo, Tozama, Hopane, Nare Nathaniel, House, Mariska, Hudson, Catharina, Huysamen, Marinda, Indheren, Jezreen, Ingle, Samantha, Isaacs, Gavin, Isaacs, T S Thekiso, Itumeleng, Maringa, J van Rensburg, Karien, Jackson, Saloshni, Jacob, Neziswa, Jacobs, Burton, Jacobs, Tshireletso, Jacobs, Gugulethu, Jaftha, Mesadi, Jaji, Zimkhitha, Jali, Sibusiso, James, Gcobisa, January, Gillian, Jeke, Andiswa, Jeremiah, Laurent, Jeremiah, L S, Jhetam, Mubeen, John, Maureen, John, Chuene, Jola, Thandiwe, Jonas, Yolande, Jonas, Anovick, Juggernath, Amilcar, Kaba, Eileen, Kabo, Venetia, Kadi, Disebo, Kaizer, Karabo, Kambule, Moshaya Peter, Kapp, Lorraine, Kau, Tshepo, Keneth, Nchabeleng, Kgabi, O, Kgafela, Tebogo Audrey, Kgakgadi, Vincent, Kgaswe, Isabella, Kgathlane, Tsholofelo, Kgetha, Vuyelwa Julia, Kgomojoo, Mmaselloane, Kgoro, B, Kgosiemang, Christinah, Kgosiencho, Gloria, Khambula, Stephen, Khan, Ariffa, Khanare, Refemetswe, Khanyase, Ncamsile, Khanyile, Nokwethemba, Kharatsi, Fillip, Khawula, Simangele, Khohlakala, Themba, Khomo, Letitia, Khoza, Isabel, Khoza, Sinethemba, Khukule, Nombulelo, Khumalo, Busisiwe, Khumalo, Tracy, khumalo, Zinhle, Khumalo, Vuyelwa, Khumalo, Delisile, Khumalo, Lebohang, Khumalo, Boitumelo, Khumalo, Thuli, Khumalo, Gugu, Khuzwayo, Bongiwe, Khuzwayo, Thembhelihle, Kidson, Hennie, Kistan, Jesne, Klaas, Gugu, Klassen, Marilyn, Koeberg, Josehine, Koen, Marizel, Koena, Simphiwe, Kok, Ina, Kola, Imraan, Kolokoto, Karabo, Konar, Ramachandra, Kotsedi, Dr, Kotze, Jaline, Koupis, Martins, Kritzinger, Helen, Kruger, Marlize, Kruger, Henk, Kubayi, Tlangelani, Kubeka, Thabisile, Kubheka, Nonjabulo, Kubheka, Melusi, Kubheka, Sibusiso Clifford, Kubheka, Erol, Kumalo, Monica, Kunene, Thulani, Kunene, Siphilile Candy, Kunneke, Yvette, Kupa, R P, Kutama, Rachel, Kwakwazi, Nompumelelo, Kweyama, Lwanele, Labuschagne, Maureen, Labuschagne, Marina, Lakshman, Prabha, Lamani, Lungelo, Lamani, Thembela, Langa, Naomi, Langeni, Khangelani, Langeni, Aphelele, Langeni, Nwabisa Hazel, Langeveldt, Gena, Laubscher, Anchen, Le Roux, Laetitia, Leah, Magagane, Lebea, Collen, Lebea, Sello, Lebenya, Viyella Phumla Cynthia, Lebogang, Lorraine, Leboho, P K, Lee, Chantel, Lefakane, Kelebogile Rejoice, Legoabe, Zandile, Lekala, Patrick, Lekhoaba, Motsitsi, Lekunutu, Tanki Shadrack, Lerefolo, Galaletsang, Letebele, N, Lethoba, Tsepo Patric, Letlalo, Emission, Letlhage, Ofentse, Letshufi, D S V, Letsoalo, Dineo Fiona, Letsoalo, Seleka Jones, Letsoalo, Pennelope, Letwaba, Getrude, Linda, Sobekwa, Lipholo, Katleho, Litabe, Sabata, Lochan, Harsha, Lomax, Linda, Lombaard, Francina, Loots, Elmarie, Lourens, Ariana, Louw, Celeste, Louw, Rianna, Lubambo, Zikhona, Lubambo, Msebenzi Moises, Ludada, Gregory, Lukas, Michael, Lungu, Thembela, Lupindo, Nomvume, Lusenga, Emmah, Luthuli, Happiness, Luvuno, Zoleka Sylvia, M H, Gwangwa, Maarman, Mustafa, Mabaso, Buyisiwe, Mabaso, Cynthia, Mabitle, Morena, Mabogoane, Grace, Mabone, Kgakgamatso, Mabuza, Rueben, Mabuza, Velaphi, Madiseng, Mogantla, Madlala, Thobile, Madolo, Mashooase, Madonsela, Thabiso, Madubanya, Lesetsa, Maepa, Amukelani, Mafumana, Namhla, Mafumo, Caroline, Magadla, Pumeza, Magale, Viscah, Magaqa, Nompumelelo, Magda, Oberholzer, Magdeline, Rakgoale, Maggie, Tswai, Maginxa, Bongeka, Magoba, Cathrine Maite, Magongwa, Caroline, Magubane, Agretia, Magubane, Agretia Ntombizodwa, Magwai, R, Mahabane, D I, Mahabeer, Padmini, Mahadulula, Elsie, Mahanjana, Lungiswa, Maharaj, Amy, Mahlambi, Qedusiza, Mahlangu, Yvonne, Mahlangu, Lerato, Mahlangu, Ntombifikile, Mahlangu, Makhosazana, Mahlangu, Mahlatsi, Mahlasela, Penelope, Mahlatse, Thosago, Mahlobo, Regina, Mahole, Dikhing, Mahomed, Adam, Mahubane, Mapeu Debora, Mahume, Peter, Maifo, Lehlogonolo, Maimane, Vincent, Maimele, Petunia, Maine, Phakoe, Mainongwane, Patricia Senyanyathi, Majamani, Nomalungisa, Majozini, Amahle, Makalima, Noluthando, Makam, Nomfundo, Makamba, Khanyisa, Makan, R, Makarapa, Mashiane, Makgahlela, Malesela, Makgisa, Mogoiwa David, Makgomo, Makgoba, Makgopa, M A, Makhalema, Mabone, Makhanya, Lindokuhle Lizo, Makhanya, Philile Valentia, Makharaedzha, Tolerance, Makhathini, Nathi, Makhesi, Elizabeth, Makhubela, Cinile, Makhunga, Nkululeko Freedom, Makhupula, Nomalinge, Makhura, R R, Makola, Rangwato, Makuba, Zingisa, Makubalo, Asanda, Makumsha, Lonwabo, Makuya, George, Malaka, Levy Mmachuene, Malangeni, Themba, Malatji, M L, Malebana-Metsing, Pelonomi, Malek, Malek, Malevu, Luthando, Malgas, Juanita, Malgas, Dimakatso, Malope, Paul Makgasane, Malose, Monyeki, Maluleke, Katekani, Mambane, Kato, Mamorobela, Nthabiseng, Manamela, Kukami, Manana, Tshepo, Maneto, Sathiel, Manganye, Aron Kabelo, Mangena, Pheto, Mangoale, Anna, Mangozho, Tinotenda Florence, Manickchund, Pariva, Mankayi, Zandisile, Manning, Arthur, Manyaapelo, Kelebogile Manyaapelo, Manyane, Tabea, Manzana, Zoliswa, Manzini, Milton, Mapasa-Dube, Busisiwe, Maphumulo, Siboniso, Maphumulo, Ntombifuthi, Maponya, Sindy, Maponya, Khomotso Mumsy, Maponya, Napjadi, Maqubela, Lami, Maqubela, Lizeka, Maqungo, Vuyo, Marais, Marisa, Marais, Chantal, Maramba, Nondumiso, Mare, Annelize, Maredi, Madumetsa, Martins, Afikile, Marule, Johanna, Marumo, Refilwe, Masakona, N N, Masehla, Kedibone Vincentia, Maseko, Eric, Maselesele, Tshilidzi, Maselo, Mojalefa, Maseloa, M, Masemola, M E, Masemola, Thembi, Mashaba, Bella, Mashangwane, James, Mashao, Mantebele, Mashego, Shalom, Mashele, Lerato, Mashiane, Ester, Mashibini, Joyce, Mashilo, J, Mashiloane, Tumi, Mashishi, Charity, Mashiyi, Ngazibini, Mashudu, Khomola, Masindi, Aluwani, Maslo, Caroline, Masondo, Nduduzo, Masuku, Dumisile, Matamela, Cry, Matandela, Mirriam, Mathabela, Nontokozo, Mathabi, T, Mathe, Keitumetse, Mathebula, Mathabo, Mathebula, Catherine, Mathebula, Mdungazi Andres, Mathenjwa, Nqobizwe, Mathibe, Jane, Mathibela, Lebohang, Mathilda, Makwela, Mathiva, Khakhu, Mathobela, Mokgadi Alinah, Mathonsi, Fikile Pearl, Mathonsi, K P, Mathosa, Katlego, Matiwane, Noluvo, Matjeke, Emma, Matjiane, Bella, Matjila, Thabang, Matlala, Chidi, Matome, Petlo, Matoti, Nolusindiso, Matseliso, C, Matsemela, Dineo, Matsha, Phumeza, Matshediso, Gaalebale Prudence, Matshediso, Motsumi, Matshela, Esther, Mavuma, Bongeka, Mavundla, Pearl, Mavuso, Nomthandazo, Mawasha, Lovender, Mawelela, Rebecca, Mazibuko, Nelisiwe, Mazibuko, Phumlani, Mazubane, Lindiwe, Mbanjwa, Bavumile, Mbasa, Ayanda, Mbatha, Nosimilo, Mbatha, Zanele, Mbatha, Rudolph Zenzele, Mbedzi, Gift, Mbizi, Tatenda Trevor, Mbonambi, Khumbulani, Mboniswa, Nondumiso, Mbonisweni, Nomfanelo, Mbuilu, Jody, Mbulawa, Siyabonga, Mbutho, Zama, Mbuzi, Natasha, Mchunu, Nonkululeko, Mchunu, Cyprian, Mchunu, Nokuzola, Mchunu, Masesi Thandeka, Mciteka, Vuyokazi, Mdaka, Solly, Mdakane, Neho, Mdediswa, Siyabonga, Mdima, Melusi, Mdima Masondo, Nozipho, Mdindana, Siviwe, Mdleleni, Ntombizikhona, Mdletshe, Sibusiso, Mdoda, Gcobisa Precious, Mdolo, Ntombi, Mdontsane, Anele, Mehta, Ruchikas, Memela, Philile Rittah, Methuse, Masande, Metshile, Keatlaretse, Metuse, Pheliswa, Meyer, Anton, Meyer, Gavin, Meyer, Cameron, Mfazwe, Sisonke, Mfecane, Andiswa, Mfecane, Bongeka, Mfeka, Nelisiwe, Mgaga, Busisiwe, Mgauli, Thandiwe Portia, Mgedezi, Thembekile, Mgedezi, Vuyokazi, Mgevane, Kalipile, Mgiba, Bongni, Mgoduka, Babalwa, Mhlaba, Patrick, Mhlaba, Zeldah, Mhlanga, Ntombizodwa, Mhlinza, Vangile, Mhlongo, Nokuthula, Mhlongo, sibongiseni, Mhlotshana, Unamandla, Mikateko, Mabaso, Minnie, Helena, Mintoor, Karen, Miyeni, Bongi, M J, Mabelane, Mjethu, Rosy, Mkhize, Gloria, Mkhize, Mvuselelo, Mkhize, Ntokozo Siyabonga, Mkhize, Victoria, Mkhize, Nomkhosi, Mkhize, Nokuthula, Mkhwanazi, Mathini, Mkile, Nolwandle, Mkise, Kholofelo, Mkiya, Nokwandiso, Mkongi, Pearl, Mkungeka, Mnonopheli, Mlahleki, Hlomile, Mlibali, Nolukholo, Mlungwana, Sakhumzi, Mmachele, Jonas, Mmateka, Mashatole, Mmokwa, Molebatsi, Mmutlane, Thembisa, Mndebele, Zanele Olive, Mngomezulu, Nonhlanhla, Mnguni, Noluthando Millicent, Mngunyana, Pumza, Mngunyana, Nomxolisi, Mngxekeza, Ntombebongo, Mnisi, Zenzele, Mnqayi, Hlengiwe Precious, Mnqayi, Phumzile, Mntungwa, Thabiso, Mnyaka, Siya, Mnyakeni, Ntombikayise, Mnyamana, Vuyani, Mnyipika, Nomzingisi, Moabelo, Koena, Moatshe, Mmakgoshi Alseria, Mochaki-Senoge, Jennifer, Moche, Sharon, Mocwagae, Tebello, Modibane, Koeikantse, Modimoeng, Tebogo godfrey, Modisa, Obakeng, Modisane, Itumeleng, Modise, Olebogeng, Modjadji, Makaepeaa Flovia, Modupe, Sharon, Moeketsi, Maja, Moeketsi, Ntswaki, Moeng, Kereditse Kingsley, Mofamere, Naledi Nthabiseng, Mofokeng, Samuel, Mofokeng, Thabo, Mofomme, Jonas, Mogakane, Vicky, Mogale, Lehlohonolo, Mogapi, Audrey, Mogashoa, Thomas, Mogatla, Mphaka James, Mogoale, Kgaladi, Mohajane, Dikeledi Maggie, Mohapi, Nkuba, Mohatsela, Mthoamihla, Mohlala, Irene, Mohlala, Daphney, Mohlamonyane, Mpho, Mohutsiwa, Bonolo Millord, Moipone, Selemela, Moisi, Tshepang, Mojalefa, Nelly, Moji, Vuyo, Mokangwana, Buhle, Mokgabo, Matloa, Mokgaetji, Manaka, Mokgaotsi, Jane, Mokgoro, Neo Theodore, Mokhatla, Thalitha, Mokhele, Lerato Lovedalia, Mokhema, Sheila, Mokoena, Mamoya, Mokoena, Mojalefa, Mokome, Lleka, Mokone, Cynthia, Mokono, Ipeleng, Mokonyama, Thabiso, Mokori, Josiah, Mokuena, Dolores, Mokumo, Danny, Mokwena, Oddy, Mokwena, Kgaogelo, Mokwena, Kgantshi Sam, Mokwene, Lebogang, Molate, Thato Elliott, Molebalwa, Ditoche, Molefe, Boingotlo, Molehe, Kgopa Stanley, Moleme, Kgomotso, Moliane, Sarah, Moloi, Fanyana, Molorane, Retshepile Joseph, Molotsi, Glenda Tsholanang, Molukanele, Lerato, Monareng, Joy, Moncho, Thapelo, Monica, Modiadie, Monnane, Refilwe, Monqo, Andile, Montewa, Neo, Montsioa, Kgalalelo, Monyaki, Reitumetse, Monyane, Masekhobe Jeanett, Monyela, Lipson, Moodley, Yudeshan, Moodley, Kriesen, Moodley, Kaira, Mooka, Boitumelo Donald, Moonsamy, Prea, Moopanar, Simmi, Moore, David, Mophethe, Lineo, Moremedi, Tshegohatso, Moremong, Kealeboga, Morgan, Nthangeni, Moripa, Egma, Morris, Lulamile, Mosala, Me. A.M., Mosana, Thabo, Mosase, Alice, Mose, Yolanda, Mosehlo, Maponya, Moseki, Mothusi, Moshabe, Mojalefa David, Moshai, D A, Moshani, Mbulelo, Moshani, Pelisa, Mosima, Ledwaba, Mosima, Ezrom, Mosoma, M P, Motaung, Lebohang, Motaung, Mokete, Motaung Xhama, Thozama Charmain, Motha, Purine Khethiwe, Motimele, Lerato, Motimeng, Boitumelo, Motladiile, Shirley, Motlhabane, Otsile, Motlhamme, Joshua, Motloba, Mandla, Motse, Kagiso, Motshegoa, Sophia, Moutlana, Edward, Mouton, Irma, Moya, Zanele, Moyake, Nomonde, M P, Maja, Mpete, Jenny, Mpfuni, Luamba Meltha, Mphahlele, Seputule Mphahlele, Mphake, Mashadi, Mphanya, Ephraim Letlhogonolo, Mphaphuli, Mashudu, Mphela, Tebogo Chwene, Mpontshane, MS, Mqotyana, Thabile, Mqungquthu, Babalwa, Msane, Noluthando Busane, Mseleku, Malusi, Msibi, Sibusiso, Msibi, Mancele, Msibi, Thulisile, Msibi, Siyabonga Linda, Msiza, Clement Nhlanhla, Msomi, Lungelo, Mtatambi, Mandlenkosi, Mthathambi, Thembisa, Mthembu, December, Mthembu, Nhlahla, Mthembu, Fezile Mbali, Mthembu, Lungiswa, Mthethwa, Nompumelelo Petunia, Mthimkhulu, Khulekani, Mthuli, Lungani Percival, Mthunzi, Ashley, Mtolo, Xolani Sydney, Mtolo, Nomonde Precious, Mtshali, Linda, Mtwa, Neliswa, Mtyobile, Fezeka, Mtyobile, Kanyisa, Mudau, Mpfariseni, Muemeleli, Magwabeni, Mulaudzi, Isaac, Mulaudzi, Rebecca, Mulaudzi, Mhlelekedzeni, Muligwe, Dakalo Rejoyce, Muponda, Blessing, Mushadi, Mmbangiseni Stella, Mushid, M, Muthaphuli, Konanani, Muthavhine, J, Muthika, Mpho, Mvelase, Samkelisiwe, Mvelase, Vusi, Mwehu, Laurent Kayumba, Myaka, Thabile, myburgh, Magriet, Mzamo, Zimkhitha, Mzawuziwa, Fezeka, Mzini, Mfundo Lunga, Mzizana, Oscar, Mzobe, Ntokozo, Mzobe, Thokozile, Mzobe, Zamaswazi, Mzwandile, Mtimkulu, Naby, Fathima, Naicker, Keshnee, Naicker, Pregashnie, Naicker, Saroja, Naicker, Pershen, Naicker, Saiyen Virgil, Naidoo, Ria, Naidoo, Sam, Naidoo, Mergan, Naidoo, Kamalambal, Naidoo, Aroomugam, Naku, Sivuyile, Nakwa, Firdose, Nancy, Masoga, Nathan, Rita, Naude, Maritsa, Ncaza, Gcobisa, Ncaza, Aviwe, Ncha, Relebohile, Ncoyini, Yanelisa, Ncube, Snothile, Ndaba, Mrs, Ndaba, Vusumuzi, Ndaba, Mmapula, Ndawonde, Siziwe, Ndevu, Ziphozihle, Ndhlovu, Nonhlanhla Faith, Ndima, Simphiwe, Ndlela, Sindisiwe, Ndlela, Thobsile P, Ndlovu, Nobuhle, Ndlovu, Nwabisa, Ndlovu, Virginia Dipuo, Ndlumbini, Sombekhaya, Nduli, Khululiwe, Nduli, Priscilla Nontokozo, Ndwambi, Michael, Nel, Jeremy, Nel, Rina, Nel, Lizelle, Nemanashi, Ntsundeni florah, Nemudivhiso, Usinkhangwe Nyaphophi, Nemutavhanani, Joyce Nemutavhanani, Nene, Jabu, Nene, Xolani, Netshilonga, David, Netsianda, Rendani, Newton, Charmaine, Ngalo, Vuyo Leroy, Ngani, Ncumisa, Ngcakaza, Thabisa Monica, Ngcobo, Thamela, Ngcobo, Trulove Nonhlanhla, Ngcobo, Richards, Ngcobo, Gcinile, Ngcobo, Guguletu, Ngetu, Thozama, Ngewu, Pinkie, Ngobeni, Tshepo, Ngobeni, Providence, Ngobeni, Khanyisile, Ngobeni, Prudence, Ngobese, Thembisile, Ngomane, Tracy, Ngondo, Nolusindiso, Ngubane, Nokukhanya, Ngubane, Sithembiso, Nguse, Ntombizodwa Praxedise, Ngwane, Tholakele, Ngwasheng, Elizabeth, Ngwenya, Siphamandla, Ngwenya, Gugu, Ngwenya, Nomthandazo, Ngwenya, Themba, Ngwenya, Eva, Ngxola, Zintlanu, Nhabe, Tshegofatso, Nhlabathi, Jabulile, Nhlangwana, Ishmael, Nhlapo, Sithembile, Nick, Matlala, Niemand, Vicky, Nienaber, Carina, Nix, Louise, Njikelana, Chumisa, Njomi, Masiza, Nkabinde, Lucia, NKABINDE, M, Nkabiti, Boitumelo, Nkabule, Gugu, Nkadimeng, Mankopodi, Nkanjeni, Nonkanyiso, Nkatlo, Palesa Portia, Nkewana, Bongani, Nkhwashu, Audrey, Nkoana, Ngokoana, Nkoane, Mmathapelo, Nkogatse, M, Nkomo, Fezile, Nkomo, Ntando, Nkonyane, Nontobeko, Nkosi, Sydney, Nkosi, Ntombikayise, Nkosi, Phumzile, Nkosi, Ntombifuthi, NKOSI, TINTSWALO, Nkosi, ML, Nkosi, Godfrey, Nkosi, Amukelani, Nkosi, Fikile Vinoliah, Nkosi, Mbali, Nkosi, Nomcebo Lucia, Nkosi, Siphokazi, Nkuhlu, Amanda, Nkumane, Phumzile, Nkuna, Malebo, Nkwakwha, Wendy, Noge, Sesi, Nolte, Elizabeth, Nomawabo, Peko, Nombita, Malibongwe, Nophale, Nandipha, Nothnagel, Jeanetta, Novokoza, Bongiwe, Nqaphi, Zanele, Nqondo, Thobekile, Nqwelo, Siphokazi, N S, Nkoana, Ntabeni, Sindiswa, Ntabeni, Mr, Ntampula, mawethu, Ntebe, Mthutuzeli, Ntela, Mokwabo, Ntimbane, Hezekiah, Ntintsilana, Xolisa, Ntleki, Patrick, Ntobela, Zanele, Ntombela, Bandile, Ntombela, Zamaswazi, Ntombela, Khonelihle Zandile, Ntombela, Praisegod Samkelo Thobani, Ntonintshi, Lindiwe, Ntseane, Dipuo, Ntseane, Thobeka, Ntsham, Xolelwa, Ntshele, Mbalenhle, Ntshewula, Amanda, Ntsoko, Zinzi, Ntsoto, Athini, Ntuli, Nomsa, Ntuli, Nokwazi, Ntuli, Nomvula, Ntuli, Andrew Diffar, Ntuli, Faith, Nurnberger, Margrit, Nxala, Ntsikelelo, Nxasane, Sithandiwe, Nxumalo, Thanda, Nyathi, Xolani, Nyawula, Nontobeko, Nzama, Nhlakanipho, Obed, Maila Nkuneng, Ogwal, Florence, Olifant, Maureen, Oliphant, B, Olive, Monota, Olyn, Kagisho, Omoighe, Raymond, One, Phumeza, Oscar, Ratombo, Owen, Nkuna, P, Mailula, Padayachee, Nalini, Padayachy, Vasaily, Pakade, Ntombizakhe, Palime, Mosiuoa, Palisa, Jane, Parker, Arifa, Parkies, Lesenyeho, Parrish, Andy, Patel, Nilesh, Pather, Anastasia, Patience, Mkhombo Tsakani, Patzke, Marisa, Pawuli, Akhumzi, Pelako, Ntandokazi, Penrose, Phaswana Sibasa, Peppeta, Litha, Pershad, Santosh, Pertunia, Makheda, Pertunia, Nkuna, Perumal, Dane, Peter, Mongameli, Peters, Justin, Petlane, Vatiswa, Petrus, Harideen, Phahladira, Kgomotso, Phakisa, Matebesi John, Phale, R, Phathela, Livhuwani, Phillip, Sekate Daniel, Phiri, Beverly, Phiri, Mapule Precious, Phokane, Thapelo, Phokoane, Frank, Pholosho, Moele, Phooko, Sekoro, Phooko, Sekodi Geoffrey, Phutiane, Maponya, Pillay, Faiza, Pillay, Melanie, Pillay, Sayuri, Pillay, C R, Plaatjie, Zikhona, Pootona, James, Potgieter, Samantha, Potgieter, Marius, Precious, Mulaudzi Mulatedzi, Pretorius, Paul Janus, Prozesky, Hans, Pule, Mokhethi, Punwasi, Jayshina, Putzier, Dot, Qankqiso, Lutho, Qebedu, Siphokazi, Qhola, Phozisa, Qotoyi, Ntombesithathu, Qotso, Sipho Victor, Qwabe, Zanele, Rabie, Helena, Rabothata, Phoebe, Rachoene, Christina, Radana, Mteteleli, Radebe, Maria, Radebe, Dr. Valentino, Radebe, Nonkululeko, Radinne, Ella, Raduvha, Sherly, Raghunath, Shamintha, Rajagopaul, Claudine, Rakgwale, Mary, Ralethe, Malumbete Michael, Ralimo, Kenneth, Ramafoko, Motlalepule, Ramagoma, Maduvhahafani, Raman, Charlotte, Ramavhuya, Dr, Rambally, Molly, Ramdeen, Nivasha, Ramdin, Tanusha, Rameshwarnath, Sharita, Ramkillawan, Yeishna, Ramotlou, Rampedi, Faith, Rampersad, Vijayluxmi, Ramuima, Avhashoni, Ranone, Noluthando, Rapasa, Mabohlale Portia, rapelang, Mpharoane, Raphaely, Nika, Rashokeng, Lesiba, Rashopola, Caroline, Ratau, Tebogo, Ratau, M, Ratshili, Mpfariseni David, Rautenbach, Elmari, Ravele, Rofhiwa, Reachable, Johannes, Rebecca, Peta Mmalahla, Reddy, Kessendri, Redfern, Andrew, Reed, Robertha, Rees, Mumsy, Reji, Dr, Reubenson, Gary, Rewthinarain, Veena, Rheeder, Paul, Rhulani, Nkonayani, Richard, Mufamadi, Rikhotso, J S, Rikhotso, Shatimone Beverley, Robert, Lavhelani Ndivhaleni, Roto, Noncedo, Ruder, Gideon, Rugnath, Kapil, Ruiters, Lizette, Ruiters, Mina, Russell, Sue, Ruwiza, Lynn, R Y, Molokoane, Saaiman, Mandy, Sabela, Emmanuel, Sadiq, Lerato, Saki, Litha, Salambwa, Hyppolite, Samjowan, Menitha, Samodien, Nazlee, Samuel, Rakgolele, Sandile, Fakudze, Sanelisiwe, Cekuse, Sani, Mandlankosi, Sawuka, Simangele, Schoeman, Lelani, Scholts, Magriet, Schroder, Ronel, Sebalabala, Mamotetekoane, Sebati, Selwalenkwe Collet, Seboko, Jacoline, Sebuthoma, Wilheminah, Segami, Annah, Segokotlo, Ruth, Sehloho, MR, Seisa, Khutjo, Sekgobela, Antony, Sekhosana, Monica, Sekonyela, John, Sekoto, Mpho, Sekulisa, Naledi, Sekwadi, Mokgadi Vanessa, Selaelo, Lebogo, Selatlha, Johannes, Selekolo, Kgomotso, Selfridge, William, Semenya, Lucy, Sengakane, Ivy, Sengata, Masabata, Sentle, Petronella, Seoketsa, Malebo, Seonandan, Pratheesha, Serumula, Thomas Mambushi, Setheni, Nkululeko, Setlale, Refiloe, Setlhodi, Tumediso, Setlhodi, Barbara, Setloghele, Robert, Sewpersad, Aarthi, Sewpersadh, Ryan, Shabalala, Phumlile, Shabangu, Owen, Shabangu, Kungesihe, Shabangu, Harriet Sbonangaye, Shabangu, Thokozani, Shadi, Clifford, Shaik, Hasifa, Shale, Tseliso, Shandu, Qedani, Shandu, Nomvelo, Shange, Ntswaki Marcia, Shenxane, Abongile, Sherriff, A, Shezi, Sebenzile, Shezi, Thenjiwe, Shihangule, Scally, Shikwambana, Cheyeza, Shoba, Lungisani, shokane, Kamogelo, Sibande, Nora, Sibeko, Lydia, Sibeko, Xolani, Sibiya, Zanele, Sibiya, Mncedisi, Sibuta, Sphamandla, Sifumba, Thembakazi, Sigcau, Sipho, Sigila, Lutho, Sihentshe, Kayakazi, Sihlangu, Bongani, Sikhakhane, Daisy, Sikhakhane, Shaun Nhlanhla, Siko, Mbali, Sikonje, Sipho, Simanga, Khumbulekile, Simango, Nomsa, Simela, Thulisile, Simelane, Ntombikayise, Singh, Sashah, Singh, Marjorie, Singh, Ragani, Singh, Shash, Singh, Anita, Sithole, Hitekani, Sithole, Senzekile, Sithole, Ntokozo Danielle, Sithole, Koketso Maxwell, Situma, Jonnie, Sivraman, Annie, Siwela, Katekani, Siyewuyewu, Nonqubela, Sizeka, Maweya, Siziba, Nonceba, Skhosana, Andrew, Skhosana, Khanyisile, Skhosana, Rorisang, Skoko, Tandiwe, Slabbert, Sunet, Smangaliso, Ntombela, Smedley, Christine, Smit, Lydia, Smit, Natassia, Smit, Lizelle, Smit, Michelle, Smith, Fasie, Smith, Lizzie, Smith, Sunell, Smith, Cassius, Smuts, Stefan, Sofe, Ayanda, Solomon, Khobane, Solomon, L J, Sombani, chauke, Songca, Richard, Sontamo, Anga, Soorju, Supriya, Sopazi, Zubenathi, Soqasha, Brian, Sosibo, Bongiwe, Sotsaka, Ntsika, Soula, Mandy, Spoor, Simon, Stacey, Sarah, Stali, Asanda, Stephina, Mutele Mmboniseni, Steup, Myra, Steven, Sinoxolo, Stevens, AW, Stevens, Vincent, Steyn, Dewald, Steyn, Bianca, Stocks, Pat, Stolk, Henk, Stoltz, Alida, Strehlau, Renate, Stroebel, Anneke, Strydom, Loraine, Strydom, Jean-Marie, Strydom, Anton, Strydom, Ursula, Sunnyraj, Midhu, Swana, Nwabisa, Swanepoel, Winnie, Swanepoel, Suzan, Swartbooi, Elsie, Swartz, Estley Swartz, Syce, Casandra, T E, Shihambi, Tabane, Joyce, Tabane, N E, Tawana, Mrs, Tebello, Ntene, Tembe, Siphosetu Wiseman, Terblanche, Samantha, Thabede, Ntombifuthi, Thabelo, Nkhumeleni, Thabethe, Sibusiso, Thabo George, Lekhanya, Thare, Keorapetse, Thebogo, Makofane, Thekiso, Lerato, Theko, Lloyd, Themba, Celimphilo Zandi, Theron, Danie, Theron, Henda, Theron, Ilze, Thingathinga, Thandiwe, Thlabadira, M M, Thoka, Dikeledi, Thokwana, Zanele, Thom, Gustav, Thubakgale, Mamphot Joel, Thwala, Theodora, Thys, P, Tieho, Monethi, Timothy, Matodzi, Tintswalo, Ndlovu, Tivana, Babalwa, Tladi, Molefi, Tokota, Bongiwe, Toni, Simthandile, Torres, Ariel, Toubkin, Mande, Tsatsi, Marinda, Tshabalala, Khanyisile, Tshamase, Nozibele, Tshefu, Gontse, Tshegofatjo, Makgoga, Tshikomba, Given, Tshilo, Thapelo, Tshira, Lerato, Tshirado, S T, Tshisikule, Maipfi, Tsoke, G, TSOKE, N, Tsoko, Alatha, Tsotetsi, Mosele, Tsubella, Sandeva, Tuswa, Noxolo, Tutse, Maipato, Tutu, Nomayenzeke, Twala, Sphephelo, Twala, Nhlanhla, Twala, Simphiwe, Ubisi, John, Unathi, Tefo, Van Aswegen, A, van der Merwe, Marietjie, van der Merwe, Trudie, van der Plank, Patience, van der Spuy, Elmarie, Van Der Westhuizen, Linda, Van Der Westhuizen, Adele, van der Westhuizen, Talana, van der Westhuyzen, Mene, Van Dyk, Thea, van Heerden, Ingrid, van Jaarsveld, Ryno, Van Lill, M, van Niekerk, Heidi, van Niekerk, Ben, van Rensburg, Amanda, van Schallwyk, Judy, Van Sensie, Zeitschke Yarnrich, van Vuuren, Magda, van Vuuren, Cloete, Vandu, Olga Funiswa, Vane, Mandisa, VanZyl, Lucia, Variava, Ebrahim, Veerus, Mariam, Velapi, Nokhwezi, Veleko, Sebina, Velezantsi, Z, Venter, Retha, Vergottini, Corlia, Vermeulen, Inga, Vidah, Liabara Lufuluvhi, Vilakazi, Bongani, Vilakazi, Treasure N, Vilakazi, Mbalenhle Precious, Viljoen, Karen, Viljoen, Werner, Volschenk, Zuretha, Vos, Angelo, V V, Matlala, Walters, Jacques, Webb, Kate, Welsh, John, Wessels, D, Wheller, Judy, White, Fundile, White, Priscilla, Whyte, Carmen, Willemse, Ansie, William, Sape, Williams, Daniel, Williams, Kamielah, Williams, Mercia, Williamson, Anne, Wilson, Cherade, Wolff, Boipelo, Wray, Michelle, Xaba, Ntombizonke B, Xaba, Thabang Jabulani, Xiniwe, Thanks, Xoliswa, Mtshali, Xulu, Funokwakhe, Xulu, Gibson, Yam, Sandlakazi, Zakhura, NM, Zareloa, Mashela, Zinto, Sive, Zinziswa, Dyibeni, Ziselo, Lulamile, Zitha, Zakhele, Zitha, Emmanuel, Zokufa, Anele, Zondi, Innocent, Zondi, Sikhumbuzo Bernard, Zondi, Sbuyi, Zondi, Thulani, Zongola, Wandiswa, Zühlke, Liesl, Zulu, Zandile, Zulu, Lungelo, Zulu, Thandeka, Zulu, Slindili, Zulu, Nkosinathi, Zuma, Angel, Zungu, Precious, Zungu, Pamela, Zungu, Melusi, Zungu, Priscilla, Zwakala, Bongo Lihle, Zwane, Antonia, Zwane, Promise, Zwane, Muziwendoda, Zwane, Hlengiwe Priscila, Zwane, Nomgcobo, Jassat, Waasila, Cohen, Cheryl, Tempia, Stefano, Masha, Maureen, Goldstein, Susan, Kufa, Tendesayi, Murangandi, Pelagia, Savulescu, Dana, Walaza, Sibongile, Bam, Jamy-Lee, Davies, Mary-Ann, Prozesky, Hans W, Naude, Jonathan, Mnguni, Ayanda T, Lawrence, Charlene A, Mathema, Hlengani T, Zamparini, Jarrod, Black, John, Mehta, Ruchika, Chikobvu, Perpetual, Muvhango, Ntshengedzeni, Strydom, Riaan, Adelekan, Tsholofelo, Mdlovu, Bhekizizwe, Moodley, Nirvasha, Namavhandu, Eunice L, Venturas, Jacqueline, Magula, Nombulelo, and Blumberg, Lucille

Published
2021
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8. Steady-state pharmacokinetics of lamivudine in end-stage kidney failure persons with detectable and undetectable HIV-1 RNA in peritoneal dialysis effluent.

Author

Mooko, Teboho, Bisiwe, Feziwe Busiswa, Mondleki, Enkosi, Morobadi, Molefi Daniel, Chikobvu, Perpetual, Nyaga, Martin Munene, Bala, Asis, Goedhals, Dominique, Mofokeng, Thabiso Rafaki Petrus, Kemp, Gabre, and Ndlovu, Kwazi Celani Zwakele

Subjects
LAMIVUDINE, PERITONEAL dialysis, KIDNEY failure, PHARMACOKINETICS, HIV
Abstract

Background: Renally adjusted lamivudine dosages are effective. However, some of the kidney failure patients managed with lamivudine-containing regimens are failing to suppress HIV in peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) effluent. The steady-state lamivudine pharmacokinetics among these patients was evaluated. Methods: This overnight open-label pharmacokinetic study enrolled participants living with HIV and managed with CAPD. Lamivudine levels in blood serum and CAPD effluent samples were quantified using liquid chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer. Pharmacokinetic measures were obtained through non-compartmental analysis. Results: Twenty-eight participants were recruited with a median antiretroviral (ARV) drug duration of 8 (IQR,4.5–10.5) years and a CAPD duration of 13.3 (IQR,3.3–31.9) months. 14.3% (4/28) had detectable unsuppressed HIV-1 viral load in CAPD effluents. The majority (78,6%,22/28) of participants received a 50 mg dose, while 10.7% (3/28), and another 10.7% (3/28) received 75 mg and 300 mg dosages, respectively. Among those treated with 75 and 300 mg, 66.7% (2/3) and 33.3% (1/3) had detectable HIV-VL in CAPD, respectively. The peritoneal membrane characteristics and CAPD system strengths were variable across the entire study population. Lamivudine exposure was increased in blood serum (50 mg-AUC0-24 h, 651.3 ng/mL; 75 mg-AUC0-24 h, 677.84 ng/mL; 300 mg-AUC0-24 h, 3135.89 ng/mL) compared to CAPD effluents (50 mg-AUC0-24 h, 384.91 ng/mL; 75 mg-AUC0-24 h, 383.24 ng/mL; 300 mg-AUC0-24 h, 2001.60 ng/mL) among the entire study population. The Cmax (50 mg, 41.5 ng/mL; 75 mg, 53.2 ng/mL; 300 mg, 199.1 ng/mL) and Cmin (50 mg, 17.8 ng/mL; 75 mg, 16.4 ng/mL; 300 mg, 76.4 ng/mL) measured in serum were within the therapeutic levels. Conclusions: Steady-state lamivudine pharmacokinetic measures were variable among the entire study population. However, the total lamivudine exposure was within the therapeutic levels. Key Learning Points: What was known: steady-state lamivudine pharmacokinetics in persons living with HIV (PLHIV) and managed with peritoneal dialysis (PD). This study adds: HIV-1 shedding into CAPD effluents is not necessarily contributed by reduced lamivudine dosages pharmacokinetics. Potential impact: Renally adjusted lamivudine dosages are effective even in patients shedding HIV-1 into CAPD effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Implementing an intervention to improve leadership/management of public healthcare services in the Free State Province, South Africa: lessons learned

Author

Malakoane, Benjamin, Chikobvu, Perpetual, Christoffel Heunis, James, Gladys Kigozi, Nanteza, and Hendrik Kruger, Willem

Subjects
Public health system, intervention, implementation, systems theory, balanced scorecard, leadership/management, General Medicine
Abstract

Background: Based on the World Health Organization’s health systems strengthening framework, the Health Systems Governance and Accountability (HSGA) intervention to strengthen public health leadership/management, service integration and outcomes was developed in the Free State. Objectives: This study describes the process to implement and measure the effects of the HSGA intervention for system-wide improvement of leadership/management under routine conditions in a resource-constrained setting. Methods: Based on normalisation process theory, participatory discussions were held with health managers, staff and local stakeholders to attain buy-in. Evaluation of the implementation process considered progress in improving leadership/management through application of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). All provincial reporting units were assessed during 2014/15 and again during 2015/16. Results: The mean scores on three BSC perspectives improved statistically significantly from 2014/15 to 2015/16: customer (p=0.0085), internal business processes (p=0.0008) and finance (p=0.0001). Overall leadership/management also improved significantly (p=0.0007). Conclusion: Improvement in leadership/management resulting from implementation of the HSGA intervention was observed during the two years under study. From this experience, successful implementation of a health systems strengthening intervention hinges on a participatory design, appropriate use of theory, as well as application of an evaluation approach to assess the success of implementation. Keywords: Public health system; intervention; implementation; systems theory; balanced scorecard; leadership/management.

Published
2023
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14. Substance Use and Psychosocial Predictors of High School Dropout in Cape Town, South Africa

Author

Flisher, Alan J., Townsend, Loraine, Chikobvu, Perpetual, Lombard, Carl F., and King, Gary

Abstract

The aims of this study were to examine whether use of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs predicts dropout among secondary school students in Cape Town, South Africa. A self-report instrument was administered to 1,470 Grade 8 students. The proportion of students that dropped out of school between the onset of the study and 4 years later was 54.9%. After adjusting for a range of confounders, dropout was significantly predicted by absenteeism, poverty (as assessed by a possession index), and past month cigarette use, but not by past month alcohol use and lifetime illicit drug use. Contrary to findings from developed countries, alcohol and illicit drug use did not predict dropout. It is possible that predictors of dropout documented elsewhere may not be pertinent in developing countries. (Contains 2 tables.)

Published
2010
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15. Leisure Boredom and High School Dropout in Cape Town, South Africa

Author

Wegner, Lisa, Flisher, Alan J., Chikobvu, Perpetual, Lombard, Carl, and King, Gary

Abstract

This prospective cohort study investigated whether leisure boredom predicts high school dropout. Leisure boredom is the perception that leisure experiences do not satisfy the need for optimal arousal. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire which included the Leisure Boredom Scale. The original cohort of grade 8 students (n=303) was followed up twice at 2-yearly intervals. Of the 281 students at the second follow-up, 149 (53.0%) students had dropped out of school. The effect of leisure boredom on dropout was investigated using logistic regression taking into account the clustering effect of the schools in the sampling strategy, and adjusting for age, gender and racially classified social group. Leisure boredom was a significant predictor of dropout (OR=1.08; 95% CI: 1.01-1.15) in students 14 years and older, but not so in younger students (OR=1.0; 95% CI: 0.95-1.05). The study has shown that measuring leisure boredom in grade 8 students can help identify students who are more likely to dropout of school. Further research is needed to investigate the longitudinal association between leisure boredom and school dropout.

Published
2008
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18. Towards the development of a capacity development framework for research ethics administrators: lessons from South Africa

Author

Mulondo, Mutshidzi Abigail, Tsoka-Gwegweni, Joyce, LenkaBula, Puleng, Chikobvu, Perpetual, Mulondo, Mutshidzi Abigail, Tsoka-Gwegweni, Joyce, LenkaBula, Puleng, and Chikobvu, Perpetual

Abstract

Introduction: Currently, research ethics capacity development is limited to research ethics committee (REC) members, and little research has been done on research ethics administrators, leading to lack of standardised requirements for this role, its responsibilities, and training requirements for fulfilling the supportive role for RECs. Although the role is administrative, research ethics administrators’ duties exceed those of just simple administration, and include complex demands such as preparing for audits. This study proposed and validated a capacity development framework for research ethics administrators in South Africa. Methods: A scoping review was done to gain deeper insight into the history and current status of REC administration, with a specific focus on capacity development programs available for research ethics administrators. A questionnaire was then distributed to 36 research ethics administrators to determine the current responsibilities, training requirements and needs of the role, focusing on the local situation of REC capacity development. The first draft of the capacity development framework was developed through triangulating findings from the scoping review and questionnaire. A Delphi survey of the designed framework, completed by 13 experts from South Africa and abroad, was then conducted until consensus was reached. Results: From the 22 studies synthesised in the scoping review, two reported that there had been two capacity development efforts for administrators in Africa, namely the African Conference for Administrators of Research Ethics Committees, and the West African Bioethics Training Program. Thirty-six (36) administrators from National Health Research Ethics Council-registered ethics committees in South Africa participated in the online cross- sectional survey. Nearly 49% of the participants indicated that they had only received informal research-ethics-related training – not targeted formal training. Of the 23 research ethics exper

Published
2021

19. A Survey to Determine the Capacity Development Needs of Research Ethics Committee Administrators in South Africa.

Author

Mulondo, Mutshidzi A., Tsoka-Gwegweni, Joyce M., LenkaBula, Puleng, and Chikobvu, Perpetual

Subjects
CAPACITY building, ETHICS committees, RESEARCH ethics, RESEARCH & development, PUBLIC health research, INTERNET surveys
Abstract

Most capacity development efforts for research ethics committees focus on committee members and little on ethics administrators. Increasing studies mandate the focus on administrators' capacity development needs to enable adequate and effective committee support. This study investigated current responsibilities, training requirements, and administrator role needs. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among administrators from 62 National Health Research Ethics Council-registered research ethics committees in South Africa. In total, 36 administrators completed the questionnaire. Results show that, in addition to administration, they perform managerial, review process and guidance-advisory tasks. Nearly 49% indicated only having received informal research ethics-related training, not targeted formal training, with 81% of the informal training being through workshops. Research ethics administrators' responsibilities have evolved to complex tasks requiring targeted capacity development efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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22. Predictors of condom use and refusal among the population of Free State province in South Africa

Author

Chandran Thoovakkunon, Berkvens Dirk, Chikobvu Perpetual, Nöstlinger Christiana, Colebunders Robert, Williams Brian, and Speybroeck Niko

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background This study investigated the extent and predictors of condom use and condom refusal in the Free State province in South Africa. Methods Through a household survey conducted in the Free Sate province of South Africa, 5,837 adults were interviewed. Univariate and multivariate survey logistic regressions and classification trees (CT) were used for analysing two response variables ‘ever used condom’ and ‘ever refused condom’. Results Eighty-three per cent of the respondents had ever used condoms, of which 38% always used them; 61% used them during the last sexual intercourse and 9% had ever refused to use them. The univariate logistic regression models and CT analysis indicated that a strong predictor of condom use was its perceived need. In the CT analysis, this variable was followed in importance by ‘knowledge of correct use of condom’, condom availability, young age, being single and higher education. ‘Perceived need’ for condoms did not remain significant in the multivariate analysis after controlling for other variables. The strongest predictor of condom refusal, as shown by the CT, was shame associated with condoms followed by the presence of sexual risk behaviour, knowing one’s HIV status, older age and lacking knowledge of condoms (i.e., ability to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy, availability, correct and consistent use and existence of female condoms). In the multivariate logistic regression, age was not significant for condom refusal while affordability and perceived need were additional significant variables. Conclusions The use of complementary modelling techniques such as CT in addition to logistic regressions adds to a better understanding of condom use and refusal. Further improvement in correct and consistent use of condoms will require targeted interventions. In addition to existing social marketing campaigns, tailored approaches should focus on establishing the perceived need for condom-use and improving skills for correct use. They should also incorporate interventions to reduce the shame associated with condoms and individual counselling of those likely to refuse condoms.

Published
2012
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24. Risk factors for COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality in a high HIV and tuberculosis prevalence setting in South Africa: a cohort study

Author

Jassat, Waasila, Cohen, Cheryl, Tempia, Stefano, Masha, Maureen, Goldstein, Susan, Kufa, Tendesayi, Murangandi, Pelagia, Savulescu, Dana, Walaza, Sibongile, Bam, Jamy-Lee, Davies, Mary-Ann, Prozesky, Hans W, Naude, Jonathan, Mnguni, Ayanda T, Lawrence, Charlene A, Mathema, Hlengani T, Zamparini, Jarrod, Black, John, Mehta, Ruchika, Parker, Arifa, Chikobvu, Perpetual, Dawood, Halima, Muvhango, Ntshengedzeni, Strydom, Riaan, Adelekan, Tsholofelo, Mdlovu, Bhekizizwe, Moodley, Nirvasha, Namavhandu, Eunice L, Rheeder, Paul, Venturas, Jacqueline, Magula, Nombulelo, Blumberg, Lucille, Abdullah, Shaina, Abrahams, Fiona, Adams, Vincentius, Adnane, Fhima, Adoni, Sonia, Adoons, Dieketso Melitta, Africa, Veronique, Aguinaga, D, Akach, Susan, Alakram Khelawon, Prisha, Aldrich, George, Alesinloye, Olatunde, Aletta, Mathale Biniki, Alice, Mametja, Aphane, Tebogo, Archary, Moherndran, Arends, Felicity, Arends, Shireen, Aser, Munonde, Asmal, T, Asvat, Mohammed, Avenant, Theunis, Avhazwivhoni, Muvhali, Azuike, Magnolia, Baartman, Johanna, Babalwa, Dlava, Badenhorst, Johan, Badenhorst, Miranda, Badripersad, Bianca, Badul, Lalihla, Bagananeng, M, Bahle, Mncedisi, Balfour, Liezl, Balfour, Liezl, Baloyi, T C, Baloyi, S, Baloyi, Tinyiko, Baloyi, Tshepo Mpho, Banda, Thokozani, Barit, Shimon, Bartsch, Nicole, Bayat, Junaid, Bazana, Siyabulela, Beetge, Marlene, Beetge, Marlene, Bekapezulu, Nosindiso, Belebele, Rammala, Bella, Phala, Belot, Zanenkululeko, Bembe, Lindi Gladys, Bensch, Sonja, Beukes, Gishma, Bezuidenhout, Karla, Bhembe, Themba, Bikisha, N A, Bilenge, Ben, Bishop, Leesa, Biyela, Baphamandla, Blaauw, Cyntheola, Blaylock, Mark, Bodley, Nicola, Bogale, Power, Bokolo, Sibongile, Bolon, Stefan, Booysen, Mary, Booysen, Eldereze, Boretti, Lia, Borges, Paula, Boshoga, Millicent, Bosman, Natasha, Bosvark, Lucinda, Botes, Nicky, Botha, Adele, Botha, Chantall, Botha, Jana, botha, Chantall, Botha, Mandlakayise Irvin, Botha, Alet, Bradbury, Janet, Breakfast, Zandisile, Breed, Maria, Brenda, Molele, Brice, Moshito, Britz, Jolene, Brown, Amanda, Buchanan, T, Bucwa, Thozama, Burger, Crystelle, Busakwe, Ziyanda, Bushula, Nosiviwe, Buthelezi, Zinhle, Buthelezi, Dumsile, Buthelezi, Thubelihle, Buthelezi, Mpumelelo Basil, Buthelezi, Fundiswa Lidwina, Bux, Nadia, Buys, Christoff, Buys, Anneline, Caka, Ernestina, Canal, Armando Sanchez, Caroline, Sithole, Casper, Monrick, Cawood, Shannon, Cebisa, Oratile, Cele, Nothando, Cele, Sboniso, Cele, Sthembile Goodness, Chauke, Mkhacani, Chauke, Pinkie, Chelin, Nevil, Chen, Xiaohui, Chetty, Venmalla, Chetty, Kerisse, Cheu, Christinah, Chibabhai, Vindana, Chirima, Takudzwa, ChisaleMabotja, Mantwa, Chivenge, Charity, Choene, Ngoasheng, Choko, Mbali Nosisa, Choshi, Martin, Chowdhury, Sabbir, Christoforou, Anastacia, Chuene, S L S, Chueu, T S, Cilliers, Dale, Cilliers, Vanessa, Claassen, Marcel, Cloete, Jeané, Coelho, Chantelle, Coelho, Chantelle, Coetzee, Carol, Coetzee, Hans Jurgens, Coetzee, Christine, Coetzee, Marelize, Coetzer, Dane, Coka, Sizwe, Colane, M, Combrink, Herkulaas, Conjwa, Songezo, Contrad, Colleen, Cornelissen, Faith, Cronje, Leezelle, Crouse, Christine, Dabi, Tshidi, Dandala, Ziyanda, Dangor, Ziyaad, Daniel, Gildenhuys, Daniel, Ngwana, Daumas, Alfred, Dauth, Madelein, David, Mongalo, Davids, Wayne, Daweti, Nozuko, Dawood, Halima, Dayile, Wandisa, De Bruin, B, De Klerk, Karin, De la Rosa, Tanya, de Nysschen, Marice, De vos, Marie, De Wet, Darien, Debising, Mohith, Deenadayalu, Darshan, Dekeda, Babalwa, Desiree, Mofokeng, Deysel, Annelise, Dhlamini, Abram, Diala, Makgethwa Dhlala, Diale, Mathapelo, Diketane, Bella, Dingani, Nosisa, Diniso, Siyabonga, Diphatse, Lesego, Diya, Anele, Dladla, Zihloniphile, Dladla, Nompumelelo, Dladla, Mlungisi, Dladla, Patience, Dlamini, Baphilie, Dlamini, Nonhlanhla, Dlamini, Linda, Dlamini, Nonzwakazi, Dlamini, Wendy, Dlamini, Ncomeka, Dlamini, Siyabonga, Dlamini, Nicodemus, Dlamini, Lebohang, Dlamini, Motshedise, Dlava, Babalwa Christine, Dlova, Phikiwe, Dlozi, Lindiwe, Doreen, Maenetja, Doyi, Vumile, Doyi, Athini, Du Plessis, Belinda, du Plessis, Johanna Aletta, du Plessis, Eddie, du Plessis, Nicolette, du Plessis, Karin, du Toit, Briette, du Toit, Narissa, Dube, Jabulile, Dubula, Athayanda, Duduzile, Msomi, Duiker, Sechaba, Duma, Unati Bongile, Duma, Kholiwe, Dunne, Kella, Dyantyi, Kholeka, Dyantyi, Avile, Dyasi, Simphiwe, Dyondzo, Chauke, Dyubhele, Phelisa, Dywili, B J, Edwards, Letitia, Eksteen, Madie, Ellis, Tersia, Ellis, Tia, Emmerson, Glenda, Enslin, Theusia, Epule, Odimula, Erasmus, Lana, Erick, Mathonsi, Etsane, Lerato, Eunice, Shimange, Fani, Zanele, Ferreira, Mariette, Finger-Motsepe, K L, Floris, Fabion, Fobo, Tseko, Fokotsane, Keresemetse, Fokwana, Duduzile Emmelda, Fords, Genevieve Marion, Fortein, Juanita, Fouche, Christine, Fourie, Rulandi, Frean, Andrew, Fredericks, Ludwig, Funda, Wandile, funjwa, kabelo, Futhane, Martha, Futuse, Amanda, Gabaediwe, Dora, Gabuza, Nonhlanhla, Galant, Janycke, Gama, Zanele, Gano, Thobile, Gardiner, Emma Cora, Gastrow, Henri, Gate, Kelly, Gaunt, Ben, Gavaza, Rikhotso, Gayi, Thapelo, Gcakasi, Nkosinathi, Gcobo, Nomusa, Geffen, Leon, Geldenhuys, S, George, Jenny, Gerber, Martha, Getyengana, Zolisa, Gigi, Nkululo, Gihwala, Radha, Gilliland, Mitchell, Gloria, Zandile, Glover, Elitia, Gokailemang, Ellen, Goosen, Suseth, Gopane, Maria, Gosa-Lufuta, Thandazile, Gosnell, Bernadett, Gouws, Sharleen, Govender, Christina, Govender, Raksha, Govender, Pearl, Govender, Sally, Govender, Christina, Govender, Roxanne, Govender, K, Govender, Savie, Govinden, Rashika, Gqabuza, Luphumlo, Gqaji, Nomthandazo, Gqetywa, Maneo, Green, Caroline, Green, Nathan, Green, Neera, Grobler, Hendrik, Groenwald, Pamela, Grootboom, Daniel, Gumede, Beatrice, Gumede, Nomonde, Gumede, Simphiwe, Gumede, Simphiwe, Gumede, Slindile, Gumede, Ntombikayise, Gumede, Zenande, Gxotiwe, Thandiswa, H L, Makhubela, Hadebe, Nonhlanhla, Hadebe, Skhumbuzo, Halkas, Christos, Hamer, Ansie, Hamida, Ebrahim, Hammond, Juan, Haniff, Sumayia, Hare, Annelise, Hattingh, lorinda, Hendricks, Thenjiwe, Henecke, Philip-George, Henly-Smith, Brends, Herselman, Glynis, Heymans, Ansie, Heyns, Chantel, Hlabahlaba, Golekane, Hlabangwane, Lucky, Hlamarisa, Simango, Hlanzi, Ntokozo, Hlela, Hlengiwe, Hlokwe, Katlego, Hlongwa, Thembinkosi, Hlongwana, Anele, Hlubi, Themba, Hobo, Tozama, Hopane, Nare Nathaniel, House, Mariska, Hudson, Catharina, Huysamen, Marinda, Indheren, Jezreen, Ingle, Samantha, Isaacs, Gavin, Isaacs, T S Thekiso, Itumeleng, Maringa, J van Rensburg, Karien, Jackson, Saloshni, Jacob, Neziswa, Jacobs, Burton, Jacobs, Tshireletso, Jacobs, Gugulethu, Jaftha, Mesadi, Jaji, Zimkhitha, Jali, Sibusiso, James, Gcobisa, January, Gillian, Jeke, Andiswa, Jeremiah, Laurent, Jeremiah, L S, Jhetam, Mubeen, John, Maureen, John, Chuene, Jola, Thandiwe, Jonas, Yolande, Jonas, Anovick, Juggernath, Amilcar, Kaba, Eileen, Kabo, Venetia, Kadi, Disebo, Kaizer, Karabo, Kambule, Moshaya Peter, Kapp, Lorraine, Kau, Tshepo, Keneth, Nchabeleng, Kgabi, O, Kgafela, Tebogo Audrey, Kgakgadi, Vincent, Kgaswe, Isabella, Kgathlane, Tsholofelo, Kgetha, Vuyelwa Julia, Kgomojoo, Mmaselloane, Kgoro, B, Kgosiemang, Christinah, Kgosiencho, Gloria, Khambula, Stephen, Khan, Ariffa, Khanare, Refemetswe, Khanyase, Ncamsile, Khanyile, Nokwethemba, Kharatsi, Fillip, Khawula, Simangele, Khohlakala, Themba, Khomo, Letitia, Khoza, Isabel, Khoza, Sinethemba, Khukule, Nombulelo, Khumalo, Busisiwe, Khumalo, Tracy, khumalo, Zinhle, Khumalo, Vuyelwa, Khumalo, Delisile, Khumalo, Lebohang, Khumalo, Boitumelo, Khumalo, Thuli, Khumalo, Gugu, Khuzwayo, Bongiwe, Khuzwayo, Thembhelihle, Kidson, Hennie, Kistan, Jesne, Klaas, Gugu, Klassen, Marilyn, Koeberg, Josehine, Koen, Marizel, Koena, Simphiwe, Kok, Ina, Kola, Imraan, Kolokoto, Karabo, Konar, Ramachandra, Kotsedi, Dr, Kotze, Jaline, Koupis, Martins, Kritzinger, Helen, Kruger, Marlize, Kruger, Henk, Kubayi, Tlangelani, Kubeka, Thabisile, Kubheka, Nonjabulo, Kubheka, Melusi, Kubheka, Sibusiso Clifford, Kubheka, Erol, Kumalo, Monica, Kunene, Thulani, Kunene, Siphilile Candy, Kunneke, Yvette, Kupa, R P, Kutama, Rachel, Kwakwazi, Nompumelelo, Kweyama, Lwanele, Labuschagne, Maureen, Labuschagne, Marina, Lakshman, Prabha, Lakshman, Prabha, Lamani, Lungelo, Lamani, Thembela, Langa, Naomi, Langeni, Khangelani, Langeni, Aphelele, Langeni, Nwabisa Hazel, Langeveldt, Gena, Laubscher, Anchen, Le Roux, Laetitia, Leah, Magagane, Lebea, Collen, Lebea, Sello, Lebenya, Viyella Phumla Cynthia, Lebogang, Lorraine, Leboho, P K, Lee, Chantel, Lefakane, Kelebogile Rejoice, Legoabe, Zandile, Lekala, Patrick, Lekhoaba, Motsitsi, Lekunutu, Tanki Shadrack, Lerefolo, Galaletsang, Letebele, N, Lethoba, Tsepo Patric, Letlalo, Emission, Letlhage, Ofentse, Letshufi, D S V, Letsoalo, Dineo Fiona, Letsoalo, Seleka Jones, Letsoalo, Pennelope, Letwaba, Getrude, Linda, Sobekwa, Lipholo, Katleho, Litabe, Sabata, Lochan, Harsha, Lomax, Linda, Lombaard, Francina, Loots, Elmarie, Lourens, Ariana, Lourens, Ariana, Louw, Celeste, Louw, Rianna, Lubambo, Zikhona, Lubambo, Msebenzi Moises, Ludada, Gregory, Lukas, Michael, Lungu, Thembela, Lupindo, Nomvume, Lusenga, Emmah, Luthuli, Happiness, Luvuno, Zoleka Sylvia, M H, Gwangwa, Maarman, Mustafa, Mabaso, Buyisiwe, Mabaso, Cynthia, Mabitle, Morena, Mabogoane, Grace, Mabone, Kgakgamatso, Mabuza, Rueben, Mabuza, Velaphi, Madiseng, Mogantla, Madlala, Thobile, Madolo, Mashooase, Madonsela, Thabiso, Madubanya, Lesetsa, Maepa, Amukelani, Mafumana, Namhla, Mafumo, Caroline, Magadla, Pumeza, Magale, Viscah, Magaqa, Nompumelelo, Magda, Oberholzer, Magdeline, Rakgoale, Maggie, Tswai, Maginxa, Bongeka, Magoba, Cathrine Maite, Magongwa, Caroline, Magubane, Agretia, Magubane, Agretia Ntombizodwa, Magwai, R, Mahabane, D I, Mahabeer, Padmini, Mahadulula, Elsie, Mahanjana, Lungiswa, Maharaj, Amy, Mahlambi, Qedusiza, Mahlangu, Yvonne, Mahlangu, Lerato, Mahlangu, Ntombifikile, Mahlangu, Makhosazana, Mahlangu, Mahlatsi, Mahlasela, Penelope, Mahlatse, Thosago, Mahlobo, Regina, Mahole, Dikhing, Mahomed, Adam, Mahubane, Mapeu Debora, Mahume, Peter, Maifo, Lehlogonolo, Maimane, Vincent, Maimele, Petunia, Maine, Phakoe, Mainongwane, Patricia Senyanyathi, Majamani, Nomalungisa, Majozini, Amahle, Makalima, Noluthando, Makam, Nomfundo, Makamba, Khanyisa, Makan, R, Makarapa, Mashiane, Makgahlela, Malesela, Makgisa, Mogoiwa David, Makgomo, Makgoba, Makgopa, M A, Makhalema, Mabone, Makhanya, Lindokuhle Lizo, Makhanya, Philile Valentia, Makharaedzha, Tolerance, Makhathini, Nathi, Makhesi, Elizabeth, Makhubela, Cinile, Makhunga, Nkululeko Freedom, Makhupula, Nomalinge, Makhura, R R, Makola, Rangwato, Makuba, Zingisa, Makubalo, Asanda, Makumsha, Lonwabo, Makuya, George, Malaka, Levy Mmachuene, Malangeni, Themba, Malatji, M L, Malebana-Metsing, Pelonomi, Malek, Malek, Malevu, Luthando, Malevu, Luthando, Malgas, Juanita, Malgas, Dimakatso, Malope, Paul Makgasane, Malose, Monyeki, Maluleke, Katekani, Mambane, Kato, Mamorobela, Nthabiseng, Manamela, Kukami, Manana, Tshepo, Maneto, Sathiel, Manganye, Aron Kabelo, Mangena, Pheto, Mangoale, Anna, Mangozho, Tinotenda Florence, Manickchund, Pariva, Mankayi, Zandisile, Manning, Arthur, Manyaapelo, Kelebogile Manyaapelo, Manyane, Tabea, Manzana, Zoliswa, Manzini, Milton, Mapasa-Dube, Busisiwe, Maphumulo, Siboniso, Maphumulo, Ntombifuthi, Maponya, Sindy, Maponya, Khomotso Mumsy, Maponya, Napjadi, Maqubela, Lami, Maqubela, Lizeka, Maqungo, Vuyo, Marais, Marisa, Marais, Chantal, Maramba, Nondumiso, Mare, Annelize, Maredi, Madumetsa, Martins, Afikile, Marule, Johanna, Marumo, Refilwe, Masakona, N N, Masehla, Kedibone Vincentia, Maseko, Eric, Maselesele, Tshilidzi, Maselo, Mojalefa, Maseloa, M, Masemola, M E, Masemola, Thembi, Mashaba, Bella, Mashangwane, James, Mashao, Mantebele, Mashego, Shalom, Mashele, Lerato, Mashiane, Ester, Mashibini, Joyce, Mashilo, J, Mashiloane, Tumi, Mashishi, Charity, Mashiyi, Ngazibini, Mashudu, Khomola, Masindi, Aluwani, Maslo, Caroline, Masondo, Nduduzo, Masuku, Dumisile, Matamela, Cry, Matandela, Mirriam, Mathabela, Nontokozo, Mathabi, T, Mathe, Keitumetse, Mathebula, Mathabo, Mathebula, Catherine, Mathebula, Mdungazi Andres, Mathenjwa, Nqobizwe, Mathibe, Jane, Mathibela, Lebohang, Mathilda, Makwela, Mathiva, Khakhu, Mathobela, Mokgadi Alinah, Mathonsi, Fikile Pearl, Mathonsi, K P, Mathosa, Katlego, Matiwane, Noluvo, Matjeke, Emma, Matjiane, Bella, Matjila, Thabang, Matlala, Chidi, Matome, Petlo, Matoti, Nolusindiso, Matseliso, C, Matsemela, Dineo, Matsha, Phumeza, Matshediso, Gaalebale Prudence, Matshediso, Motsumi, Matshela, Esther, Mavuma, Bongeka, Mavundla, Pearl, Mavuso, Nomthandazo, Mawasha, Lovender, Mawelela, Rebecca, Mazibuko, Nelisiwe, Mazibuko, Phumlani, Mazubane, Lindiwe, Mbanjwa, Bavumile, Mbasa, Ayanda, Mbatha, Nosimilo, Mbatha, Zanele, Mbatha, Rudolph Zenzele, Mbedzi, Gift, Mbizi, Tatenda Trevor, Mbonambi, Khumbulani, Mboniswa, Nondumiso, Mbonisweni, Nomfanelo, Mbuilu, Jody, Mbulawa, Siyabonga, Mbutho, Zama, Mbuzi, Natasha, Mchunu, Nonkululeko, Mchunu, Cyprian, Mchunu, Nokuzola, Mchunu, Masesi Thandeka, Mciteka, Vuyokazi, Mdaka, Solly, Mdakane, Neho, Mdediswa, Siyabonga, Mdima, Melusi, Mdima Masondo, Nozipho, Mdindana, Siviwe, Mdleleni, Ntombizikhona, Mdletshe, Sibusiso, Mdoda, Gcobisa Precious, Mdolo, Ntombi, Mdontsane, Anele, Mehta, Ruchikas, Memela, Philile Rittah, Methuse, Masande, Metshile, Keatlaretse, Metuse, Pheliswa, Meyer, Anton, Meyer, Gavin, Meyer, Cameron, Mfazwe, Sisonke, Mfecane, Andiswa, Mfecane, Bongeka, Mfeka, Nelisiwe, Mgaga, Busisiwe, Mgauli, Thandiwe Portia, Mgedezi, Thembekile, Mgedezi, Vuyokazi, Mgevane, Kalipile, Mgiba, Bongni, Mgoduka, Babalwa, Mhlaba, Patrick, Mhlaba, Zeldah, Mhlanga, Ntombizodwa, Mhlinza, Vangile, Mhlongo, Nokuthula, Mhlongo, sibongiseni, Mhlotshana, Unamandla, Mikateko, Mabaso, Minnie, Helena, Mintoor, Karen, Miyeni, Bongi, M J, Mabelane, Mjethu, Rosy, Mkhize, Gloria, Mkhize, Mvuselelo, Mkhize, Ntokozo Siyabonga, Mkhize, Victoria, Mkhize, Nomkhosi, Mkhize, Nokuthula, Mkhwanazi, Mathini, Mkile, Nolwandle, Mkise, Kholofelo, Mkiya, Nokwandiso, Mkongi, Pearl, Mkongi, Pearl, Mkungeka, Mnonopheli, Mlahleki, Hlomile, Mlibali, Nolukholo, Mlungwana, Sakhumzi, Mmachele, Jonas, Mmateka, Mashatole, Mmokwa, Molebatsi, Mmutlane, Thembisa, Mndebele, Zanele Olive, Mngomezulu, Nonhlanhla, Mnguni, Noluthando Millicent, Mngunyana, Pumza, Mngunyana, Nomxolisi, Mngxekeza, Ntombebongo, Mnisi, Zenzele, Mnqayi, Hlengiwe Precious, Mnqayi, Phumzile, Mntungwa, Thabiso, Mnyaka, Siya, Mnyakeni, Ntombikayise, Mnyamana, Vuyani, Mnyipika, Nomzingisi, Moabelo, Koena, Moatshe, Mmakgoshi Alseria, Mochaki-Senoge, Jennifer, Moche, Sharon, Mocwagae, Tebello, Modibane, Koeikantse, Modimoeng, Tebogo godfrey, Modisa, Obakeng, Modisane, Itumeleng, Modise, Olebogeng, Modjadji, Makaepeaa Flovia, Modupe, Sharon, Moeketsi, Maja, Moeketsi, Ntswaki, Moeng, Kereditse Kingsley, Mofamere, Naledi Nthabiseng, Mofokeng, Samuel, Mofokeng, Thabo, Mofomme, Jonas, Mogakane, Vicky, Mogale, Lehlohonolo, Mogapi, Audrey, Mogashoa, Thomas, Mogatla, Mphaka James, Mogoale, Kgaladi, Mohajane, Dikeledi Maggie, Mohapi, Nkuba, Mohatsela, Mthoamihla, Mohlala, Irene, Mohlala, Daphney, Mohlamonyane, Mpho, Mohutsiwa, Bonolo Millord, Moipone, Selemela, Moisi, Tshepang, Mojalefa, Nelly, Moji, Vuyo, Mokangwana, Buhle, Mokgabo, Matloa, Mokgaetji, Manaka, Mokgaotsi, Jane, Mokgoro, Neo Theodore, Mokhatla, Thalitha, Mokhele, Lerato Lovedalia, Mokhema, Sheila, Mokoena, Mamoya, Mokoena, Mojalefa, Mokome, Lleka, Mokone, Cynthia, Mokono, Ipeleng, Mokonyama, Thabiso, Mokori, Josiah, Mokuena, Dolores, Mokumo, Danny, Mokwena, Oddy, Mokwena, Kgaogelo, Mokwena, Kgantshi Sam, Mokwene, Lebogang, Molate, Thato Elliott, Molebalwa, Ditoche, Molefe, Boingotlo, Molehe, Kgopa Stanley, Moleme, Kgomotso, Moliane, Sarah, Moloi, Fanyana, Molorane, Retshepile Joseph, Molotsi, Glenda Tsholanang, Molukanele, Lerato, Monareng, Joy, Moncho, Thapelo, Monica, Modiadie, Monnane, Refilwe, Monqo, Andile, Montewa, Neo, Montsioa, Kgalalelo, Monyaki, Reitumetse, Monyane, Masekhobe Jeanett, Monyela, Lipson, Moodley, Yudeshan, Moodley, Kriesen, Moodley, Kaira, Mooka, Boitumelo Donald, Moonsamy, Prea, Moopanar, Simmi, Moore, David, Mophethe, Lineo, Moremedi, Tshegohatso, Moremong, Kealeboga, Morgan, Nthangeni, Moripa, Egma, Morris, Lulamile, Mosala, Me. A.M., Mosana, Thabo, Mosase, Alice, Mose, Yolanda, Mosehlo, Maponya, Moseki, Mothusi, Moshabe, Mojalefa David, Moshai, D A, Moshani, Mbulelo, Moshani, Pelisa, Mosima, Ledwaba, Mosima, Ezrom, Mosoma, M P, Motaung, Lebohang, Motaung, Mokete, Motaung Xhama, Thozama Charmain, Motha, Purine Khethiwe, Motimele, Lerato, Motimeng, Boitumelo, Motladiile, Shirley, Motlhabane, Otsile, Motlhamme, Joshua, Motloba, Mandla, Motse, Kagiso, Motshegoa, Sophia, Moutlana, Edward, Mouton, Irma, Moya, Zanele, Moyake, Nomonde, M P, Maja, Mpete, Jenny, Mpfuni, Luamba Meltha, Mphahlele, Seputule Mphahlele, Mphake, Mashadi, Mphanya, Ephraim Letlhogonolo, Mphaphuli, Mashudu, Mphela, Tebogo Chwene, Mpontshane, MS, Mqotyana, Thabile, Mqungquthu, Babalwa, Msane, Noluthando Busane, Mseleku, Malusi, Msibi, Sibusiso, Msibi, Mancele, Msibi, Thulisile, Msibi, Siyabonga Linda, Msiza, Clement Nhlanhla, Msomi, Lungelo, Mtatambi, Mandlenkosi, Mthathambi, Thembisa, Mthembu, December, Mthembu, Nhlahla, Mthembu, Fezile Mbali, Mthembu, Lungiswa, Mthethwa, Nompumelelo Petunia, Mthimkhulu, Khulekani, Mthuli, Lungani Percival, Mthunzi, Ashley, Mtolo, Xolani Sydney, Mtolo, Nomonde Precious, Mtshali, Linda, Mtwa, Neliswa, Mtyobile, Fezeka, Mtyobile, Kanyisa, Mudau, Mpfariseni, Muemeleli, Magwabeni, Mulaudzi, Isaac, Mulaudzi, Rebecca, Mulaudzi, Mhlelekedzeni, Muligwe, Dakalo Rejoyce, Muponda, Blessing, Mushadi, Mmbangiseni Stella, Mushid, M, Muthaphuli, Konanani, Muthavhine, J, Muthika, Mpho, Mvelase, Samkelisiwe, Mvelase, Vusi, Mwehu, Laurent Kayumba, Myaka, Thabile, myburgh, Magriet, Mzamo, Zimkhitha, Mzawuziwa, Fezeka, Mzini, Mfundo Lunga, Mzizana, Oscar, Mzobe, Ntokozo, Mzobe, Thokozile, Mzobe, Zamaswazi, Mzwandile, Mtimkulu, Naby, Fathima, Naicker, Keshnee, Naicker, Pregashnie, Naicker, Saroja, Naicker, Pershen, Naicker, Saiyen Virgil, Naidoo, Ria, Naidoo, Sam, Naidoo, Mergan, Naidoo, Kamalambal, Naidoo, Aroomugam, Naku, Sivuyile, Nakwa, Firdose, Nancy, Masoga, Nathan, Rita, Naude, Maritsa, Ncaza, Gcobisa, Ncaza, Aviwe, Ncha, Relebohile, Ncoyini, Yanelisa, Ncube, Snothile, Ndaba, Mrs, Ndaba, Vusumuzi, Ndaba, Mmapula, Ndawonde, Siziwe, Ndevu, Ziphozihle, Ndhlovu, Nonhlanhla Faith, Ndima, Simphiwe, Ndlela, Sindisiwe, Ndlela, Thobsile P, Ndlovu, Nobuhle, Ndlovu, Nwabisa, Ndlovu, Virginia Dipuo, Ndlumbini, Sombekhaya, Nduli, Khululiwe, Nduli, Priscilla Nontokozo, Ndwambi, Michael, Nel, Jeremy, Nel, Rina, Nel, Lizelle, Nemanashi, Ntsundeni florah, Nemudivhiso, Usinkhangwe Nyaphophi, Nemutavhanani, Joyce Nemutavhanani, Nene, Jabu, Nene, Xolani, Netshilonga, David, Netsianda, Rendani, Newton, Charmaine, Ngalo, Vuyo Leroy, Ngani, Ncumisa, Ngcakaza, Thabisa Monica, Ngcobo, Thamela, Ngcobo, Trulove Nonhlanhla, Ngcobo, Richards, Ngcobo, Gcinile, Ngcobo, Guguletu, Ngetu, Thozama, Ngewu, Pinkie, Ngobeni, Tshepo, Ngobeni, Providence, Ngobeni, Khanyisile, Ngobeni, Prudence, Ngobese, Thembisile, Ngomane, Tracy, Ngondo, Nolusindiso, Ngubane, Nokukhanya, Ngubane, Sithembiso, Nguse, Ntombizodwa Praxedise, Ngwane, Tholakele, Ngwasheng, Elizabeth, Ngwenya, Siphamandla, Ngwenya, Gugu, Ngwenya, Nomthandazo, Ngwenya, Themba, Ngwenya, Eva, Ngxola, Zintlanu, Nhabe, Tshegofatso, Nhlabathi, Jabulile, Nhlangwana, Ishmael, Nhlapo, Sithembile, Nick, Matlala, Niemand, Vicky, Nienaber, Carina, Nix, Louise, Njikelana, Chumisa, Njomi, Masiza, Nkabinde, Lucia, NKABINDE, M, Nkabiti, Boitumelo, Nkabule, Gugu, Nkadimeng, Mankopodi, Nkanjeni, Nonkanyiso, Nkatlo, Palesa Portia, Nkewana, Bongani, Nkhwashu, Audrey, Nkoana, Ngokoana, Nkoane, Mmathapelo, Nkogatse, M, Nkomo, Fezile, Nkomo, Ntando, Nkonyane, Nontobeko, Nkosi, Sydney, Nkosi, Ntombikayise, Nkosi, Phumzile, Nkosi, Ntombifuthi, NKOSI, TINTSWALO, Nkosi, ML, Nkosi, Godfrey, Nkosi, Amukelani, Nkosi, Fikile Vinoliah, Nkosi, Mbali, Nkosi, Nomcebo Lucia, Nkosi, Siphokazi, Nkuhlu, Amanda, Nkumane, Phumzile, Nkuna, Malebo, Nkwakwha, Wendy, Noge, Sesi, Nolte, Elizabeth, Nomawabo, Peko, Nombita, Malibongwe, Nophale, Nandipha, Nothnagel, Jeanetta, Novokoza, Bongiwe, Nqaphi, Zanele, Nqondo, Thobekile, Nqwelo, Siphokazi, N S, Nkoana, Ntabeni, Sindiswa, Ntabeni, Mr, Ntampula, mawethu, Ntebe, Mthutuzeli, Ntela, Mokwabo, Ntimbane, Hezekiah, Ntintsilana, Xolisa, Ntleki, Patrick, Ntobela, Zanele, Ntombela, Bandile, Ntombela, Bandile, Ntombela, Zamaswazi, Ntombela, Khonelihle Zandile, Ntombela, Praisegod Samkelo Thobani, Ntonintshi, Lindiwe, Ntseane, Dipuo, Ntseane, Thobeka, Ntsham, Xolelwa, Ntshele, Mbalenhle, Ntshewula, Amanda, Ntsoko, Zinzi, Ntsoto, Athini, Ntuli, Nomsa, Ntuli, Nokwazi, Ntuli, Nomvula, Ntuli, Andrew Diffar, Ntuli, Faith, Nurnberger, Margrit, Nxala, Ntsikelelo, Nxasane, Sithandiwe, Nxumalo, Thanda, Nyathi, Xolani, Nyawula, Nontobeko, Nzama, Nhlakanipho, Obed, Maila Nkuneng, Ogwal, Florence, Olifant, Maureen, Oliphant, B, Olive, Monota, Olyn, Kagisho, Omoighe, Raymond, One, Phumeza, Oscar, Ratombo, Owen, Nkuna, P, Mailula, Padayachee, Nalini, Padayachy, Vasaily, Pakade, Ntombizakhe, Palime, Mosiuoa, Palisa, Jane, Parker, Arifa, Parkies, Lesenyeho, Parrish, Andy, Patel, Nilesh, Pather, Anastasia, Patience, Mkhombo Tsakani, Patzke, Marisa, Pawuli, Akhumzi, Pelako, Ntandokazi, Penrose, Phaswana Sibasa, Peppeta, Litha, Pershad, Santosh, Pertunia, Makheda, Pertunia, Nkuna, Perumal, Dane, Peter, Mongameli, Peters, Justin, Petlane, Vatiswa, Petrus, Harideen, Phahladira, Kgomotso, Phakisa, Matebesi John, Phale, R, Phathela, Livhuwani, Phillip, Sekate Daniel, Phiri, Beverly, Phiri, Mapule Precious, Phokane, Thapelo, Phokoane, Frank, Pholosho, Moele, Phooko, Sekoro, Phooko, Sekodi Geoffrey, Phutiane, Maponya, Pillay, Faiza, Pillay, Melanie, Pillay, Sayuri, Pillay, C R, Plaatjie, Zikhona, Pootona, James, Potgieter, Samantha, Potgieter, Marius, Precious, Mulaudzi Mulatedzi, Pretorius, Paul Janus, Prozesky, Hans, Pule, Mokhethi, Punwasi, Jayshina, Putzier, Dot, Qankqiso, Lutho, Qebedu, Siphokazi, Qhola, Phozisa, Qotoyi, Ntombesithathu, Qotso, Sipho Victor, Qwabe, Zanele, Rabie, Helena, Rabothata, Phoebe, Rachoene, Christina, Radana, Mteteleli, Radebe, Maria, Radebe, Dr. Valentino, Radebe, Nonkululeko, Radinne, Ella, Raduvha, Sherly, Raghunath, Shamintha, Rajagopaul, Claudine, Rakgwale, Mary, Ralethe, Malumbete Michael, Ralimo, Kenneth, Ramafoko, Motlalepule, Ramagoma, Maduvhahafani, Raman, Charlotte, Ramavhuya, Dr, Rambally, Molly, Ramdeen, Nivasha, Ramdin, Tanusha, Rameshwarnath, Sharita, Ramkillawan, Yeishna, Ramotlou, Rampedi, Faith, Rampersad, Vijayluxmi, Ramuima, Avhashoni, Ranone, Noluthando, Rapasa, Mabohlale Portia, rapelang, Mpharoane, Raphaely, Nika, Rashokeng, Lesiba, Rashopola, Caroline, Ratau, Tebogo, Ratau, M, Ratshili, Mpfariseni David, Rautenbach, Elmari, Ravele, Rofhiwa, Reachable, Johannes, Rebecca, Peta Mmalahla, Reddy, Kessendri, Redfern, Andrew, Reed, Robertha, Rees, Mumsy, Reji, Dr, Reubenson, Gary, Rewthinarain, Veena, Rheeder, Paul, Rhulani, Nkonayani, Richard, Mufamadi, Rikhotso, J S, Rikhotso, Shatimone Beverley, Robert, Lavhelani Ndivhaleni, Roto, Noncedo, Ruder, Gideon, Rugnath, Kapil, Ruiters, Lizette, Ruiters, Mina, Russell, Sue, Ruwiza, Lynn, R Y, Molokoane, Saaiman, Mandy, Sabela, Emmanuel, Sadiq, Lerato, Saki, Litha, Salambwa, Hyppolite, Samjowan, Menitha, Samodien, Nazlee, Samuel, Rakgolele, Sandile, Fakudze, Sanelisiwe, Cekuse, Sani, Mandlankosi, Sawuka, Simangele, Schoeman, Lelani, Scholts, Magriet, Schroder, Ronel, Sebalabala, Mamotetekoane, Sebati, Selwalenkwe Collet, Seboko, Jacoline, Sebuthoma, Wilheminah, Segami, Annah, Segokotlo, Ruth, Sehloho, MR, Seisa, Khutjo, Sekgobela, Antony, Sekhosana, Monica, Sekonyela, John, Sekoto, Mpho, Sekulisa, Naledi, Sekwadi, Mokgadi Vanessa, Selaelo, Lebogo, Selatlha, Johannes, Selekolo, Kgomotso, Selfridge, William, Semenya, Lucy, Sengakane, Ivy, Sengata, Masabata, Sentle, Petronella, Seoketsa, Malebo, Seonandan, Pratheesha, Serumula, Thomas Mambushi, Setheni, Nkululeko, Setlale, Refiloe, Setlhodi, Tumediso, Setlhodi, Barbara, Setloghele, Robert, Sewpersad, Aarthi, Sewpersadh, Ryan, Shabalala, Phumlile, Shabangu, Owen, Shabangu, Kungesihe, Shabangu, Harriet Sbonangaye, Shabangu, Thokozani, Shadi, Clifford, Shaik, Hasifa, Shale, Tseliso, Shandu, Qedani, Shandu, Nomvelo, Shange, Ntswaki Marcia, Shenxane, Abongile, Sherriff, A, Shezi, Sebenzile, Shezi, Thenjiwe, Shihangule, Scally, Shikwambana, Cheyeza, Shoba, Lungisani, shokane, Kamogelo, Sibande, Nora, Sibeko, Lydia, Sibeko, Xolani, Sibiya, Zanele, Sibiya, Mncedisi, Sibuta, Sphamandla, Sifumba, Thembakazi, Sigcau, Sipho, Sigila, Lutho, Sihentshe, Kayakazi, Sihlangu, Bongani, Sikhakhane, Daisy, Sikhakhane, Shaun Nhlanhla, Siko, Mbali, Sikonje, Sipho, Simanga, Khumbulekile, Simango, Nomsa, Simela, Thulisile, Simelane, Ntombikayise, Singh, Sashah, Singh, Marjorie, Singh, Ragani, Singh, Shash, Singh, Anita, Sithole, Hitekani, Sithole, Senzekile, Sithole, Ntokozo Danielle, Sithole, Koketso Maxwell, Situma, Jonnie, Sivraman, Annie, Siwela, Katekani, Siyewuyewu, Nonqubela, Sizeka, Maweya, Siziba, Nonceba, Skhosana, Andrew, Skhosana, Khanyisile, Skhosana, Rorisang, Skoko, Tandiwe, Slabbert, Sunet, Smangaliso, Ntombela, Smedley, Christine, Smit, Lydia, Smit, Natassia, Smit, Lizelle, Smit, Michelle, Smith, Fasie, Smith, Lizzie, Smith, Sunell, Smith, Cassius, Smuts, Stefan, Sofe, Ayanda, Solomon, Khobane, Solomon, L J, Sombani, chauke, Songca, Richard, Sontamo, Anga, Soorju, Supriya, Sopazi, Zubenathi, Soqasha, Brian, Sosibo, Bongiwe, Sotsaka, Ntsika, Soula, Mandy, Spoor, Simon, Stacey, Sarah, Stali, Asanda, Stephina, Mutele Mmboniseni, Steup, Myra, Steven, Sinoxolo, Stevens, AW, Stevens, Vincent, Steyn, Dewald, Steyn, Bianca, Stocks, Pat, Stolk, Henk, Stoltz, Alida, Strehlau, Renate, Stroebel, Anneke, Strydom, Loraine, Strydom, Jean-Marie, Strydom, Anton, Strydom, Ursula, Sunnyraj, Midhu, Swana, Nwabisa, Swanepoel, Winnie, Swanepoel, Suzan, Swartbooi, Elsie, Swartz, Estley Swartz, Syce, Casandra, T E, Shihambi, Tabane, Joyce, Tabane, N E, Tawana, Mrs, Tebello, Ntene, Tembe, Siphosetu Wiseman, Terblanche, Samantha, Thabede, Ntombifuthi, Thabelo, Nkhumeleni, Thabethe, Sibusiso, Thabo George, Lekhanya, Thare, Keorapetse, Thebogo, Makofane, Thekiso, Lerato, Theko, Lloyd, Themba, Celimphilo Zandi, Theron, Danie, Theron, Henda, Theron, Ilze, Thingathinga, Thandiwe, Thlabadira, M M, Thoka, Dikeledi, Thokwana, Zanele, Thom, Gustav, Thubakgale, Mamphot Joel, Thwala, Theodora, Thys, P, Tieho, Monethi, Timothy, Matodzi, Tintswalo, Ndlovu, Tivana, Babalwa, Tladi, Molefi, Tokota, Bongiwe, Toni, Simthandile, Torres, Ariel, Toubkin, Mande, Tsatsi, Marinda, Tshabalala, Khanyisile, Tshamase, Nozibele, Tshefu, Gontse, Tshegofatjo, Makgoga, Tshikomba, Given, Tshilo, Thapelo, Tshira, Lerato, Tshirado, S T, Tshisikule, Maipfi, Tsoke, G, TSOKE, N, Tsoko, Alatha, Tsotetsi, Mosele, Tsubella, Sandeva, Tuswa, Noxolo, Tutse, Maipato, Tutu, Nomayenzeke, Twala, Sphephelo, Twala, Nhlanhla, Twala, Simphiwe, Ubisi, John, Unathi, Tefo, Van Aswegen, A, van der Merwe, Marietjie, van der Merwe, Trudie, van der Plank, Patience, van der Spuy, Elmarie, Van Der Westhuizen, Linda, Van Der Westhuizen, Adele, van der Westhuizen, Talana, van der Westhuyzen, Mene, Van Dyk, Thea, van Heerden, Ingrid, van Jaarsveld, Ryno, van Jaarsveld, Ryno, Van Lill, M, van Niekerk, Heidi, van Niekerk, Ben, van Rensburg, Amanda, van Schallwyk, Judy, Van Sensie, Zeitschke Yarnrich, van Vuuren, Magda, van Vuuren, Cloete, Vandu, Olga Funiswa, Vane, Mandisa, VanZyl, Lucia, Variava, Ebrahim, Veerus, Mariam, Velapi, Nokhwezi, Veleko, Sebina, Velezantsi, Z, Venter, Retha, Vergottini, Corlia, Vergottini, Corlia, Vermeulen, Inga, Vidah, Liabara Lufuluvhi, Vilakazi, Bongani, Vilakazi, Treasure N, Vilakazi, Mbalenhle Precious, Viljoen, Karen, Viljoen, Werner, Viljoen, Karen, Volschenk, Zuretha, Vos, Angelo, V V, Matlala, Walters, Jacques, Webb, Kate, Welsh, John, Wessels, D, Wheller, Judy, White, Fundile, White, Priscilla, Whyte, Carmen, Willemse, Ansie, William, Sape, Williams, Daniel, Williams, Kamielah, Williams, Mercia, Williamson, Anne, Wilson, Cherade, Wolff, Boipelo, Wray, Michelle, Xaba, Ntombizonke B, Xaba, Thabang Jabulani, Xiniwe, Thanks, Xoliswa, Mtshali, Xulu, Funokwakhe, Xulu, Gibson, Yam, Sandlakazi, Zakhura, NM, Zareloa, Mashela, Zinto, Sive, Zinziswa, Dyibeni, Ziselo, Lulamile, Zitha, Zakhele, Zitha, Emmanuel, Zokufa, Anele, Zondi, Innocent, Zondi, Sikhumbuzo Bernard, Zondi, Sbuyi, Zondi, Thulani, Zongola, Wandiswa, Zühlke, Liesl, Zulu, Zandile, Zulu, Lungelo, Zulu, Thandeka, Zulu, Slindili, Zulu, Nkosinathi, Zuma, Angel, Zungu, Precious, Zungu, Pamela, Zungu, Melusi, Zungu, Priscilla, Zwakala, Bongo Lihle, Zwane, Antonia, Zwane, Promise, Zwane, Muziwendoda, Zwane, Hlengiwe Priscila, and Zwane, Nomgcobo

Abstract

The interaction between COVID-19, non-communicable diseases, and chronic infectious diseases such as HIV and tuberculosis is unclear, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries in Africa. South Africa has a national HIV prevalence of 19% among people aged 15–49 years and a tuberculosis prevalence of 0·7% in people of all ages. Using a nationally representative hospital surveillance system in South Africa, we aimed to investigate the factors associated with in-hospital mortality among patients with COVID-19.

Published
2021
Full Text
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28. Predictors of condom use and refusal among the population of Free State province in South Africa

Author

UCL - SSS/IRSS - Institut de recherche santé et société, Chandran, Thoovakkunon Moorkoth, Berkvens, Dirk, Chikobvu, Perpetual, Nöstlinger, Christiana, Colebunders, Robert, Williams, Brian Gerard, Speybroeck, Niko, UCL - SSS/IRSS - Institut de recherche santé et société, Chandran, Thoovakkunon Moorkoth, Berkvens, Dirk, Chikobvu, Perpetual, Nöstlinger, Christiana, Colebunders, Robert, Williams, Brian Gerard, and Speybroeck, Niko

Abstract

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the extent and predictors of condom use and condom refusal in the Free State province in South Africa. METHODS: Through a household survey conducted in the Free Sate province of South Africa, 5,837 adults were interviewed. Univariate and multivariate survey logistic regressions and classification trees (CT) were used for analysing two response variables 'ever used condom' and 'ever refused condom'. RESULTS: Eighty-three per cent of the respondents had ever used condoms, of which 38% always used them; 61% used them during the last sexual intercourse and 9% had ever refused to use them. The univariate logistic regression models and CT analysis indicated that a strong predictor of condom use was its perceived need. In the CT analysis, this variable was followed in importance by 'knowledge of correct use of condom', condom availability, young age, being single and higher education. 'Perceived need' for condoms did not remain significant in the multivariate analysis after controlling for other variables. The strongest predictor of condom refusal, as shown by the CT, was shame associated with condoms followed by the presence of sexual risk behaviour, knowing one's HIV status, older age and lacking knowledge of condoms (i.e., ability to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy, availability, correct and consistent use and existence of female condoms). In the multivariate logistic regression, age was not significant for condom refusal while affordability and perceived need were additional significant variables. CONCLUSIONS: The use of complementary modelling techniques such as CT in addition to logistic regressions adds to a better understanding of condom use and refusal. Further improvement in correct and consistent use of condoms will require targeted interventions. In addition to existing social marketing campaigns, tailored approaches should focus on establishing the perceived need for condom-use and improving skills for co

Published
2012

29. Randomised placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effect of vitamin A on mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Bloemfontein

Author

Chikobvu, Perpetual, Joubert, G., Schall, R., Van der Ryst, E., Chikobvu, Perpetual, Joubert, G., Schall, R., and Van der Ryst, E.

Abstract

English: Mother-to-child (vertical) transmission is the primary means by which young children acquire human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV -1) infection. Anti-retrovirals such as Zidovudine and nevirapine can reduce vertical transmission of HIV significantly, but this treatment is still largely unaffordable in Africa. Maternal vitamin A deficiency is suspected to enhance vertical transmission of HIV. Furthermore, vitamin A is known to act as a coenzyme to the immune process. Therefore, a double-blind randomized placebo controlled trial to assess the effect of vitamin A supplementation on vertical transmission of HIV was launched in Bloemfontein in 1997. A total of 2949 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinics at Pelonomi and Universitas hospitals and the Mangaung University Community Partnership clinic were counselled for HIV testing, and 2543 were willing to be screened by HIV testing for possible inclusion in the trial. Of the women screened 595 (23.4%) were HIV positive, and 303 of these were willing to participate in the trial. 152 women were randomized to vitamin A treatment and 151 to placebo treatment. Patients were seen at 2 monthly intervals in the antenatal phase. Post-natally mother-infants pairs were seen when the infant was 1 month old, 3 months old, and thereafter, 3 monthly till 18 months old. A total of 191 patients (63% of all the study participants) missed one or more visits and had to be traced. Of the 303 patients included in the study 158 had a conclusive infant HIV test result (patients in the Intention To Treat (!TT) analysis population) and 104 patients had a conclusive infant mv test result when the baby was 3 months old (patients in the Per Protocol (PP) analysis population). Of 158 patients, in the ITT population 73 were in the vitamin A group and 85 in the placebo group. Per treatment group the baseline characteristics of those in the IIT population and those who are not, did not differ significanti y. The mv transmission rates, Afrikaans: Moeder-na-kind (vertikale) oordrag is die algemeenste mamer waarop Jong kinders menslike immuniteitsgebrek virus tipe 1 (MIV -1) opdoen. Antiretrovirale middels soos Zidovudine en nevirapine kan die vertikale oordrag van MIV betekenisvol verlaag, maar hierdie behandeling is steeds meestal nie bekostigbaar in Afrika nie. Daar word vermoed dat moederlike vitamine A gebrek die vertikale oordrag van MIV bevorder. Verder is dit bekend dat vitamine A 'n ko-ensiem is tot die immuunproses. Daarom is 'n gerandomiseerde dubbelblinde plasebo gekontrolleerde proef om die effek van vitamine A supplementasie op die vertikale oordrag van HIV te bepaal in 1997 in Bloemfontein van stapel gestuur. 'n Totaal van 2949 swanger vroue wat die voorgeboorteklinieke by die Universitas en Pelonomi Hospitale en die Mangaung University Community Partnership Project kliniek bygewoon het, het berading vir MIV-toetsing ontvang, en 2543 was bereid om deur MIVtoetsing gesif te word vir moontlike insluiting in die proef. Van die vroue wat gesif is, was 595 (23.4%) MIV-positief, en 303 van hulle het ingewillig om aan die studie deel te neem. 152 MIV positiewe vroue is gerandomiseer om vitamine A behandeling te ontvang en 151 plasebo behandeling. Pasiënte is tydens die voorgeboorte fase 2 maandeliks gesien. In die nageboorte fase is moeder-baba pare gesien toe die baba 1 maand oud was, 3 maande oud en daarna 3 maandeliks tot 18 maande oud. 'n Totaal van 191 pasiënte (63% van al die studiedeelnemers) het een of meer besoek gemis en moes opgespoor word. Van die 303 vroue wat ingesluit is in die studie, het 158 'n afdoende baba-MIV toetsuitslag gehad (pasiënte in die Beplan om te Behandel (BB) ontledingspopulasie) en 104 pasiënte het 'n afdoende baba MIV toetsuitslag gehad toe die baba 3 maade oud was (pasiënte in die Per Protokol (PP) ontledingspopulasie). Van die 158 pasiënte in die BB populasie was 73 in die vitamine A groep en 85 in die plasebo groep. Per behandelingsgroep was daar geen bet, South African Medical Research Council (MRC), University of the Free State Central Research Fund, Foundation for Research Development (FRD)

Published
2002

33. Predictors of condom use and refusal among the population of Free State province in South Africa.

Author

Moorkoth Chandran1,, Thoovakkunon, Berkvens2,, Dirk, Chikobvu, Perpetual, N�stlinger, Christiana, Colebunders, Robert, Williams, Brian Gerard, and Speybroeck, Niko

Subjects
CONDOM use, MALE contraception, HOUSEHOLD surveys, LOGISTIC regression analysis, MULTIVARIATE analysis
Abstract

Background: This study investigated the extent and predictors of condom use and condom refusal in the Free State province in South Africa. Methods: Through a household survey conducted in the Free Sate province of South Africa, 5,837 adults were interviewed. Univariate and multivariate survey logistic regressions and classification trees (CT) were used for analysing two response variables 'ever used condom' and 'ever refused condom'. Results: Eighty-three per cent of the respondents had ever used condoms, of which 38% always used them; 61% used them during the last sexual intercourse and 9% had ever refused to use them. The univariate logistic regression models and CT analysis indicated that a strong predictor of condom use was its perceived need. In the CT analysis, this variable was followed in importance by 'knowledge of correct use of condom', condom availability, young age, being single and higher education. 'Perceived need' for condoms did not remain significant in the multivariate analysis after controlling for other variables. The strongest predictor of condom refusal, as shown by the CT, was shame associated with condoms followed by the presence of sexual risk behaviour, knowing one's HIV status, older age and lacking knowledge of condoms (i.e., ability to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy, availability, correct and consistent use and existence of female condoms). In the multivariate logistic regression, age was not significant for condom refusal while affordability and perceived need were additional significant variables. Conclusions: The use of complementary modelling techniques such as CT in addition to logistic regressions adds to a better understanding of condom use and refusal. Further improvement in correct and consistent use of condoms will require targeted interventions. In addition to existing social marketing campaigns, tailored approaches should focus on establishing the perceived need for condom-use and improving skills for correct use. They should also incorporate interventions to reduce the shame associated with condoms and individual counselling of those likely to refuse condoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
Full Text
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