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To determine how dental neglect has been historically, and is currently, conceptualized in the Child Abuse and Neglect User Manual Series, a textual analysis was performed of the new/revised and [...]

Research has indicated victimization is pervasive among incarcerated women. Yet, there is little research that examines the linkage between various victimization among female prisoners. The empirical aim of this study is to examine the association between childhood maltreatment and victimization from physical intimate partner violence among incarcerated women in Taiwan. To understand the various pathways to victimization of physical intimate partner violence, we also assess the mediating effects of risky life styles, low self-control, and prostitution on victimization from physical intimate partner violence. Data were analyzed based on surveys conducted with 686 incarcerated women in various prisons in Taiwan. Structural equation analysis was conducted to examine the direct and indirect relationships between childhood maltreatment, risky life styles, low self-control, prostitution, and victimization of physical intimate partner violence. Individuals who experienced childhood maltreatment were found more likely to engage in risky leisure activities, and to enter prostitution. Additionally, such individuals usually experienced low self-control. Low self-control was found to mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and victimization from physical intimate partner violence. In other words, maltreated individuals in childhood were more likely to become victims of physical intimate partner violence through low self-control. The findings suggest that to prevent women offenders from re-victimization, it is important to address their childhood maltreatment issues. Early intervention may help deter these maltreated individuals from risky life styles and from engaging in prostitution, which may reduce their vulnerability to becoming victims of physical intimate partner violence., Author(s): Yu-Shu Chen [sup.1] , Doris C. Chu [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411041.1, 0000 0004 0638 8704, Central Police University, , Taoyuan City, Taiwan (2) grid.412047.4, 0000 0004 0532 3650, [...]

The overrepresentation of Black children has been observed in the child welfare system for nearly 60 years yet persists as un unresolved problem. Efforts to address this overrepresentation have been [...]

The dominant definition of neglect asserts that it occurs when a caregiver fails to provide for a child's basic psychological and physical needs. Flowing from this dominant definition, current theoretical [...]

This study examined how sibling physical aggression (SPA) influences lifetime aggression after controlling for variance due to childhood physical abuse, observed parental aggression, peer aggression, childhood emotional abuse, and childhood sexual abuse. The results of this study were also compared to a similar study that utilized a college sample (King et al. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 27(5) 523-540, Violence and Victims, 32(6), 998-1013, 2017a (See CR27), b (See CR28)). Participants from a national sample (N = 916) completed the Violent Experiences Questionnaire-Revised (VEQ-R), Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), Lifetime Assessment of Violent Acts (LAVA), and self-reports regarding sexual assault and conduct disorder. Analytic strategies included bivariate correlation coefficient calculations, linear regression analyses, analyses of covariance, and relative risk analyses. SPA occurring only once a year was associated with increased conduct disorder symptoms, trait hostility, and legal consequences for violence. SPA perpetrated by a younger sibling significantly impacted conduct disorder symptoms, BPAQ subscale scores, and LAVA index scores. This study failed to replicate results found in the similar study that utilized a college sample (King et al. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 27(5) 523-540, Violence and Victims, 32(6), 998-1013, 2017a (See CR27), b (See CR28)). The impact of SPA on lifetime aggression warrants the careful consideration of SPA in clinical settings as well as any future studies that attempt to control for poly-victimization. The implications of the relational age of the perpetrator to the victim also warrant careful consideration in any future studies that attempt to control for poly-victimization., Author(s): Ani C. Mangold [sup.1] , Alan R. King [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.266862.e, 0000 0004 1936 8163, Psychology Department, University of North Dakota, , P.O. Box 8380, 58202-8380, Grand [...]

This study aims to examine the associations between child maltreatment (physical and psychological neglect and abuse), dysfunctional family environment (inter-parental violence, parental substance abuse), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and children's bullying perpetration, and the potential mediating effect of PTSD in the associations. We collected data using a self-report questionnaire with a nation-wide, proportionately stratified random sample of 6233 fourth-grade students in Taiwan. We performed hierarchical regression analysis and mediation analysis to test the research hypotheses. The results indicate that parental substance abuse, physical and psychological neglect, physical and psychological abuse, witness of inter-parental violence, and PTSD are positively associated with child bullying (p < .001), after controlling for gender. These variables, referred to as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), explain 23% of the variance, and the results are statistically significant. PTSD fully mediated the relationship between psychological neglect and child bullying and partially mediated the associations between other ACE variables and child bullying. Children with higher levels of bullying perpetration reported more family violence and neglect at home and parental substance abuse problems. These ACEs also indirectly affect child bullying through PTSD. Among school-age children in Taiwan, children who had these adverse experiences were more likely to have PTSD symptoms, which in turn can lead to externalizing problems that increase the risk of exhibiting bullying perpetration toward others. In addition to behavioral modeling and corrections as strategies to combat bullying in schools, prevention and intervention efforts should address and screen for ACEs and tackle psychological problems., Author(s): Yi-Ping Hsieh [sup.1] , April Chiung-Tao Shen [sup.2] , Hsiao-Lin Hwa [sup.3] , Hsi-Sheng Wei [sup.4] , Jui-Ying Feng [sup.5] , Soar Ching-Yu Huang [sup.6] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.266862.e, [...]

Youth exposure to 'web of violence' is associated with impairments in mental and physical health. The current study aimed to identify subgroups of violent events, such as maltreatment, bullying perpetration and peer victimization and explore how these relate to depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and impairment among a sample of clinically-referred youth. A sample of 151 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 years was evaluated at a mood disorders program in an outpatient hospital-based clinic. Cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups based on 'web of violence' experiences. Group differences were then analyzed by demographics and clinical variables. Overall, rates of exposure to maltreatment, peer victimization and bullying perpetration were high. Cluster analysis identified two subgroups of adolescents which can be characterized as low versus high exposure groups. The high exposure group reported more severe depressive symptoms, greater hopelessness, and more impairment than the low exposure group. Among this clinical sample, distinct subgroups of youth were identified that differed based exposure to maltreatment and peer fighting and victimization. Adolescents in the high exposure group showed significantly worse clinical outcomes compared to the low exposure group. These findings further highlight the importance of a comprehensive assessment for involvement in violence when evaluating adolescents with depression., Author(s): Tami D. Benton [sup.1] , Jason D. Jones [sup.1] , Stacey Julye [sup.1] , Laura L. Butler [sup.1] , Rhonda C. Boyd [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.239552.a, 0000 [...]

Violence, in all its different manifestations, is a universal problem affecting individuals of different age groups, of different ethnic and religious backgrounds, and of different sexual orientations. Family violence and youth violence are interconnected. This special issue advances knowledge about child maltreatment, bullying, youth violence, dating violence, and intimate partner violence. This commentary critically discusses the contributions to the special issue in the context of the most recent research developments in family and youth violence. It concludes that long-term longitudinal studies with frequent assessments are needed to advance knowledge further, especially relating within-individual changes in influencing factors to within-individual changes in outcomes. It is highlighted that the intersection of family violence and youth violence remains a fertile field for further research, and that it is important to provide family, school and community services within an ecological focus., Author(s): David P. Farrington [sup.1] , Maria M. Ttofi [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.5335.0, 0000000121885934, Institute of Criminology, Cambridge University, , Sidgwick Avenue, CB3 9DA, Cambridge, UK We are delighted [...]

The purpose of the present study was to adopt the Multidimensional Neglectful Behavior Scale - Child Report (10-15 Years) into Turkish and to examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version. The participants of the study were a total number of 160 children (81 female and 71 male) between the ages of 10 and 15 who were recruited from a primary, a secondary and a high school in Nicosia, north Cyprus which is the Turkish population of the island. In terms of the validity analysis, construct and criterion related validity analysis were both conducted. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a construct of 6 factors and 35 items for the Mother Form and a construct of 7 factors and 41 items for the Father Form of the scale. In the criterion-related validity analysis, both the Mother and the Father Forms were found to be significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with the criteria measures. In terms of the reliability analysis, the internal consistency coefficients were computed by employing the KR-20 method. The reliability coefficient was found to be .832 for the total neglect score of the Mother Form and .908 for the total neglect score of the Father Form. According to these results, the Turkish version of the MNBS-CR (10-15 Years) is a reliable, valid and psychometrically sound instrument that can be used for assessing child neglect in a Turkish sample., Author(s): Utku Beyazit [sup.1] , Aynur Bütün Ayhan [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0004 0596 0713, grid.412132.7, Near East University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Psychology Department, , North Cyprus, [...]

Objectives This study examines the main and moderating effects of childhood abuse or neglect severity, income, and family social support on the presence of postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS). Methods Participants included 183 postpartum mothers who endorsed a history of childhood maltreatment (CM) and enrolled in a longitudinal study of mother and child outcomes. Participants completed questionnaires to assess CM severity, associated societal and maternal characteristics, and depressive symptom severity. Results The results confirm previously identified links between CM severity and PDS. Further, hierarchical linear regression analyses indicate the interaction of household income and interpersonal support from the family attenuates the relationship between CM severity and PDS. The final model accounted for 29% of the variance of PDS scores, a large effect size. Conclusions This study is the first to demonstrate interrelationships between income and social support on resilience to postpartum psychopathology in childhood trauma-surviving women. Social support appeared to protect against PDS for all mothers in this study while income only conferred a protective effect when accompanied by family support. For clinicians, this implies the need to focus on improving family and other relationships, especially for at-risk mothers., Author(s): Maria Muzik [sup.1] [sup.2] , Rujuta Umarji [sup.3] , Minden B. Sexton [sup.1] [sup.4] , Margaret T. Davis [sup.1] [sup.4] [sup.5] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.214458.eDepartment of Psychiatry, University of [...]

Parent-child agreement on child maltreatment was examined in a multigenerational study. Questionnaires on perpetrated and experienced child maltreatment were completed by 138 parent-child pairs. Multi-level analyses were conducted to explore whether parents and children agreed about levels of parent-to-child maltreatment (convergence), and to examine whether parents and children reported equal levels of child maltreatment (absolute differences). Direct and moderating effects of age and gender were examined as potential factors explaining differences between parent and child report. The associations between parent- and child-reported maltreatment were significant for all subtypes, but the strength of the associations was low to moderate. Moreover, children reported more parent-to-child neglect than parents did. Older participants reported more experienced maltreatment than younger participants, without evidence for differences in actual exposure. These findings support the value of multi-informant assessment of child maltreatment to improve accuracy, but also reveal the divergent perspectives of parents and children on child maltreatment., Author(s): Laura H.C.G. Compier-de Block [sup.1] , Lenneke R.A. Alink [sup.1] [sup.2] , Mariëlle Linting [sup.1] , Lisa J.M. van den Berg [sup.3] , Bernet M. Elzinga [sup.3] , Alexandra [...]

OBJECTIVES: Study results on child maltreatment based on general population samples cannot be extrapolated with confidence to vulnerable immigrant or refugee families because of the specific characteristics and needs of these families. The aims of this paper are 1) to conduct an evidence review of the prevalence, risk factors and protective factors for child maltreatment in immigrant and refugee populations, and 2) to integrate the evidence in an analytical ecosystemic framework that would guide future research. METHODS: We used a 14-step process based on guidelines from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses and the Canadian Collaboration for Immigrant and Refugee Health. We searched major databases from 'the oldest date available to July 2014'. The eligibility criteria for paper selection included qualitative or quantitative methodologies; papers written in English or French; papers that describe, assess or review prevalence, risk and protection factors for child maltreatment; and a studied population of immigrants or refugees. SYNTHESIS: Twenty-four articles met the criteria for eligibility. The results do not provide evidence that immigrant or refugee children are at higher risk of child maltreatment. However, recently settled immigrants and refugees experience specific risk factors related to their immigration status and to the challenges of settlement in a new country, which may result in high risk of maltreatment. CONCLUSION: Future research must incorporate more immigrant and refugee samples as well as examine, within an ecosystemic framework, the interaction between migratory and cultural factors with regard to the prevalence, consequences and treatment of child maltreatment for the targeted groups. KEY WORDS: Review; child maltreatment; immigrants; refugees; risk factors; ecosystemic model La traduction du resume se trouve a la fin de l'article. Une traduction de l'article en entier est disponible sur le site web comme un fichier supplementaire dans la section 'OUTILS DE L'ARTICLE'. OBJECTIFS: Les resultats des etudes portant sur la maltraitance des enfants issus du groupe majoritaire ne peuvent etre extrapoles systematiquement aux familles immigrantes et refugiees, etant donne les caracteristiques et besoins specifiques de ces populations. Les buts de cet article sont: 1) de realiser une recension systematique des ecrits sur la prevalence et les facteurs de risque et de protection en ce qui a trait a la maltraitance des enfants issus de familles immigrantes et refugiees, et 2) d'integrer les resultats dans un modele ecosystemique qui pourra guider les recherches futures. METHODE: Un processus en quatorze etapes, inspire des principes Preferred Reporting /terns for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) ainsi que de la Collaboration canadienne pour la sante des immigrants et des refugies (CCIHR), a guide le processus de revue de litterature. Les principales bases de donnees ont ete consultees ' de la date la plus ancienne jusqu'en juillet 2014 '. Les criteres de selection des articles incluaient: avoir une methodologie qualitative ou quantitative, etre ecrit en francais ou anglais ainsi que decrire, evaluer ou reviser la prevalence et les facteurs de risque et de protection pour les mauvais traitements chez les familles immigrantes et/ou refugiees. SYNTHESE: Les resultats des 24 articles rencontrant les criteres d'eligibilite suggerent que les enfants immigrants ou refugies ne sont pas plus a risque de maltraitance. Toutefois, les immigrants recents et les refugies font face a des facteurs de risque specifiques etant donne leur statut au pays d'accueil et les defis propres a l'integration dans un nouveau pays. CONCLUSION: Les recherches futures doivent inclure davantage de participants immigrants et refugies dans leurs echantillons, ainsi que doivent examiner les interactions entre les facteurs lies a la migration et a la culture en ce qui concerne la prevalence et les consequences de la maltraitance chez les enfants ainsi que le traitement pour ces populations. MOTS CLES: recension; maltraitance; immigrants; refugies; facteurs de risque; modele ecosystemique Can J Public Health 2015; 106(7)(Suppl. 2):eS45-eS56 doi: 10.17269/CJPH.106.4838, Child maltreatment is a worldwide public health concern that is associated with numerous and severe, short- and long-term health and developmental consequences for children. (1, 2) It is also accompanied [...]

OBJECTIVES: In Quebec, three population-based surveys have documented the prevalence of psychological aggression, and minor and severe physical violence toward children. This paper aims to present 1) the results of the 2012 survey with regard to the frequency and annual prevalence of violence, and 2) the trends in all three forms of violence between 1999 and 2012 according to children's age. METHODS: The three independent surveys were all conducted through telephone interviews in 1999, 2004 and 2012 by the Institut de la Statistique du Quebec and reached a total sample of 9,646 children living with a mother figure. Psychological aggression, and minor and severe physical violence were measured using the Parent Child Conflict Tactics Scales. RESULTS: The results show that repeated psychological aggression, after having increased between 1999 (48%) and 2004 (53%), slightly decreased in 2012 (49%). Minor physical violence decreased steadily between 1999 and 2012, from 48% to 35%, and severe physical violence remained stable (6%). These three forms of violence varied by the age category of the children. Finally, the results show that the co-occurrence of the use of physical and psychological violence remained high in all three surveys. CONCLUSION: The results are consistent with trends in North America and are discussed in terms of services to support families. KEY WORDS: Prevalence; physical violence; psychological aggression; children; trends La traduction du resume se trouve a la fin de l'article. OBJECTIFS: Au Quebec, trois enquetes populationnelles ont permis de documenter la prevalence de la violence familiale. Cet article vise a presenter: 1) les resultats de la derniere enquete en regard de la frequence et des taux de prevalence annuelle de la violence; et 2) l'evolution de la violence physique et psychologique envers les enfants entre 1999 et 2012 selon l'age des enfants. METHODE: Realisees en mode telephonique en 1999, 2004 et 2012 par l'Institut de la Statistique du Quebec, ces enquetes ont rejoint au total 9 646 enfants habitant avec une figure maternelle. Les conduites d'agression psychologique et de violence physique mineure et severe envers les enfants ont ete mesurees a l'aide du Parent Child Conflict-Tactics-Scales. RESULTATS: Les resultats montrent que l'agression psychologique repetee, apres avoir connu une hausse entre 1999 (48 %) et 2004 (53 %), diminue legerement en 2012 (49 %). La violence physique mineure a baisse de maniere constante entre 1999 et 2012, passant de 48 % a 35 % alors que la violence physique severe est demeuree stable (6 %). Ces trois formes de violence varient selon les categories d'age des enfants. Enfin, les resultats montrent que la cooccurrence de la violence physique et psychologique demeure elevee dans les trois enquetes. CONCLUSION: Les resultats rejoignent les tendances observees en Amerique du nord et sont discutes en termes de services d'aide aux familles. MOTS CLES: prevalence; evolution; violence physique; agression psychologique; enfants Can J Public Health 2015; 106(7)(Suppl. 2):eS31-eS37 doi: 10.17269/CJPH.106.4839, More than a decade ago, family violence and child maltreatment were identified as major public health problems in the world. (1) Many studies found that they can have short- or [...]

The purpose of this article is to utilize an insider's perspective to describe and analyze the experience of abuse and neglect of adolescent girls in Israel. A purposive sample of 20 adolescent, 'at risk' girls was interviewed and chosen due to intensive experiences of abuse throughout their lives. Findings highlighted how these individuals negotiated and framed their experiences in order to enable them to cope with the abuse they had endured. Firstly, they manipulated space as well as time, using controlled, incremental processing ('dosing') when narrating their experiences. For the adolescents in our study, communication was a central organizing axis of their abuse experiences and a tool for healing, encouraging a sense of self and facilitating relationships with others. In addition, the findings indicated that these adolescent girls possess a body of experiential knowledge that translates into coping skills extending beyond their abuse experiences., Author(s): Laura I. Sigad[sup.1] , Guy Beker[sup.1] , Rachel Lev-Wiesel[sup.2] , Zvi Eisikovits[sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) The Center for the Study of Society, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Hushi Ave., [...]

Intimate partner violence (IPV) places children at risk for maltreatment (CM). It is critical for both IPV and CM professionals to assess the possibility of the co-occurrence of both of these types of family violence, whose risk factors are nearly identical. However, little is known about the attitudes and perceptions of child welfare (CW), IPV, child protection, or other related professionals when serving families where both of these circumstances may occur. This study examined the perceptions of service providers in Hillsborough County, Florida on the co-occurrence of CM and IPV. Findings demonstrate the inequitable knowledge, training, and perceived ability to deal with the co-occurrence of IPV and CM among professionals from different employment areas. These discrepancies serve as opportunities for different agencies to collaborate in reducing knowledge gaps and increasing respondent's capacity to effectively identify and intervene with victims. Keywords Child abuse * Child maltreatment * Domestic violence * Intimate partner violence * Family violence * Child protection * Welfare * Health providers, Research shows that intimate partner violence (IPV) places children at risk for maltreatment (Banks, Landsverk, and Wang 2008;Steen 2009). Child abuse is estimated to be present in about 40% of [...]

This study aimed to contribute to the literature on corporal punishment by examining the link between spanking and child physical abuse. First, we examined the extent to which individuals who experienced spanking in childhood were at greater risk of also experiencing physical abuse by their parents. Second, we examined various parenting and family factors that could distinguish between spanking that occurred within and without a physically abusive context. A sample of 370 university students completed a questionnaire on disciplinary experiences at age 10. Results suggested that individuals who indicated having experienced spanking during childhood were at greater risk of also having experienced physical abuse. Among individuals who indicated having experienced spanking, greater spanking frequency, perceptions of impulsiveness in parental discipline, and reports of physical violence between parents significantly increased the risk of physical abuse. This research contributes to the growing evidence on the risks associated with child corporal punishment. Keywords Discipline * Parenting * Spanking * Family violence * Maltreatment, Discipline is an inherent part of parenting that targets children's socialization. It is often seen as a multidimensional concept that includes specific parenting behaviors or practices expressed in a particular [...]

This retrospective study had a twofold focus: (1) to assess the utility of a perinatal screening and assessment protocol for identifying families with an elevated child maltreatment risk and (2) to assess the effectiveness of an intensive home visitation program designed to prevent severe maltreatment. Among 15,864 families screened and assessed for child maltreatment risk, elevated risk was identified in 4,464 families, 1,738 of whom received intensive home visiting services and 2,728 who did not. Subsequently, data on hospitalizations with a child maltreatment diagnosis were used as outcome measures. Among the 1,738 served by home visitors, there were five hospitalized cases of child maltreatment; among the 2,278 families not served, there were 34 cases. The results of chi squared analyses suggest that the screening and assessment protocol successfully differentiates between families with greater and lesser degrees of risk for maltreatment and that hospitalization occurred significantly more often among unserved families (p = Keywords Child abuse * Home visiting * Maltreatment * Preventive interventions, Child maltreatment prevention programs offer the hope of averting serious injury while setting a newborn's developmental trajectory in a positive direction. Surely few goals could be more important, for the [...]

Childhood abuse can have significant negative effects on survivors that often last into adulthood. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of romantic attachment in understanding the relationship between childhood abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in adulthood. Data for this study were taken from the first wave of a five-wave longitudinal study. The sample included 120 mothers in their third trimester of pregnancy. Regression analyses were conducted in order to examine adult romantic attachment as a possible protective or vulnerability factor. Main effects of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance on PTSD symptoms were found, such that higher levels of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were related to more PTSD symptoms. Attachment avoidance moderated this relationship, such that child abuse was significantly related to greater PTSD symptoms in those with high attachment avoidance. Implications for attachment-based interventions are discussed. Keywords Child abuse * Romantic attachment * Traumatic stress * Pregnancy, Childhood abuse, defined as experiences of physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect, has been linked to many poor outcomes in adulthood such as mood disorders, posttraumatic stress, and [...]

This study assesses whether or not the three different forms of child abuse, parental 'Nonviolence discipline', 'psychological abuse' and 'physical abuse', are associated with ADHD symptoms. The parents of a clinical sample of 108 ADHD children and 102 mothers of school children reported their behaviors using Parent-child Conflict Tactics Scales (CTSPC). The age range of children was from 6 to 15 years old. The mean scores of all the three types of abuse in the ADHD group were statistically higher than those in the comparison group. Inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity scores are not associated with the scores of abuse in ADHD children. Parental abuse occurs in a cluster of different types of abuse. Mental health professionals can be involved for all the three types of prevention of parental abuse. Keywords Child * Adolescent * Abuse * ADHD * Parent * Iran, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a very common psychiatric disorder in children. A study including 2,000 school aged children from Iran showed that 10.1 % of the children met [...]

This cross-sectional secondary data analysis examined the ecological factors influencing the outcomes of families receiving services from a local department of social services to address child maltreatment risk and incidence. The results indicated that families that experienced repeated maltreatment also experienced greater poverty and material need than families with more successful outcomes. This study highlights the responsibility of the child welfare system to address deep-seated poverty issues of families experiencing child maltreatment risk and incidence., Of the victims of child abuse and/or neglect in the United States in 2012, more than half (61.4%) were not removed from their homes after the initial investigation or assessment [...]

Child maltreatment prevention is traditionally conceptualized as a social services and criminal justice issue. Although these responses are critical and important, alone they are insufficient to prevent the problem. A [...]

Using thematic analysis, we examine the effects of childhood abuse regarding parenthood for pregnant cohabitors from qualitative interviews. Participants (N = 18; 10 women and 8 men) recalled childhood abuse during the Adult Attachment Interview. Three themes emerged: (1) 'Learning what not to do,' whereby abuse is discussed as something not to continue, and harmful toward children; (2) 'Use but modify parents' discipline,' whereby individuals state that they will employ methods of their parents, but in ways different for their children; and (3) 'Ambiguous,' whereby discussions are unclear and confused about how the abuse will affect their parenting. These results suggest that even when pregnant cohabitors want to parent differently than their own parents, they may not have relevant models or skills. For practitioners, we suggest interventions aimed at providing alternative models for how to parent, and effective and appropriate disciplining methods, as ways to deter intergenerational abuse. Keywords Childhood abuse * Parenthood * Pregnancy * Cohabitors * Thematic analysis, The negative consequences of childhood abuse include poor parenting practices, substance abuse, depression, anxiety, interpersonal problems, and partner violence (Banyard et al. 2003; Messman-Moore and Long 2003; O'Dougherty Wright et [...]

This study examines how community-based mandated reporters understand and interpret reasonable suspicion, the standard threshold for mandated reporting of suspected child abuse. Respondents were asked to identify the probability necessary for 'suspicion of child abuse' to constitute reasonable suspicion. Data were analyzed for internal consistency, evidence of a group standard, and associations with professional and educational demographics. There was a 90.4% response rate (1,233/1,364). On both ordinal probability and estimated probability scales, respondents demonstrated wide variability in the thresholds they identified for what constitutes reasonable suspicion. Comparing individual responses for the two scales, 83% were inconsistent. Responses on the estimated probability scale were correlated with frequency of reporting child abuse, professional background, and prior education on child abuse. Lack of consensus in how community professionals interpret reasonable suspicion raises the question of whether more specific training is needed for this threshold to be understood, interpreted, and applied in a consistent manner., Approximately one million cases of child abuse occur annually in the United States (Gaudiosi, 2009), and it is estimated that child abuse is present in 50% to 80% of families [...]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.07.017 Byline: Tyrone C. Cheng, Celia C. Lo Keywords: Drug use; Child welfare; Maltreatment Abstract: This study investigated the impact of child maltreatment, child welfare services, parental substance abuse, and parent-child relationship on adolescents' drug use. In a secondary data analysis of 1799 adolescents, data were extracted from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being. Ordered probit regression showed that level of hard drug use within the past 30days related to adolescents' lifetime use of hard drugs, emotional closeness to parent, sexual maltreatment, and receipt of in-home services. Implications for services and research are discussed. Article History: Received 27 April 2010; Revised 26 July 2010; Accepted 28 July 2010

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.07.010 Byline: Ferol E. Mennen, Matthew Brensilver, Penelope K. Trickett Keywords: Child maltreatment; Child welfare; Foster care placements; Kin care Abstract: The majority of children in the child welfare system remain with their maltreating parents, yet little is known about their level of functioning and whether they are in need of mental health intervention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mental health functioning of an ethnically diverse sample of 302 maltreated children and 151 non maltreated children ages 9-12 to see if there were differences between those who remained at home, those placed in kin care, non-relative foster care or a comparison group of children who were not maltreated. Children were evaluated on multiple measures of mental health functioning, both self report and caregiver report. Results showed that the maltreated children did not differ by placement type but did score significantly higher than the comparison children on many measures. There were substantial numbers of maltreated children scoring in the clinical range of measures in all placement types with over 60% of those remaining with birth parents being seen as functioning at a level that indicated a need for mental health intervention. While fewer comparison children had scores indicating a need for mental health care, the numbers were higher than noted in national studies. Implications of the findings are presented. Article History: Received 27 May 2010; Revised 21 July 2010; Accepted 22 July 2010

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.07.008 Byline: Wendy Chen, Saralee Glasser, Rami Benbenishty, Bilha Davidson-Arad, Shmuel Tzur, Liat Lerner-Geva Keywords: Child abuse; Neglect; Hospitalized child; Child protection team; Cohort studies Abstract: Hospital professionals have a unique opportunity to identify victims of child abuse and neglect (CAN). The hospital multi-disciplinary Child Protection Team (CPT) offers a means for optimizing procedures, maximizing caution and enhancing decision-making. Article History: Received 21 February 2010; Revised 5 July 2010; Accepted 5 July 2010

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.07.003 Byline: James A. Rosenthal, Susy Villegas Keywords: Foster care; Out-of-home placement; Behavior problems; Mental health; Child welfare Abstract: Using a national, representative sample of children who received child welfare services, this paper builds longitudinal path models that examine four effects: prior change in living situation or placement on subsequent change, prior behavior problems on subsequent problems, behavior problems on change in living situation or placement, and change in living situation or placement on behavior problems. The first three just-mentioned effects were significant (positive associations) in all models. At some time points, living situation and placement change predicted internalized behavior problems (positive association) but, overall, the effects of change in living situation or placement on children's behavior problems, if any, were small. Implications for practice and policy are discussed. Article History: Received 12 January 2010; Revised 30 June 2010; Accepted 3 July 2010 Article Note: (footnote) [star] This study used data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, which was developed under contract with the Administration on Children, Youth, and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (ACYF/DHHS). The data were provided by the National Child Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect. The information and opinions expressed herein reflect solely the position of the authors. Nothing herein should be construed to indicate the support or endorsement of its content by ACFY/DHHS.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.04.023 Byline: Tyrone C. Cheng Abstract: Longitudinal analysis and a secondary sample of 411 children were used to examine how child welfare worker engagement with families and parent receipt of needed services shaped the outcomes for children in long-term foster care. The data came from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being. Multinomial logistic regression showed reunification to be likeliest for neglected children who had caseworkers deeply involved with their families; whose families needed housing and financial assistance but not domestic violence services, specifically; and who were provided appropriately matched services. Adoption was likeliest for neglected children who had caseworkers deeply involved with their families; whose families needed substance-abuse services but not housing services; whose families had a high risk of re-reporting; whose parents were married; who were White and relatively young; and who had experienced foster care for relatively longer periods. Implications for services and training are discussed. Author Affiliation: University of Alabama, School of Social Work, United States Article History: Received 16 February 2010; Revised 24 April 2010; Accepted 25 April 2010

The present paper attempts to forge a compromise between those who maintain that stem cell research is out-and-out murder of young helpless human beings and those who favor this practice. The compromise is predicated upon the libertarian theory of private property rights. Starting out with the premise that not only the fetus but even the fertilized egg is a human being, with all rights thereto, it offers a competition between those who fertilize eggs for research and those who wish to adopt them. If and only if the former win this competition will they be allowed to use these very young human beings for the purposes they have constructed them. This is justified on grounds of avoiding child abuse. Keywords: abortion, child abuse, libertarianism, private property rights, stem cell research doi: 10.1093/jmp/jhq033

While neglect is generally associated with poor developmental outcomes, it remains poorly denned. Factor analysis was applied to 39 parental behavior variables on data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (CSDD) to explore underlying dimensions of parental behavior that were consistent with the concept of neglect. Logistic regression assessed associations between the dimensions of neglect recovered from the CSDD and future adult delinquency. Factor analysis revealed four dimensions; logistic regression revealed significant associations between two of these dimensions--poor supervision and a disorganized, chaotic home environment--and future adult delinquency. Neglect is a viable construct that can summarize aspects of parental behavior and predict future adult delinquency., Numerous factors impact on a child's development and future behavior (Farrington, 1989) with research indicating that genetic (Caspi, McClay, Moffitt, Mill, Martin, Craig, Taylor, & Poulton, 2002), cognitive (Van Goozen, [...]