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The Thatched Cottage represents a form of garden where ancient Chinese literati lived in seclusion in the mountains and forests. Currently, research on thatched cottages primarily focuses on individual case studies, lacking a comprehensive examination of their historical trajectory. This article focuses on the historical development and scale evolution of thatched cottages, aiming to draw people’s attention to the cultural heritage of thatched cottages. Through literature analysis, 92 thatched cottages in the southern region of the Yangtze River in China from the Tang Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty were sorted out. Draw a geographical distribution map of thatched cottages and study their development. Further research on Suzhou city revealed that during the Ming Dynasty, the distribution of thatched cottages in Suzhou tended to shift from suburban areas to urban areas. While the number of thatched cottages increased, their scale also decreased. Research has shown that the large-scale thatched cottages in the Tang and Song dynasties were related to the privatization of land policies, while the reduction of thatched cottages in the Ming dynasty was related to the intensification of the contradiction between people and land and the rapid development of urbanization.

Abstract Rockeries have a complex and significant role in classical Chinese garden designs. They present distinct artistic characteristics and spatial hierarchies and are crucial to garden heritage conservation. Craftsmanship in rockery construction is a significant part of China’s intangible cultural heritage. Rockeries are primarily composed of naturally occurring rocks chosen for their uniqueness and complex shapes and textures. These rocks present challenges as nonstandard elements within the traditional Chinese garden context, as it is not easy to depict them using conventional blueprints and models. This complicates the design, adjustment, display, and construction of rockeries, which lacks tangible bases for reference. Consequently, the preservation and restoration of garden rockeries is difficult, and the perpetuation and dissemination of rockery construction skills face numerous challenges. This study introduces a method that combines laser scanning and photographic measurements to digitize precisely nonstandard elements of rockery stones. This approach presents an innovative design and construction workflow for rockeries by refining design processes, showcasing real effects, and resolving assembly issues. The results demonstrate that the combination of three-dimensional laser scanning and close-range photogrammetry can accurately replicate the complex forms and textures of these nonstandard elements. The stone coding and digital management system devised based on the logic of construction effectively satisfies the design and building requirements of rockeries. Correspondingly, the proposed digital construction workflow enhances the accuracy of rockery design, presentation, and evaluation, thereby contributing to the protection and restoration of rockery heritage sites and the transmission of rockery construction techniques.

Rockeries have a complex and significant role in classical Chinese garden designs. They present distinct artistic characteristics and spatial hierarchies and are crucial to garden heritage conservation. Craftsmanship in rockery construction is a significant part of China's intangible cultural heritage. Rockeries are primarily composed of naturally occurring rocks chosen for their uniqueness and complex shapes and textures. These rocks present challenges as nonstandard elements within the traditional Chinese garden context, as it is not easy to depict them using conventional blueprints and models. This complicates the design, adjustment, display, and construction of rockeries, which lacks tangible bases for reference. Consequently, the preservation and restoration of garden rockeries is difficult, and the perpetuation and dissemination of rockery construction skills face numerous challenges. This study introduces a method that combines laser scanning and photographic measurements to digitize precisely nonstandard elements of rockery stones. This approach presents an innovative design and construction workflow for rockeries by refining design processes, showcasing real effects, and resolving assembly issues. The results demonstrate that the combination of three-dimensional laser scanning and close-range photogrammetry can accurately replicate the complex forms and textures of these nonstandard elements. The stone coding and digital management system devised based on the logic of construction effectively satisfies the design and building requirements of rockeries. Correspondingly, the proposed digital construction workflow enhances the accuracy of rockery design, presentation, and evaluation, thereby contributing to the protection and restoration of rockery heritage sites and the transmission of rockery construction techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a representative of Eastern gardens, Chinese classical gardens have always held an extremely important position in world gardens. They not only carry the profound cultural and ideological connotations of China, but also have great aesthetic achievements that are worth exploring. In the process of urbanization, the construction of urban gardens is also progressing rapidly with the development of the city, and modern gardens are reflected more. Gradually, people began to realize that the aesthetics of Chinese classical gardens can collide with the design concepts of modern gardens, in order to conform to the current development trend of the new era. This paper compares and analyzes the differences and connections between Chinese classical gardens and modern gardens from three aspects; gardening concepts, gardening elements, and gardening techniques. Combined with relevant cases, it studies the practical application of Chinese classical garden design techniques in modem gardens, and explores and promotes the art of Chinese classical garden design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Chinese classical gardens are a significant cultural heritage in the history of world gardening, with their central architectural principle of "scenes changing as steps move" (步移景异) embodying traditional Chinese aesthetic ideals. This study employed the variation of visual complexity during a tour as a representation of this principle, using Jingxinzhai (静心斋) Garden as a case study. The visual environmental characteristics were quantified using the Fraclab box-counting, Canny edge detection, and DeepLab V3 + model, and the spatial distribution of fractal dimension and visual index of landscape elements were analyzed. Through partial correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and one-way ANOVA, the relevant factors (BVI, RVI, GVI, WVI) and influencing factors (BVI, RVI, GVI) and the differences among landscape element combinations of visual complexity were identified. Furthermore, the distribution patterns and causes of visual complexity in Chinese classical gardens were then discussed. This study proposes an effective method for quantifying the visual environmental characteristics of Chinese classical gardens and provides an explanation of the concept of "scenes changing as steps move" from the perspective of visual environment. It offers important references for a deeper understanding of Chinese classical garden design and planning.

Classical gardens offer ample cultural and natural landscapes for visitors to appreciate. Taking the tourist gaze as a theoretical lens, this study assumes a netnographic approach and conducts narrative analysis on travel blogs to explore visitors' experiences at Chinese classical gardens. Findings revealed key domains of the gaze object (i.e., macro-level structural design and micro-level elements) and the way of gaze (i.e., spatial and temporal), which formed the Chinese gaze in the tourism context. Results further showed how gaze contributed to Yijing development, a unique Chinese aesthetic concept. This study enriches the tourism and aesthetics literature by positioning a classical aesthetic concept (Yijing) within a modern tourism practice (gaze). Practical implications for tourism development and destination marketing are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The artistic conception of the garden is the visual and typical natural environment and the ideological implication of the garden landscape expressed by the designer's conception and creation. This paper analyzed the artistic conception of Chinese classical gardens from four aspects: the types, functions, creative techniques and contemporary factors restricting the development of artistic conception of gardens. It showed the charm of artistic conception of classical Chinese gardens, the important role of artistic conception of gardens, the current situation and problems encountered in the development of artistic conception of contemporary Chinese gardens. The paper also put forward some thoughts on the development status and problems of garden artistic conception, and explored the fusion method of Chinese classical garden artistic conception and modern garden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating how people perceive Chinese Classical Gardens (CCGs) and their appeal are important issues of landscape studies. By considering the Liu-Yuan Garden, we developed a measurement instrument to investigate the perceived dimensions of landscape appreciation. Based on literature review, the descriptive items to measure how people perceived Liu-Yuan Garden were developed. Then, the explorative factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were employed, and six dimensions were extracted and validated including "Adoration", "Nostalgia", "Liveliness", "Exquisiteness", "Hedonic Value", and "Placeness". Finally, the Ordinary Linear Regression method was employed to estimate how the aesthetic appreciation is influenced by these perceived dimensions. The result revealed that four of these dimensions were significantly correlated with aesthetic pleasure. The influences of these perceived dimensions on aesthetic pleasure were measured and compared. The results indicated that "Placeness" provided the most important influence on aesthetic pleasure, whereas "Liveliness" was the least influential of the four related dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]