233 results on '"Ching Chang Lee"'
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2. Impact of mold growth on di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate emission from moist wallpaper
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Nai-Tzu Chen, Ching-Hui Shih, Chien-Cheng Jung, Nai-Yun Hsu, Chung-Yu Chen, Ching-Chang Lee, and Huey-Jen Su
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Wallpaper ,Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ,Moist ,Fungi ,DEHP emission ,Indoor ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Flood damage can increase indoor concentrations of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and molds in households with wallpaper. Wallpaper water content can affect its DEHP emission into indoor environments; however, the influence of mold growth on this DEHP emission remains unclear. Here, we evaluated whether mold growth affects DEHP emission from moist wallpaper (moist WP). Experiments were conducted in glass chambers with wallpaper containing 12.7% (w/w) DEHP and a dust tray sample system at approximately 28 °C and 100% relative humidity (RH). The experimental groups were (1) moist WP, (2) moist WP + Aspergillus versicolor (AV), (3) moist WP + Cladosporium cladosporioides, (4) moist WP + Penicillium chrysogenum, and (5) moist WP + mold mixture. Mold growth on the wallpaper and DEHP emission into air and onto dust were analyzed at nine time-points over 30 days. Initially, the moist WP group emitted relatively high concentrations of DEHP into air, but after at least 8 days, the concentration of DEHP emitted by the mold-added groups exceeded that of the moist WP group. DEHP emission onto dust, especially from the moist WP group, increased considerably at day 15. During the experimental period, the moist WP (13.63 ± 4.67 μg) and moist WP + AV (13.93 ± 0.49 μg) groups emitted higher cumulative amounts of DEHP onto dust. During the 30-day experimental period, obvious mold growth occurred over days 15–30. Moreover, the moist WP group exhibited relatively higher and lower cumulative DEHP emission into air than the mold-added groups during days 2–10 (2.71 vs. 1.94–2.94 μg) and 15–30 (1.16 vs. 1.61–2.12), respectively; a contrasting trend was observed for cumulative DEHP emission onto dust. In conclusion, mold growth affects DEHP emission from water-damaged wallpaper, and the removal or cleaning of wet wallpaper, particularly those with visible mold growth, is critical from a public health perspective. more...
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- 2022
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3. Sex hormones and oxidative stress mediated phthalate-induced effects in prostatic enlargement
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Wei-Hsiang Chang, Yuh-Shyan Tsai, Jia-Yu Wang, Hsiu-Ling Chen, Wen-Horng Yang, and Ching-Chang Lee
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Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Prostatic enlargement might affect up to 30% of men and can cause signs and symptoms in the lower urinary tract in the elderly. Imbalanced estrogen and androgen secretions are important in prostatic physiopathology. Phthalates-environmental endocrine disruptors-affect androgen secretion and disrupt sexual organs, including testes and the prostate, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Using European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines, we recruited from urology clinics in southern Taiwan 207 elderly men diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic enlargement between 2015 and 2017. We took blood and urine samples from all patients on the same day. We used multivariate linear regression, associations, and potential interactions after we had measured and analyzed oxidative stress (OS) markers, steroidal hormones, and 11 urinary phthalate metabolites, and then we adjusted for confounders. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolite levels, particularly urinary mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, were positively associated with androgen, estrogen, hormone ratios, inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS), 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), prostate specific antigen (PSA), and prostate volume (PV) (p more...
- Published
- 2019
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4. Simultaneous determination of 24 congeners of 2- and 3‑monochloropropanediol esters and 7 congeners of glycidyl esters using direct multi-residue analytical LC-MS/MS methods in various food matrices
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Ching-Chang Lee, Bo-Lun Lin, Yi-Wen Huang, Ning-Syuan Hsu, and Wei-Hsiang Chang
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Pharmacology ,Food Science - Published
- 2023
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5. A Conceptual Framework Toward Understanding of Knowledge Acquisition Sources and Student Well-Being
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Yan Xu, Michael Yao-Ping Peng, Yangyan Shi, Shwu-Huey Wong, Wei-Loong Chong, and Ching-Chang Lee
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teacher knowledge transfer ,market orientation ,student employability ,absorptive capacity ,self-efficacy ,well-being ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
There are a multitude of factors influencing student employability, with all previous studies basing their conclusions upon predetermined variables according to different theories and exploring the relevance between them. In this study, teachers’ knowledge transfer and market orientation—are put forward on the basis of the marketing concepts in order to explore the conspicuousness between various factors within the structural model. This study uses students from colleges in Taiwan and mainland China, and purposive sampling is adopted to acquire samples required for statistics. A total of 1,222 valid questionnaires were collected from Taiwanese and Mainland China students. The results indicate that knowledge transfer, market orientation and absorptive capacity have significant impacts on student employability, that the absorptive capacity has a positive moderating effect on the influence of knowledge transfer and market orientation on student employability. Based on results and findings, this study will provide suggestions for theoretical and practical implications. more...
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- 2020
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6. Probabilistic Prediction Models and Influence Factors of Indoor Formaldehyde and VOC Levels in Newly Renovated Houses
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Wu-Ting Lin, Ru-Yin Tsai, Hsiu-Ling Chen, Yaw-Shyan Tsay, and Ching-Chang Lee
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indoor ,formaldehyde ,volatile organic compounds ,probabilistic prediction models ,multi-layer wood materials ,health risk ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 - Abstract
Rapid urbanization has promoted house renovations and refurbishment in urban and rural cities. Indoor pollutants emitted through renovations and refurbishment processes have raised public concerns owing to their adverse effects on human health. In the present study, the sources of formaldehyde and specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are used to model the health effects associated with exposure to formaldehyde and specific VOCs and the loading factors of building materials for newly renovated homes. The present study is carried out to identify the sources of formaldehyde and specific VOCs in newly renovated houses and develop probabilistic prediction models of the health effects to explore the health risks of residents and the potential contributions of multilayer wood materials responsible for indoor pollutants. In living rooms and bedrooms, the average concentrations of formaldehyde and TVOCs in closed window conditions were higher than those in opened window conditions. Multi-layer wooden structures were a significant predictor of indoor VOC concentrations in houses. The 95 percentile values of Monte Carlo simulations (MCS P95) of the hazard index and cancer risk were lower and slightly higher than the acceptable level, respectively. Prediction models for the concentrations of formaldehyde and selected VOCs in newly renovated houses were first established using probabilistic and sensitive approaches. The multi-layer wood materials, including the wooden floor, cold paint multi-layer wooden materials, and multi-layer materials for system furniture, were responsible for the contribution of these levels of formaldehyde and selected VOCs in the newly renovated houses. Our results provide a strategy for eliminating indoor pollutants emitted from construction and building/furnishing materials. more...
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- 2022
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7. Oxidative damage in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer co-exposed to phthalates and to trace elements
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Wei-Hsiung Chang, Ching-Chang Lee, Yun-He Yen, and Hsiu-Ling Chen
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Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Evidence indicates that prostates exposed to environmental endocrine disruptors and trace metals will cause adverse health outcomes. We assessed the association between urinary phthalate metabolites and serum trace metal levels, and oxidative damage in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients, prostate cancer (PCa) patients, and healthy controls. Levels of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) were significantly higher in BPH patients than in controls, and mercury (Hg) was highest in PCa patients. An Hg level >1 μg/L posed a significant risk (OR: 42.86, 95% CI: 1.092–1684) for PCa, but a zinc (Zn) level >1 μg/L was marginally negative (OR: 0.979, 95% CI: 0.957–1.002). We also found strong associations between PCa and mono-isononyl phthalate (MiNP), and between BPH and mono-isodecyl phthalate (MiDP), malonyldialdehyde (MDA) were significantly higher in PCa and BPH patients than in controls; 8‑hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‑OH‑dG) and DNA strand breakage were highest in BPH patients and lowest in controls. When the prostate was simultaneously co-exposed to phthalates and trace metals, phthalates had a less significant effect on PCa and BPH. Thus, we hypothesize that, for patients with prostate disease, exposure to trace metals is more significant than is exposure to phthalates. Keywords: Metal, Phthalate, Prostatic cancer, Benign prostatic hyperplasia more...
- Published
- 2018
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8. An economic production quantity model with imperfect production processes and corrective maintenance under allowable shortages.
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Yung-Fu Huang, Ming-Wei Weng, Ching-Chang Lee, and Hung-Fu Huang
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- 2017
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9. An Investigation of Pharmacists' Acceptance of NHI-PharmaCloud in Taiwan.
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Meng-Chi Liu and Ching-Chang Lee
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- 2018
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10. Investigating consumer satisfaction for supermarket using information system.
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Ching-Chang Lee and Hung-Fu Huang
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- 2016
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11. Air Phthalate Emitted from Flooring Building Material by the Micro-Chamber Method: Two-Stage Emission Evaluation and Comparison
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Wu-Ting Lin, Chung-Yu Chen, Ching-Chang Lee, Cheng-Chen Chen, and Shih-Chi Lo
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phthalate ,semi-volatile organic compounds ,micro-chamber method ,flooring building materials ,two-stage emission ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
The phthalate and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are modern chemical substances and extensively existing in the indoor environment. The European Commission stipulated the “European Unified Test Criteria”, since 2011, for the declared specifications of building products (CEN/TS 16516), based on the “lowest concentrations of interest (LCI)”, the index pollutants, test method, and emission standard of “phthalate” and “SVOC” were specified in detail. The purpose of this study is to use six common indoor floor construction products in Taiwan (regenerated pseudoplastic rubber flooring, healthy pseudoplastic imitation wood floor, regenerated pseudoplastic rubber flooring, PVC floor tile/floor, plastic click floor, composite floor covered with carpet) to detect the changes in the concentration of phthalate emitted to the air. The ISO 16000-25 Indoor air—Part 25: Determination of the emission of semi-volatile organic compounds by building products—micro-chamber method is used to build a DS-BMEMC (glass micro-chamber: volume 630 mL), the SVOC, including phthalate, is collected in two stages, in the stable conditions of temperature 25 °C, relative humidity 50% and air change rate 2 times/h, the Stage 1 emission detection experiment (24 h) is performed, and then the Stage 2 heating-up desorption emission detection experiment (40 min air sampling) is performed, the temperature rises to 200–220 °C, the phthalate and SVOC adsorbed on the glass micro-chamber is desorbed at a high temperature to catch the air substances, the air is caught by Tenax®—TA and Florisil® adsorption tube, and then the GC/MS and LC/MSMS analysis methods are used for qualitative and emission concentration analyses of SVOC of two-stage emission, respectively. The findings show that the floor construction materials emit nine phthalate SVOCs: DEHP, DINP, DNOP, DIDP, BBP, DBP, DIBP, DEP, and DMP, the two-stage emission concentrations are different, Stage 1 (normal temperature) emission concentration of six floor construction materials is 0.01–1.2% of Stage 2 (high temperature) emission concentration, meaning the phthalate SVOC of floor construction materials is unlikely to be volatilized or emitted at normal temperature. An interesting finding is that only S3 was detected DINP 72.6 (μg/m3) in stage 1. Others were detected DINP in stage 2. This might be because S3 has carpet on the surface. This implies that floor material with carpet may have an emission of DINP at normal temperature. The result of this study refers to the limited value evaluation of EU structural material standard emission TSVOC ≤ 0.1 ug/m3, the floor building material emissions are much higher than the evaluation criteria, increasing the health risk of users. The detection method and baseline can be used as the standard for controlling the emission of phthalate SVOC of Taiwan’s green building material labeling system in the future. more...
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- 2021
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12. Oral exposure to dibutyl phthalate exacerbates chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis through oxidative stress in female Wistar rats
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Yang Wu, Jinquan Li, Biao Yan, Yuqing Zhu, Xudong Liu, Mingqing Chen, Dai Li, Ching-Chang Lee, Xu Yang, and Ping Ma
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) is a common autoimmune disorder. The possible pathogenic role and mechanism of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in CLT is still controversial. Experiments were conducted after 35-days of oral exposure to the three concentrations of DBP or saline, and three immunizations with thyroglobulin (TG). Healthy female Wistar rats were randomly divided into ten exposure groups (n = 8 each): (A) saline control, (B) 0.5 mg/kg/d DBP, (C) 5 mg/kg/d DBP, (D) 50 mg/kg/d DBP, (E) TG-immunized group, (F) TG- combined with 0.5 mg/kg/d DBP, (G) TG- combined with 5 mg/kg/d DBP, (H) TG- combined with 50 mg/kg/d DBP, (I) TG- combined with 50 mg/kg/d DBP plus 100 mg/kg/d vitamin C; (J) 100 mg/kg/d vitamin C. We showed that oral exposure DBP can aggravate CLT in rats. This deterioration was concomitant with increased thyroid auto antibodies, Th1/Th2 imbalance and Th17 immune response, activated pro-inflammatory and apoptosis pathways, and increased thyroid dysfunction in rats. Our results also suggested that DBP could promote oxidative damage. The study also found that vitamin C reduced the levels of oxidative stress and alleviated CLT. In short, the study showed that DBP exacerbated CLT through oxidative stress. more...
- Published
- 2017
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13. Potential Factors Associated with the Blood Metal Concentrations of Reproductive-Age Women in Taiwan
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Tsung-Ho Ying, Chun-Jui Huang, Chia-Jung Hsieh, Pei-Ju Wu, Chang-Ching Yeh, Ping-Kun Hung, Wei-Hsiang Chang, Meng-Hsing Wu, Hsin Hung, Jung-Wei Chang, Chen-Tai Wang, Rachelle D. Arcega, Trias Mahmudiono, Ching-Chang Lee, and Hsiu-Ling Chen more...
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Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Pollution ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Exposure of reproductive-age women to toxic trace elements warrants attention because of their negative effects. This study aimed to investigate the levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) in the blood of 837 Taiwanese childbearing-age women and establish the correlation between their dietary pattern and heavy metal concentration. The concentrations of Cd and Pb were significantly higher in nonpregnant women than in pregnant women (Cd: 2.41 µg/L vs. 2.12 µg/L; Pb: 0.83 µg/dL vs. 0.73 µg/dL), whereas the concentration of Cr was significantly lower in nonpregnant women than in pregnant women (Cr: 0.98 µg/L vs. 1.05 µg/L). Otherwise, no significant differences in As (9.02 µg/L vs. 9.51 µg/L) and Hg (3.71 µg/L vs. 3.79 µg/L) were found between the nonpregnant and pregnant women. Overall, the levels of As, Hg, and Cd were higher in women from Taiwan than in those from other countries, and the blood metal concentrations of Cd and Hg showed a decreasing trend in the different pregnancy stages. The levels of As and Hg were highly correlated with seafood intake. Finally, lifestyle habits, such as burning incense usage and Chinese herb intake may contribute to metal accumulation in maternal or reproductive-age women. Preventive risk communication and educational strategies should be applied to these subgroups in view of food safety and public health concern. more...
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- 2023
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14. Efficiency and performance tests of the sorptive building materials that reduce indoor formaldehyde concentrations.
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Kun-Chih Huang, Yaw-Shyan Tsay, Fang-Ming Lin, Ching-Chang Lee, and Jung-Wei Chang
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The adsorption of volatile organic compounds by building materials reduces the pollutant concentrations in indoor air. We collected three interior building materials with adsorption potentials-latex paint, micro-carbonized plywood, and moisture-buffering siding-used the sorptive building materials test (SBMT) to determine how much they reduced indoor formaldehyde (HCHO) concentrations, and then assessed the consequent reduction in human cancer risk from HCHO inhalation. Adsorption of HCHO by building materials significantly improved the effective ventilation efficiency. For example, the equivalent ventilation rate for Celite siding-used for humidity control-was 1.44 m3/(m2·h) at 25°C, 50% relative humidity (RH); the loading factor (L) was 0.4 m2/m3, and the HCHO concentration was 0.2 ppm; this effect is equivalent to a higher ventilation rate of approximately 0.6 air changes per hour in a typical Taiwanese dwelling. There was also a substantial reduction of risk in Case MCP-2 (Cin,te: 245 μg/m3, 30°C, 50% RH): males: down 5.73 × 10-4; females: down 4.84 × 10-4). The selection of adsorptive building materials for interior surfaces, therefore, significantly reduces human inhalation of HCHO. Our findings should encourage developing and using innovative building materials that help improve indoor air quality and thus provide building occupants with healthier working and living environments. more...
- Published
- 2019
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15. Travellers' Intentions to Use Facial Recognition Systems for Authentication in Hotels
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Ching-Chang Lee and Hung-Fu Huang
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Information Systems and Management ,Human–computer interaction ,Strategy and Management ,Business ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Facial recognition system ,Authentication (law) ,Information Systems ,Management Information Systems - Abstract
With the rapid development of this technology, facial recognition systems have become widely adopted in recent years. The application of the facial recognition systems by the hotel industry has resulted in a novel service model, as well as in high expectations. These systems can be used to improve conventional services and can also enhance hotel security. Based on theory, this paper employs a technology acceptance model to gain a deeper understanding of how travelers' intention to use facial recognition systems for authentication is formed. This paper employed the survey method and used data from 413 subjects to develop a model yielding results with both theoretical and management implications. These results highlight the advantages and potential commercial value of facial recognition systems, and can provide useful analysis and suggestions for the hotel industry. more...
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- 2021
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16. Using Ontological E-Services Framework to Orchestrate E-Business Process Services.
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Tung-Hsiang Chou, Ching-Chang Lee, and Chin-Wen Lin
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- 2015
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17. Understanding Continuance Intention of Knowledge Creation in Online Communities from a Social-Psychological Perspective.
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Shih-Wei Chou, Ching-Chang Lee, Yu-Chieh Chang, and Chun-Tong Lin
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- 2009
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18. An Empirical Study of Developing an Adaptive Location-Based Services Interface on Smartphone.
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Kuo-Wei Su, Ching-Chang Lee, and Li-Kai Chen
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- 2007
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19. Toxicity prediction: An application of alternative testing and computational toxicology in contaminated groundwater sites in Taiwan
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Rachelle D. Arcega, Rong-Jane Chen, Pei-Shan Chih, Yi-Hsuan Huang, Wei-Hsiang Chang, Ting-Khai Kong, Ching-Chang Lee, Trias Mahmudiono, Chun-Chih Tsui, Wen-Che Hou, Hsin-Ta Hsueh, and Hsiu-Ling Chen
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Environmental Engineering ,General Medicine ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Waste Management and Disposal - Abstract
Groundwater contamination remains a global threat due to its toxic effects to humans and the environment. The remediation of contaminated groundwater sites can be costly, thus, identifying the priority areas of concern is important to reduce money spent on resources. In this study, we aimed to identify and rank the priority groundwater sites in a contaminated petrochemical district by combining alternative, non-animal approaches - chemical analysis, cell-based high throughput screening (HTS), and Toxicological Priority Index (ToxPi) computational toxicology tool. Groundwater samples collected from ten different sites in a contaminated district showed pollutant levels below the detection limit, however, hepatotoxic bioactivity was demonstrated in human hepatoma HepaRG cells. Integrating the pollutants information (i.e., pollutant characteristics and concentration data) with the bioactivity data of the groundwater samples, an evidence-based ranking of the groundwater sites for future remediation was established using ToxPi analysis. The currently presented combinatorial approach of screening groundwater sites for remediation purposes can further be refined by including relevant parameters, which can boost the utility of this approach for groundwater screening and future remediation. more...
- Published
- 2022
20. Chemical decontamination of foods using non-thermal plasma-activated water
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Samuel Herianto, Rachelle D. Arcega, Chih-Yao Hou, How-Ran Chao, Ching-Chang Lee, Chia-Min Lin, Trias Mahmudiono, and Hsiu-Ling Chen
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Environmental Engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,Pollution ,Waste Management and Disposal - Published
- 2023
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21. Evolutionary selection of model for time constrained decision problems: A GA approach.
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Ching-Chang Lee and Shing-Hwang Doong
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- 2008
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22. An empirical study of mobile commerce in insurance industry: Task-technology fit and individual differences.
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Ching-Chang Lee, Hsing Kenneth Cheng, and Hui-Hsin Cheng
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- 2007
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23. Potential Factors Affecting the Blood Metal Concentrations of Reproductive-Age Women in Taiwan
- Author
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Tsung-Ho Ying, Chun-Jui Huang, Chia-Jung Hsieh, Pei-Ju Wu, Chang-Ching Yeh, Ping-Kun Hung, Wei-Hsiang Chang, Meng-Hsing Wu, Hsin Hung, Jung-Wei Chang, Chen-Tai Wang, Trias Mahmudiono, Ching-Chang Lee, and Hsiu-Ling Chen more...
- Subjects
History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2022
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24. Factors Affecting Consumers' Continued Participation Intention Toward Online Shopping Promotion Festivals: China's Double 11 Shopping Festival
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Yan Xu and Ching-Chang Lee
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- 2022
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25. Toxicity Prediction: An Application of Alternative Testing and Computational Toxicology in Contaminated Groundwater Sites in Taiwan
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Hsiu-Ling Chen, Rong-Jane Chen, Pei-Shan Chih, Yi-Hsuan Huang, Wei-Hsiang Chang, Ting-Khai Kong, Ching-Chang Lee, Trias Mahmudiono, Chun-Chih Tsui, Wen-Che Hou, and Hsin-Ta Hsueh
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History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2022
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26. Association between Blood Dioxin Level and Chronic Kidney Disease in an Endemic Area of Exposure.
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Chien-Yuan Huang, Cheng-Long Wu, Jin-Shang Wu, Jung-Wei Chang, Ya-Yun Cheng, Yau-Chang Kuo, Yi-Ching Yang, Ching-Chang Lee, and How-Ran Guo
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND:Dioxin is an industrial pollutant related to various diseases, but epidemiological data on its effects on the kidney are limited. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate the association between dioxin exposure and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and identify the related factors. METHODS:We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study and recruited participants from an area where the residents were exposed to dioxin released from a factory. We defined a "high dioxin level" as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) ≥ 20 pg WHO98-TEQDF/g lipid in the serum and defined CKD as having an estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73m2 or a diagnosis of CKD by a physician. The renal function was assessed between 2005 and 2010, and we excluded those who had had kidney diseases before the study started. Comparisons between patients of CKD and those who did not have CKD were made to identify the risk factors for CKD. RESULTS:Of the 2898 participants, 1427 had high dioxin levels, and 156 had CKD. In the univariate analyses, CKD was associated with high dioxin levels, age, gender, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and high insulin and uric acid levels. After adjusting for other factors, we found high dioxin levels (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-2.99), female gender (AOR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.20-2.53), hypertension (AOR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.17-2.42), high insulin levels (AOR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.26-3.61), high uric acid levels (AOR = 4.25, 95% CI: 2.92-6.20), and older age (AOR = 4.66, 95% CI: 1.87-11.62 for 40-64 year and AOR = 26.66, 95% CI: 10.51-67.62 for age ≥ 65 year) were independent predictors of CKD. CONCLUSION:A high dioxin level was associated with an increased prevalence of CKD. Therefore, the kidney function of populations with exposure to dioxin should be monitored. more...
- Published
- 2016
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27. Exposure Estimation for Risk Assessment of the Phthalate Incident in Taiwan.
- Author
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Chu-Chih Chen, Shu-Li Wang, Ming-Tsang Wu, Yin-Han Wang, Po-Chin Huang, Bai-Hsiun Chen, Chien-Wen Sun, Chi-Kung Ho, Yang-Chih Shih, Ming-Neng Shiu, Wen-Harn Pan, Mei-Lien Chen, Ching-Chang Lee, and Chao A Hsiung more...
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND:In May 2011, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalates (DEHP) and, to a lesser extent, di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DiNP) were found to have been illegally used for many years in Taiwan as clouding agents in foods including sports drinks, juice beverages, tea drinks, fruit jam/nectar/jelly, and health or nutrient supplements. OBJECTIVE:To estimate the DEHP exposure for the study participants for the follow-up epidemiological study and health risk assessment. METHODS:A total of 347 individuals possibly highly exposed to phthalate-tainted foods participated in the study. Exposure assessment was performed based on the participants' responses to a structured questionnaire, self-report of exposure history, urinary metabolite concentrations, and DEHP concentration information in 2449 food records. A Bayesian statistical approach using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation was employed to deal with the uncertainties in the DEHP concentrations of the contaminated foods and the participants' likelihood of being exposed. RESULTS:An estimated 37% and 15% of children younger than 12 years old were exposed to DEHP at medium (20-50 μg / kg_bw / day) and high AvDIs (50-100 μg / kg_bw / day), respectively, prior to the episode (9% and 3% in adults, respectively). Moreover, 11% of children and 1% of adults were highly exposed (> 100 μg / kg_bw / day), with a maximum of 414.1 μg / kg_bw / day and 126.4 μg / kg_bw / day, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The phthalate exposure-associated adverse health effects for these participants warrant further investigation. The estimation procedure may be applied to other exposure assessment with various sources of uncertainties. more...
- Published
- 2016
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28. Abdominal Obesity and Insulin Resistance in People Exposed to Moderate-to-High Levels of Dioxin.
- Author
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Jung-Wei Chang, Hsiu-Ling Chen, Huey-Jen Su, and Ching-Chang Lee
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Obesity, a risk factor for developing metabolic complications, is a major public health problem. Abdominal obesity is strongly accompanied by a cluster of metabolic abnormalities characterized by insulin resistance. The link between persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and insulin resistance has been investigated in animal and epidemiological studies. We aimed to examine whether insulin resistance is greater in people with abdominal obesity (AO) and concomitant exposure to serum dioxins (PCDD/Fs). We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study of 2876 participants living near a PCDD/Fs contaminated area. Seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs congeners were measured, and then the associations between the main predictor variable, serum TEQDF-1998, abdominal obesity (AO), dependent variables, and insulin resistance were examined. Twelve of the 17 congeners, widely distributed among PCDDs, and PCDFs, had trends for associations with abdominal adiposity. In men, the highest quintiles of 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF; 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD; 2,3,7,8-TCDD; 2,3,7,8-TCDF; and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF had the top five adjusted odds ratios (AORs) + 95% confidence intervals (CIs):[4.2; 2.7-6.4], [3.6; 2.3-5.7], [3.2; 2.1-5.0], [3.0; 2.0-4.5], and [2.9; 1.9-4.7], respectively. In women, the highest quintiles of 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF; 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF; and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF had the top three AORs + 95% CIs:[3.0; 1.9-4.7], [2.0; 1.3-3.1], and [1.9; 1.3-2.9], respectively. After confounding factors had been adjusted for, men, but not women, with higher serum TEQDF-1998 levels or abdominal obesity had a significantly (Ptrend < 0.001) greater risk for abnormal insulin resistance. The groups with the highest joint serum TEQDF-1998 and abdominal obesity levels were associated with elevated insulin resistance at 5.0 times the odds of the groups with the lowest joint levels (AOR 5.23; 95% CI: 3.53-7.77). We hypothesize that serum TEQDF-1998 and abdominal obesity affect the association with insulin resistance in general populations. more...
- Published
- 2016
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29. A methodology for designing form-based decision support systems.
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Jen-Her Wu, Her-Sen Doong, Ching-Chang Lee, Tse-Chih Hsia, and Ting-Peng Liang
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- 2004
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30. Insights into the long-term fates and impacts of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediment samples in Taiwan: The national project for background monitoring of the environmental distribution of chemical substances (BMECs)
- Author
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Wei-Hsiang Chang, Quang-Oai Lu, Hsiu-Ling Chen, Ning-Syuan Hsu, and Ching-Chang Lee
- Subjects
China ,Geologic Sediments ,Rivers ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ,Taiwan ,General Medicine ,Toxicology ,Pollution ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact factors and effectiveness of management policies on the presence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in sediment samples in Taiwan from the last 10 years. Twenty-four PBDE congeners were detected in 838 sediment samples collected from 4 stages (2006-2019) in 30 principal rivers, based on the national project for background monitoring of the environmental distribution of chemical substances. The ΣPBDE concentrations in the 4 stages ranged from 30.00 to 147.10 ng/g dw, 6.03-15.30 ng/g dw, 4.99-7.00 ng/g dw, and 1.20-2.10 ng/g dw in the northern, southern, central, and eastern areas, respectively. The concentrations of PBDEs (e.g., penta-BDE and octa-BDE) in sediment samples notably decreased (-6 to -73%) as the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration implemented policies banning PBDEs (except deca-BDE). The PBDEs levels of the sediment samples collected in the dry season were higher than those collected in the wet season. The levels of ΣPBDEs in sediment samples were affected by season, the amount of general waste present, and nearby PBDE-related factories and e-waste recycling facilities. Reducing the release of PBDEs, especially deca-BDE, through sound waste management and recycling practices is still needed to improve environmental sustainability in Taiwan. more...
- Published
- 2022
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31. Aggregating exposures and toxicity equivalence approach into an integrated probabilistic dietary risk assessment for perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate: Results from the National food monitoring study and National Food Consumption Database
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Wei-Hsiang Chang, Pei-Hsuan Chen, Samuel Herianto, Hsiu-Ling Chen, and Ching-Chang Lee
- Subjects
Nitrates ,Perchlorates ,Humans ,Nitrogen Oxides ,Risk Assessment ,Biochemistry ,Thiocyanates ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate, namely thyroid disrupting chemicals (TDCs), are found ubiquitously in the environment, leading to broad human exposure and primary uptake through the food web and drinking water. TDCs are all competitive inhibitors of thyroid iodide uptake activity, but limited studies have assessed the cumulative risk of dietary exposure to multiple TDCs. Thus, in this study, we analyzed the individual exposure risk from 310 food samples in 11 categories, and also assessed the cumulative health risks from TDCs for the Taiwanese population using a perchlorate equivalent concentration (PEC) approach. Consequently, this study not only demonstrated the non-carcinogenic health risks from individual exposure but also highlighted that the cumulative exposure to these TDCs may adversely affect human thyroid functioning. Vegetables, livestock, fruits, and dairy products are the most susceptible to PEC exposure. We highlighted nitrate as the main contributor to PEC exposure. Finally, controlling the overall TDC concentrations from vegetables, livestock, fruits, and dairy products is emphasized in this study. This is the first study to conduct a cumulative risk assessment of dietary exposure to TDCs using the PEC approach for the Taiwanese population through probabilistic and sensitivity analyses. more...
- Published
- 2022
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32. Prenatal Phthalates Exposure and Cord Thyroid Hormones: A Birth Cohort Study in Southern Taiwan
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Po Chin Huang, Wan Ting Chang, Shu Fang Shih, Ching Chang Lee, Wei Hsiang Chang, and Pao Lin Kuo
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Thyroid Hormones ,Cord ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Phthalic Acids ,Taiwan ,Physiology ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,phthalate metabolites ,Pregnancy ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,medicine ,Endocrine system ,Humans ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Fetus ,business.industry ,Thyroid ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant, Newborn ,birth cohort ,medicine.disease ,thyroid hormone ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Maternal Exposure ,Cord blood ,cord blood ,Medicine ,Female ,Thyroid function ,business ,Hormone - Abstract
Background: The regulation of thyroid hormones in the early stages of gestation plays a crucial role in the outcome of a pregnancy. Furthermore, thyroid hormones are fundamental for the fetal development of all organs, including endocrine hormone changes in uterus. Endocrine disrupting chemicals have been shown to have an effect on thyroid hormone homeostasis in newborns, which affects their later development. Few studies have proposed how phthalates could alter thyroid function through several mechanisms and the possible effects on thyroid hormone homeostasis of phthalates on pregnant women. However, the effects of cord blood phthalates and prenatal phthalate exposure on thyroid hormones in newborns remain unclear. Objectives: We aim to follow up on our previous established subjects and determine the correlation between phthalate exposure and thyroid hormones in pregnant women and newborns. Materials and methods: We recruited 61 pregnant women from the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of a medical hospital in southern Taiwan and followed up. High performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was used to analyze urine samples for five phthalate metabolites. Serum levels of thyroid hormones were analyzed using electrochemoluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) method. We used Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients to evaluate the correlation between each phthalate metabolites in serum and the thyroid hormone levels in fetus and parturient. Finally, multiple logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between hormones and their corresponding phthalate metabolites in cord blood. Results: High MBP in cord blood was correlated with negative cord serum TSH in newborns (r = −0.25, p <, 0.06). By using multiple linear regression after adjusting for potential confounders (gestational and maternal age), cord serum MBP levels showed a negative association with cord serum TSH (β = 0.217, p <, 0.05), cord serum T4 (β = 1.71, p <, 0.05) and cord serum T4 × TSH (β = 42.8, p <, 0.05), respectively. Conclusion: We found that levels of cord serum TSH and T4 in newborns was significantly negatively associated with cord serum MBP levels after adjusting for significant covariate. The fall in TSH in newborns may potentially be delaying their development. more...
- Published
- 2021
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33. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in 30 river ecosystems, Taiwan: Sources, and ecological and human health risks
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Chien-Jung Tien, Zi-Xuan Wang, Colin S. Chen, and Ching Chang Lee
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China ,Geologic Sediments ,Environmental Engineering ,River ecosystem ,Taiwan ,Risk Assessment ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Rivers ,polycyclic compounds ,Environmental Chemistry ,Animals ,Humans ,Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Air quality index ,Ecosystem ,Trophic level ,Sediment ,Contamination ,Pollution ,Hazard quotient ,chemistry ,Wastewater ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,Pyrene ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are diverse contaminants of global concern because of their ubiquity, toxicity, and carcinogenicity to many organisms, including humans. This study determines the distribution and sources of PAHs in sediments and fish from 30 major rivers in Taiwan, and the risks these PAHs pose to river ecosystems and human health. The total concentrations of 26 PAHs in sediments and fish were 0.016-7.44 mg/kg dw and 0.096-5.51 mg/kg ww, respectively. The PAH composition in sediments differed from that in fish, indicating that sediments may not be the major contributor of PAHs to fish. The accumulation of different PAH compounds in fish was species-specific, depending on the lipid content, living pattern, and trophic level of each fish species, and on the level of environmental contamination. The diagnostic ratios revealed that PAHs in the sediment primarily originated from pyrogenic sources, with some contribution from petrogenic sources. The contribution of each source varied with the sampling site and season. Several water and air quality variables were found to significantly correlate with PAH concentration in sediments and fish, suggesting that PAHs were mainly derived from wastewater discharge and combustion emissions. The 95th percentile risk quotient values suggested that PAHs in sediment from six rivers pose high ecotoxicological risks. The toxic equivalents of benzo[a]pyrene for 16 PAHs in fish were 12-108 μg/kg dw. A human risk assessment using the 95th percentile values of hazard quotient, hazard index, and margin of exposure revealed that the consumption of contaminated fish muscle poses no remarkable risk to human health. However, the 95th percentile carcinogenic risk values indicated that benzo[a]pyrene concentrations in some fish muscles may pose a carcinogenic risk. Benzo[a]pyrene risk management measures are, therefore, necessary. more...
- Published
- 2020
34. Suppression of oral cancer by induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis using Juniperus communis extract
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Nu-Man Tsai, Shan-Chih Lee, Kai-Fu Chang, Ching-Chang Lee, Ming-Chang Hsieh, Ming-Shih Lee, Xiao-Fan Huang, and Chih-Yen Hsiao
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0301 basic medicine ,Cell cycle checkpoint ,Biophysics ,Cell Death & Injury ,Apoptosis ,Biochemistry ,Metastasis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,synergistic effect ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) ,medicine ,Humans ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Viability assay ,Molecular Biology ,Research Articles ,Cancer ,Cell Proliferation ,cell apoptosis ,business.industry ,Oral cancer ,Drug Synergism ,Cell Biology ,Cell cycle ,medicine.disease ,G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints ,030104 developmental biology ,Juniperus ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cell Cycle, Growth & Proliferation ,Cancer cell ,Cancer research ,cell cycle ,Juniperus communis ,Mouth Neoplasms ,Fluorouracil ,Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ,business ,Drugs, Chinese Herbal - Abstract
The oral cancer incidence rate is slowly increasing and is now the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death due to its high metastasis and recurrence rate. Juniperus communis is used as a traditional Chinese medicine and has been proven to have anti-cancer activity against neuroblastomas. In the present study, we further investigated the anti-cancer mechanisms of J. communis extract (JCo) on oral cancer and evaluated the synergistic effects of JCo combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). We found that JCo inhibited oral cancer cell growth, and that JCo might be less cytotoxic to normal cells than to cancer cells. After JCo treatment, cell cycle arrest was observed at the G0/G1 phase through modulation of p53/p21 and Rb signaling. JCo also caused an increase in the sub-G1 phase and cell apoptosis via the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. JCo combined with 5-FU presented a synergistic effect to reduce cell viability. In conclusion, JCo inhibited oral cancer cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and activating cell apoptosis, and JCo significantly synergized with 5-FU. JCo might have the potential to be an adjuvant and a new therapeutic drug for oral cancer treatment. more...
- Published
- 2020
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35. Exposure to ZnO/TiO2 Nanoparticles Affects Health Outcomes in Cosmetics Salesclerks
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Jung Wei Chang, Yi Hsin Lin, Ching Chang Lee, Wen Che Hou, and Meng Han Li
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Adult ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Metal Nanoparticles ,lcsh:Medicine ,02 engineering and technology ,Cosmetics ,Health outcomes ,Article ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Human health ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Occupational Exposure ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Humans ,Food science ,media_common ,Titanium ,Chemistry ,nanocosmetics ,titanium dioxide ,Tio2 nanoparticles ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Commerce ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,zinc oxide ,Middle Aged ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Affect ,0210 nano-technology ,oxidative stress markers - Abstract
Concerns about the effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on human health are being raised by researchers because the risks of nanocosmetics like sunscreen are unknown. We explored the association between urinary oxidative stress markers and exposure of cosmetics salesclerks to 20 cosmetics that might contain titanium dioxide (TiO2)/zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs. We then recruited 40 cosmetics salesclerks and 24 clothing salesclerks and categorized them based on their exposure to ZnO and TiO2 NPs. Nineteen and 15 samples met the EU definition for TiO2 and ZnO nanomaterials, respectively. Participants with a higher co-exposure index of ZnO and TiO2 NPs had a significantly higher base level of urinary 8-hydroxy-2&prime, deoxyguanosin (8-OHdG) concentrations than the lower co-exposure group (5.82 vs. 2.85 ng/mL, p <, 0.001). After potential confounding factors had been adjusted for, the TiO2 and ZnO NP co-exposure index was significantly positively associated with the urinary 8-OHdG base concentration (&beta, = 0.308, 95% CI = 0.106 to 0.510) and the creatinine-adjusted concentration (&beta, = 0.486, 95% CI = 0.017 to 0.954). Current evidence suggests that the likelihood of harm from using sunscreens containing nanoparticles might result in higher urinary 8-OHdG. However, our limited number and types of sample cosmetics might underestimate the risk. more...
- Published
- 2020
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36. The effects of phthalate ester exposure on human health: A review
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Hsin Hung, Hsiu Ling Chen, Ching Chang Lee, Samuel Herianto, and Wei Hsiang Chang
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,China ,animal structures ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Phthalic Acids ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Human health ,Plasticizers ,Environmental health ,Diabetes mellitus ,Diethylhexyl Phthalate ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Precocious puberty ,Humans ,Child ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,business.industry ,Anogenital distance ,Phthalate ,Symptom development ,Esters ,medicine.disease ,Pollution ,Obesity ,Dibutyl Phthalate ,chemistry ,Female ,business - Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are one of the most widely used plasticizers in polymer products and humans are increasingly exposed to them. The constant exposure to PAEs-contained products has raised some concerns against human health. Thus, the impacts of PAEs and their metabolites on human health require a comprehensive study for a better understanding of the associated risks. Here, we attempt to review eight main health effects of PAE exposure according to the most up-to-date studies. We found that epidemiological studies demonstrated a consistent association between PAE exposure (especially DEHP and its metabolites) and a decrease in sperm quality in males and symptom development of ADHD in children. Overall, we found insufficient evidence and lack of consistency of the association between PAE exposure and cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, atherosclerosis, and CHD), thyroid diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes, obesity, kidney diseases, intelligence performance in children, and other reproductive system-related diseases (anogenital distance, girl precocious puberty, and endometriosis). Future studies (longitudinal and follow-up investigations) need to thoroughly perform in large-scale populations to yield more consistent and powerful results and increase the precision of the association as well as enhance the overall understanding of potential human health risks of PAEs in long-term exposure. more...
- Published
- 2020
37. Dietary exposure assessment to perchlorate in the Taiwanese population: A risk assessment based on the probabilistic approach
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Ching Chang Lee, Wei Hsiang Chang, and Hsiu Ling Chen
- Subjects
Tolerable daily intake ,Male ,Percentile ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Population ,Taiwan ,Food Contamination ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,Risk Assessment ,Food group ,Dietary Exposure ,Perchlorate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Environmental health ,Medicine ,Humans ,education ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Reference dose ,education.field_of_study ,Perchlorates ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Environmental Exposure ,Food safety ,Pollution ,Diet ,chemistry ,Female ,business ,Risk assessment - Abstract
Perchlorate is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) that contaminate various foodstuffs. Exposure to perchlorate may cause severe health problems, mainly thyroid dysfunction. However, information on perchlorate contamination of consumer foods in Taiwan is limited. This study investigated perchlorate levels in 310 food samples belonging to 12 food groups collected from Taiwanese markets. A probabilistic risk assessment was conducted to assess the related exposure to Taiwanese people. Perchlorate was detected in 65% of the samples and high levels were identified in certain plant-origin, fruit, and processed food samples. A probabilistic approach was used to estimate daily dietary dose (Monte Carlo–estimated 95th percentile dietary exposure [MCS 95]) by using the Taiwan National Food Consumption database for 14 sex/age groups. The highest and lowest average daily doses (ADDs) were in the age groups of >65 years (MCS 95 = 3.60/3.90 [male/female] μg/kg bw/day) and 16–18 years (MCS 95 = 1.70/1.47 [M/F] μg/kg bw/day), respectively. The 95th percentile of the hazard index of exposure to perchlorate of all sex/age groups far exceeded the tolerable daily intake (0.3 μg/kg bw/day) and reference dose (0.7 μg/kg bw/day) set by the European Food Safety Authority and US EPA, respectively, but it was lower than the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (10 μg/kg bw/day) suggested by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. The intake quantity and concentrations of perchlorate from vegetables, fruits, and whole grains are the critical contributors for the ADDs and integrated risk of dietary exposure to perchlorate. Long-term exposure through diets should be considered, instead of focusing on individual EDC during dietary risk assessment in specific populations. Furthermore, cumulative risks for exposure to multiple contaminants, particularly those causing thyroid adverse effects, may be higher than that from perchlorate exposure alone. more...
- Published
- 2020
38. Dietary intake of 4-nonylphenol and bisphenol A in Taiwanese population: Integrated risk assessment based on probabilistic and sensitive approach
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Hsiu Ling Chen, Wei Hsiang Chang, Ching Chang Lee, and Shou Chun Liu
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Bisphenol A ,Percentile ,Meat ,Adolescent ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Population ,Taiwan ,Food Contamination ,Endocrine Disruptors ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,Risk Assessment ,01 natural sciences ,Animal origin ,Dietary Exposure ,Young Adult ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Phenols ,Animals ,Humans ,Medicine ,Benzhydryl Compounds ,Cities ,Child ,education ,Aged ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Dietary intake ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Food safety ,Pollution ,Nonylphenol ,Seafood ,chemistry ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,business ,Risk assessment - Abstract
4-Nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) are high-production and high-volume chemicals used to manufacture various commercial products. They are also ubiquitous contaminants that disrupt endocrine systems in wildlife and humans. We collected, from Taiwan cities with the highest food production, and analyzed, using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS), 278 food samples for NP and BPA from 11 categories. We found background levels of 100% for NP and 72% for BPA in total samples. High levels of contamination (up to 918 and 49.4 μg/kg) were found in some foods of seafood and animal origin. We used a probabilistic approach to calculate daily dietary dose (Monte Carlo-estimated 95th percentile dietary exposure [MCS 95]) from the Taiwan National Food Consumption database for each sex- and age-specified population. For NP and BPA, the highest average daily dose (ADDs) were in the 4- to 6-year-old group (MCS 95 = 1.57/1.28 and 0.157/0.147 [Male/Female] μg/kg bw/day, respectively), and the lowest ADDs were in the ≥65-year-old group (MCS 95 = 0.674/0.581 and 0.054/0.045 [M/F] μg/kg bw/day, respectively). Based on the European Food Safety Authority (4 μg/kg bw/day for BPA) and Danish Institute of Safety and Toxicology guidelines (5 μg/kg bw/day for NP), the 95th percentile HQ of NP and BPA intake in different sex- and age-specified groups in Taiwan posed no risks through dietary exposure. The intake quantity and concentrations of grains, livestock, and seafood are important variables for the integrated risk of NP and BPA. In conclusion, a combination of multiple and long-term exposure via food consumption should be considered rather than individual endocrine-disrupting chemicals during dietary risk assessment in specific populations. Summary The 95th percentile HQ of NP and BPA intake in different age and sex groups in Taiwan posed no risks through dietary exposure based on probabilistic and sensitive approach. more...
- Published
- 2019
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39. Spatiotemporal patterns of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in foodstuffs in air quality regions in Taiwan
- Author
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Ching Chang Lee, Wei Hsiang Chang, Jung Wei Chang, and Hsin Tang Lin
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,Air quality index ,Food Science - Abstract
High-fat food intake is the main source of dioxin-like compounds for humans, such as consumption of meat, dairy and eggs, and seafood products. Fruits, vegetables, and cereals have relatively low levels of dioxin-like compounds, but because of high consumption they also contribute to the food-borne intake. It is necessary to clarify dietary dioxin exposure affected by different food contamination levels and dietary habits among different geographic areas. We aimed to evaluate chronic dietary PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs exposure in 725 individual foods in 14 categories in 6 Taiwan air quality regions (AQRs) and a total of 2441 foods from 2004 to 2018. We estimated daily PCDD/Fs + DL-PCBs intake on the basis of sex- and age-specific foodstuff ingestion rate and PCDD/Fs+ DL-PCBs concentrations using a probabilistic approach. PCDD/F+ DL-PCB levels among the different sampling periods exhibited a decreasing trend in fish and aquatic products (from 0.384 ± 0.764 to 0.206±0.223pgWHO more...
- Published
- 2020
40. Spatiotemporal distribution and risk assessment of short-chain chlorinated paraffins in 30 major rivers in Taiwan
- Author
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Colin S. Chen, Ching Chang Lee, Yi-Yun Wu, and Chien-Jung Tien
- Subjects
China ,Environmental Engineering ,River ecosystem ,Taiwan ,Risk Assessment ,Chlorinated paraffins ,Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated ,Animals ,Humans ,Environmental Chemistry ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Ecosystem ,Trophic level ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Biota ,Contamination ,Pollution ,Hazard quotient ,Paraffin ,Child, Preschool ,Bioaccumulation ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,Water quality ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Because of their highly persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic properties, short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) have become emerging contaminants and have been included in Annex A (elimination) of the Stockholm Convention since 2017. The contamination of SCCPs has been observed in the environment and biota worldwide but has not been detected in Taiwanese river ecosystems. Thus, this study aimed to determine the occurrence of SCCPs in sediments and fish from 30 major rivers in Taiwan and to evaluate the risk of SCCPs to river ecosystems and human health. The concentrations of SCCPs in sediments and fish ranged from ND (not detected) to 12.6 mg/kg dw and ND to 2.07 mg/kg ww, respectively. The concentrations of SCCPs in sediments were significantly correlated with some indicators of the discharge sources and water quality variables, indicating that SCCPs were released via human activities and various discharges into rivers and accumulated in sediments. The bioaccumulation of SCCPs in fish exhibited species-specific profiles and was related to environmental contamination levels and the living pattern and trophic level of the fish. The SCCP levels in sediments from 20 major rivers in Taiwan might pose a potential ecological risk to river ecosystems according to the criteria of the Federal Environmental Quality Guidelines in Canada, the biota–sediment accumulation factor and the risk quotient. Consumption of SCCP-contaminated river fish by different gender and age groups showed no significant health risk to residents in Taiwan evaluated by the estimated daily intake and hazard quotient. However, there was a health concern for the 0- to 3-year-old group due to the consumption of contaminated river fish at a bioaccessibility of 100% for SCCPs by the margin of exposure. Routine monitoring of SCCPs in river ecosystems is needed to protect aquatic organisms and human health. more...
- Published
- 2022
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41. Assessment of efficacy and safety of PEGylated interferon plus ribavirin in elderly patients with chronic hepatitis C
- Author
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Ching-Chang Lee, Wu-Hsien Kuo, Chi-Chang Tsai, Hsin-Wen Lai, Lung-Chih Cheng, Shi-Chi Wen, Jui-Hung Hsu, and Pei-Chen Shih
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Hepatitis C virus ,Ribavirin ,General Medicine ,PEGINTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN ,medicine.disease_cause ,Gastroenterology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Chronic hepatitis ,chemistry ,Pegylated interferon ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Elderly patient ,business ,medicine.drug - Published
- 2018
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42. Translocation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers from field-contaminated soils to an edible plant
- Author
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Ching Chang Lee, Yang-hsin Shih, Siang Chen Wu, and Chien Ying Yang
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Bioconcentration ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Ipomoea ,01 natural sciences ,Polybrominated diphenyl ethers ,Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ,Soil Pollutants ,Environmental Chemistry ,Ipomoea batatas ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Contaminated soils ,biology ,Contamination ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Soil contamination ,Environmental chemistry ,Soil water ,Environmental science ,Leafy vegetables ,Plants, Edible ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), recognised emerging contaminants, widely exist and persist in the environment. Samples were taken from a heavily contaminated farm in Taiwan located near a factory known to regularly use PBDEs. Sweet potato vines (Ipomoea batatas L., a commonly consumed vegetable in Asia) growing in the surrounding farmlands were found to contain a high concentration of PBDEs of 19.36 ng/g. The possibility of PBDEs translocation into sweet potato vines from soil samples was evaluated. To prevent the PBDEs from air through that factory, the pot experiments were performed in a greenhouse, which showed that the PBDEs concentration of 24 congeners (tri- through deca-BDE) in the sweet potato vine after 14-days cultivation was 29.90 ng/g, 40-times higher than that in the contaminated soil. After another 14-days, the PBDE concentration decreased to 12.30 ng/g as high-brominated PBDEs were transformed to medium- and/or low-brominated PBDEs in the sweet potato vine. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) values exceeded 20.0 for most of the deca-, nona-, and octa-BDEs but BCFs were below 18.9 for the rest of the medium- and low-brominated PBDEs. Our results demonstrate that high-brominated PBDEs can translocate into leafy vegetables from soils, and sweet potato vines tend to accumulate high-brominated PBDEs into their edible parts. more...
- Published
- 2018
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43. Characterization of phthalates exposure and risk for cosmetics and perfume sales clerks
- Author
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Po Chin Huang, Kai Wei Liao, Shiou Hui Chan, Ching Chang Lee, and Jung Wei Chang
- Subjects
Risk ,0301 basic medicine ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Phthalic Acids ,Cosmetics ,Urine ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Diethylhexyl Phthalate ,Occupational Exposure ,Humans ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,Monomethyl phthalate ,Commerce ,Phthalate ,General Medicine ,Pollution ,Perfume ,Ambient air ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Phthalate monoesters ,Occupational exposure - Abstract
High levels of phthalates in name-brand cosmetics products have raised concerns about phthalate exposure and the associated risk for cosmetics sales clerks. We assessed the exposure and risk of phthalates in 23 cosmetics, 4 perfume, and 9 clothing department store sales clerks. We collected 108 urine samples pre- and post-shift and analyzed for phthalate monoesters through liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Phthalates in 32 air samples were collected and analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Demographic characteristics and information on the exposure scenarios were obtained through questionnaires. Principal component analysis, cluster and risk analysis were applied to identify the exposure profile and risk of phthalate. Median post-shift levels of urinary mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) and monomethyl phthalate (MMP) were significantly higher than the corresponding pre-shift levels in cosmetics group (53.3 vs. 30.9 μg/g-c for MEHP; 34.4 vs. 22.5 μg/g-c for MMP; both P 0.05) and the post-shift levels of urinary MMP was significantly higher than the corresponding pre-shift levels in perfume group (26.6 vs. 14.9 μg/g-c, P 0.05). Median levels of air diethyl phthalate (DEP) in cosmetics (1.77 μg/m more...
- Published
- 2018
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44. Oral exposure to dibutyl phthalate exacerbates chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis through oxidative stress in female Wistar rats
- Author
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Mingqing Chen, Xu Yang, Jinquan Li, Biao Yan, Ping Ma, Ching Chang Lee, Dai Li, Yang Wu, Yuqing Zhu, and Xudong Liu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Vitamin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,genetic structures ,Dibutyl phthalate ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Science ,Administration, Oral ,Apoptosis ,Ascorbic Acid ,Hashimoto Disease ,010501 environmental sciences ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Thyroglobulin ,Article ,Antioxidants ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,cardiovascular diseases ,Rats, Wistar ,Saline ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Autoantibodies ,Multidisciplinary ,Vitamin C ,Thyroid ,Dibutyl Phthalate ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,Oxidative Stress ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Disease Progression ,Medicine ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,Oxidative stress ,Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ,circulatory and respiratory physiology - Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) is a common autoimmune disorder. The possible pathogenic role and mechanism of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in CLT is still controversial. Experiments were conducted after 35-days of oral exposure to the three concentrations of DBP or saline, and three immunizations with thyroglobulin (TG). Healthy female Wistar rats were randomly divided into ten exposure groups (n = 8 each): (A) saline control, (B) 0.5 mg/kg/d DBP, (C) 5 mg/kg/d DBP, (D) 50 mg/kg/d DBP, (E) TG-immunized group, (F) TG- combined with 0.5 mg/kg/d DBP, (G) TG- combined with 5 mg/kg/d DBP, (H) TG- combined with 50 mg/kg/d DBP, (I) TG- combined with 50 mg/kg/d DBP plus 100 mg/kg/d vitamin C; (J) 100 mg/kg/d vitamin C. We showed that oral exposure DBP can aggravate CLT in rats. This deterioration was concomitant with increased thyroid auto antibodies, Th1/Th2 imbalance and Th17 immune response, activated pro-inflammatory and apoptosis pathways, and increased thyroid dysfunction in rats. Our results also suggested that DBP could promote oxidative damage. The study also found that vitamin C reduced the levels of oxidative stress and alleviated CLT. In short, the study showed that DBP exacerbated CLT through oxidative stress. more...
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- 2017
45. Association Between Dioxin and Metabolic Syndrome by Age and Sex in an Endemic Area of Exposure in Taiwan
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How Ran Guo, Jung Wei Chang, Yau Chang Kuo, Ya Yun Cheng, Chien Yuan Huang, Ching Chang Lee, and Chen Long Wu
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins ,Endemic Diseases ,Epidemiology ,Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins ,Taiwan ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Age and sex ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sex Factors ,0302 clinical medicine ,Sex factors ,Internal medicine ,Environmental health ,Odds Ratio ,medicine ,Humans ,heterocyclic compounds ,Aged ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Metabolic Syndrome ,business.industry ,Endemic area ,Environmental Exposure ,Environmental exposure ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Female ,Dibenzofurans ,Endemic diseases ,Metabolic syndrome ,business - Abstract
Some of the effects of dioxins seem to be different between men and women, and exposures starting at an early age seem to have more prominent effects. Therefore, we conducted a study in Taiwan to evaluate the associations between exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) starting at different ages in both sexes.We recruited participants from an area where residents were exposed to PCDD/Fs released from a factory and defined serum PCDD/Fs levels ≥20 pg WHO98-TEQDF/g lipid as high dioxin levels. MetS was defined as meeting three of the following criteria: fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dl or under treatment for diabetes, waist circumference ≥90 cm in men or ≥80 cm in women, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl or under treatment for elevated triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein40 mg/dl in men or50 mg/dl in women, and blood pressures ≥130/85 mmHg or under treatment for hypertension.Of the 2758 participants, 785 patients with MetS were identified, and we observed positive associations between a high dioxin level and MetS. After adjusting for sex, age, and age at starting exposure, we found that a high dioxin level was an independent predictor for MetS (adjusted odds ratio =1.38; 95% confidence interval = 1.11, 1.72). When we stratified the participants by gender, we found that a high dioxin level remained an independent predictor of MetS in men, but not in women, regardless of the age at starting exposure.Exposure to PCDD/Fs was associated with MetS in men, independent of age and age at starting exposure. more...
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- 2017
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46. Exposure sources and their relative contributions to urinary phthalate metabolites among children in Taiwan
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Mei-Huei Chen, Ming-Tsang Wu, Bai Hsiun Chen, Chao A. Hsiung, Shu Chun Chuang, Yin Han Wang, Chien Wen Sun, Hsiao Chun Fu, Shu-Li Wang, Chu Chih Chen, Po Chin Huang, Ching Chang Lee, and Mei-Lien Chen more...
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Male ,Urinary system ,Metabolite ,Living environment ,Phthalic Acids ,Taiwan ,Food Contamination ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Toxicology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Plasticizers ,Crustacea ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Environmental health ,Animals ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,business.industry ,Fishes ,Food Packaging ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Phthalate ,Infant ,Environmental Exposure ,Environmental exposure ,Stepwise regression ,Diet ,Seafood ,chemistry ,Child, Preschool ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,business ,Reproductive effects ,Food contaminant - Abstract
Phthalate exposure is omnipresent and known to have developmental and reproductive effects in children. The aim of this study was to determine the phthalate exposure sources and their relative contributions among children in Taiwan. During the first wave of the Risk Assessment of Phthalate Incident in Taiwan (RAPIT), in 2012, we measured 8 urinary phthalate metabolites in 226 children aged 1-11 years old and in 181 children from the same cohort for the wave 2 study in 2014. A two-stage statistical analysis approach was adopted. First, a stepwise regression model was used to screen 80 questions that explored the exposure frequency and lifestyle for potential associations. Second, the remaining questions with positive regression coefficients were grouped into the following 6 exposure categories: plastic container/packaging, food, indoor environment, personal care products, toys, and eating out. A mixed model was then applied to assess the relative contributions of these categories for each metabolite. The use of plastic container or food packaging were dominant exposure sources for mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate (MEHHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP). The indoor environment was a major exposure source of mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), and mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP). The consumption of seafood showed a significant correlation with MEHP. The children's modified dietary behavior and improved living environment in the second study wave were associated with lower phthalate metabolite levels, showing that phthalate exposures can be effectively reduced. more...
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- 2017
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47. Semen quality and insulin-like factor 3: Associations with urinary and seminal levels of phthalate metabolites in adult males
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Pao Lin Guo, Ching Chang Lee, Meng Hsing Wu, Hsien An Pan, and Wei Hsiang Chang
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Adult ,Male ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Environmental Engineering ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Urinary system ,Phthalic Acids ,Radioimmunoassay ,Taiwan ,Semen ,Urine ,Urinalysis ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Semen quality ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Diethylhexyl Phthalate ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Insulin ,Environmental Chemistry ,Testosterone ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Chemistry ,Reproduction ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Phthalate ,Proteins ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Spermatozoa ,Pollution ,Sperm ,Semen Analysis ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Fertility ,Endocrinology ,Spermatogenesis ,Hormone - Abstract
Certain phthalates have adverse effects on male reproductive functions in animals, and potentially affect human testicular function and spermatogenesis, but little is known about the active mechanisms. We measured the urinary and seminal phthalate metabolites and explored their associations on insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) and semen quality. Urine, blood, and semen samples were collected from the male partners of subfertile (n = 253) and fertile (n = 37) couples in a reproductive center in southern Taiwan. INSL3, reproductive hormones, semen-quality, and 11 phthalate metabolites in urine and semen were measured. There were significant correlations in the distribution pattern of metabolites, such as the relative contribution of low or high molecular weight phthalate metabolites. The significantly monotonic trends in semen volume, sperm concentration and motility were associated with increasing quartiles of INSL3 (all p-trend more...
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- 2017
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48. Relationships Among Latent Growth Curve Model, Statistic Power, and Sample Size
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Tzu-Jung Wu, Ching-Chang Lee, Yan Xu, and Jui-Chan Huang
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Computer science ,Sample size determination ,Econometrics ,Test statistic ,Common-method variance ,Spurious relationship ,Growth curve (statistics) ,Statistic ,Statistical power ,Type I and type II errors - Abstract
In many social and behavioral sciences, longitudinal study has become an important research method. Since the data is collected more than one specific point of time, the longitudinal study allows researchers to realize the growth trajectories of the individual in an organization, and even the changes in the whole organizational behavior. Also, the researcher can get the support of the causal relationship for his theory hypothesis by identifying the temporal precedence of variables. Moreover, the data collected at different points in time may avoid common method variance. Although the longitudinal study has such advantages, some researchers have misused it and made their model structure too complicated. Adding too many temporal differences in their model may conclude in the wrong results. Random Coefficient Model, one of the longitudinal study methods, is apt to have an incorrect model specification and result in a spurious regression relationship. This may inflate the Type I error and cause spurious results. In the present study, we attempt to apply the framework of the Latent Growth Curve Model as the basis of our research design. We also use Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the sample size and to test statistic power and effect size. At last, hopefully, we may provide a different aspect to the researchers who are intended to conduct longitudinal studies. more...
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- 2020
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49. Research on the Impact of China's Industrial Structure Change on Economic Growth and Fluctuation Based on Agricultural Development
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Ching-Chang Lee and Yan Xu
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Sustainable development ,Agricultural development ,Capital accumulation ,Economics ,Economic system ,Rationalization (economics) ,China - Abstract
The process of rationalization and upgrading of industrial structure has a distinct stage effect on economic growth, and the relationship between rationalization of industrial structure and economic growth has a strong stability. On the contrary, the process of upgrading has the same impact mechanism on economic growth. The current economic development shows that the accumulation of capital is inevitably related to economic growth to a large extent, but from the perspective of the efficiency and efficiency of economic input, there is a significant correlation between the process of economic growth and the state of industrial structure. Relatively speaking, the relationship between industrial structure rationalization and economic growth has strong stability, while advancedization shows greater uncertainty. The impact of industrial structure rationalization and upgrading on economic fluctuations is mainly reflected in unpredictable cyclical fluctuations, and their impact mechanisms are quite different. Therefore, continuously optimize the industrial structure and enhance the ability of agricultural development to implement the sustainable development strategy, so as to realize the impact on the economic growth and fluctuations of the changes in China's industrial structure. more...
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- 2019
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50. 3-MCPD and glycidol coexposure induces systemic toxicity and synergistic nephrotoxicity via NLRP3 inflammasome activation, necroptosis, and autophagic cell death
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Pei Wen Liu, Yuan Yow Chiou, Chung I. Li, Rong Jane Chen, Hsiu Lin Chen, Ching Chang Lee, Kuo Ching Huang, and Chiang Shin Liu
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Male ,Programmed cell death ,Environmental Engineering ,Inflammasomes ,Propanols ,Autophagic Cell Death ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Necroptosis ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,alpha-Chlorohydrin ,Food Contamination ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Pharmacology ,01 natural sciences ,Nephrotoxicity ,Mice ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,In vivo ,NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein ,medicine ,Animals ,Environmental Chemistry ,Cytotoxicity ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Chemistry ,Glycidol ,Esters ,Inflammasome ,Pollution ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Toxicity ,Epoxy Compounds ,medicine.drug - Abstract
3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), 2,3-epoxy-1-propanol (glycidol), and their esters are well-known food contaminants mainly formed by the heat processing of certain refined oils and coexist in various kinds of foodstuffs. However, the combined health effect and the underlying mechanism of 3-MCPD and glycidol coexposure are not well-understood. In this study, we investigated the systemic toxicity effects and the nephrotoxicity mechanisms of 3-MCPD and glycidol coexposure with in vitro and in vivo models, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. It was found that 3-MCPD and glycidol coexposure for 28 days synergistically induced toxicity in the kidney, lung, testis, and heart in C57BL/6 mice. Kidney was the most sensitive organ to coexposure, and the coexposure had a synergistic effect on inflammation and cytotoxicity through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the induction of necroptosis, and autophagic cell death in NRK-52E cells. Moreover, the NGS results revealed the genes changes associated with nephrotoxicity, inflammation and with the broad toxicity effects induced by 3-MCPD or glycidol alone or in combination, which were consistent with the results of in vitro and in vivo models. In summary, we report for the first time of the comprehensive toxicity effects and the mechanisms caused by 3-MCPD and glycidol coexposure. more...
- Published
- 2021
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