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The general solutions of the stress intensity factors (SIFs) for a cusp-type crack problem under remote uniform mechanical and thermal loads are presented in this work. According to the complex variable theory and the method of conformal mapping, a symmetric airfoil crack is mapped onto a unit circle, and both the temperature and stress potentials are used to solve the relevant boundary-value problems. By introducing the auxiliary function and applying the analytical continuation theorem, the SIFs at the cusp-type crack tip can be analytically determined. The obtained SIF results are dependent on the geometric configurations of the cusp-type crack components and the magnitudes of the mechanical and thermal loads. For some combinations of combined loads, the SIF is maximized, and the system has a high risk of damage.

© 2020 Elsevier Inc. This study aims to understand how e-commerce firms can operate more effectively within the context of a multi-actor service eco-system by examining the factors contributing to their firms’ performance. Due to their multidirectional information and business exchanges through the worldwide internet cloud these firms are often characterized by network-based operations and collaborative systems. We investigate how multiple participants, namely employees, business partners, focal and fellow customers, social media communities and technology, interact with each other and how these multi-actor exchanges influence firms’ performance. Based on a total of 288 weekly data collected from a leading e-ticketing service provider from January 2013 to December 2018 in Taiwan, our empirical findings support the service-dominant logic that customer engagement across varied social media communities positively contribute to customer consumption in terms of new customer acquisition and existing customer retention, and further enhances the service firm's financial performance. Customer consumption is elevated when the firm successfully orchestrates its resource integration by providing better employee service, extending its business partnerships, and incorporating service innovation to improve its service delivery processes and customer database management.

The coercivity (H-c) and switching field (H-sw) of free layers increase remarkably with shrinking structural dimensions, reducing the sensitivity of nanosized magnetoresistive sensors. In this work, conetic-alloy (NiFeCuMo) synthetic ferrimagnetic (SyF) trilayers are proposed to reduce Hc and Hsw in magnetic nanostructures. SyF stacks of NiFeCuMo/Ru/NiFeCuMo were patterned into nanodot arrays with diameter of 60 nm by nanosphere lithography. The thickness of Ru layer was chosen so that high interlayer coupling energy existed in the continuous film. The linear dependence of Hc and Hsw of SyF nanodot on the amplification factor was revealed. Magnetic field annealing was conducted at various temperatures (Tan) ranging from 373 K to 673 K. Annealing at low temperature (Tan ≤ 473 K) relaxed the structural disorders, resulting in reduced surface roughness and decreased Hc and Hsw. Higher Tan changed the preferred orientations in the crystalline structures, leading to increased roughness and higher Hc and Hsw. This work shows that the Hc and Hsw of nanostructures can be reduced through engaging Conetic alloy in SyF stack. The Conetic-alloy-based SyF structures are a promising candidate as free layers in nanosized spintronic devices. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.