1. Identification of extracellular polymeric substances layer barrier in chloroquine phosphate-disturbed anammox consortia and mechanism dissection on cytotoxic behavior by computational chemistry.
- Author
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Hu R, Chen X, Xia M, Chen B, Lu X, Luo G, Zhang S, and Zhen G
- Subjects
- Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity, Water Pollutants, Chemical metabolism, Water Pollutants, Chemical chemistry, Bacteria metabolism, Bacteria drug effects, Wastewater chemistry, Microbial Consortia drug effects, Chloroquine pharmacology, Chloroquine metabolism, Extracellular Polymeric Substance Matrix metabolism, Extracellular Polymeric Substance Matrix chemistry
- Abstract
The over-dosing use of chloroquine phosphate (CQ) poses severe threats to human beings and ecosystem due to the high persistence and biotoxicity. The discharge of CQ into wastewater would affect the biomass activity and process stability during the biological processes, e.g., anammox. However, the response mechanism of anammox consortia to CQ remain unknown. In this study, the accurate role of extracellular polymeric substances barrier in attenuating the negative effects of CQ, and the mechanism on cytotoxic behavior were dissected by molecular spectroscopy and computational chemistry. Low concentrations (≤6.0 mg/L) of CQ hardly affected the nitrogen removal performance due to the adaptive evolution of EPS barrier and anammox bacteria. Compact protein of EPS barrier can bind more CQ (0.24 mg) by hydrogen bond and van der Waals force, among which O-H and amide II region respond CQ binding preferentially. Importantly, EPS contributes to the microbiota reshape with selectively enriching Candidatus_Kuenenia for self-protection. Furthermore, the macroscopical cytotoxic behavior was dissected at a molecular level by CQ fate/distribution and computational chemistry, suggesting that the toxicity was ascribed to attack of CQ on functional proteins of anammox bacteria with atom N17 (f
- =0.1209) and C2 (f+ =0.1034) as the most active electrophilic and nucleophilic sites. This work would shed the light on the fate and risk of non-antibiotics in anammox process., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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