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Enfuvirtide (ENF) is a peptide medicine clinically used for the treatment of HIV infections. The outcome shows that mesoporous HSNs having pores that are thought to be larger than ENF are better substances for the ingression of ENF with MW = 4492.1 g/mol than microporous HSNs. HPSNs that can internally keep peptide medicine like ENF can provide the peptide with good protection from external protease digestion, which are generally considered as 10 times bigger than peptides, reduce the biodegradability of the medicine, and maintain the remedial effect longer. They are not so different from that of ENF lane in which ENF amount is 10 g. Therefore, ENF was consistently released from HPSN every about 8-10% after 14, 19, and 33 days. [Extracted from the article]

Acute stroke management is critically time-sensitive and challenging. Blood-based biomarkers that can differentiate acute ischemic stroke (IS) from hemorrhagic stroke (HS) can greatly facilitate triage and early management. Admission blood samples obtained within 6 h of stroke symptom onset were analyzed in a derivation/validation design. GFAP, N-FL, NT-proBNP, copeptin, neutrophils (%), NLR, and platelet counts were assessed in the derivation cohort. The informative markers and the derived cutoff values were evaluated in the validation cohort. GFAP > 703 pg/mL showed a PPV of 76.9% and NPV of 95.8% for differentiating HS from IS. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that GFAP and NT-proBNP were independent variables associated with IS and HS differentiation. Furthermore, applying a combined cutoff (GFAP > 703 pg/mL and NT-proBNP ≤ 125 pg/mL) for HS detection increased the PPV in both the derivation and validation cohorts (93.3% and 100%, respectively). GFAP and NT-proBNP levels were validated as informative blood biomarkers in the differentiation of IS and HS and using a combination of GFAP and NT-proBNP is suggested as a feasible strategy to differentiate stroke subtypes in the hyperacute phase of stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new visible-light-induced photocatalyst based on several transition metals (iron, magnesium and manganese)-loaded TiO 2 was evaluated for its anti-viral activity with influenza virus H1N1. Under a fluorescent lamp of 1000 lx, λ > 410 nm, the virus was eradicated to more than 99% within 30 min. Since this photocatalyst can be used for coating plastics, wall papers and walls, it would be desirable to use this photocatalyst to reduce viral transmission via droplets and aerosols as well as surface contact for disinfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Initiation factor 1 (IF1) is an essential protein in Escherichia coli involved in the initiation step of protein synthesis. The protein level of IF1 increases when E. coli cells are subjected to cold shock, however, it remains unclear as to how this increase occurs. The infA gene encoding IF1 contains two promoters, the distal P1 and the proximal P2 promoter. In this study, we found that infA mRNA was greatly increased, and that this increase resulted from transcriptional activation of P1, not P2, during cold shock although stability of transcripts from both promoters concomitantly increased. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]