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Min-Kyung Ji,1,* Yaerim Chun,2,* Geonwoo Jeong,3 Hyun-Seung Kim,4 Won-Jae Kim,5 Je-Hwang Ryu,6 Hoonsung Cho,3 Hyun-Pil Lim1,2 1Dental 4D Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 4KJ Meditech Co., Ltd, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 5Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Stem Cell Secretome Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 6Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hyun-Pil Lim, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea, Tel +82-10-2645-7528, Fax +82-62-530-5577, Email mcnihil@jnu.ac.kr Hoonsung Cho, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea, Tel/Fax +82-62-530-1717, Email cho.hoonsung@jnu.ac.krPurpose: This study aimed to confirm the synergy effect of these two materials by evaluating osteoblast and antibacterial activity by applying a double-layered hydroxyapatite(HA) zirconium oxide(ZrO2) coating to titanium.Methods: The specimens used in this study were divided into four groups: a control group (polished titanium; group T) and three experimental groups: Group TH (RF magnetron sputtered HA deposited titanium), Group Z (ZrO2 ALD deposited titanium), and Group ZH (RF magnetron sputtered HA and ZrO2 ALD deposited titanium). The adhesion of Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) to the surface was assessed using a crystal violet assay. The adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, a mouse osteoblastic cell line, were assessed through a WST-8 assay a

Athira Raveendran,1,* Suchithra Poilil Surendran,2,* Jinhui Ser,1 Khurshed Alam,1 Hoonsung Cho,1 Yong Yeon Jeong3 1Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hoonsung ChoDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of KoreaTel +82-62-530-1717Fax +82-62-530-1699Email cho.hoonsung@jnu.ac.krYong Yeon JeongDepartment of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of KoreaEmail yjeong@jnu.ac.krIntroduction: Paclitaxel (PTX) is a conventional chemotherapeutic drug that effectively treats various cancers. The cellular uptake and therapeutic potential of PTX are limited by its slow penetration and low solubility in water. The development of cancer chemotherapy methods is currently facing considerable challenges with respect to the delivery of the drugs, particularly in targeting the tumor site without exerting detrimental effects on the healthy surrounding cells. One possibility for improving the therapeutic potential is through the development of tumor-targeted delivery methods.Methods: We successfully synthesized paclitaxel-MHI-148 conjugates (PTX-MHI) by coupling PTX with the tumor-targeting heptamethine cyanine dye MHI-148. Synthesis and purification were characterized using the absorbance spectrum and the results of time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity studies were conducted in vitro and in vivo.Results: PTX-MHI accumulates in tumor cells but not in normal cells, as observed by in vitro near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) imaging along with in vivo NIRF imaging and organ biodistr

Yujin Jo,1 Yong Tae Kim,2 Hoonsung Cho,2 Min-Kyung Ji,3 Jaeyeong Heo,2,3 Hyun-Pil Lim1 1Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea; 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea; 3Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of KoreaCorrespondence: Hyun-Pil LimDepartment of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, KoreaTel +82-10-2645-7528Fax +82-62-530-5577Email mcnihil@jnu.ac.krJaeyeong HeoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, KoreaTel +82-62-530-1716Fax +82-62-530-1699Email jheo@jnu.ac.krPurpose: The study was intended to create a uniform zirconia layer even on the surface of complex structures via atomic layer deposition (ALD). The impact of crystalline zirconia deposited by ALD on bacterial adhesion and osteoblast viability was assessed via surface treatment of dental implants.Methods: Amorphous zirconia was deposited using an atomic layer deposition reactor (Atomic Classic, CN1, Hwaseong, Korea) on titanium discs. Heating the samples at 400°C resulted in crystallization. Samples were divided into three groups: the control group, the group carrying amorphous ALD-zirconia (Z group), and the heat-treated group following zirconia ALD deposition (ZH group).The surface of each sample was analyzed, followed by the assessment of adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, and viability and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.Results: The adhesion of S. mutans and P. gingivalis was significantly reduced in the Z and ZH groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The viability of MC3T3-E1 cells was significantly increased in the ZH group compared with the control group (P < 0.001), while no significant differences were observed in the Z group (P > 0.05). Differenti

Jinhui Ser1 ,* Ji Yeon Lee2 ,* Yong Ho Kim,3 Hoonsung Cho1 1School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea; 3Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yong Ho KimGachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of KoreaTel +82-32-899-6691Fax +82-32-724-9071Email euro16@gachon.ac.krHoonsung ChoSchool of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of KoreaTel +82-62-530-1717Fax +82-62-530-1699Email cho.hoonsung@jnu.ac.krIntroduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which induces tissue damage by exposing tissue to a specific wavelength of light in the presence of a photosensitizer and oxygen, is a promising alternative treatment that could be used as an adjunct to chemotherapy and surgery in oncology. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) with high arginine content, such as protamine, have membrane translocation and lysosome localization activities. They have been used in an extensive range of drug delivery applications.Methods: We conjugated cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) with methylene blue (MB) and then purification by FPLC. Synthesis structure was characterized by the absorbance spectrum, FPLC, Maldi-TOF, and then evaluated cell viability by cytotoxicity assay after photodynamic therapy (PDT) assay. An uptake imaging assay was used to determine the sites of MB and MB-Pro in subcellular compartments.Results: In vitro assays showed that MB-Pro has more efficient photodynamic activities than MB alone for the colon cancer cells, owing to lysosome rupture causing the rapid necrotic cell death. In this study, we coupled protamine with MB for

Chul-Kyu Park,1,* Yong Ho Kim,1,* Suhyun Hwangbo,2 Hoonsung Cho2 1Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 2School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative therapy that could be used as an adjunct to chemotherapy and surgery for cancer, and works by destroying tissue with visible light in the presence of a photosensitizer (PS) and oxygen. The PS should restrict tissue destruction only to the tumor and be activated by light of a specific wavelength; both of these properties are required. Arginine-rich peptides, such as cell-penetrating peptides, have membrane-translocating and nuclear-localizing activities, which have led to their application in various drug delivery modalities. Protamine (Pro) is an arginine-rich peptide with membrane-translocating and nuclear-localizing properties. The reaction of an N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester of rhodamine (Rho) and clinical Pro was carried out in this study to yield RhoPro, and a demonstration of its phototoxicity, wherein clinical Pro improved the effect of PDT, was performed. The reaction between Pro and the NHS ester of Rho is a solution-phase reaction that results in the complete modification of the Pro peptides, which feature a single reactive amine at the N-terminal proline and a single carboxyl group at the C-terminal arginine. This study aimed to identify a new type of PS for PDT by in vitro and in vivo experiments and to assess the antitumor effects of PDT, using the Pro-conjugated PS, on a cancer cell line. Photodynamic cell death studies showed that the RhoPro produced has more efficient photodynamic activities than Rho alone, causing rapid light-induced cell death. The attachment of clinical Pro to Rho, yielding RhoPro, confers the membrane-internalizing activity of its arginine-rich content on the fluorochro