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PURPOSE: We aimed to adapt for the Polish language two scales for studies on the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic - The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) by Ahorsu et al. and the Scale of Death Anxiety (SDA) by Cai et al. METHODS: Besides the FCV-19S and SDA, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale HADS (Zigmond and Snaith), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) (Cohen et al.), the General Health Questionnaire GHQ-28 (Goldberg), and the Positive Orientation Scale P (Caprara et al.) were used in the study on 756 people aged 18-68 (M = 31.91, SD = 11.30) - 158 men and 598 women. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the one-dimensional structure of the Polish adaptation of FCV-19S, with satisfac- tory internal consistency and Cronbachs α equal to 0.84. With regard to the Polish adaptation of the SDA, instead of the 4-facto- rial structure (as in the original tool), the analysis uncovered a three-factor structure: intrusions/thoughts, anxiety/emotions, and avoidance. Cronbachs α coefficient for the entire scale was 0.92. Both tools were significantly, positively correlated with anxiety, depression, and stress levels. CONCLUSIONS: Polish adaptations of both tools are characterized by satisfactory psychometric properties, which enable their use in research and clinical practice.

Aim. The aim of the research was to present the Polish adaptation and validation of the Short Inventory of Problems (SIP-2L) by Miller et al. (1995). The SIP-2L is a popular self-report measure used to assess the negative consequences of alcohol use in 5 domains with negative consequences: physical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, social and impulse control. The adapted version of SIP assesses lifetime consequences of using alcohol. Material and method. A total of 256 participants diagnosed with alcohol dependence (71 women and 185 men) completed an assessment battery that included SIP-2L and Polish versions of AUDIT, MAST and KOEP-R, which is a modified Polish adaptation of CEAQ -- Comprehensive Effects of Alcohol Questionnaire. Results. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the hypothesized 5-factor model produced the best fit. Reliability of the entire method (Cronbach's α = 0.868) and for all factors was satisfactory, as was convergent validity. Conclusions. The results support that the Polish version of the SIP-2L has good psychometric properties and can successfully assess the consequences of drinking among patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The aim of the study was to develop the Polish version of the Reasons for Living Inventory (RFL-48) of Linehan et al. The questionnaire is a self-descriptive tool designed to measure six factors protecting against committing suicide: "Survival and Coping Beliefs", "Responsibility to Family", "Fear of Suicide", "Moral Objections", "Fear of Social Disapproval", "Child-Related Concerns". The original version of the method was characterized by good psychometric properties. Methods. A sample of 431 adults (236 women and 195 men), aged 18-65 years (mean age was 33 years, SD = 11.33), was recruited as a non-clinical group from various regions of Poland. The Beck's Depression Inventory, Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised and Positivity Scale were also used to evaluate the construct validity of the RFL-48. Results. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported an assumed six-dimensional structure of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.70 ("Fear of Suicide") to 0.95 ("Survival and Coping Beliefs") and amounted to 0.92 for the total score. Conclusions. The findings indicate that the Polish adaptation of the RFL questionnaire by Linehan et al. has good psychometric characteristics and can be used in both research and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology / Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna is the property of Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology / Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna is the property of Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim. The aim of the study was to develop a Polish adaptation of the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) by A. Osman et al. The questionnaire is a self-descriptive measure of suicidal tendencies (suicidal behaviors, including ideation and attempts) composed of four questions. Method. A total of 926 university and post-graduate students from Lodz (526 women and 400 men) were included in the adaptation study. In addition, the Beck's Depression Inventory, the Psychological Pain Scale by Holden et al. and the Purpose in Life (PIL) test by Crumbaugh and Maholick were used to evaluate the construct validity of the SBQ-R. Results. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported an assumed one- dimensional structure of the questionnaire, with satisfactory internal consistency, evaluated by Cronbach's alpha, equal to 0.83. The significant positive correlations were observed between the questionnaire scores and level of depression and psychological pain, while a negative correlation between the questionnaire scores and purpose in life. Participants who had previously demonstrated suicidal behavior, those who reported suicidal thoughts and those from a family with a history of suicide attempts or alcohol addiction obtained a significantly higher score in the SBQ-R. Conclusions. The findings indicate that the Polish adaptation of the SBQ-R by Osman et al. has good psychometric characteristics and can be considered in both research and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented paper is a review of selected alcoholism typologies, some of which include the relatively well-functioning type. The analysis covers widely known typologies, deeply grounded in addiction psychology, as well as other research, all of which consider the shared characteristics of high-functioning alcoholics. Thus, the aim of the paper is to provide an overview of these classifications of alcoholics, focusing on the groups whose traits are consistent with the image of high-functioning alcoholics described by Moss et al. (2007). It was found that the majority of classifications include a subtype showing features similar to high-functioning alcoholics (such as older age of alcohol use initiation, later onset of alcohol dependence, mild course of alcohol dependence, higher psychosocial functioning, low prevalence of familial alcoholism, low rates of comorbid psychiatric disorders, and lower level of withdrawal symptoms compared to other groups). However, there are significant differences in each of the mentioned typologies. Further research should expand on the subject, aiming to find particular personality and temperamental traits, personal resources and factors associated with undergoing addiction therapy/treatment, its course and maintaining abstinence in high-functioning alcoholics. Moreover, negative consequences of alcohol abuse in high-functioning alcoholics should be assessed. Such research could have both practical (supporting the diagnosis and effective therapy) and theoretical implications (allowing for the development of a conceptual framework for highfunctioning alcoholics and the extent to which they differ from other types). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study is an attempt at describing the psychological characteristics of caregivers of relatives with schizophrenia which contribute to deepening or reducing the negative consequences of care. The study examines the relationship between the burden of care and maladaptive cognitive schemas and strategies of coping with stress used by the caregivers. Exploring this problem area may be important for the planning and implementation of support programs for people caring for relatives with mental illness. Material and methods: Thirty caregivers of relatives with schizophrenia completed a questionnaire set comprising the Zarit Burden Interview, the Mini-COPE, the Young Schema Questionnaire - Short Form 3 (YSQ-S3-PL) and a sociodemographic sheet. Results: Significant relationships were found between burden of care and sociodemographic indicators, maladaptive schemas and adaptive/non-adaptive coping strategies. Especially, caregivers of family members with schizophrenia which is associated with depression and/or alcohol dependence are more likely to report the burden of caring for individuals with schizophrenia than those with somatic comorbidities. Higher burden of care characterises caregivers who have a higher level of eight out of 18 maladaptive schemas and less frequently use active coping with stress. Correlations between maladaptive schemas and coping strategies have also been obtained. Conclusions: In working with carers of relatives with schizophrenia, special attention should be paid to the coexistence of other disorders like depression or alcohol abuse. Moreover, the work should be focused on maladaptive schemas in caregivers, which can block their use of adaptive strategies of coping with stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]