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We obtain an upper bound for the dimension of the cuspidal automorphic forms for $\mathrm{GL}_2$ over a number field, whose archimedean local representations are not tempered. More precisely, we prove the following result. Let $F$ be a number field and $\mathbb{A}_{F}$ be the ring of adeles of $F$. Let $\mathcal{O}_{F}$ be the ring of integers of $F$. Let $\mathfrak{X}_{F,\mathrm{ex}}$ be the set of irreducible cuspidal automorphic representations $\pi$ of $\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb{A}_{F})$ with the trivial central character such that for each archimedean place $v$ of $F$, the local representation of $\pi$ at $v$ is an unramified principal series and is not tempered. For an ideal $J$ of $\mathcal{O}_{F}$, let $\mathrm{K}_{0}(J)$ be the subgroup of $\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb{A}_{F})$ corresponding to $\Gamma_0(J) \subset \mathrm{SL}_2(\mathcal{O}_F)$. Let $r_1$ be the number of real embeddings of $F$ and $r_2$ be the number of conjugate pairs of complex embeddings of $F$. Using the Arthur-Selberg trace formula, we have \begin{equation*} \sum_{\pi\in \mathfrak{X}_{F,\mathrm{ex}}} \dim \pi^{\mathrm{K}_0(J)} \ll_{F} \frac{[\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathcal{O}_{F}) : \Gamma_0(J)]}{(\log (N_{F/\mathbb{Q}}(J)))^{2r_1+3r_2}} \quad \text{ as } \quad |N_{F/\mathbb{Q}}(J)|\to \infty. \end{equation*} From this result, we obtain the result on an upper bound for the number of Hecke-Maass cusp forms of weight $0$ on $\Gamma_0(N)$ which do not satisfy the Selberg eigenvalue conjecture.

Let $M$ be a positive integer and $p(n)$ be the number of partitions of a positive integer $n$. Newman's conjecture asserts that for each integer $r$, there are infinitely many positive integers $n$ such that \[ p(n)\equiv r \pmod{M}. \] For an integer $d$, let $B_{d}$ be the set of positive integers $M$ such that the number of prime divisors of $M$ is $d$. In this paper, we prove that for each positive integer $d$, the density of the set of positive integers $M$ for which Newman's conjecture holds in $B_{d}$ is $1$. Furthermore, we study an analogue of Newman's conjecture for weakly holomorphic modular forms on $\Gamma_0(N)$ with nebentypus, and this applies to $t$-core partitions and generalized Frobenius partitions with $h$-colors., Comment: 24 pages

Let $F$ be a totally real field, and $\mathbb{A}_F$ be the adele ring of $F$. Let us fix $N$ to be a positive integer. Let $\pi_1=\otimes\pi_{1,v}$ and $\pi_2=\otimes\pi_{2,v}$ be distinct cohomological cuspidal automorphic representations of $\mathrm{GL}_n(\mathbb{A}_{F})$ with levels less than or equal to $N$. Let $\mathcal{N}(\pi_1,\pi_2)$ be the minimum of the absolute norm of $v \nmid \infty$ such that $\pi_{1,v} \not \simeq \pi_{2,v}$ and that $\pi_{1,v}$ and $\pi_{2,v}$ are unramified. We prove that there exists a constant $C_N$ such that for every pair $\pi_1$ and $\pi_2$, $$\mathcal{N}(\pi_1,\pi_2) \leq C_N.$$ This improves known bounds $$ \mathcal{N}(\pi_1,\pi_2)=O(Q^A) \;\;\; (\text{some } A \text{ depending only on } n), $$ where $Q$ is the maximum of the analytic conductors of $\pi_1$ and $\pi_2$. This result applies to newforms on $\Gamma_1(N)$. In particular, assume that $f_1$ and $f_2$ are Hecke eigenforms of weight $k_1$ and $k_2$ on $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$, respectively. We prove that if for all $p \in \{2,7\}$, $$\lambda_{f_1}(p)/\sqrt{p}^{(k_1-1)} = \lambda_{f_2}(p)/\sqrt{p}^{(k_2-1)},$$ then $f_1=cf_2$ for some constant $c$. Here, for each prime $p$, $\lambda_{f_i}(p)$ denotes the $p$-th Hecke eigenvalue of $f_i$., Comment: A new paper preparing with other collaborators will include the results of this paper

Let $\lambda$ be an integer, and $f(z)=\sum_{n\gg-\infty} a(n)q^n$ be a weakly holomorphic modular form of weight $\lambda+\frac 12$ on $\Gamma_0(4)$ with integral coefficients. Let $\ell\geq 5$ be a prime. Assume that the constant term $a(0)$ is not zero modulo $\ell$. Further, assume that, for some positive integer $m$, the Fourier expansion of $(f|U_{\ell^m})(z) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty b(n)q^n$ has the form \[ (f|U_{\ell^m})(z) \equiv b(0) + \sum_{i=1}^{t}\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} b(d_i n^2) q^{d_i n^2} \pmod{\ell}, \] where $d_1, \ldots, d_t$ are square-free positive integers, and the operator $U_\ell$ on formal power series is defined by \[ \left( \sum_{n=0}^\infty a(n)q^n \right) \bigg| U_\ell = \sum_{n=0}^\infty a(\ell n)q^n. \] Then, $\lambda \equiv 0 \pmod{\frac{\ell-1}{2}}$. Moreover, if $\tilde{f}$ denotes the coefficient-wise reduction of $f$ modulo $\ell$, then we have \[ \biggl\{ \lim_{m \rightarrow \infty} \tilde{f}|U_{\ell^{2m}}, \lim_{m \rightarrow \infty} \tilde{f}|U_{\ell^{2m+1}} \biggr\} = \biggl\{ a(0)\theta(z), a(0)\theta^\ell(z) \in \mathbb{F}_{\ell}[[q]] \biggr\}, \] where $\theta(z)$ is the Jacobi theta function defined by $\theta(z) = \sum_{n\in\mathbb{Z}} q^{n^2}$. By using this result, we obtain the distribution of the Fourier coefficients of weakly holomorphic modular forms in congruence classes. This applies to the congruence properties for traces of singular moduli.

Let $k$ be an even integer and $S_k$ be the space of cusp forms of weight $k$ on $\SL_2(\ZZ)$. Let $S = \oplus_{k\in 2\ZZ} S_k$. For $f, g\in S$, we let $R(f, g) = \{ (a_f(p), a_g(p)) \in \mathbb{P}^1(\CC)\ |\ \text{$p$ is a prime} \}$ be the set of ratios of the Fourier coefficients of $f$ and $g$, where $a_f(n)$ (resp. $a_g(n)$) is the $n$th Fourier coefficient of $f$ (resp. $g$). In this paper, we prove that if $f$ and $g$ are nonzero and $R(f,g)$ is finite, then $f = cg$ for some constant $c$. This result is extended to the space of weakly holomorphic modular forms on $\SL_2(\ZZ)$. We apply it to studying the number of representations of a positive integer by a quadratic form.

Let $j(z)$ be the modular $j$-invariant function. Let $\tau$ be an algebraic number in the complex upper half plane $\mathbb{H}$. It was proved by Schneider and Siegel that if $\tau$ is not a CM point, i.e., $[\mathbb{Q}(\tau):\mathbb{Q}]\neq2$, then $j(\tau)$ is transcendental. Let $f$ be a harmonic weak Maass form of weight $0$ on $\Gamma_0(N)$. In this paper, we consider an extension of the results of Schneider and Siegel to a family of values of $f$ on Hecke orbits of $\tau$. For a positive integer $m$, let $T_m$ denote the $m$-th Hecke operator. Suppose that the coefficients of the principal part of $f$ at the cusp $i \infty$ are algebraic, and that $f$ has its poles only at cusps equivalent to $i \infty$. We prove, under a mild assumption on $f$, that for any fixed $\tau$, if $N$ is a prime such that $ N\geq 23 \text{ and } N \not \in \{23, 29, 31, 41, 47, 59, 71\},$ then $f(T_m.\tau)$ are transcendental for infinitely many positive integers $m$ prime to $N$.

Let $q:=e^{2 \pi iz}$, where $z \in \mathbb{H}$. For an even integer $k$, let $f(z):=q^h\prod_{m=1}^{\infty}(1-q^m)^{c(m)}$ be a meromorphic modular form of weight $k$ on $\Gamma_0(N)$. For a positive integer $m$, let $T_m$ be the $m$th Hecke operator and $D$ be a divisor of a modular curve with level $N$. Both subjects, the exponents $c(m)$ of a modular form and the distribution of the points in the support of $T_m. D$, have been widely investigated. When the level $N$ is one, Bruinier, Kohnen, and Ono obtained, in terms of the values of $j$-invariant function, identities between the exponents $c(m)$ of a modular form and the points in the support of $T_m.D$. In this paper, we extend this result to general $\Gamma_0(N)$ in terms of values of harmonic weak Maass forms of weight $0$. By the distribution of Hecke points, this applies to obtain an asymptotic behaviour of convolutions of sums of divisors of an integer and sums of exponents of a modular form.

Let $f$ and $g$ be weakly holomorphic modular functions on $\Gamma_0(N)$ with the trivial character. For an integer $d$, let $\Tr_d(f)$ denote the modular trace of $f$ of index $d$. Let $r$ be a rational number equivalent to $i\infty$ under the action of $\Gamma_0(4N)$. In this paper, we prove that, when $z$ goes radially to $r$, the limit $Q_{\hat{H}(f)}(r)$ of the sum $H(f)(z) = \sum_{d>0}\Tr_d(f)e^{2\pi idz}$ is a special value of a regularized twisted $L$-function defined by $\Tr_d(f)$ for $d\leq0$. It is proved that the regularized $L$-function is meromorphic on $\mathbb{C}$ and satisfies a certain functional equation. Finally, under the assumption that $N$ is square free, we prove that if $Q_{\hat{H}(f)}(r)=Q_{\hat{H}(g)}(r)$ for all $r$ equivalent to $i \infty$ under the action of $\Gamma_0(4N)$, then $\Tr_d(f)=\Tr_d(g)$ for all integers $d$., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1112.3444 by other authors

In this paper, considering the Eichler-Shimura cohomology theory for Jacobi forms, we study connections between harmonic Maass-Jacobi forms and Jacobi integrals. As an application we study a pairing between two Jacobi integrals, which is defined by special values of partial $L$-functions of skew-holomorphic Jacobi cusp forms. We obtain connections between this pairing and the Petersson inner product for skew-holomorphic Jacobi cusp forms. This result can be considered as analogue of Haberland formula of elliptic modular forms for Jacobi forms.

Eichler and Zagier developed a theory of Jacobi forms to understand and extend Maass' work on the Saito-Kurokawa conjecture. Later Skoruppa introduced skew-holomorphic Jacobi forms, which play an important role in understanding liftings of modular forms and Jacobi forms. In this paper, we explain a relation between holomorphic Jacobi forms and skew-holomorphic Jacobi forms in terms of a group cohomology. More precisely, we introduce an isomorphism from the direct sum of the space of Jacobi cusp forms on $\Gamma^J$ and the space of skew-holomorphic Jacobi cusp forms on $\Gamma^J$ with the same half-integral weight to the Eichler cohomology group of $\Gamma^J$ with a coefficient module coming from polynomials., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1211.2988

Zagier introduced special bases for weakly holomorphic modular forms to give the new proof of Borcherds' theorem on the infinite product expansions of integer weight modular forms on $\SL_2(\ZZ)$ with a Heegner divisor. These good bases appear in pairs, and they satisfy a striking duality, which is now called the Zagier duality. After the result of Zagier, this type duality was studied broadly in various view points including the theory of a mock modular form. In this paper, we consider this problem with the Eichler cohomology theory, especially the supplementary function theory developed by Knopp. Using holomorphic Poincar\'e series and their supplementary functions, we construct a pair of families of vector-valued harmonic weak Maass forms satisfying the Zagier duality with integer weights $-k$ and $k+2$ respectively, $k>0$, for a $H$-group. We also investigate the structures of them such as the images under the differential operators $D^{k+1}$ and $\xi_{-k}$ and quadric relations of the critical values of their $L$-functions.

Let $\Gamma$ be a finitely generated Fuchsian group of the first kind which has at least one parabolic class. Eichler introduced a cohomology theory for Fuchsian groups, called as "Eichler cohomology theory", and established the $\CC$-linear isomorphism from the direct sum of two spaces of cusp forms on $\Gamma$ with the same integral weight to the Eichler cohomology group of $\Gamma$. After the results of Eichler, the Eichler cohomology theory was generalized in various ways. For example, these results were generalized by Knopp to the cases with arbitrary real weights. In this paper, we extend the Eichler cohomology theory to the context of Jacobi forms. We define the cohomology groups of Jacobi groups which are analogues of Eichler cohomology groups and prove an Eichler cohomology theorem for Jacobi forms of arbitrary real weights. Furthermore, we prove that every cocycle is parabolic and that for some special cases we have an isomorphism between the cohomology group and the space of Jacobi forms in terms of the critical values of partial $L$-functions of Jacobi cusp forms.

Recently, K. Bringmann, P. Guerzhoy, Z. Kent and K. Ono studied the connection between Eichler integrals and the holomorphic parts of harmonic weak Maass forms on the full modular group. In this article, we extend their result to more general groups, namely, $H$-groups by employing the theory of supplementary functions introduced and developed by M. I. Knopp and S. Y. Husseini. In particular, we show that the set of Eichler integrals, which have polynomial period functions, is the same as the set of holomorphic parts of harmonic weak Maass forms of which the non-holomorphic parts are certain period integrals of cusp forms. From this we deduce relations among period functions for harmonic weak Maass forms.

Sturm obtained the bounds for the number of the first Fourier coefficients of elliptic modular form $f$ to determine vanishing of $f$ modulo a prime $p$. In this paper, we study analogues of Sturm's bound for Siegel modular forms of genus 2. We show the resulting bound is sharp. As an application, we study congruences involving Atkin's $U(p)$-operator for the Fourier coefficients of Siegel mdoular forms of genus 2.

Serre obtained the p-adic limit of the integral Fourier coefficient of modular forms on $SL_2(\mathbb{Z})$ for $p=2,3,5,7$. In this paper, we extend the result of Serre to weakly holomorphic modular forms of half integral weight on $\Gamma_{0}(4N)$ for $N=1,2,4$. A proof is based on linear relations among Fourier coefficients of modular forms of half integral weight. As applications we obtain congruences of Borcherds exponents, congruences of quotient of Eisentein series and congruences of values of $L$-functions at a certain point are also studied. Furthermore, the congruences of the Fourier coefficients of Siegel modular forms on Maass Space are obtained using Ikeda lifting.

Recently, Bruinier and Ono classified cusp forms $f(z) := \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a_f(n)q ^n \in S_{\lambda+1/2}(\Gamma_0(N),\chi)\cap \mathbb{Z}[[q]]$ that does not satisfy a certain distribution property for modulo odd primes $p$. In this paper, using Rankin-Cohen Bracket, we extend this result to modular forms of half integral weight for primes $p \geq 5$. As applications of our main theorem we derive distribution properties, for modulo primes $p\geq5$, of traces of singular moduli and Hurwitz class number. We also study an analogue of Newman's conjecture for overpartitions.

A partition statistic ` crank' gives combinatorial interpretations for Ramanujan's famous partition congruences. In this paper, we establish an asymptotic formula, Ramanujan type congruences, and q-series identities that the number of partitions with even crank $M_e(n)$ minus the number of partitions with odd crank $M_o(n)$ satisfies. For example, we show that $M_e(5n+4)-M_o(5n+4)\equiv 0 \pmod 5.$ We also determine the exact values of $M_e(n)-M_o(n)$ in case of partitions into distinct parts, which are at most two and zero for infinitely many $n$.

Zagier proved that the traces of singular values of the classical j-invariant are the Fourier coefficients of a weight 3/2 modular form and Duke provided a new proof of the result by establishing an exact formula for the traces using Niebur's work on a certain class of non-holomorphic modular forms. In this short note, by utilizing Niebur's work again, we generalize Duke's result to exact formulas for traces of singular moduli of higher level modular functions., Comment: 8 pages