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Ehretia asperula Zoll. & Moritzi was a common medicinal herb found in several Asian nations. This herb was found in many provinces in northern Vietnam, especially Hoa Binh province. Leaves of E. asperula cultivated in Tay Ninh Province were used to isolate compounds and evaluate their potential as antioxidants by five methods, including TAC, RP, FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS•+. Seven compounds were isolated and elucidated from the ethyl acetate fraction, including kaempferol (1), astragalin (2), nicotiflorin (3), rutin (4), caffeic acid (5), (-)-loliolide (6), and daucosterol (7), where compounds 1, 4, 6, and 7 were found from this species for the first time. All isolated compounds from E. asperula leaves exhibited antioxidant activity, consisting of 5.70 ± 0.01 to 299.13 ± 10.19 μg/mL for EC50 values. Especially compound 5 had a very strong antioxidant effect based on five methods TAC (EC50 = 8.43 ± 0.15 μg/mL), RP (EC50 = 6.79 ± 003 μg/mL), FRAP (EC50 = 12.72 ± 006 μg/mL), DPPH (EC50 = 5.57 ± 0.02 µg/mL), and ABTS•+ (EC50 = 5.70 ± 0.01 μg/mL). From our results, Tay Ninh Province's E. asperula leaves are abundant in naturally occurring antioxidants, indicating their potential use as therapeutic materials.

Purpose - This study investigates how Digital Game-based Learning (DGBL) impacts the development of product innovation skills among undergraduate students, comparing the performance of students across different disciplines—Applied Arts (AA) and Applied Sciences (AS). Methodology - The study involved 80 undergraduate students: 40 students pursuing an AA degree and 40 pursuing an AS degree. The design of the innovation game incorporated cognitivist learning strategies based on Bloom’s taxonomy. Innovation skills were evaluated through an open-ended achievement test. Findings - The study revealed that DGBL effectively enhances product innovation skills by integrating cognitive strategies, and Bloom’s Taxonomy into guided answers, and open-ended achievement tests. AS students excelled in problem identification and idea creation, while AA students emphasised psychological, emotional factors and visualisation representation. Significance - The findings suggest promoting interdisciplinary collaboration among educators and policymakers to integrate aesthetics and technological knowledge. This approach enables students from diverse disciplines to leverage their strengths for holistic innovation. For practical applications, game designers and educators can model product innovation steps, offer guided answers, track progress and award virtual badges. The open-ended achievement test is a valuable tool for assessing innovation skills across diverse student backgrounds. Future studies should focus on integrating cognitivism and constructivism in collaborative learning, using generative AIassisted assessment, and bridging virtual idea generation with real-world product idea pitching using voice-input technologies. In conclusion, this study provides practical guidelines for implementing DGBL in product innovation, influencing education, policy-making, and design practices.

The rise and development of meta-universe technology provide innovative research perspectives for higher education, as well as more opportunities and challenges for the construction of educational and teaching platforms in higher education. In this paper, we design a questionnaire with reference to relevant research and the characteristics of higher education and use the questionnaire to collect data on students’ perceptions of teaching quality and related learning effects in higher education under the application of meta-universe technology. Then, we use correlation analysis and regression analysis to investigate the correlation and influence between the perceived quality of teaching and learning adaptability, academic mood, and learning motivation after the application of metaverse technology in higher education. It was found that the average degree of perceived quality of teaching and learning of higher education students in the environment of meta-universe technology was at a high level (40, P=0.002). All the factors of perceived quality of teaching, except for content interestingness, had a significant effect on students’ learning ability adaptation (P

This study applies an artificial intelligence (AI) method, informed by the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), to predict the behavioral intentions of tourists in a healthy town in Yunnan. This study looks at online search data to guess when a lot of tourists will come by combining text mining with the SPCA-LSTM model. This model combines seasonal and trend decomposition using Loess (STL) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. The model is more accurate than traditional forecasting methods and provides a daily average tourist flow estimate of 3,247 with minimal prediction errors. The average absolute error of 806.4074 and the root mean square error (RMSE) of 959.775 further highlight the model’s performance. This research contributes significantly to tourism management and strategic planning, particularly in health-related destinations. The model provides a reliable benchmark for predicting tourist flows enhancing decision-making processes in the tourism sector.

Purpose: The multisystem clinical manifestations and complications of achondroplasia, the most common form of disproportionate short stature, can cause functional impairment and psychosocial burden. The Lifetime Impact Study for Achondroplasia (LISA), aimed to assess health-related quality of life and medical resource utilization among Latin America patients with achondroplasia. Methods: Data were collected from individuals aged 3 years and above in Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia between 2018 and 2021. A total of 172 patients participated in the study. Results: Children with achondroplasia reported lower scores compared with average stature children in Quality of Life in Short Stature Youth (QoLISSY) and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) questionnaires, with the greatest impact on physical and social domains. Among adolescents, a significant percentage reported pain, 10.3% experienced pain in 3 or more sites. Adults scored lower than the reference population in the EQ-5D-5L Visual Analog Score, and a considerable portion reported moderate to severe anxiety/depression, pain or discomfort, and mobility problems. The Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) revealed poor health status in terms of energy, pain, and mobility. Medical events, particularly musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders were reported, resulting in high medical resource utilization. Conclusion: Overall, the Lifetime Impact Study for Achondroplasia study provides extensive data on health-related quality of life, psychosocial impact, and health care resource utilization among individuals with achondroplasia in Latin America. The findings confirm a significant burden of illness across multiple domains for these individuals.

The study aims to determine social media marketing that influences brand engagement among parents of preschoolers’ children. The study specifically examines the influences of entertainment, interaction, customization, trendiness, and electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on brand engagement. The research methodology adopted is a quantitative approach and a descriptive cross-sectional research design. The participants of this study were drawn from millennial preschoolers’ parents from the District of Petaling, Malaysia. 200 respondents were included in the study via convenience sampling. The measurement was a structured questionnaire that was adopted from previous research. The results revealed that there are two independent variables customization and interaction are having a significant relationship with brand engagement among parents of preschoolers’ children. There are three independent variables entertainment, trendiness and electronic word of mouth are not having a significant relationship with brand engagement among parents of preschoolers’ children. Pre-schools can be guided by the findings of this study to enhance brand engagement among parents and thus improve their enrollment numbers.

This study examines the factors influencing turnover intention among primary school teachers in Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed online, and 313 usable responses were analyzed. The independent variables are salary and benefits, training and career development, job stress, nature of work, and relationship with co-workers while the dependent variable is turnover intention. Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess the reliability of the variables. Correlation and regression analysis was carried out to determine the relationship between the variables. The results confirmed that salary and benefits, training and career development, job stress, nature of work, and relationship with co-workers are significantly associated with teachers’ turnover intention with job stress and nature of work having the greatest influence on teachers’ turnover intention. Thus, aside from making sure that teachers are kept engaged and providing support for them to make teaching a meaningful and rewarding job, a proactive stress management and wellness program must be implemented to ensure the well-being of teachers in our nation.

This study examined the independent variables that influence online purchasing intention in Klang Valley, Malaysia: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, and perceived risk. Online purchase intention is the dependent variable. Both the Theory of Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) are the underpinning theory for the research. Data was collected from 384 respondents using a quantitative approach. Online survey questionnaires with 37 items are created, distributed, and collected from responders. The data is then examined with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. Analyses such as the normality and reliability test, Pearson Correlation, and Multiple Linear Regression were used to test the hypotheses proposed in this study. The study found a substantial positive relationship between three independent factors, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived enjoyment, and the dependent variable, online purchasing intention. These are consistent with the hypotheses that have been proposed. However, no significant relationship exists between the independent variable, perceived risk, and the dependent variable, online purchasing intention. The findings of this study may be valuable to marketers, online shopping service providers, and online retailers. As a result, they should focus their efforts on increasing perceived utility, perceived ease of use, and perceived enjoyment in order to retain existing customers and attract new ones.

This research aims to determine whether individuals intend to verify the validity of information before posting it on social media platforms. The intention to verify news before posting it on social media is the dependent variable. The four independent variables are attitudes, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms, and awareness and knowledge. This study used a quantitative approach and a self-administered questionnaire as its research instrument. It was then delivered to the respondents via Google Forms, and the data that was gathered was then analysed using IBM SPSS version 26.0. The total number of respondents is 402. Female participants are 221 (55.0%), while males are 181 (45.0%). The result revealed a significant relationship between all the independent variables (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and awareness and knowledge) and the dependent variable (intention to verify). From the standardised regression coefficients (beta coefficients), it shows that the most significant relative influence of the explanatory variables is Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC =0.358), followed by Attitude (Att =0.334), Awareness And Knowledge (AFN= 0.169) and Subjective Norms (SN= 0.092). This study helps make improvements to these elements to halt the escalation of the spread of fake news on social media among the general population.

Resumo Fundamento Algumas síndromes têm características específicas e facilmente reconhecíveis, enquanto outras podem ser mais complexas de se identificar e podem apresentar diferentes manifestações fenotípicas, por exemplo. Um diagnóstico etiológico é importante para entender a natureza da doença, para estabelecer o prognóstico e para começar o tratamento, permitindo a inclusão de pacientes na sociedade e reduzindo o custo financeiro dessas doenças. Objetivo A proposta inicial deste estudo foi a triagem citogenética para detectar a síndrome de deleção 22q11.2 (SD22q11.2) em recém-nascidos e crianças com doença cardíaca congênita utilizando a técnica da amplificação multiplex de sondas dependente de ligação (MLPA). Assim, por meio da pesquisa, outras mudanças genômicas foram identificadas nesses pacientes cardíacos. Nosso objetivo se estendeu a investigar essas outras mudanças citogenéticas. Métodos Investigamos 118 recém-nascidos com doenças cardíacas congênitas nascidos consecutivamente durante um ano, utilizando a técnica da MLPA. Resultados A técnica da MLPA permitiu a detecção da SD22q11.2 em 10/118 pacientes (8,5%). Outras alterações genômicas foram identificadas em 6/118 pacientes (5%): 1p36 del, 8p23 del (2 casos), 7q dup, 12 dup e 8q24 dup. Conclusão Este estudo ressalta a relevância da detecção de alterações genômicas que estão presentes em recém-nascidos e crianças com doenças cardíacas congênitas por meio de ferramentas citogenômicas.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop and test personalized predictions for functional recovery after Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) surgery, using a novel neighbors-based prediction approach. We used data from 397 patients with TKA to develop the prediction methodology and then tested the predictions in a temporally distinct sample of 202 patients. The Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test was used to assess physical function. Neighbors-based predictions were generated by estimating an index patient’s prognosis from the observed recovery data of previous similar patients (a.k.a., the index patient’s “matches”). Matches were determined by an adaptation of predictive mean matching. Matching characteristics included preoperative TUG time, age, sex and Body Mass Index. The optimal number of matches was determined to be m = 35, based on low bias (− 0.005 standard deviations), accurate coverage (50% of the realized observations within the 50% prediction interval), and acceptable precision (the average width of the 50% prediction interval was 2.33 s). Predictions were well-calibrated in out-of-sample testing. These predictions have the potential to inform care decisions both prior to and following TKA surgery.

Organizations are adapting to new and demanding changes in the digital economy. One of the ways to respond to the challenges is through quality improvement. In a military context, organizations such as the Military Armed Forces of Malaysia (MAF) has deployed, among others, the 5S quality management tool. Many believe that the success of quality management depends largely on the "people" of the organization. This study explores employees' perception of 5S practices within MAF and seeks to find answers to the main question, "how would MAF improve employees' involvement in 5S practices?". Data were collected from MAF personnel through interviews to meet the research objectives. Results from the qualitative study reveal five perceived important elements that would drive employees' active participation in 5S. We discuss the implications for military managers and future directions of research.

In this study, Li3V2(PO4)3 (LVP) powders are prepared by a solution synthesis method. The effects of two reducing agents on crystal structure and morphology and electrochemical properties are investigated. Preliminary studies on reducing agents such as oxalic acid and citric acid, are used to reduce the vanadium (V) precursor. The oxalic acid-assisted synthesis induces smaller particles (30 nm) compared with the citric acid-assisted synthesis (70 nm). The LVP powders obtained by the oxalic acid exhibit a higher specific capacity (124 mAh g−1 at 1C) and better cycling performance (122 mAh g−1 following 50 cycles at 1C rate) than those for the citric acid. This is due to their higher electronic conductivity caused by carbon coating and downsizing the particles. The charge-discharge plateaus obtained from cyclic voltammetry are in good agreement with galvanostatic cycling profiles.

Trace metal dynamics have not been studied with respect to growth increments in octocorals. It is particularly unknown whether ontogenetic compartmentalization of trace metal accumulation is species-specific. We studied here for the first time the intracolonial distribution and concentrations of 18 trace metals in the octocorals Subergorgia suberosa, Echinogorgia complexa and E. reticulata that were retrieved from the northern coast of Taiwan. Levels of trace metals were considerably elevated in corals collected at these particular coral habitats as a result of diverse anthropogenic inputs. There was a significant difference in the concentration of metals among octocorals except for Sn. Both species of Echinogorgia contained significantly higher concentrations of Cu, Zn and Al than Subergorgia suberosa. We used for the first time exponential growth curves that describe an age-specific relationship of octocoral trace metal concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr and Pb where the distance from the grip point was reflecting younger age as linear regressions. The larger colony (C7) had a lower accumulation rate constant than the smaller one (C6) for Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr and Pb, while other trace metals showed an opposite trend. The Cu concentration declined exponentially from the grip point, whereas the concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cr and Pb increased exponentially. In S. suberosa and E. reticulata, Zn occurred primarily in coenosarc tissues and Zn concentrations increased with distance from the grip point in both skeletal and coenosarc tissues. Metals which appeared at high concentrations (e.g. Ca, Zn and Fe) generally tended to accumulate in the outer coenosarc tissues, while metals with low concentrations (e.g. V) tended to accumulate in the soft tissues of the inner skeleton.

Abstract Background The primary olfactory pathway is a potential route through which microorganisms from the periphery could potentially access the central nervous system. Our previous studies demonstrated that if the olfactory epithelium was damaged, bacteria administered into the nasal cavity induced nitric oxide production in olfactory ensheathing cells. This study investigates the cytokine profile of olfactory tissues as a consequence of bacterial challenge and establishes whether or not the bacteria are able to reach the olfactory bulb in the central nervous system. Methods The olfactory epithelium of C57BL/6 mice was damaged by unilateral Triton X-100 nasal washing, and Staphylococcus aureus was administered ipsilaterally 4 days later. Olfactory mucosa and bulb were harvested 6 h, 24 h and 5 days after inoculation and their cytokine profile compared to control tissues. The fate of S. aureus and the response of bulbar microglia were examined using fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Results In the olfactory mucosa, administered S. aureus was present in supporting cells of the olfactory epithelium, and macrophages and olfactory nerve bundles in the lamina propria. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated S. aureus was observed within the olfactory mucosa and bulb 6 h after inoculation, but remained restricted to the peripheral layers up to 5 days later. At the 24-h time point, the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α in the compromised olfactory tissues challenged with bacteria (12,466 ± 956 pg/ml and 552 ± 193 pg/ml, respectively) was significantly higher than that in compromised olfactory tissues alone (6,092 ± 1,403 pg/ml and 80 ± 2 pg/ml, respectively). Immunohistochemistry confirmed that IL-6 was present in several cell types including olfactory ensheathing cells and mitral cells of the olfactory bulb. Concurrently, there was a 4.4-, 4.5- and 2.8-fold increase in the density of iNOS-expressing cells in the olfactory mucosa, olfactory nerve and glomerular layers combined, and granule layer of the olfactory bulb, respectively. Conclusions Bacteria are able to penetrate the immunological defence of the compromised olfactory mucosa and infiltrate the olfactory bulb within 6 h even though a proinflammatory profile is mounted. Activated microglia may have a role in restricting bacteria to the outer layers of the olfactory bulb.