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In South Korea, Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have been increasing with the application of energy policies, such as Feed in Tariff (FIT) and the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS). However, a rapid increase in RES supply leads to an uncertain power supply due to the intermittent output of RES. A representative example is the curtailment of Wind Turbines (WT), which frequently occurs in Jeju Island, South Korea. The proportion of RES power on Jeju Island is 67%, and there are cases where WT is curtailed among the operable sections to maintain the balance of power supply and demand. This paper applies Power-to-Gas (P2G) technology to hydrogenate, store, and utilize unused power to solve this problem. In this paper, Aewol-eup in Jeju Island is selected as a target site for case study. An Integrated Energy System (IES) for various energy operations is designed to control RES output. This paper proposes the optimal facility configuration and finally drives the optimal design and operation solution of IES by analyzing the objective functions and focusing on the Independent Power Producer (IPP) perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of dental implants has long been considered to be dependent primarily on the quality and quantity of alveolar bone. Bone grafting allows patients with insufficient bone volume to obtain implant-supported prosthetic solutions for treatment of edentulism. While extensive bone grafting procedures have been commonly used to rehabilitate severely atrophic arches, they can be associated with long treatment times, unpredictability, and donor site morbidity. Nongrafting solutions have more recently been employed that maximally utilize the residual highly atrophic alveolar or extra-alveolar bone for implant therapy. With the use of modern diagnostic imaging and 3D printing technology, clinicians are able to provide individualized, subperiosteal implants that fully adapt to the patient's remaining alveolar bone. Other "graftless" implants, including zygomatic implants, utilize the patient's extraoral facial bone outside the alveolar process and have been shown to provide predictable results. This article discusses the rationale for graftless solutions in implant therapy and the data supporting the use of various graftless protocols as alternatives to grafting and conventional dental implant therapy.

For many decades the success of dental implants has been considered to be dependent predominantly on the quality and quantity of the patient's alveolar bone. Building on the high success rates of implants, bone grafting eventually was implemented, allowing patients with insufficient bone volume to obtain implant-supported prosthetic solutions for treatment of partial or complete edentulism. Extensive bone grafting procedures have been commonly used to rehabilitate severely atrophic arches but are associated with long treatment times, unpredictability, and donor site morbidity. More recently, nongrafting solutions that maximally utilize the residual highly atrophic alveolar or extra-alveolar bone for implant therapy have been reported to have success. The emergence of diagnostic imaging and 3D printing technology has allowed clinicians to provide individualized, subperiosteal implants that can adapt precisely to the patient's remaining alveolar bone. Furthermore, paranasal, pterygoid, and zygomatic implants that utilize the patient's extraoral facial bone outside the alveolar process can provide predictable and optimal results with no or minimal bone grafting with less treatment time. This article considers and evaluates the rationale for graftless solutions in implant therapy as well as the data supporting the use of various graftless protocols as alternatives to grafting and conventional dental implant therapy.