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2. Cryptochromes Interact Directly with PIFs to Control Plant Growth in Limiting Blue Light

Author

Pedmale, UV, Huang, SSC, Zander, M, Cole, BJ, Hetzel, J, Ljung, K, Reis, PAB, Sridevi, P, Nito, K, Nery, JR, Ecker, JR, and Chory, J

Abstract

© 2016 Elsevier Inc. Sun-loving plants have the ability to detect and avoid shading through sensing of both blue and red light wavelengths. Higher plant cryptochromes (CRYs) control how plants modulate growth in response to changes in blue light. For growth under a canopy, where blue light is diminished, CRY1 and CRY2 perceive this change and respond by directly contacting two bHLH transcription factors, PIF4 and PIF5. These factors are also known to be controlled by phytochromes, the red/far-red photoreceptors; however, transcriptome analyses indicate that the gene regulatory programs induced by the different light wavelengths are distinct. Our results indicate that CRYs signal by modulating PIF activity genome wide and that these factors integrate binding of different plant photoreceptors to facilitate growth changes under different light conditions.

Published
2016

4. Perception of brassinosteroids by the extracellular domain of the receptor kinase BRI1.

Author

He, Z, Wang, Z Y, Li, J, Zhu, Q, Lamb, C, Ronald, P, and Chory, J

Abstract

An assay was developed to study plant receptor kinase activation and signaling mechanisms. The extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and transmembrane domains of the Arabidopsis receptor kinase BRI1, which is implicated in brassinosteroid signaling, were fused to the serine/threonine kinase domain of XA21, the rice disease resistance receptor. The chimeric receptor initiates plant defense responses in rice cells upon treatment with brassinosteroids. These results, which indicate that the extracellular domain of BRI1 perceives brassinosteroids, suggest a general signaling mechanism for the LRR receptor kinases of plants. This system should allow the discovery of ligands for the LRR kinases, the largest group of plant receptor kinases.

Published
2000

8. Vegetative Development

Author

Bowman, John, Callos, J. D., Behringer, F. J., Vasinda, J., Stewart, D., Link, B. M., Medford, J. I., Griffith, M., Pyke, K. A., Marrison, J. L., Leech, R. M., Plaskitt, K., Linstead, P., Dolan, L., Roberts, K., Poole, D. S., Chory, J., Marks, M. D., Esch, J. J., Koornneef, M., Estelle, M. A., Azpiroz, R., and Bowman, John, editor

Published
1994
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17. Long-Day Photoperiod Enhances Jasmonic Acid-Related Plant Defense

Author

Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario Mixto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas - Institut Universitari Mixt de Biologia Molecular i Cel·lular de Plantes, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, Argentina, Cagnola, J.I., Cerdan, Pablo, Pacín, M., Andrade, A., Rodríguez, V., Zurbriggen, M.D., Legris, M., Buchovsky, S., Carrillo, N., Chory, J., Blazquez Rodriguez, Miguel Angel, Alabadí Diego, David, Casal, J., Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario Mixto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas - Institut Universitari Mixt de Biologia Molecular i Cel·lular de Plantes, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, Argentina, Cagnola, J.I., Cerdan, Pablo, Pacín, M., Andrade, A., Rodríguez, V., Zurbriggen, M.D., Legris, M., Buchovsky, S., Carrillo, N., Chory, J., Blazquez Rodriguez, Miguel Angel, Alabadí Diego, David, and Casal, J.

Abstract

[EN] Agricultural crops are exposed to a range of daylengths, which act as important environmental cues for the control of developmental processes such as flowering. To explore the additional effects of daylength on plant function, we investigated the transcriptome of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants grown under short days (SD) and transferred to long days (LD). Compared with that under SD, the LD transcriptome was enriched in genes involved in jasmonic acid-dependent systemic resistance. Many of these genes exhibited impaired expression induction under LD in the phytochrome A (phyA), cryptochrome 1 (cry1), and cry2 triple photoreceptor mutant. Compared with that under SD, LD enhanced plant resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Bottytis cinerea. This response was reduced in the phyA cry1 cry2 triple mutant, in the constitutive photomorphogenicl (cop1) mutant, in the myc2 mutant, and in mutants impaired in DELLA function. Plants grown under SD had an increased nuclear abundance of COP1 and decreased DELLA abundance, the latter of which was dependent on COP1. We conclude that growth under LD enhances plant defense by reducing COP1 activity and enhancing DELLA abundance and MYC2 expression.

Published
2018

23. Steroid Hormones in Plant Development

Author

Chory, J.

Subjects
Plants -- Development, Steroid hormones -- Physiological aspects, Cellular signal transduction -- Physiological aspects, Arabidopsis -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Brassinosteroids are a class of plant hormones that induce a broad spectrum of responses, such as stem elongation, pollen tube growth, leaf bending and epinasty, root growth inhibition, and xylem differentiation. We are taking a combined genetic, biochemical, and molecular approach in the reference plant, Arabidopsis, to identify components of the brassinosteroid signal transduction pathways. A class of mutants that we study show many characteristics of light-grown plants even when grown in complete darkness. We have recently shown that these mutations define genes involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis, metabolism, or signaling. A transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase, BRI1, functions as the receptor for brassinosteroids. Binding of the steroid requires the extracellular domain of BRI1 and induces its autophosphorylation. The signal transduction pathway from BRI1 involves both novel and known proteins and is branched. One branch controls rapid changes in the rate of cell elongation through regulated assembly of the V-ATPase, while the second branch involves changes in gene expression which control cell expansion and other processes. The complex interactions between light, auxin, and steroid signaling in regulating Arabidopsis development will be discussed.

Published
2001

24. Steroid Hormones in Plant Development

Author

Chory, J., Cheong, H., Friedrichsen, D., Neff, M., Schumacher, K., Wang, Z., and Yin, Y.

Subjects
Plants -- Development, Steroid hormones -- Physiological aspects, Cellular signal transduction -- Analysis, Arabidopsis -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Brassinosteroids are a class of plant hormones that induce a broad spectrum of responses, such as stem elongation, pollen tube growth, leaf bending and epinasty, root growth inhibition, and xylem differentiation. We are taking a combined genetic, biochemical, and molecular approach in the model plant, Arabidopsis, to identify components of the brassinosteroid signal transduction pathways. A class of mutants that we study, the de-etiolated mutants, show many characteristics of light-grown plants even when grown in complete darkness. We have recently shown that a subset of the de-etiolated mutations define genes involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis, metabolism, or signaling. BRI1, the gene for the putative brassinosteroid receptor, encodes a ubiquitously expressed leucine-rich-repeat receptor Ser/Thr kinase. BRI1 is a member of a superfamily of leucine-rich-repeat receptor kinases of which there are over 100 family members in Arabidopsis. The mechanism by which this class of receptors initiates a signaling cascade is not known. Our genetic studies indicate that the signal transduction pathway from BRI1 is branched: one branch controls rapid changes in the rate of cell elongation through regulated assembly of the VATPase, while the second branch involves changes in gene expression which control cell expansion. The complex interactions between light and steroid signaling in regulating Arabidopsis development will be discussed.

Published
2000

27. Proteasome-mediated turnover of arabidopsis MED25 is coupled to the activation of FLOWERING LOCUS T transcription

Author

Iñigo, S., Giraldez, A.N., Chory, J., and Cerdán, P.D.

Subjects
Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Transcription, Genetic, Arabidopsis thaliana, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Molecular Sequence Data, Arabidopsis, protein binding, Flowers, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, chemistry, gene silencing, nuclear protein, PFT1 protein, Arabidopsis, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, genetics, protein tertiary structure, Amino Acid Sequence, Arabidopsis protein, Arabidopsis Proteins, Protein Stability, article, genetic transcription, Nuclear Proteins, Eukaryota, gene expression regulation, flower, Protein Structure, Tertiary, ubiquitin protein ligase, proteasome, Gene Knockdown Techniques, molecular genetics, physiology, Mutation, Proteolysis, protein degradation, FT protein, Arabidopsis, metabolism
Abstract

The Mediator complex is a greater than 1-megadalton complex, composed of about 30 subunits and found in most eukaryotes, whose main role is to transmit signals from DNA-bound transcription factors to RNA Polymerase II. The proteasome is emerging as an important regulator of transcription during both initiation and elongation. It is increasing the number of cases where the proteolysis of transcriptional activators by the proteasome activates their function. This counterintuitive phenomenon was called "activation by destruction." Here, we show that, in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), PHYTOCHROME AND FLOWERING TIME1 (PFT1), the MEDIATOR25 (MED25) subunit of the plant Mediator complex, is degraded by the proteasome and that proteasome-mediated PFT1 turnover is coupled to its role in stimulating the transcription of FLOWERING LOCUS T, the plant florigen, which is involved in the process of flowering induction. We further identify two novel RING-H2 proteins that target PFT1 for degradation. We show that MED25-BINDING RING-H2 PROTEIN1 (MBR1) and MBR2 bind to PFT1 in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and in vitro, and they promote PFT1 degradation in vivo, in a RING-H2- dependent way, typical of E3 ubiquitin ligases. We further show that both MBR1 and MBR2 also promote flowering by PFT1- dependent and -independent mechanisms. Our findings extend the phenomenon of activation by destruction to a Mediator subunit, adding a new mechanism by which Mediator subunits may regulate downstream genes in specific pathways. Furthermore, we show that two novel RING-H2 proteins are involved in the destruction of PFT1, adding new players to this process in plants. © 2012 American Society of Plant Biologists. Fil:Cerdán, P.D. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.

Published
2012

28. Direct involvement of leucine-rich repeats in assembling ligand-triggered receptor-coreceptor complexes

Author

Belkhadir, Y., Dangl, J. L., Jaillais, Y., Chory, J., and Balsemao-Pires, E.

Subjects
fungi, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena
Abstract

Receptor kinases with leucine-rich repeat (LRR) extracellular domains form the largest family of receptors in plants. In the few cases for which there is mechanistic information, ligand binding in the extracellular domain often triggers the recruitment of a LRR-coreceptor kinase. The current model proposes that this recruitment is mediated by their respective kinase domains. Here, we show that the extracellular LRR domain of BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1 (BAK1), a coreceptor involved in the disparate processes of cell surface steroid signaling and immunity in plants, is critical for its association with specific ligand-binding LRR-containing receptors. The LRRs of BAK1 thus serve as a platform for the molecular assembly of signal-competent receptors. We propose that this mechanism represents a paradigm for LRR receptor activation in plants.

Published
2011
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29. Genome-wide association study of 107 phenotypes in a common set of Arabidopsis thaliana inbred lines

Author

Atwell, S., Y.S., Huang, B.J., Vilhjalmsson, Willems, G., Horton, M., Y., Li, Meng, D., Platt, A., A.M., Tarone, T.T., Hu, Jiang, R., N.W., Muliyati, Zhang, X., Amer M., Ali, Baxter, I., Brachi, Benjamin, Chory, J., Dean, C., Debieu, M., Meaux J., De, J.R., Ecker, Faure, N., J.M., Kniskern, J.D.G., Jones, T.P., Michael, Nemri, A., Roux, F., D.E., Salt, Tang, C., Todesco, M., M.B., Traw, Weigel, D., Marjoram, P., J.O., Borevitz, Bergelson, J., Nordborg, M., Génétique et évolution des populations végétales (GEPV), and Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE]
Abstract

International audience; Although pioneered by human geneticists as a potential solution to the challenging problem of finding the genetic basis of common human diseases1,2, genome-wide association (GWA) studies have, owing to advances in genotyping and sequencing technology, become an obvious general approach for studying the genetics of natural variation and traits of agricultural importance. They are particularly useful when inbred lines are available, because once these lines have been genotyped they can be phenotyped multiple times, making it possible (as well as extremely cost effective) to study many different traits in many different environments, while replicating the phenotypic measurements to reduce environmental noise. Here we demonstrate the power of this approach by carrying out a GWA study of 107 phenotypes in Arabidopsis thaliana, a widely distributed, predominantly self-fertilizingmodel plant known to harbour considerable genetic variation for many adaptively important traits3. Our results are dramatically different from those of human GWA studies, in that we identify many common alleles of major effect, but they are also, in many cases, harder to interpret because confounding by complex genetics and population structure make it difficult to distinguish true associations from false. However, a-priori candidates are significantly over-represented among these associations as well, making many of themexcellent candidates for follow-up experiments. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of GWA studies in A. thaliana and suggests that the approach will be appropriate for many other organisms.

Published
2010

31. Light-response quantitative trait loci identified with composite interval and extreme array mapping in Arabidopsis thaliana

Author

Wolyn, D.J., Borevitz, J.O., Loudet, Olivier, Schwartz, C., Maloof, J., Ecker, J.R., Berry, C.C., Chory, J., ProdInra, Migration, Unité de recherche Génétique et amélioration des plantes (GAP), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, REPONSE DE LA PLANTE, AMELIORATION DES PLANTES, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, GENETIQUE, BIOLOGIE MOLECULAIRE
Published
2004

33. Light controls growth and development via a conserved pathway in the fungal kingdom

Author

Chory, J, Idnurm, A, Heitman, J, Chory, J, Idnurm, A, and Heitman, J

Abstract

Light inhibits mating and haploid fruiting of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, but the mechanisms involved were unknown. Two genes controlling light responses were discovered through candidate gene and insertional mutagenesis approaches. Deletion of candidate genes encoding a predicted opsin or phytochrome had no effect on mating, while strains mutated in the white collar 1 homolog gene BWC1 mated equally well in the light or the dark. The predicted Bwc1 protein shares identity with Neurospora crassa WC-1, but lacks the zinc finger DNA binding domain. BWC1 regulates cell fusion and repression of hyphal development after fusion in response to blue light. In addition, bwc1 mutant strains are hypersensitive to ultraviolet light. To identify other components required for responses to light, a novel self-fertile haploid strain was created and subjected to Agrobacterium-mediated insertional mutagenesis. One UV-sensitive mutant that filaments equally well in the light and the dark was identified and found to have an insertion in the BWC2 gene, whose product is structurally similar to N. crassa WC-2. The C. neoformans Bwc1 and Bwc2 proteins interact in the yeast two-hybrid assay. Deletion of BWC1 or BWC2 reduces the virulence of C. neoformans in a murine model of infection; the Bwc1-Bwc2 system thus represents a novel protein complex that influences both development and virulence in a pathogenic fungus. These results demonstrate that a role for blue/UV light in controlling development is an ancient process that predates the divergence of the fungi into the ascomycete and basidiomycete phyla.

Published
2005

34. Genes controlling Arabidopsis photomorphogenesis

Author

Chory J, Elich T, Hm, Li, Pepper A, Poole D, Jason Reed, Susek R, Vitart V, Washburn T, and Furuya M

Subjects
Light, Arabidopsis Proteins, Phytochrome A, Mutation, Arabidopsis, Morphogenesis, Phytochrome, Genes, Plant, Genes, Suppressor, Signal Transduction
Published
1994

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