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The design and development of a truly recyclable heterogeneous catalyst, nanocrystalline magnesium oxide, for the asymmetric Henry reaction (AH) is reported to afford chiral nitro alcohols with excellent yields and good to excellent enantioselectivities (ee's) for the first time. Asymmetric Michael (AM) reaction with nanocrystalline MgO is also carried out and the reusable and suitably aligned nanocrystalline MgO-catalyzed AH and AM reactions afforded chiral products with comparable ee's to that of the homogenous system.

Chromium-pillared montmorillonite serves as an effective catalyst in the benzylic oxidation of arylmethylene with tert-butylhydroperoxide. The substrates, which tend to form dicarbonyls, are selectively oxidized to monocarbonyls by this method. As the catalyst is inert towards branched hydrocarbons, it is put to good use in the selective oxidation of p-isobutylethylbenzene to p-isobutylacetophenone and in debenzylation/ deprotection applications. The deprotection works even on acetylenic substrates.

The facile N-arylation of imidazoles and amines with arylboronic acids were catalyzed by heterogeneous basic copper fluorapatite (CuFAP) in methanol at room temperature. The procedure was found to work well, with a variety of imidazoles and amines affording good to excellent yields of N-arylimidazoles and N-arylamines with reusability of the catalyst.

Newly designed and developed copper basic apatites are found to be potential candidates for N-arylation of heterocycles of both chloroarenes (EW and ED) and fluoroarenes (EW). N-arylation of heterocycles with chloroarenes containing electron-withdrawing groups (EW) by using copper oxide coated copper nanoparticles and electron-donating groups (ED) by Pd catalysts in the presence of strong bases are performed.

The design and development of a truly recyclable, bifunctional nano heterogeneous catalyst for the Claisen-Schmidt condensation (CSC) of the benzaldehydes with scetophenones to yield chalcones is reported. The catalytic CSC reactions are very impressive when compared with the other systems, AlCl3, BF3, POCl3, alumina and Ba(OH)2, which require more than stoichiometric quantities, are nongenerable, and offer low selectivity or conversions to desired products.

The preparation of surface transient oganometallic (STO) intermediates sequentially for each of the C-C coupling reactions of chloroarenes on layered double hydroxides (LDH)-Pd0 and characterization by XPS and TGA-AS for the first time is disclosed. Figure showing the validated mechanistic cycle for the coupling reactions is presented.

Research has been conducted on heterogeneous bifunctional catalyst composed of OsO (sub)4 (super)2- -WO (sub)4 (super)2- and a trifunctional catalys composed of PdCl (sub)4 (super)2- -OsO (sub)4 (super)2- -WO (sub)4 (super)2-. The authors demonstrate that these catalysts have been designed and prepared via the use of layered double hydroxides and that they have been evaluated for the chiral vicinal diol synthesis.

Transition metal complex mediated homogeneous catalysts exhibit higher activity and selectivity in organic transformations due to the presence of a single active site with a defined shape and stereochemistry. It is observed that for toluene benzylation, the AP-MgO sample exhibited an induction period, but the CP-MgO did not.

Layered double hydroxide and Merrifield resin supported nanopalladium(O) catalysts are prepared by an exchange of PdCl4(super 2-) followed by reduction and well characterized for the first time. The ligand-free nanopalladium supported on LDH, displays superior activity over the other heterogenous catalysts inclusive of nanopalladium in the C-C coupling reactions of chloroarenes.

An ion-exchange technique by using layered double hydroxides and quaternary ammonium salts covalently bound to resin and silica as ion-exchangers is reported for the preparation of exchanger-OsO4 catalysts. Compared to the Kobayashi heterogeneous system, resin-OsO4 is a very efficient catalyst for the dihydroxylation of a wide variety of aromatic, aliphatic, acyclic, cyclic, mono, di-and trisubstituted olefins to afford chiral vicinal diols with high yields and enantioselectivities irrespective of the cooxidant used.

The heterogenization of OsO4 2- is presented using an ion-exchange method in the catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation.