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Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Aquatic therapy refers to the therapeutic activities or treatments that take place in water, especially those aimed at promoting fitness, relaxation and physical healing. Exercise in aquatic environments can offer various benefits due to factors such as buoyancy, turbulence, hydrostatic pressure and resistance. Aim: To systematically review the impact of aquatic therapy on multiple sclerosis patients and to evaluate the scientific evidence endorsing the benefits of this therapeutic approach. Materials and Methods: Using keywords such as aquatic therapy, physiotherapy and multiple sclerosis, exercise, and rehabilitation a comprehensive analysis of research on the role of aquatic therapy in multiple sclerosis was conducted. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Research Gate, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched to identify the literature. A total of 121 articles from the last ten years (2013-2024) were identified according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, out of which 12 articles were included in the study using the PRISMA guidelines. Data was obtained from the included articles and summarised in PICO format. This review includes articles encompassing adult patients aged ≥18 years with multiple sclerosis, including both males and females. Results: Finally 12 articles were analysed for the literature review providing evidence supporting the use of aquatic therapy manage symptoms of multiple sclerosis patients in combination with exercise therapy. It significantly reduces fatigue, depression also it improves cognitive functions, balance, motor functions, physical independence and functional capacity. Additionally, it may delay the progression of the disease. No adverse effect was observed after the therapy. Conclusion: Aquatic therapy is effective when used in combination with other conventional physiotherapeutic measures. Aquatic therapy helps improve the overall quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis. More randomised control trials are needed to provide good-quality evidence of the extent to which aquatic therapy can improve the function and quality of life of individuals with multiple sclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a disease of the central nervous system caused by the immune system and it affects people all over the world. It is characterised by a variety of symptoms. Excessive fatigue is the most prevalent and debilitating symptom in individuals with multiple sclerosis, significantly impacting their lives. Several factors contribute to the disease and physical inactivity, which have been suggested to impact fatigue levels. Regular exercise therapy has the potential to alter psychological and physiological functions that can significantly improve fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients. Aim: To review the existing literature on the efficacy of exercise therapy on fatigue levels of multiple sclerosis patients. Materials and Methods: The authors conducted a literature search from 2014-2024 using different search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Cochrane Library and Scopus. The search utilised MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) keywords including exercise, multiple sclerosis, and fatigue. The authors included all types of studies that examined the efficacy of exercise interventions on fatigue outcome measures. Results: Exercise therapy was a safe intervention for multiple sclerosis patients and did not cause any harm. A combination of exercise programs were used to improve fatigue levels and the quality of life of multiple sclerosis patients. Both subjective and objective outcome measures showed significant changes in fatigue levels. Conclusion: Exercise therapy has shown promising results in improving the overall health of multiple sclerosis patients, particularly in reducing fatigue levels. There is a need for more focus on designing non stereotypical treatment protocols and evaluating them using goldstandard tools. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model can be incorporated to identify more effective treatment and assessment methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Gymnastics is a sports that require early specialisation and high-intensity training. Training programs at a young age help to develop power and strength, as the sport demands explosive lowerbody power and control of the body. Physiotherapy rehabilitation protocols can be incorporated to improve the athletic performance of the gymnasts. Aim: To identify the impact of physiotherapy protocols on the subjective and objective physical fitness parameters of gymnastic athletes. Materials and Methods: The authors carried out a comprehensive literature search using different databases: PUBMED, ResearchGate, Cochrane Library, and Scopus using MESH terms rehabilitation, physiotherapy, physical fitness, gymnastics, and training. Fulltext articles written in the English language from 2013-2023 were considered, and gymnastic athletes of any gender and age group were included in the study. Results: The study included eight articles on physiotherapy rehabilitation in gymnasts, based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The studies show that various types of physiotherapy rehabilitation protocols can be included in gymnasts’ training programs, leading to significant improvements in both subjective and objective physical fitness outcome measures related to athletic performance. These protocols may involve plyometric training, core training, and neuromuscular training all of which can enhance the power, agility, strength, endurance, flexibility, and balance of the gymnastic athletes. Conclusion: This review shows that different physiotherapy rehabilitation programs can lead to significant improvement in the physical fitness and overall performance of gymnastic athletes. Further studies should be conducted in this area to identify the most challenging situations of gymnastic athletes, enhance performance, and develop effective rehabilitation protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]