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Tuberculosis is chronic multisystemic disease caused mostly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease has its mention in the Vedas and Chakra and Sushruta described the features in the early 600 B.C. TB has a known site predilection for lungs, although, extra pulmonary cases have also been reported. The oral tuberculous lesions are a rare occurrence with atypical signs and symptoms, thus deferring an accurate diagnosis and treatment. A plethora of standard and contemporary diagnostic adjuncts facilitate the rapid and precise diagnosis. Anti-tubercular regimen forms the mainstay of treatment, although several recent drugs are also in clinical trial phase. This article aims to highlight the etio-pathogenesis, clinical and oral features of tuberculosis, diagnostic tools, and management protocol for tuberculosis. There is also a brief mention on the various policies considered by World health Organization (WHO) to combat this dreaded disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This questioner survey aimed about awareness of the Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) machine and its various clinical applications in ENT, among the ENT surgeons in the state of Odisha. 150 questioner forms on CBCT were distributed to the all the participating ENT surgeons at a state level ENT conference, out of which the response rate was 110. The participants were asked to answer 30 multiple choice questions, which were divided into 3 parts; general information on CBCT, general approach to CBCT and practice related to CBCT. The statistical analysis of the data collected was carried out by a Chi square test to compare the means at a significance level of P < 0.05. The response rate for this study was 73%. The mean age of the participant ENT surgeons was 47.9 (±19.2). Of the study population, 71.2% (89) did not ever advice CBCT in their practice. Only 33.9% (38) of the population believed that CBCT is more beneficial in the field of ENT. Only 25% (28) knew that CBCT requires lower radiation dose than conventional CT. 28.1% (31) of population believed that the spatial orientation is better in CBCT than CT. 62.5% (69) of the population did not knew that CBCT can be used in imaging sinusitis of dental origins. 75% (83) of the population did not knew that CBCT can be used in diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea and visualizing airway space. Only 18.8% (21) of the study population agreed that the CBCT has the potential to replace conventional CT in ENT imaging in future. In the conclusion, this study clearly showed that the number of ENT surgeons advising CBCT imaging in their practice is very less. The knowledge about various advantages and clinical applications of CBCT had been very limited. However, through continuing medical education and conducting various seminars and workshops on CBCT, imparting chapters on CBCT, in the undergraduate and post graduate curriculum will definitely help increase the awareness on CBCT among ENT fraternity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]