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We consider the determination of the subdomain D, D ⊂⊂ Ω, in the boundary value problem (ED): -Δu + χDu = 0 in Ω and u =f on ∂Ω. To each admissible vector field V we associate the boundary measurements corresponding to the solution of (EDv), where DV = (I + V)D. This defines a mapping from the space of the admissible vector fields into the space of the boundary measurements. We show that this mapping is Gateaux-differentiable at V = 0 and its Gateaux derivative at this point is one to one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this work lies in the setting up of a database on plants used in medicines which is aimed at pharmacological development of plant resources in Morocco. We have, as a first step, made an inventory of different plant species involved in medicine making in Morocco. This survey dealt with 825 miscellaneous pharmaceutical products and reveals the use of 445 different plant species in medicine making. For each plant species, we have also noted the parts of the plant which are used in the pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, we have taken an interest in plant extracts involved in this medicine making. The results show that in all these medicines contain 46 extracts of a vegetal nature. At the top of the list, menthol is used in the manufacture of 110 pharmaceutical products. Finally, an analysis per pharmaco-therapeutic family reveals the impact of the involvement of these plants on each of these families. In fact, it turns out that 204 plant species play a part in medicines classified in the family of gastro-entero-hepatology whereas only one plant is involved in anti-inflammatory medicines.

In the present work, we have shown electrochemically that in the rat olfactory bulb (OB), extracellular dopamine (DA) was highest in the glomerular layer (GL), whereas extracellular noradrenaline (NA) appeared to be more uniformly distributed across layers. The GL catecholamine (CA) responses to amphetamine (AMPH) and phenylethylamine (PEA) were also characterized electrochemically using an in vivo model. Results of this investigation show that at a lower dose (1 mg/kg), PEA had no effect on CA release. In contrast, at a higher dose (10 mg/kg), it produced similar increases in either extracellular DA (17.5 +/- 7%) or extracellular NA (14 +/- 3%), and DA exhibited dose-independent increases to AMPH (93 +/- 8%: 1 mg/kg vs. 97 +/- 6%: 10 mg/kg) whereas NA exhibited dose-dependent increases to AMPH (24.5 +/- 6%: 1 mg/kg vs. 39 +/- 7%: 10 mg/kg). These data indicate that (i) PEA may increase CA release but less efficiently than AMPH. (ii) AMPH is more efficient on the DAergic than on the NAergic system since AMPH-induced DA release exceeded 2-4 times the AMPH-induced NA release.

The proboscis extension reflex (PER) can be elicited by applying a sucrose stimulation to the tarsus of a walking fly. This reflex decreases in frequency with repetition, presumably habituation, a nonassociative learning. If each sucrose stimulation is followed by a bitter stimulation, quinine chloride, the PER declines more rapidly, probably the result of conditioning, an associative learning. The present work shows that quinine chloride does not always inhibit PER suppressions but depends on the moment of delivery, being most effective when presented immediately after a sucrose stimulation. A bitter stimulus presented before, or simultaneously with a sucrose stimulation is less effective than habituation to sucrose alone. This experiment provides evidence for an interpretation in terms of cognitive association. The model of learning is not a Pavlovian conditioning as advanced by Medioni and Vaysse (1975), but corresponds to the punishment paradigm of Dyal and Corning (1973).