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Compared to an incisional skin or mucosal wound, a tooth extraction wound results in far more soft tissue loss. A blood clot instantly fills the gap left by the extracted tooth. An embryonic type of bone forms during the healing of extraction wounds, and mature bone only later replaces it. Osteocytes in embryonic bone, also known as coarse fibrillar bone or immature bone, differ from those in adult bone in terms of number, size, and irregular arrangement. This immature bone is more radiolucent than mature bone due to the higher cell density and the smaller volume of calcified intercellular material. The Wnt gene family contains genes that encode secreted signaling proteins that have good promise for promoting bone regeneration. However, we still have a limited understanding the interplay of the molecular elements of the Wnt pathway in signal transduction, from ligand detection on the cell surface to transcription of target genes in the nucleus. We discuss the function of Wnt signaling molecules in this review, in tissue repair following tooth extraction and present recent results about these molecules. Conclusions: Wnt signaling activity helps to hasten bone regeneration while bone healing is slowed down by mutations in LRP5/6 or β-catenin.

Objective: The study aimed to ascertain how Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis Gel affects the expression of protein dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) in alveolar Wistar rats after tooth extraction. Materials and Methods: Rats were given A. cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis gel was in the socket after tooth extraction, and then the wound was sutured. The rats were sacrificed for 8 and 15 days following tooth extraction. The results on the 8th and 15th days demonstrate that the expression of DMP-1 in the treatment group is significantly higher than in the control group. Results: Expression of DMP-1 in the socket after tooth extraction on days 8 and 15 with a 400x magnification light microscope in both of the A. cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis gel treatment groups showed significant differences compared to the control group. Conclusion: The use of A. cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis gel can stimulate DMP-1 expression in alveolar bone after tooth extraction. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(2.000): 291-295]

Background: Periapical surgery has been suggested as a treatment option for teeth with periapical lesions when those lesions continue despite receiving root canal therapy. Since sealing the apical region is the operation's primary goal, the choice of the root-end filling material affects how the surgery turns out. The retrofilling materials Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE) and Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) are both known to have antibacterial characteristics. The purpose of this study is to determine how MTA affects as a Modulator of Periapical Tissue Healing through histological examination in Rat Molar. Methods: A dental fissure bur measuring 0.7 mm is used to remove the buccal root apex from the buccal alveolar bone's surface, creating the cavity. One of the following is placed within each cavity: Group 1: MTA, Group 2: ZOE. For each material series, six samples were used. We classified the healing outcomes for each MTA and ZOE retrograde filling material into three groups based on histological analysis: the amount of newly generated bone, the number of fibroblasts, and the infiltration of neutrophils into the surgical site. Results: On the 6th day of examination, fibroblasts were seen in the area around the wound. A significant inflammatory response, including neutrophil infiltration, was seen around the ZOE after retrograde filling. On the 16th day, the new alveolar bone structure showed a slight increase. After filling the MTA on the 6th day of examination, the immediate inflammatory response was insignificant. Neutrophils were observed to enter the region surrounding the retrofilled MTA, and a small number of osteoclasts were observed to be resorbing bone. Around the wound site, fibroblasts can also be detected. On the 16th day, unlike ZOE, a lot of new bone grows close to this material. Conclusion: MTA has the ability to modulate periapical healing in rat molar.

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) not only work as enzymes but also as degrading enzymes that have been shown to play an important function in extracellular matrix (ECM) regeneration, including bone regeneration. To generate new bone tissue, bone regeneration or repair relies on a series of regulated processes in which MMPs play an important role. Bone cells express the MMPs in an active state, and these MMPs are assumed to have a crucial role, not only for the viability and functionality of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes but also for the formation and development of chondrocytes. Objective: This study aimed to review and present the roles of matrix metalloproteinases in bone regeneration. Methods: An analysis of the scientific literature on the topics of matrix metalloproteinases in bone regeneration was done on PubMed and Google Scholar. Search results were screened for articles that described or investigated the impacts matrix metalloproteinases have on bones in relation to dentistry. The journals' cited papers were also assessed for relevance and included if they complied with the criteria for inclusion. Accessibility to the full document was one of the prerequisites for admission. Result: Bone regeneration are intricate ongoing processes involving numerous MMPs, especially MMP 2, 9 and 13. MMP-2 appears to alter bone growth through influencing osteoclast and osteoblast activity and proliferation, MMP-9-deficient animals have abnormal bone formation exclusively during endochondral ossification, MMP 13 is responsible for osteoclast receptor activation, has been linked to the breakdown bone resorption. Conclusions: MMP 2, 9, and 13 play a major protective role in osteogenesis and bone regeneration.

Background: Physical exercise has been proven to accelerate wound healing. Physical training itself consists of aerobic (continuous training) and anaerobic (interval training) exercise. The effectiveness of continuous physical exercise on post-tooth extraction wound healing is the focus of this study. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the differences in post-tooth extraction wound healing in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) after aerobic and anaerobic exercise based on the number of fibroblasts and neovascularisation. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into three groups: the control group (K1); K2 undertook continuous aerobic exercise, swimming at 50% maximum swimming capacity (MSC) with an additional 3% bodyweight load; K3 undertook anaerobic continuous exercise, swimming at 65% MSC with a 6% load. The rats swam three times per week for six weeks. The number of fibroblasts and neovascularisation were examined three days after tooth extraction. Data was analysed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Least Significant Difference (LSD) tests (p

Background: Tooth extraction, a common practice among the dental profession, causes trauma to the blood vessels during the wound healing process. The acceleration of wound healing, within which fibroblasts play an important role, is influenced by nutrition. Avocado leaves contain a variety of chemicals, including flavonoid compounds, tannins, katekat, kuinon, saponin and steroids/triterpenoid. Avocado leaves also contain glycosides, cyanogenic, alkaloids and phenols which function as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant agents. This avocado leaf content could be used as an alternative medicine to accelerate the wound healing process in post-tooth extraction sockets. Purpose: To determine the role of avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill) in accelerating fibroblast cells proliferation in tooth socket post-extraction. Methods: The sample was divided into four groups, a control group and three treatment groups. The treatment groups used avocado leaf extract and 3% CMC Na solution which was inserted into the tooth sockets of Wistar rats. Both the control and treatment groups had their mandibula decapitated with all the required specimens being prepared on the 3rd and 7th days of the experiment. Mandibular decapitation and tooth extraction socket were prepared by HPA (Histology Pathology Anatomy) with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining. The fibroblast proliferation was analyzed by means of a light microscope at 400x magnification. The obtained data was analyzed using a t-Test. Result: The t-Test obtained a significance value 0.001 (p

Abstract Previous studies suggested that mastication activity can affect learning and memory function. However, most were focused on mastication impaired models by providing long-term soft diet. The effects of chewing food with various hardness, especially during the growth period, remain unknown. Objective: To analyze the difference of hippocampus function and morphology, as characterized by pyramidal cell count and BDNF expression in different mastication activities. Materials and Methods: 28-day old, post-weaned, male-Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=7); the first (K0) was fed a standard diet using pellets as the control, the second (K1) was fed soft food and the third (K2) was fed hard food. After eight weeks, the rats were decapitated, their brains were removed and placed on histological plates made to count the pyramid cells and quantify BDNF expression in the hippocampus. Data collected were compared using one-way ANOVA. Results: Results confirmed the pyramid cell count (K0=169.14±27.25; K1=130.14±29.32; K2=128.14±39.02) and BDNF expression (K0=85.27±19.78; K1=49.57±20.90; K2=36.86±28.97) of the K0 group to be significantly higher than that of K1 and K2 groups (p0.05). Conclusion: A standard diet leads to the optimum effect on hippocampus morphology. Food consistency must be appropriately suited to each development stage, in this case, hippocampus development in post-weaned period.

Background: Tooth extraction is one of treatment frequently done by dentists in clinics, hospital, and even private practices. One thing that is needed to be observed after the treatment is the speed of wound recovery process. Mengkudu is commonly used as medicinal treatments, some of them to heal wounds, but there had never been research of the use of mengkudu fruit on wound recovery after tooth extraction. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mengkudu gel in accelerating the escalation of fibroblast post tooth extraction on Dawley rats. Method: This study was used post test only control group design. Thirty male Dawley rats weigh between 250-300 grams, 3 months of age are being used. Tooth extraction is being done on lower left incisor. The 30 rats are divided into three groups, there are mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia Linn.) gel, poviclone iodine, and control group. The data were analyzed statistically using One-Way ANOVA and LSD. Result: The result of every tested group with Kolmogorof-Smirnov test showed p > 0.05. Examination showed there was significant difference in fibroblast amount between the group with mengkudu gel and two other groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The application of mengkudu gel can accelerate the escalation of fibroblast after the tooth extraction on Dawley rats.Latar Belakang: Ekstraksi gigi merupakan perawatan yang sering dilakukan oleh dokter gigi baik di klinik, rumah sakit, dan praktekpribadi. Satu hal yang perlu diperhatikan setelahpencabutan gigi adalah kecepatanpenyembuhan luka bekas cabut. Mengkudu merupakan bahan yang sering digunakan untukpengobatan, salah satu diantaranya adalah untukpenyembuhan luka, namunpenelitian untuk kesembuhan luka pasca cabut gigi yang menggunakan mengkudu belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya. Tujuan: Tujuanpenelitian ini untuk mengetahui efek gel mengkudu dalam mempercepat peningkatan jumlah fibroblas setelah pencabutan gigi tikus Dawley. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian post test only control group design. Tiga puluh ekor tikus Dawley jantan, berat 250-300 gram, usia 3 bulan. Gigi yang dicabut dilakukan pada insisif rahang bawah. Tiga puluh ekor tikus Dawley dibagi dalam tiga kelompokpenelitian, yaitu gel mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia Linn.), poviclone iodine, dan kelompok kontrol. Data sampel yang didapat dianalisa menggunakan One-Way ANOVA dan LSD. Hasil: Hasil dari tes pada masing-masing group dengan menggunakan Kolmogorof-Smirnov menunjukkan p > 0,05. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan ada perbedaan bermakna pada jumlah fibroblas antara gel mengkudu dengan 2 kelompok lain (p < 0.05). Kesimpulan: Aplikasi gel mengkudu dapat mempercepat peningkatan jumlah fibroblast setelah pencabutan gigi pada tikus Dawley.

Background: Open dentin is always covered by smear layer, therefore before restoration is performed, cavity or tooth which has been prepared should be clean from dirt. The researchers suggested that clean dentin surface would reach effective adhesion between resin and tooth structure, therefore dentin conditioner like citric acid was used to reach the condition. Even though citric acid is not strong acid but it can be very erosive to oral mucous. Several requirements should be fulfilled for dental product such as non toxic, non irritant, biocompatible and should not have negative effect against local, systemic or biological environment. Cytotoxicity test was apart of biomaterial evaluation and needed for standard screening. Purpose: This study was to know the cytotoxicity of 40, 50, 60% citric acid as dentin conditioner using MTT assay. Method: This study is an experimental research using the Post-Test Only Control Group Design. Six samples of each 40, 50 and 60% citric acid for citotoxicity test using MTT assay. The density of optic formazan indicated the number of living cells. All data were statistically analyzed by one way ANOVA. Result: The percentage of living cells in 40, 50 and 60% citric acid were 95.14%, 93.42% and 93.14%. Conclusion: Citric acid is non toxic and safe to be used as dentine conditioner.

Sweet represents the quality of taste pleased by human beings since the birth. However, if the consumption of sucrose in the diet is excessive, it can change the calcium balance of the body. The aim of this study was to know the effect from the increased sucrose concentration toward the content of calcium in tooth of wistar’s rats. The experiment used 21 days-age of male wistar rats with body weight from 45 to50 grams. They were divided into four groups, and each group consisted of 8 rats. Group I got 15% sucrose diet, group II 30%, group III 43% and group IV as a standard diet. Six weeks after treatment, these rats were anesthetized with ether and killed then by decapitation. The lower incisor was separated from jaw, the mass of each fraction was weighted. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) in mg/g was used to determine the concentration of calcium in wistar’s tooth. One Way Anava test indicated that there were significant differences between group of treatment and the content of calcium in tooth (P < 0.05). TukeyHSD (Honestly Significance Difference) test indicated that there was a significant difference at group diet of sucrose 43% in tooth. It was concluded that the increased concentration of sucrose in diet could affect the decreased content of calcium in tooth of wistar rats.

Wound healing is basically a complex process in which cellular and matrix act in concern to re-establish the integrity of injury tissues. This process can be simplified to be healing process consisted of haemostatic, inflammation, cell proliferation and tissue remodeling. The aimed of this research was to know the influence of freeze drying 90% Aloe vera application as mandible collagen density modulator in extraction socket of incisive Cavia cobaya. This research was done using Post Test Only Control Groups Design and Cavia cobaya as the sample. Six samples of each control group and 90% Aloe vera group applied to test each collagen density for three days and seven days. Then, the data was analyzed statistically using Mann Whitney with 5% significance rate. The result of the study indicates that administering 90% Aloe vera can accelerate the growth of collagen density in healing process of extraction socket. The conclusion is 90% Aloe vera can modulate the density of collageneous fiber in socket of extraction incicivus tooth wound of Cavia cobaya.