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1. The JWST-PRIMAL Legacy Survey. A JWST/NIRSpec reference sample for the physical properties and Lyman-$\alpha$ absorption and emission of $\sim 500$ galaxies at $z=5.5-13.4$

Author

Heintz, K. E., Brammer, G. B., Watson, D., Oesch, P. A., Keating, L. C., Hayes, M. J., Abdurro'uf, Arellano-Córdova, K. Z., Carnall, A. C., Christiansen, C. R., Cullen, F., Davé, R., Dayal, P., Ferrara, A., Finlator, K., Fynbo, J. P. U., Flury, S. R., Gelli, V., Gillman, S., Gottumukkala, R., Gould, K., Greve, T. R., Hardin, S. E., Hsiao, T. Y. -Y, Hutter, A., Jakobsson, P., Killi, M., Khosravaninezhad, N., Laursen, P., Lee, M. M., Magdis, G. E., Matthee, J., Naidu, R. P., Narayanan, D., Pollock, C., Prescott, M., Rusakov, V., Shuntov, M., Sneppen, A., Smit, R., Tanvir, N. R., Terp, C., Toft, S., Valentino, F., Vijayan, A. P., Weaver, J. R., Wise, J. H., and Witstok, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

One of the surprising early findings with JWST has been the discovery of a strong "roll-over" or a softening of the absorption edge of Ly$\alpha$ in a large number of galaxies at ($z\gtrsim 6$), in addition to systematic offsets from photometric redshift estimates and fundamental galaxy scaling relations. This has been interpreted as damped Ly$\alpha$ absorption (DLA) wings from high column densities of neutral atomic hydrogen (HI), signifying major gas accretion events in the formation of these galaxies. To explore this new phenomenon systematically, we assemble the JWST/NIRSpec PRImordial gas Mass AssembLy (PRIMAL) legacy survey of 494 galaxies at $z=5.5-13.4$. We characterize this benchmark sample in full and spectroscopically derive the galaxy redshifts, metallicities, star-formation rates, and ultraviolet slopes. We define a new diagnostic, the Ly$\alpha$ damping parameter $D_{\rm Ly\alpha}$ to measure and quantify the Ly$\alpha$ emission strength, HI fraction in the IGM, or local HI column density for each source. The JWST-PRIMAL survey is based on the spectroscopic DAWN JWST Archive (DJA-Spec). All the software, reduced spectra, and spectroscopically derived quantities and catalogs are made publicly available in dedicated repositories. The fraction of strong galaxy DLAs are found to be in the range $65-95\%$ at $z>5.5$. The fraction of strong Ly$\alpha$ emitters (LAEs) is found to increase with decreasing redshift, in qualitative agreement with previous observational results, and are predominantly associated with low-metallicity and UV faint galaxies. By contrast, strong DLAs are observed in galaxies with a variety of intrinsic physical properties. Our results indicate that strong DLAs likely reflect a particular early assembly phase of reionization-era galaxies, at which point they are largely dominated by pristine HI gas accretion. [abridged], Comment: 20 pages, 18 figures, 3 tables. Submitted to A&A. Comments welcome! All data and catalogs are available through the DAWN JWST Archive (DJA): https://dawn-cph.github.io/dja/ and https://github.com/keheintz/jwst-primal

Published
2024

2. Environmental drivers of increased ecosystem respiration in a warming tundra

Author

Maes, S. L., Dietrich, J., Midolo, G., Schwieger, S., Kummu, M., Vandvik, V., Aerts, R., Althuizen, I. H. J., Biasi, C., Björk, R. G., Böhner, H., Carbognani, M., Chiari, G., Christiansen, C. T., Clemmensen, K. E., Cooper, E. J., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Elberling, B., Faubert, P., Fetcher, N., Forte, T. G. W., Gaudard, J., Gavazov, K., Guan, Z., Guðmundsson, J., Gya, R., Hallin, S., Hansen, B. B., Haugum, S. V., He, J.-S., Hicks Pries, C., Hovenden, M. J., Jalava, M., Jónsdóttir, I. S., Juhanson, J., Jung, J. Y., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kwon, M. J., Lamprecht, R. E., Le Moullec, M., Lee, H., Marushchak, M. E., Michelsen, A., Munir, T. M., Myrsky, E. M., Nielsen, C. S., Nyberg, M., Olofsson, J., Óskarsson, H., Parker, T. C., Pedersen, E. P., Petit Bon, M., Petraglia, A., Raundrup, K., Ravn, N. M. R., Rinnan, R., Rodenhizer, H., Ryde, I., Schmidt, N. M., Schuur, E. A. G., Sjögersten, S., Stark, S., Strack, M., Tang, J., Tolvanen, A., Töpper, J. P., Väisänen, M. K., van Logtestijn, R. S. P., Voigt, C., Walz, J., Weedon, J. T., Yang, Y., Ylänne, H., Björkman, M. P., Sarneel, J. M., and Dorrepaal, E.

Published
2024
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3. The gas and stellar content of a metal-poor galaxy at $z=8.496$ as revealed by JWST and ALMA

Author

Heintz, K. E., Giménez-Arteaga, C., Fujimoto, S., Brammer, G., Espada, D., Gillman, S., González-López, J., Greve, T. R., Harikane, Y., Hatsukade, B., Knudsen, K. K., Koekemoer, A. M., Kohno, K., Kokorev, V., Lee, M. M., Magdis, G. E., Nelson, E. J., Rizzo, F., Sanders, R. L., Schaerer, D., Shapley, A. E., Strait, V. B., Toft, S., Valentino, F., van der Wel, A., Vijayan, A. P., Watson, D., Bauer, F. E., Christiansen, C. R., and Wilson, S. N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a joint analysis of the galaxy S04590 at $z=8.496$ based on NIRSpec, NIRCam, and NIRISS observations obtained through as part of Early Release Observations programme of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the far-infrared [CII]-$158\mu$m emission line detected by dedicated Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations. We determine the physical properties of S04590 from modelling of the spectral energy distribution (SED) and through the redshifted optical nebular emission lines detected with JWST/NIRSpec. The best-fit SED model reveals a low-mass ($M_\star = 10^{7.2}-10^{8}\,M_{\odot}$) galaxy with a low oxygen abundance of $12+\log{\rm (O/H)} = 7.16^{+0.10}_{-0.12}$ derived from the strong nebular and auroral emission lines. Assuming that [CII] effectively traces the interstellar medium (ISM), we estimate the total gas mass of the galaxy to be $M_{\rm gas} = (8.0\pm 4.0)\times 10^{8}\,M_\odot$ based on the luminosity and spatial extent of [CII]. This yields an exceptionally high gas fraction, $f_{\rm gas} = M_{\rm gas}/(M_{\rm gas} + M_\star) \gtrsim 90\%$, though still consistent within the range expected for its low metallicity. We further derive the metal mass of the galaxy based on the gas mass and gas-phase metallicity, which we find to be consistent with the expected metal production from Type II supernovae. Finally, we make the first constraints on the dust-to-gas (DTG) and dust-to-metals (DTM) ratios of galaxies in the epoch of reionization at $z\gtrsim 6$, showing overall low mass ratios of logDGT $<-3.8$ and logDTM $<-0.5$, though consistent with local scaling relations and in particular the local metal-poor galaxy I Zwicky 18. Our analysis highlights the synergy between ALMA and JWST in characterizing the gas, metal, and stellar content of the first generation of galaxies., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJL

Published
2022
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4. Previous fracture and subsequent fracture risk: a meta-analysis to update FRAX

Author

Kanis, J.A., Johansson, H., McCloskey, E.V., Liu, E., Åkesson, K.E., Anderson, F.A., Azagra, R., Bager, C.L., Beaudart, C., Bischoff-Ferrari, H.A., Biver, E., Bruyère, O., Cauley, J.A., Center, J.R., Chapurlat, R., Christiansen, C., Cooper, C., Crandall, C.J., Cummings, S.R., da Silva, J.A.P., Dawson-Hughes, B., Diez-Perez, A., Dufour, A.B., Eisman, J.A., Elders, P.J.M., Ferrari, S., Fujita, Y., Fujiwara, S., Glüer, C.-C., Goldshtein, I., Goltzman, D., Gudnason, V., Hall, J., Hans, D., Hoff, M., Hollick, R.J., Huisman, M., Iki, M., Ish-Shalom, S., Jones, G., Karlsson, M.K., Khosla, S., Kiel, D.P., Koh, W.-P., Koromani, F., Kotowicz, M.A., Kröger, H., Kwok, T., Lamy, O., Langhammer, A., Larijani, B., Lippuner, K., Mellström, D., Merlijn, T., Nordström, A., Nordström, P., O’Neill, T.W., Obermayer-Pietsch, B., Ohlsson, C., Orwoll, E.S., Pasco, J.A., Rivadeneira, F., Schott, A.-M., Shiroma, E.J., Siggeirsdottir, K., Simonsick, E.M., Sornay-Rendu, E., Sund, R., Swart, K.M.A., Szulc, P., Tamaki, J., Torgerson, D.J., van Schoor, N.M., van Staa, T.P., Vila, J., Wareham, N.J., Wright, N.C., Yoshimura, N., Zillikens, M.C., Zwart, M., Vandenput, L., Harvey, N.C., Lorentzon, M., and Leslie, W.D.

Published
2023
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6. Spectroscopic classification of a complete sample of astrometrically-selected quasar candidates using Gaia DR2

Author

Heintz, K. E., Fynbo, J. P. U., Geier, S. J., Møller, P., Krogager, J. -K., Konstantopoulou, C., de Burgos, A., Christensen, L., Steinhardt, C. L., Milvang-Jensen, B., Jakobsson, P., Høg, E., Arvedlund, B. E. H. K., Christiansen, C. R., Hansen, T. B., Henriksen, P. D., Kuszon, K. B., McKenzie, I. B., Mosekjær, K. A., Paulsen, M. F. K., Sukstorf, M. N., Wilson, S. N., and Ørgaard, S. K. K.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Here we explore the efficiency and fidelity of a purely astrometric selection of quasars as point sources with zero proper motions in the {\it Gaia} data release 2 (DR2). We have built a complete candidate sample including 104 Gaia-DR2 point sources brighter than $G<20$ mag within one degree of the north Galactic pole (NGP), all with proper motions consistent with zero within 2$\sigma$ uncertainty. In addition to pre-existing spectra, we have secured long-slit spectroscopy of all the remaining candidates and find that all 104 stationary point sources in the field can be classified as either quasars (63) or stars (41). The selection efficiency of the zero-proper-motion criterion at high Galactic latitudes is thus $\approx 60\%$. Based on this complete quasar sample we examine the basic properties of the underlying quasar population within the imposed limiting magnitude. We find that the surface density of quasars is 20 deg$^{-2}$, the redshift distribution peaks at $z\sim1.5$, and that only eight systems ($13^{+5}_{-3}\%$) show significant dust reddening. We then explore the selection efficiency of commonly used optical, near- and mid-infrared quasar identification techniques and find that they are all complete at the $85-90\%$ level compared to the astrometric selection. Finally, we discuss how the astrometric selection can be improved to an efficiency of $\approx70\%$ by including an additional cut requiring parallaxes of the candidates to be consistent with zero within 2$\sigma$. The selection efficiency will further increase with the release of future, more sensitive astrometric measurement from the Gaia mission. This type of selection, purely based on the astrometry of the quasar candidates, is unbiased in terms of colours and emission mechanisms of the quasars and thus provides the most complete census of the quasar population within the limiting magnitude of Gaia., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. Abstract abridged

Published
2020
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7. Biochemical markers identify influences on bone and cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis - the effect of sex, Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) score, Body Mass Index (BMI), oral salmon calcitonin (sCT) treatment and diurnal variation

Author

Henriksen K, Bay-Jensen AC, Byrjalsen I, Karsdal MA, Riis BJ, and Christiansen C

Subjects
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract

Abstract Background Osteoarthritis (OA) involves changes in both bone and cartilage. These processes might be associated under some circumstances. This study investigated correlations between bone and cartilage degradation in patients with OA as a function of sex, Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) score, Body Mass Index (BMI), oral salmon calcitonin (sCT) treatment and diurnal variation. Methods This study was a 2-week, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized study including 37 postmenopausal women and 36 men, aged 57-75 years, with painful knee OA, and a KL-score of I - III. Subjects were allocated to one of three treatment arms: 0.6 mg or 0.8 mg oral sCT, or placebo given twice-daily for 14 days. Correlations between gender, KL score, or BMI and the bone resorption marker, serum C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I (CTX-I), or the cartilage degradation marker, urine C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type II (CTX-II) were investigated. Results At baseline, biomarkers indicated women with OA experienced higher bone and cartilage degradation than men. CTX-I levels were significantly higher, and CTX-II levels only marginally higher, in women than in men (p = 0.04 and p = 0.06, respectively). Increasing KL score was not correlated with bone resorption, but was significantly associated with the cartilage degradation CTX-II marker in both men and women (p = 0.007). BMI was significantly and negatively correlated to the bone resorption marker CTX-I, r = -0.40 (p = 0.002), but showed only a borderline positive correlation to CTX-II, r = 0.25 (p = 0.12). Before morning treatments on days 1 and 14, no correlation was seen between CTX-I and CTX-II in either the sCT or placebo group. However, oral sCT and food intake induced a clear correlation between these bone and cartilage degradation markers. Four hours after the first sCT dose on treatment days 1 and 14, a significant correlation (r = 0.71, p < 0.001) between changes in both CTX-I and CTX-II was seen. In the placebo group a weakly significant correlation between changes in both markers was found on day 1 (r = 0.49, p = 0.02), but not on day 14. Conclusion Bone resorption was higher in females than males, while cartilage degradation was correlated with increasing KL-score and only weakly associated with BMI. Bone and cartilage degradation were not correlated in untreated individuals, but dosing with oral sCT with or without food, and a mid-day meal, decreased bone and cartilage degradation and induced a correlation between both markers. Changes in bone and cartilage markers may aid in the identification of potential new treatment opportunities for OA. Trial Registration Clinical trial registration number (EUDRACT2006-005532-24 & NCT00486369)

Published
2010
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8. Tibolone inhibits bone resorption without secondary positive effects on cartilage degradation

Author

Byrjalsen I, Karsdal MA, Leeming DJ, and Christiansen C

Subjects
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract

Abstract Background Osteoarthritis is associated with increased bone resorption and increased cartilage degradation in the subchondral bone and joint. The objective of the present study was to determine whether Tibolone, a synthetic steroid with estrogenic, androgenic, and progestogenic properties, would have similar dual actions on both bone and cartilage turnover, as reported previously with some SERMS and HRT. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of ninety-one healthy postmenopausal women aged 52–75 yrs entered a 2-yr double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of treatment with either 1.25 mg/day (n = 36), or 2.5 mg/day Tibolone (n = 35), or placebo (n = 20), (J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996 Jul;81(7):2419–22) Second void morning urine samples were collected at baseline, and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Urine CrossLaps® ELISA (CTX-I) and Urine CartiLaps® ELISA (CTX-II) was investigated as markers of bone resorption and cartilage degradation, respectively. Results Tibolone significantly (P < 0.001) suppressed bone resorption by approximately 60%. In contrast, no effect was observed on cartilage degradation. Conclusion These data suggest uncoupling of the bone and cartilage effects of the synthetic steroid, Tibolone. Bone resorption was significantly decreased, whereas cartilage degradation was unchanged. These effects are in contrast to those observed some SERMs with effects on both bone and cartilage degradation. These effects may in part be described by the complicated pharmacology of Tibolone on testosterone, estrogen and progesterone receptors.

Published
2008
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9. Update of the fracture risk prediction tool FRAX: a systematic review of potential cohorts and analysis plan

Author

Vandenput, L., Johansson, H., McCloskey, E. V., Liu, E., Åkesson, K. E., Anderson, F. A., Azagra, R., Bager, C. L., Beaudart, C., Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Biver, E., Bruyère, O., Cauley, J. A., Center, J. R., Chapurlat, R., Christiansen, C., Cooper, C., Crandall, C. J., Cummings, S. R., da Silva, J. A. P., Dawson-Hughes, B., Diez-Perez, A., Dufour, A. B., Eisman, J. A., Elders, P. J. M., Ferrari, S., Fujita, Y., Fujiwara, S., Glüer, C.-C., Goldshtein, I., Goltzman, D., Gudnason, V., Hall, J., Hans, D., Hoff, M., Hollick, R. J., Huisman, M., Iki, M., Ish-Shalom, S., Jones, G., Karlsson, M. K., Khosla, S., Kiel, D. P., Koh, W.-P., Koromani, F., Kotowicz, M. A., Kröger, H., Kwok, T., Lamy, O., Langhammer, A., Larijani, B., Lippuner, K., Mellström, D., Merlijn, T., Nordström, A., Nordström, P., O’Neill, T. W., Obermayer-Pietsch, B., Ohlsson, C., Orwoll, E. S., Pasco, J. A., Rivadeneira, F., Schei, B., Schott, A.-M., Shiroma, E. J., Siggeirsdottir, K., Simonsick, E. M., Sornay-Rendu, E., Sund, R., Swart, K. M. A., Szulc, P., Tamaki, J., Torgerson, D. J., van Schoor, N. M., van Staa, T. P., Vila, J., Wareham, N. J., Wright, N. C., Yoshimura, N., Zillikens, M. C., Zwart, M., Harvey, N. C., Lorentzon, M., Leslie, W. D., and Kanis, J. A.

Published
2022
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10. A meta-analysis of previous falls and subsequent fracture risk in cohort studies.

Author

Vandenput, L, Johansson, H, McCloskey, EV, Liu, E, Schini, M, Åkesson, KE, Anderson, FA, Azagra, R, Bager, CL, Beaudart, C, Bischoff-Ferrari, HA, Biver, E, Bruyère, O, Cauley, JA, Center, JR, Chapurlat, R, Christiansen, C, Cooper, C, Crandall, CJ, Cummings, SR, da Silva, JAP, Dawson-Hughes, B, Diez-Perez, A, Dufour, AB, Eisman, JA, Elders, PJM, Ferrari, S, Fujita, Y, Fujiwara, S, Glüer, C-C, Goldshtein, I, Goltzman, D, Gudnason, V, Hall, J, Hans, D, Hoff, M, Hollick, RJ, Huisman, M, Iki, M, Ish-Shalom, S, Jones, G, Karlsson, MK, Khosla, S, Kiel, DP, Koh, W-P, Koromani, F, Kotowicz, MA, Kröger, H, Kwok, T, Lamy, O, Langhammer, A, Larijani, B, Lippuner, K, McGuigan, FEA, Mellström, D, Merlijn, T, Nguyen, TV, Nordström, A, Nordström, P, O'Neill, TW, Obermayer-Pietsch, B, Ohlsson, C, Orwoll, ES, Pasco, JA, Rivadeneira, F, Schott, A-M, Shiroma, EJ, Siggeirsdottir, K, Simonsick, EM, Sornay-Rendu, E, Sund, R, Swart, KMA, Szulc, P, Tamaki, J, Torgerson, DJ, van Schoor, NM, van Staa, TP, Vila, J, Wareham, NJ, Wright, NC, Yoshimura, N, Zillikens, M, Zwart, M, Harvey, NC, Lorentzon, M, Leslie, WD, Kanis, JA, Vandenput, L, Johansson, H, McCloskey, EV, Liu, E, Schini, M, Åkesson, KE, Anderson, FA, Azagra, R, Bager, CL, Beaudart, C, Bischoff-Ferrari, HA, Biver, E, Bruyère, O, Cauley, JA, Center, JR, Chapurlat, R, Christiansen, C, Cooper, C, Crandall, CJ, Cummings, SR, da Silva, JAP, Dawson-Hughes, B, Diez-Perez, A, Dufour, AB, Eisman, JA, Elders, PJM, Ferrari, S, Fujita, Y, Fujiwara, S, Glüer, C-C, Goldshtein, I, Goltzman, D, Gudnason, V, Hall, J, Hans, D, Hoff, M, Hollick, RJ, Huisman, M, Iki, M, Ish-Shalom, S, Jones, G, Karlsson, MK, Khosla, S, Kiel, DP, Koh, W-P, Koromani, F, Kotowicz, MA, Kröger, H, Kwok, T, Lamy, O, Langhammer, A, Larijani, B, Lippuner, K, McGuigan, FEA, Mellström, D, Merlijn, T, Nguyen, TV, Nordström, A, Nordström, P, O'Neill, TW, Obermayer-Pietsch, B, Ohlsson, C, Orwoll, ES, Pasco, JA, Rivadeneira, F, Schott, A-M, Shiroma, EJ, Siggeirsdottir, K, Simonsick, EM, Sornay-Rendu, E, Sund, R, Swart, KMA, Szulc, P, Tamaki, J, Torgerson, DJ, van Schoor, NM, van Staa, TP, Vila, J, Wareham, NJ, Wright, NC, Yoshimura, N, Zillikens, M, Zwart, M, Harvey, NC, Lorentzon, M, Leslie, WD, and Kanis, JA

Abstract

UNLABELLED: The relationship between self-reported falls and fracture risk was estimated in an international meta-analysis of individual-level data from 46 prospective cohorts. Previous falls were associated with an increased fracture risk in women and men and should be considered as an additional risk factor in the FRAX® algorithm. INTRODUCTION: Previous falls are a well-documented risk factor for subsequent fracture but have not yet been incorporated into the FRAX algorithm. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in an international meta-analysis, the association between previous falls and subsequent fracture risk and its relation to sex, age, duration of follow-up, and bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS: The resource comprised 906,359 women and men (66.9% female) from 46 prospective cohorts. Previous falls were uniformly defined as any fall occurring during the previous year in 43 cohorts; the remaining three cohorts had a different question construct. The association between previous falls and fracture risk (any clinical fracture, osteoporotic fracture, major osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture) was examined using an extension of the Poisson regression model in each cohort and each sex, followed by random-effects meta-analyses of the weighted beta coefficients. RESULTS: Falls in the past year were reported in 21.4% of individuals. During a follow-up of 9,102,207 person-years, 87,352 fractures occurred of which 19,509 were hip fractures. A previous fall was associated with a significantly increased risk of any clinical fracture both in women (hazard ratio (HR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-1.51) and men (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.41-1.67). The HRs were of similar magnitude for osteoporotic, major osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture. Sex significantly modified the association between previous fall and fracture risk, with predictive values being higher in men than in women (e.g., for major osteoporotic fracture, HR 1.53 (95% CI 1.27-1.84) in men vs. HR 1

Published
2024

11. A meta-analysis of previous falls and subsequent fracture risk in cohort studies

Author

Vandenput, L., Johansson, H., McCloskey, E. V., Liu, E., Schini, M., Åkesson, K.E., Anderson, F. A., Azagra, R., Bager, C. L., Beaudart, C., Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Biver, E., Bruyère, O., Cauley, J. A., Center, J. R., Chapurlat, R., Christiansen, C., Cooper, C., Crandall, C. J., Cummings, S. R., da Silva, J. A. P., Dawson-Hughes, B., Diez-Perez, A., Dufour, A. B., Eisman, J. A., Elders, P. J. M., Ferrari, S., Fujita, Y., Fujiwara, S., Glüer, C. -C, Goldshtein, I., Goltzman, D., Gudnason, V., Hall, J., Hans, D., Hoff, M., Hollick, R. J., Huisman, M., Iki, M., Ish-Shalom, S., Jones, G., Karlsson, M. K., Khosla, S., Kiel, D. P., Koh, W. -P, Koromani, F., Kotowicz, M. A., Kröger, H., Kwok, T., Lamy, O., Langhammer, A., Larijani, B., Lippuner, K., McGuigan, F. E. A., Mellström, D., Merlijn, T., Nguyen, T. V., Nordström, Anna, Nordström, P., O’Neill, T. W., Obermayer-Pietsch, B., Ohlsson, C., Orwoll, E. S., Pasco, J. A., Rivadeneira, F., Schott, A. -M, Shiroma, E. J., Siggeirsdottir, K., Simonsick, E. M., Sornay-Rendu, E., Sund, R., Swart, K. M. A., Szulc, P., Tamaki, J., Torgerson, D. J., van Schoor, N. M., van Staa, T. P., Vila, J., Wareham, N. J., Wright, N. C., Yoshimura, N., Zillikens, M. C., Zwart, M., Harvey, N. C., Lorentzon, M., Leslie, W. D., Kanis, J. A., Vandenput, L., Johansson, H., McCloskey, E. V., Liu, E., Schini, M., Åkesson, K.E., Anderson, F. A., Azagra, R., Bager, C. L., Beaudart, C., Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Biver, E., Bruyère, O., Cauley, J. A., Center, J. R., Chapurlat, R., Christiansen, C., Cooper, C., Crandall, C. J., Cummings, S. R., da Silva, J. A. P., Dawson-Hughes, B., Diez-Perez, A., Dufour, A. B., Eisman, J. A., Elders, P. J. M., Ferrari, S., Fujita, Y., Fujiwara, S., Glüer, C. -C, Goldshtein, I., Goltzman, D., Gudnason, V., Hall, J., Hans, D., Hoff, M., Hollick, R. J., Huisman, M., Iki, M., Ish-Shalom, S., Jones, G., Karlsson, M. K., Khosla, S., Kiel, D. P., Koh, W. -P, Koromani, F., Kotowicz, M. A., Kröger, H., Kwok, T., Lamy, O., Langhammer, A., Larijani, B., Lippuner, K., McGuigan, F. E. A., Mellström, D., Merlijn, T., Nguyen, T. V., Nordström, Anna, Nordström, P., O’Neill, T. W., Obermayer-Pietsch, B., Ohlsson, C., Orwoll, E. S., Pasco, J. A., Rivadeneira, F., Schott, A. -M, Shiroma, E. J., Siggeirsdottir, K., Simonsick, E. M., Sornay-Rendu, E., Sund, R., Swart, K. M. A., Szulc, P., Tamaki, J., Torgerson, D. J., van Schoor, N. M., van Staa, T. P., Vila, J., Wareham, N. J., Wright, N. C., Yoshimura, N., Zillikens, M. C., Zwart, M., Harvey, N. C., Lorentzon, M., Leslie, W. D., and Kanis, J. A.

Abstract

Summary: The relationship between self-reported falls and fracture risk was estimated in an international meta-analysis of individual-level data from 46 prospective cohorts. Previous falls were associated with an increased fracture risk in women and men and should be considered as an additional risk factor in the FRAX® algorithm. Introduction: Previous falls are a well-documented risk factor for subsequent fracture but have not yet been incorporated into the FRAX algorithm. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in an international meta-analysis, the association between previous falls and subsequent fracture risk and its relation to sex, age, duration of follow-up, and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: The resource comprised 906,359 women and men (66.9% female) from 46 prospective cohorts. Previous falls were uniformly defined as any fall occurring during the previous year in 43 cohorts; the remaining three cohorts had a different question construct. The association between previous falls and fracture risk (any clinical fracture, osteoporotic fracture, major osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture) was examined using an extension of the Poisson regression model in each cohort and each sex, followed by random-effects meta-analyses of the weighted beta coefficients. Results: Falls in the past year were reported in 21.4% of individuals. During a follow-up of 9,102,207 person-years, 87,352 fractures occurred of which 19,509 were hip fractures. A previous fall was associated with a significantly increased risk of any clinical fracture both in women (hazard ratio (HR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33–1.51) and men (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.41–1.67). The HRs were of similar magnitude for osteoporotic, major osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture. Sex significantly modified the association between previous fall and fracture risk, with predictive values being higher in men than in women (e.g., for major osteoporotic fracture, HR 1.53 (95% CI 1.27–1.84) in men vs. HR 1.32

Published
2024
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12. Reading tea leaves worldwide: Decoupled drivers of initial litter decomposition mass‐loss rate and stabilization

Author

Sarneel, J., Hefting, M., Sandén, T., van den Hoogen, J., Routh, D., Adhikari, B., Alatalo, J., Aleksanyan, A., Althuizen, I., Alsafran, M., Atkins, J., Augusto, L., Aurela, M., Azarov, A., Barrio, I., Beier, C., Bejarano, M., Benham, S., Berg, B., Bezler, N., Björnsdóttir, K., Bolinder, M., Carbognani, M., Cazzolla Gatti, R., Chelli, S., Chistotin, M., Christiansen, C., Courtois, P., Crowther, T., Dechoum, M., Djukic, I., Duddigan, S., Egerton‐Warburton, L., Fanin, N., Fantappiè, M., Fares, S., Fernandes, G., Filippova, N., Fliessbach, A., Fuentes, D., Godoy, R., Grünwald, T., Guzmán, G., Hawes, J., He, Y., Hero, J.‐M., Hess, L., Hogendoorn, K., Høye, T., Jans, W., Jónsdóttir, I., Keller, S., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Kuz'menko, N., Larsen, K., Laudon, H., Lembrechts, J., Li, J., Limousin, J.‐M., Lukin, S., Marques, R., Marín, C., McDaniel, M., Meek, Q., Merzlaya, G., Michelsen, A., Montagnani, L., Mueller, P., Murugan, R., Myers‐Smith, I., Nolte, S., Ochoa‐Hueso, R., Okafor, B., Okorkov, V., Onipchenko, V., Orozco, M., Parkhurst, T., Peres, C., Petit Bon, M., Petraglia, A., Pingel, M., Rebmann, C., Scheffers, B., Schmidt, I., Scholes, M., Sheffer, E., Shevtsova, L., Smith, S., Sofo, A., Stevenson, P., Strouhalová, B., Sundsdal, A., Sühs, R., Tamene, G., Thomas, H., Tolunay, D., Tomaselli, M., Tresch, S., Tucker, D., Ulyshen, M., Valdecantos, A., Vandvik, V., Vanguelova, E., Verheyen, K., Wang, X., Yahdjian, L., Yumashev, X., Keuskamp, J., Sarneel, J., Hefting, M., Sandén, T., van den Hoogen, J., Routh, D., Adhikari, B., Alatalo, J., Aleksanyan, A., Althuizen, I., Alsafran, M., Atkins, J., Augusto, L., Aurela, M., Azarov, A., Barrio, I., Beier, C., Bejarano, M., Benham, S., Berg, B., Bezler, N., Björnsdóttir, K., Bolinder, M., Carbognani, M., Cazzolla Gatti, R., Chelli, S., Chistotin, M., Christiansen, C., Courtois, P., Crowther, T., Dechoum, M., Djukic, I., Duddigan, S., Egerton‐Warburton, L., Fanin, N., Fantappiè, M., Fares, S., Fernandes, G., Filippova, N., Fliessbach, A., Fuentes, D., Godoy, R., Grünwald, T., Guzmán, G., Hawes, J., He, Y., Hero, J.‐M., Hess, L., Hogendoorn, K., Høye, T., Jans, W., Jónsdóttir, I., Keller, S., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Kuz'menko, N., Larsen, K., Laudon, H., Lembrechts, J., Li, J., Limousin, J.‐M., Lukin, S., Marques, R., Marín, C., McDaniel, M., Meek, Q., Merzlaya, G., Michelsen, A., Montagnani, L., Mueller, P., Murugan, R., Myers‐Smith, I., Nolte, S., Ochoa‐Hueso, R., Okafor, B., Okorkov, V., Onipchenko, V., Orozco, M., Parkhurst, T., Peres, C., Petit Bon, M., Petraglia, A., Pingel, M., Rebmann, C., Scheffers, B., Schmidt, I., Scholes, M., Sheffer, E., Shevtsova, L., Smith, S., Sofo, A., Stevenson, P., Strouhalová, B., Sundsdal, A., Sühs, R., Tamene, G., Thomas, H., Tolunay, D., Tomaselli, M., Tresch, S., Tucker, D., Ulyshen, M., Valdecantos, A., Vandvik, V., Vanguelova, E., Verheyen, K., Wang, X., Yahdjian, L., Yumashev, X., and Keuskamp, J.

Abstract

The breakdown of plant material fuels soil functioning and biodiversity. Currently, process understanding of global decomposition patterns and the drivers of such patterns are hampered by the lack of coherent large-scale datasets. We buried 36,000 individual litterbags (tea bags) worldwide and found an overall negative correlation between initial mass-loss rates and stabilization factors of plant-derived carbon, using the Tea Bag Index (TBI). The stabilization factor quantifies the degree to which easy-to-degrade components accumulate during early-stage decomposition (e.g. by environmental limitations). However, agriculture and an interaction between moisture and temperature led to a decoupling between initial mass-loss rates and stabilization, notably in colder locations. Using TBI improved mass-loss estimates of natural litter compared to models that ignored stabilization. Ignoring the transformation of dead plant material to more recalcitrant substances during early-stage decomposition, and the environmental control of this transformation, could overestimate carbon losses during early decomposition in carbon cycle models.

Published
2024
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13. A Fecal Metabolite Signature of Impaired Fasting Glucose: Results From Two Independent Population-Based Cohorts

Author

Nogal, A, Tettamanzi, F, Dong, Q, Louca, P, Visconti, A, Christiansen, C, Breuninger, T, Linseisen, J, Grallert, H, Wawro, N, Asnicar, F, Wong, K, Baleanu, A, Michelotti, G, Segata, N, Falchi, M, Peters, A, Franks, P, Bagnardi, V, Spector, T, Bell, J, Gieger, C, Valdes, A, Menni, C, Nogal A., Tettamanzi F., Dong Q., Louca P., Visconti A., Christiansen C., Breuninger T., Linseisen J., Grallert H., Wawro N., Asnicar F., Wong K., Baleanu A. -F., Michelotti G. A., Segata N., Falchi M., Peters A., Franks P. W., Bagnardi V., Spector T. D., Bell J. T., Gieger C., Valdes A. M., Menni C., Nogal, A, Tettamanzi, F, Dong, Q, Louca, P, Visconti, A, Christiansen, C, Breuninger, T, Linseisen, J, Grallert, H, Wawro, N, Asnicar, F, Wong, K, Baleanu, A, Michelotti, G, Segata, N, Falchi, M, Peters, A, Franks, P, Bagnardi, V, Spector, T, Bell, J, Gieger, C, Valdes, A, Menni, C, Nogal A., Tettamanzi F., Dong Q., Louca P., Visconti A., Christiansen C., Breuninger T., Linseisen J., Grallert H., Wawro N., Asnicar F., Wong K., Baleanu A. -F., Michelotti G. A., Segata N., Falchi M., Peters A., Franks P. W., Bagnardi V., Spector T. D., Bell J. T., Gieger C., Valdes A. M., and Menni C.

Abstract

Prediabetes is a metabolic condition associated with gut mi-crobiome composition, although mechanisms remain elu-sive. We searched for fecal metabolites, a readout of gut microbiome function, associated with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in 142 individuals with IFG and 1,105 healthy individuals from the UK Adult Twin Registry (TwinsUK). We used the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) cohort (318 IFG individuals, 689 healthy individuals) to replicate our findings. We linearly combined eight IFG-positively associated metabolites (1-methylxantine, nicoti-nate, glucuronate, uridine, cholesterol, serine, caffeine, and protoporphyrin IX) into an IFG-metabolite score, which was significantly associated with higher odds ratios (ORs) for IFG (TwinsUK: OR 3.9 [95% CI 3.02–5.02], P < 0.0001, KORA: OR 1.3 [95% CI 1.16–1.52], P < 0.0001) and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D; TwinsUK: hazard ratio 4 [95% CI 1.97–8], P = 0.0002). Although these are host-produced me-tabolites, we found that the gut microbiome is strongly associated with their fecal levels (area under the curve >70%). Abundances of Faecalibacillus intestinalis, Dorea formicigenerans, Ruminococcus torques, and Dorea sp. AF24-7LB were positively associated with IFG, and such associations were partially mediated by 1-methylxanthine and nicotinate (variance accounted for mean 14.4% [SD 5.1], P < 0.05). Our results suggest that the gut microbiome is linked to prediabetes not only via the production of microbial metabolites but also by affecting intestinal absorption/excretion of host-produced metabolites and xenobiotics, which are correlated with the risk of IFG. Fecal metabolites enable modeling of another mechanism of gut microbiome effect on prediabetes and T2D onset.

Published
2023

15. Novel DNA methylation signatures of tobacco smoking with trans-ethnic effects

Author

Christiansen, C., Castillo-Fernandez, J. E., Domingo-Relloso, A., Zhao, W., El-Sayed Moustafa, J. S., Tsai, P.-C., Maddock, J., Haack, K., Cole, S. A., Kardia, S. L. R., Molokhia, M., Suderman, M., Power, C., Relton, C., Wong, A., Kuh, D., Goodman, A., Small, K. S., Smith, J. A., Tellez-Plaza, M., Navas-Acien, A., Ploubidis, G. B., Hardy, R., and Bell, J. T.

Published
2021
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17. EE215 Estimation of 10-Year Healthcare Costs of Patients Diagnosed With Myeloproliferative Neoplasms in Denmark

Author

Stenling, A., primary, Friis Christensen, S., additional, Skovgaard Svingel, L., additional, Kjærsgaard, A., additional, Paulsson, B., additional, Lykkegaard Andersen, C., additional, Fynbo Christiansen, C., additional, Stentoft, J., additional, Starklint, J., additional, Tang Severinsen, M., additional, Borg Clausen, M., additional, Hagemann Hilsøe, M., additional, Hasselbalch, H.C., additional, Mikkelsen, E.M., additional, and Bak, M., additional

Published
2023
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18. Evidence of Collective Charge Behavior in the Insulating State of Ultrathin Films of Superconducting Metals

Author

Christiansen, C., Hernandez, L. M., and Goldman, A. M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
Abstract

Nonlinear I-V characteristics have been observed in insulating quench-condensed films which are locally superconducting. We suggest an interpretation in terms of the enhancement of conduction by the depinning of a Cooper pair charge density wave, Cooper pair crystal, or Cooper pair glass that may characterize the insulating regime of locally superconducting films. We propose that this is a more likely description than the Coulomb blockade or charge-anticharge unbinding phenomena., Comment: 4 pages text, 3 figures

Published
2001
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19. Electric Field Effect in Ultrathin Films near the Superconductor-Insulator Transition

Author

Markovic, N., Christiansen, C., Martinez-Arizala, G., and Goldman, A. M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
Abstract

The effect of an electric field on the conductance of ultrathin films of metals deposited on substrates coated with a thin layer of amorphous Ge was investigated. A contribution to the conductance modulation symmetric with respect to the polarity of the applied electric field was found in regimes in which there was no sign of glassy behavior. For films with thicknesses that put them on the insulating side of the superconductor-insulator transition, the conductance increased with electric field, whereas for films that were becoming superconducting it decreased. Application of magnetic fields to the latter, which reduce the transition temperature and ultimately quench superconductivity, changed the sign of the reponse of the conductance to electric field back to that found for insulators. We propose that this symmetric response to capacitive charging is a consequence of changes in the conductance of the a-Ge layer, and is not a fundamental property of the physics of the superconductor-insulator transition as previously suggested., Comment: 4 pages text, 4 figures

Published
2001
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21. Anomalous Hopping Exponents of Ultrathin Films of Metals

Author

Markovic, N., Christiansen, C., Grupp, D. E., Mack, A. M., Martinez-Arizala, G., and Goldman, A. M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
Abstract

The temperature dependence of the resistance R(T) of ultrathin quench-condensed films of Ag, Bi, Pb and Pd has been investigated. In the most resistive films, R(T)=Roexp(To/T)^x, where x=0.75. Surprisingly, the exponent x was found to be constant for a wide range of Ro and To in all four materials, possibly implying a consistent underlying conduction mechanism. The results are discussed in terms of several different models of hopping conduction., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures

Published
2000
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22. The Superconductor-Insulator Transition in 2D

Author

Markovic, N., Christiansen, C., Mack, A. M., Huber, W. H., and Goldman, A. M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
Abstract

The superconductor-insulator transition of ultrathin films of bismuth, grown on liquid helium cooled substrates, has been studied. The transition was tuned by changing both film thickness and perpendicular magnetic field. Assuming that the transition is controlled by a T=0 critical point, a finite size scaling analysis was carried out to determine the correlation length exponent v and the dynamical critical exponent z. The phase diagram and the critical resistance have been studied as a function of film thickness and magnetic field. The results are discussed in terms of bosonic models of the superconductor-insulator transition, as well as the percolation models which predict finite dissipation at T=0., Comment: 9 pages, 11 figures

Published
1999

23. Thickness-Magnetic Field Phase Diagram at the Superconductor-Insulator Transition in 2D

Author

Markovic, N., Christiansen, C., and Goldman, A. M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

The superconductor-insulator transition in ultrathin films of amorphous Bi was tuned by changing the film thickness, with and without an applied magnetic field. The first experimentally obtained phase diagram is mapped as a function of thickness and magnetic field in the T=0 limit. A finite size scaling analysis has been carried out to determine the critical exponent product vz, which was found to be 1.2 for the zero field transition, and 1.4 for the finite field transition. Both results are different from the exponents found for the magnetic field tuned transition in the same system, 0.7., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures

Published
1998
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24. New Universality Class at the Magnetic Field Tuned Superconductor-Insulator Transition?

Author

Markovic, N., Christiansen, C., and Goldman, A. M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

The superconductor-insulator transition in ultrathin films of amorphous Bi was tuned by an applied magnetic field. A finite size scaling analysis has been carried out to determine the critical exponent product vz=0.7 for five films of different thicknesses and normal state resistances. This result differs from the exponents found in previous experiments on InOx and MoGe films. We discuss several possible reasons for this disagreement., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures

Published
1998

25. Evidence of a T=0 Quantum Critical Point Associated with the Crossover from Weak to Strong Localization

Author

Mack, A. M., Markovic, N., Christiansen, C., Martinez-Arizala, G., and Goldman, A. M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
Abstract

A crossover between logarithmic and exponential temperature dependence of the conductance (weak and strong localization) has been observed in ultrathin films of metals deposited onto substrates held at liquid helium temperatures. The resistance at the crossover is well defined by the onset of a nearly linear dependence of conductance on thickness at fixed temperature in a sequence of in situ evaporated films. The results of a finite size scaling analysis treating thickness as a control parameter suggest the existence of a T=0 quantum critical point which we suggest is a charge, or electron glass melting transition., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures

Published
1998

26. Evidence of Vortices on the Insulating Side of the Superconductor-Insulator Transition

Author

Markovic, N., Mack, A. M., Martinez-Arizala, G., Christiansen, C., and Goldman, A. M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

The magnetoresistance of ultrathin insulating films of Bi has been studied with magnetic fields applied parallel and perpendicular to the plane of the sample. Deep in the strongly localized regime, the magnetoresistance is negative and independent of field orientation. As film thicknesses increase, the magnetoresistance becomes positive, and a difference between values measured in perpendicular and parallel fields appears, which is a linear function of the magnetic field and is positive. This is not consistent with the quantum interference picture. We suggest that it is due to vortices present on the insulating side of the superconductor-insulator transition., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures

Published
1998
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29. The use of clinical risk factors enhances the performance of BMD in the prediction of hip and osteoporotic fractures in men and women

Author

Kanis, JA, Oden, A, Johnell, O, Johansson, H, De Laet, C, Brown, J, Burckhardt, P, Cooper, C, Christiansen, C, Cummings, S, Eisman, JA, Fujiwara, S, Glüer, C, Goltzman, D, Hans, D, Krieg, M-A, La Croix, A, McCloskey, E, Mellstrom, D, Melton, LJ, Pols, H, Reeve, J, Sanders, K, Schott, A-M, Silman, A, Torgerson, D, van Staa, T, Watts, NB, and Yoshimura, N

Subjects
Osteoporosis, Clinical Research, Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects, Aging, Injuries and accidents, Musculoskeletal, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Area Under Curve, Bone Density, Female, Fractures, Spontaneous, Hip Fractures, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Biomedical Engineering, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Endocrinology & Metabolism
Abstract

UnlabelledBMD and clinical risk factors predict hip and other osteoporotic fractures. The combination of clinical risk factors and BMD provide higher specificity and sensitivity than either alone. INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESES: To develop a risk assessment tool based on clinical risk factors (CRFs) with and without BMD.MethodsNine population-based studies were studied in which BMD and CRFs were documented at baseline. Poisson regression models were developed for hip fracture and other osteoporotic fractures, with and without hip BMD. Fracture risk was expressed as gradient of risk (GR, risk ratio/SD change in risk score).ResultsCRFs alone predicted hip fracture with a GR of 2.1/SD at the age of 50 years and decreased with age. The use of BMD alone provided a higher GR (3.7/SD), and was improved further with the combined use of CRFs and BMD (4.2/SD). For other osteoporotic fractures, the GRs were lower than for hip fracture. The GR with CRFs alone was 1.4/SD at the age of 50 years, similar to that provided by BMD (GR = 1.4/SD) and was not markedly increased by the combination (GR = 1.4/SD). The performance characteristics of clinical risk factors with and without BMD were validated in eleven independent population-based cohorts.ConclusionsThe models developed provide the basis for the integrated use of validated clinical risk factors in men and women to aid in fracture risk prediction.

Published
2007

30. POS0104 A PHASE 2B DOUBLE-BLIND PLACEBO-CONTROLLED RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL OF SB-061, AN AGGRECAN MIMETIC, IN SUBJECTS WITH SYMPTOMATIC KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

Author

Bihlet, A. R., primary, Byrjalsen, I., additional, Mundbjerg, K., additional, Alexandersen, P., additional, Rovsing, H., additional, Axelsen, T., additional, Andersen, J. R., additional, Metnik, A., additional, Bachtell, N., additional, Brett, A., additional, and Christiansen, C., additional

Published
2023
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32. Previous fracture and subsequent fracture risk : a meta-analysis to update FRAX

Author

Kanis, J. A., Johansson, H., McCloskey, E. , V, Liu, E., Akesson, K. E., Anderson, F. A., Azagra, R., Bager, C. L., Beaudart, C., Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Biver, E., Bruyere, O., Cauley, J. A., Center, J. R., Chapurlat, R., Christiansen, C., Cooper, C., Crandall, C. J., Cummings, S. R., da Silva, J. A. P., Dawson-Hughes, B., Diez-Perez, A., Dufour, A. B., Eisman, J. A., Elders, P. J. M., Ferrari, S., Fujita, Y., Fujiwara, S., Glueer, C. -c., Goldshtein, I., Goltzman, D., Gudnason, V., Hall, J., Hans, D., Hoff, M., Hollick, R. J., Huisman, M., Iki, M., Ish-Shalom, S., Jones, G., Karlsson, M. K., Khosla, S., Kiel, D. P., Koh, W. -p., Koromani, F., Kotowicz, M. A., Kroger, H., Kwok, T., Lamy, O., Langhammer, A., Larijani, B., Lippuner, K., Mellstrom, D., Merlijn, T., Nordström, Anna, Nordström, Peter, O'Neill, T. W., Obermayer-Pietsch, B., Ohlsson, C., Orwoll, E. S., Pasco, J. A., Rivadeneira, F., Schott, A. -M, Shiroma, E. J., Siggeirsdottir, K., Simonsick, E. M., Sornay-Rendu, E., Sund, R., Swart, K. M. A., Szulc, P., Tamaki, J., Torgerson, D. J., van Schoor, N. M., van Staa, T. P., Vila, J., Wareham, N. J., Wright, N. C., Yoshimura, N., Zillikens, M. C., Zwart, M., Vandenput, L., Harvey, N. C., Lorentzon, M., Leslie, W. D., Kanis, J. A., Johansson, H., McCloskey, E. , V, Liu, E., Akesson, K. E., Anderson, F. A., Azagra, R., Bager, C. L., Beaudart, C., Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Biver, E., Bruyere, O., Cauley, J. A., Center, J. R., Chapurlat, R., Christiansen, C., Cooper, C., Crandall, C. J., Cummings, S. R., da Silva, J. A. P., Dawson-Hughes, B., Diez-Perez, A., Dufour, A. B., Eisman, J. A., Elders, P. J. M., Ferrari, S., Fujita, Y., Fujiwara, S., Glueer, C. -c., Goldshtein, I., Goltzman, D., Gudnason, V., Hall, J., Hans, D., Hoff, M., Hollick, R. J., Huisman, M., Iki, M., Ish-Shalom, S., Jones, G., Karlsson, M. K., Khosla, S., Kiel, D. P., Koh, W. -p., Koromani, F., Kotowicz, M. A., Kroger, H., Kwok, T., Lamy, O., Langhammer, A., Larijani, B., Lippuner, K., Mellstrom, D., Merlijn, T., Nordström, Anna, Nordström, Peter, O'Neill, T. W., Obermayer-Pietsch, B., Ohlsson, C., Orwoll, E. S., Pasco, J. A., Rivadeneira, F., Schott, A. -M, Shiroma, E. J., Siggeirsdottir, K., Simonsick, E. M., Sornay-Rendu, E., Sund, R., Swart, K. M. A., Szulc, P., Tamaki, J., Torgerson, D. J., van Schoor, N. M., van Staa, T. P., Vila, J., Wareham, N. J., Wright, N. C., Yoshimura, N., Zillikens, M. C., Zwart, M., Vandenput, L., Harvey, N. C., Lorentzon, M., and Leslie, W. D.

Abstract

A large international meta-analysis using primary data from 64 cohorts has quantified the increased risk of fracture associated with a previous history of fracture for future use in FRAX.IntroductionThe aim of this study was to quantify the fracture risk associated with a prior fracture on an international basis and to explore the relationship of this risk with age, sex, time since baseline and bone mineral density (BMD).MethodsWe studied 665,971 men and 1,438,535 women from 64 cohorts in 32 countries followed for a total of 19.5 million person-years. The effect of a prior history of fracture on the risk of any clinical fracture, any osteoporotic fracture, major osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture alone was examined using an extended Poisson model in each cohort. Covariates examined were age, sex, BMD, and duration of follow-up. The results of the different studies were merged by using the weighted & beta;-coefficients.ResultsA previous fracture history, compared with individuals without a prior fracture, was associated with a significantly increased risk of any clinical fracture (hazard ratio, HR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.72-2.07). The risk ratio was similar for the outcome of osteoporotic fracture (HR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.69-2.07), major osteoporotic fracture (HR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.63-2.06), or for hip fracture (HR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.62-2.06). There was no significant difference in risk ratio between men and women. Subsequent fracture risk was marginally downward adjusted when account was taken of BMD. Low BMD explained a minority of the risk for any clinical fracture (14%), osteoporotic fracture (17%), and for hip fracture (33%). The risk ratio for all fracture outcomes related to prior fracture decreased significantly with adjustment for age and time since baseline examination.ConclusionA previous history of fracture confers an increased risk of fracture of substantial importance beyond that explained by BMD. The effect is similar in men and women. Its quantitati

Published
2023
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33. The Gas and Stellar Content of a Metal-poor Galaxy at z=8.496 as Revealed by JWST and ALMA

Author

Heintz, K. E., Gimenez-Arteaga, C., Fujimoto, S., Brammer, G., Espada, D., Gillman, S., Gonzalez-Lopez, J., Greve, T. R., Harikane, Y., Hatsukade, B., Knudsen, K. K., Koekemoer, A. M., Kohno, K., Kokorev, V., Lee, M. M., Magdis, G. E., Nelson, E. J., Rizzo, F., Sanders, R. L., Schaerer, D., Shapley, A. E., Strait, V. B., Toft, S., Valentino, F., Wel, A. van der, Vijayan, A. P., Watson, D., Bauer, F. E., Christiansen, C. R., Wilson, S. N., Heintz, K. E., Gimenez-Arteaga, C., Fujimoto, S., Brammer, G., Espada, D., Gillman, S., Gonzalez-Lopez, J., Greve, T. R., Harikane, Y., Hatsukade, B., Knudsen, K. K., Koekemoer, A. M., Kohno, K., Kokorev, V., Lee, M. M., Magdis, G. E., Nelson, E. J., Rizzo, F., Sanders, R. L., Schaerer, D., Shapley, A. E., Strait, V. B., Toft, S., Valentino, F., Wel, A. van der, Vijayan, A. P., Watson, D., Bauer, F. E., Christiansen, C. R., and Wilson, S. N.

Abstract

We present a joint analysis of the galaxy S04590 at z = 8.496 based on NIRSpec, NIRCam, and NIRISS observations obtained as part of the Early Release Observations program of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the far-infrared [C ii] 158 mu m emission line detected by dedicated Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations. We determine the physical properties of S04590 from modeling of the spectral energy distribution (SED) and through the redshifted optical nebular emission lines detected with JWST/NIRSpec. The best-fit SED model reveals a low-mass (M-? = 10(7.2)-10(8) M-?) galaxy with a low oxygen abundance of derived from the strong nebular and auroral emission lines. Assuming that [C ii] effectively traces the interstellar medium, we estimate the total gas mass of the galaxy to be M-gas = (8.0 +/- 4.0) x 10(8) M-? based on the luminosity and spatial extent of [C ii]. This yields an exceptionally high gas fraction, f(gas) = M-gas/(M-gas + M-?) ? 90%, though one still consistent with the range expected for low metallicity. We further derive the metal mass of the galaxy based on the gas mass and gas-phase metallicity, which we find to be consistent with the expected metal production from Type II supernovae. Finally, we make the first constraints on the dust-to-gas (DTG) and dust-to-metal (DTM) ratios of galaxies in the epoch of reionization at z ? 6, showing overall low mass ratios of logDTG < -3.8 and logDTM < -0.5, though they are consistent with established scaling relations and in particular with those of the local metal-poor galaxy I Zwicky 18. Our analysis highlights the synergy between ALMA and JWST in characterizing the gas, metal, and stellar content of the first generation of galaxies.

Published
2023

34. The effects of high uncertainty risk on international stock markets

Author

Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Aslanidis, N; Christiansen, C; Kouretas, GP, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Aslanidis, N; Christiansen, C; Kouretas, GP

Abstract

We conduct an international analysis of the cross-sectional risk premiums of uncertainty risk factors in addition to traditional risk factors. We consider international stock markets in five regions separately. We measure uncertainty by the local and US economic policy uncertainty indices. Economic policy uncertainty risk has negative risk premiums. This implies that investors get lower returns for assets with high uncertainty betas. We further analyze a nonlinear relationship between excess returns and uncertainty risk by adding the downside economic policy uncertainty risk factor which captures high levels of uncertainty, similar to downside market risk. The downside uncertainty risk factor has negative risk premiums.

Published
2023

37. The Gas and Stellar Content of a Metal-poor Galaxy at z = 8.496 as Revealed by JWST and ALMA

Author

Heintz, K. E., primary, Giménez-Arteaga, C., additional, Fujimoto, S., additional, Brammer, G., additional, Espada, D., additional, Gillman, S., additional, González-López, J., additional, Greve, T. R., additional, Harikane, Y., additional, Hatsukade, B., additional, Knudsen, K. K., additional, Koekemoer, A. M., additional, Kohno, K., additional, Kokorev, V., additional, Lee, M. M., additional, Magdis, G. E., additional, Nelson, E. J., additional, Rizzo, F., additional, Sanders, R. L., additional, Schaerer, D., additional, Shapley, A. E., additional, Strait, V. B., additional, Toft, S., additional, Valentino, F., additional, Wel, A. van der, additional, Vijayan, A. P., additional, Watson, D., additional, Bauer, F. E., additional, Christiansen, C. R., additional, and Wilson, S. N., additional

Published
2023
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42. Update of the fracture risk prediction tool FRAX: A systematic review of potential cohorts and analysis plan

Author

Vandenput, Lisbeth, Johansson, H., McCloskey, E. V., Liu, E., Akesson, Kristina E., Anderson, F.A., Azagra, R., Bager, C.L., Beaudart, Charlotte, Bischoff-Ferrari, H.A., Biver, E., Bruyère, Olivier, Cauley, J.A., Center, J.R., Chapulat, R., Christiansen, C., Cooper, Cyrus, Crandall, Carolyn J., Cummings, Steven, da Silva, J.A.P., Dawson-Hughes, Bess, Diez-Pérez, A., Dufour, Alyssa B., Eisman, J.A., Elders, Petra J.M., Ferrari, S., Fujita, Y., Fujiwara, S., Glüer, C.C., Goldstein, I., Goltzman, D., Gudnason, V., Hall, J., Hans, D., Hoff, M., Hollick, Rosemary J., Huisman, Martijn, Iki, M., Ish-Shalom, S., Jones, G., Karlsson, M.K., Khosla, Sundeep, Kiel, D.P., Koh, W-P, Koromani, F., Kotowicz, M.A., Kroger, H., Kwok, T., Lamy, Olivier, Langhammer, Arnulf, Larijani, Bagher, Lippuner, Kurt, Mellström, D, Merlijn, Thomas, Nordstrom, A., Nordstrom, P., O'Neill, T.W., Obermayer-Piestch, B., Harvey, Nicholas, Kanis, J A., Ohlsson, C., Orwoll, E.S., Pasco, J.A., Rivadeneira, F., Schei, B., Schott, A.M., Shiroma, E.J., Siggeirsdottir, K., Simonsick, E.M., Sornay-Rendu, E., Sund, R., Swart, K.M.A., Szulc, P., Tamaki, J., Torgerson, D.J., Van Schoor, N.M., van Staa, T.P., Vilas, J.C., Wareham, N.J, Wright, N.C., Yoshimura, N., Zillikens, M.C., Zwart, M., Lorentzon, M., and Leslie, W.D.

Abstract

Summary: We describe the collection of cohorts together with the analysis plan for an update of the fracture risk prediction tool FRAX with respect to current and novel risk factors. The resource comprises 2,138,428 participants with a follow-up of approximately 20 million person-years and 116,117 documented incident major osteoporotic fractures. Introduction: The availability of the fracture risk assessment tool FRAX® has substantially enhanced the targeting of treatment to those at high risk of fracture with FRAX now incorporated into more than 100 clinical osteoporosis guidelines worldwide. The aim of this study is to determine whether the current algorithms can be further optimised with respect to current and novel risk factors. Methods: A computerised literature search was performed in PubMed from inception until May 17, 2019, to identify eligible cohorts for updating the FRAX coefficients. Additionally, we searched the abstracts of conference proceedings of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, European Calcified Tissue Society and World Congress of Osteoporosis. Prospective cohort studies with data on baseline clinical risk factors and incident fractures were eligible. Results: Of the 836 records retrieved, 53 were selected for full-text assessment after screening on title and abstract. Twelve cohorts were deemed eligible and of these, 4 novel cohorts were identified. These cohorts, together with 60 previously identified cohorts, will provide the resource for constructing an updated version of FRAX comprising 2,138,428 participants with a follow-up of approximately 20 million person-years and 116,117 documented incident major osteoporotic fractures. For each known and candidate risk factor, multivariate hazard functions for hip fracture, major osteoporotic fracture and death will be tested using extended Poisson regression. Sex- and/or ethnicity-specific differences in the weights of the risk factors will be investigated. After meta-analyses of the cohort-specific beta coefficients for each risk factor, models comprising 10-year probability of hip and major osteoporotic fracture, with or without femoral neck bone mineral density, will be computed. Conclusions: These assembled cohorts and described models will provide the framework for an updated FRAX tool enabling enhanced assessment of fracture risk (PROSPERO (CRD42021227266)).

Published
2022

43. Winters are changing:snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems

Author

Rixen, C. (Christian), Høye, T. T. (Toke Thomas), Macek, P. (Petr), Aerts, R. (Rien), Alatalo, J. M. (Juha M.), Anderson, J. T. (Jill T.), Arnold, P. A. (Pieter A.), Barrio, I. C. (Isabel C), Bjerke, J. W. (Jarle W.), Björkman, M. P. (Mats P.), Blok, D. (Daan), Blume-Werry, G. (Gesche), Boike, J. (Julia), Bokhorst, S. (Stef), Carbognani, M. (Michele), Christiansen, C. T. (Casper T.), Convey, P. (Peter), Cooper, E. J. (Elisabeth J.), Cornelissen, J. H. (J. Hans C.), Coulson, S. J. (Stephen J.), Dorrepaal, E. (Ellen), Elberling, B. (Bo), Elmendorf, S. C. (Sarah C.), Elphinstone, C. (Cassandra), Forte, T. G. (T’ai G.W.), Frei, E. R. (Esther R.), Geange, S. R. (Sonya R.), Gehrmann, F. (Friederike), Gibson, C. (Casey), Grogan, P. (Paul), Halbritter, A. H. (Aud Helen), Harte, J. (John), Henry, G. H. (Gregory H.R.), Inouye, D. W. (David W.), Irwin, R. E. (Rebecca E.), Jespersen, G. (Gus), Jónsdóttir, I. S. (Ingibjörg Svala), Jung, J. Y. (Ji Young), Klinges, D. H. (David H.), Kudo, G. (Gaku), Lämsä, J. (Juho), Lee, H. (Hanna), Lembrechts, J. J. (Jonas J.), Lett, S. (Signe), Lynn, J. S. (Joshua Scott), Mann, H. M. (Hjalte M.R.), Mastepanov, M. (Mikhail), Morse, J. (Jennifer), Myers-Smith, I. H. (Isla H.), Olofsson, J. (Johan), Paavola, R. (Riku), Petraglia, A. (Alessandro), Phoenix, G. K. (Gareth K.), Semenchuk, P. (Philipp), Siewert, M. B. (Matthias B.), Slatyer, R. (Rachel), Spasojevic, M. J. (Marko J.), Suding, K. (Katharine), Sullivan, P. (Patrick), Thompson, K. L. (Kimberly L.), Väisänen, M. (Maria), Vandvik, V. (Vigdis), Venn, S. (Susanna), Walz, J. (Josefine), Way, R. (Robert), Welker, J. M. (Jeffrey M.), Wipf, S. (Sonja), Zong, S. (Shengwei), Rixen, C. (Christian), Høye, T. T. (Toke Thomas), Macek, P. (Petr), Aerts, R. (Rien), Alatalo, J. M. (Juha M.), Anderson, J. T. (Jill T.), Arnold, P. A. (Pieter A.), Barrio, I. C. (Isabel C), Bjerke, J. W. (Jarle W.), Björkman, M. P. (Mats P.), Blok, D. (Daan), Blume-Werry, G. (Gesche), Boike, J. (Julia), Bokhorst, S. (Stef), Carbognani, M. (Michele), Christiansen, C. T. (Casper T.), Convey, P. (Peter), Cooper, E. J. (Elisabeth J.), Cornelissen, J. H. (J. Hans C.), Coulson, S. J. (Stephen J.), Dorrepaal, E. (Ellen), Elberling, B. (Bo), Elmendorf, S. C. (Sarah C.), Elphinstone, C. (Cassandra), Forte, T. G. (T’ai G.W.), Frei, E. R. (Esther R.), Geange, S. R. (Sonya R.), Gehrmann, F. (Friederike), Gibson, C. (Casey), Grogan, P. (Paul), Halbritter, A. H. (Aud Helen), Harte, J. (John), Henry, G. H. (Gregory H.R.), Inouye, D. W. (David W.), Irwin, R. E. (Rebecca E.), Jespersen, G. (Gus), Jónsdóttir, I. S. (Ingibjörg Svala), Jung, J. Y. (Ji Young), Klinges, D. H. (David H.), Kudo, G. (Gaku), Lämsä, J. (Juho), Lee, H. (Hanna), Lembrechts, J. J. (Jonas J.), Lett, S. (Signe), Lynn, J. S. (Joshua Scott), Mann, H. M. (Hjalte M.R.), Mastepanov, M. (Mikhail), Morse, J. (Jennifer), Myers-Smith, I. H. (Isla H.), Olofsson, J. (Johan), Paavola, R. (Riku), Petraglia, A. (Alessandro), Phoenix, G. K. (Gareth K.), Semenchuk, P. (Philipp), Siewert, M. B. (Matthias B.), Slatyer, R. (Rachel), Spasojevic, M. J. (Marko J.), Suding, K. (Katharine), Sullivan, P. (Patrick), Thompson, K. L. (Kimberly L.), Väisänen, M. (Maria), Vandvik, V. (Vigdis), Venn, S. (Susanna), Walz, J. (Josefine), Way, R. (Robert), Welker, J. M. (Jeffrey M.), Wipf, S. (Sonja), and Zong, S. (Shengwei)

Abstract

Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation determines ground temperature, light conditions, and moisture availability during winter. It also affects the growing season’s start and end, and plant access to moisture and nutrients. Here, we review the current knowledge of the snow cover’s role for vegetation, plant-animal interactions, permafrost conditions, microbial processes, and biogeochemical cycling. We also compare studies of natural snow gradients with snow experimental manipulation studies to assess time scale difference of these approaches. The number of tundra snow studies has increased considerably in recent years, yet we still lack a comprehensive overview of how altered snow conditions will affect these ecosystems. Specifically, we found a mismatch in the timing of snowmelt when comparing studies of natural snow gradients with snow manipulations. We found that snowmelt timing achieved by snow addition and snow removal manipulations (average 7.9 days advance and 5.5 days delay, respectively) were substantially lower than the temporal variation over natural spatial gradients within a given year (mean range 56 days) or among years (mean range 32 days). Differences between snow study approaches need to be accounted for when projecting snow dynamics and their impact on ecosystems in future climates.

Published
2022

44. Can bryophyte groups increase functional resolution in tundra ecosystems?

Author

Lett, S., Jónsdóttir, I. S., Becker-Scarpitta, A., Christiansen, C. T., During, H., Ekelund, F., Henry, G. H. R., Lang, S. I., Michelsen, A., Rousk, K., Alatalo, J. M., Betway, K. R., Rui, S. B., Callaghan, T., Carbognani, M., Cooper, E. J., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Dorrepaal, E., Egelkraut, D., Elumeeva, T. G., Haugum, S. V., Hollister, R. D., Jägerbrand, A. K., Keuper, F., Klanderud, K., Lévesque, E., Liu, X., May, J., Michel, P., Mörsdorf, M., Petraglia, A., Rixen, C., Robroek, B. J. M., Rzepczynska, A. M., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Tolvanen, A., Vandvik, V., Volkov, I., Volkova, I., van Zuijlen, K., Lett, S., Jónsdóttir, I. S., Becker-Scarpitta, A., Christiansen, C. T., During, H., Ekelund, F., Henry, G. H. R., Lang, S. I., Michelsen, A., Rousk, K., Alatalo, J. M., Betway, K. R., Rui, S. B., Callaghan, T., Carbognani, M., Cooper, E. J., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Dorrepaal, E., Egelkraut, D., Elumeeva, T. G., Haugum, S. V., Hollister, R. D., Jägerbrand, A. K., Keuper, F., Klanderud, K., Lévesque, E., Liu, X., May, J., Michel, P., Mörsdorf, M., Petraglia, A., Rixen, C., Robroek, B. J. M., Rzepczynska, A. M., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Tolvanen, A., Vandvik, V., Volkov, I., Volkova, I., and van Zuijlen, K.

Abstract

The relative contribution of bryophytes to plant diversity, primary productivity, and ecosystem functioning increases towards colder climates. Bryophytes respond to environmental changes at the species level, but because bryophyte species are relatively difficult to identify, they are often lumped into one functional group. Consequently, bryophyte function remains poorly resolved. Here, we explore how higher resolution of bryophyte functional diversity can be encouraged and implemented in tundra ecological studies. We briefly review previous bryophyte functional classifications and the roles of bryophytes in tundra ecosystems and their susceptibility to environmental change. Based on shoot morphology and colony organization, we then propose twelve easily distinguishable bryophyte functional groups. To illustrate how bryophyte functional groups can help elucidate variation in bryophyte effects and responses, we compiled existing data on water holding capacity, a key bryophyte trait. Although plant functional groups can mask potentially high interspecific and intraspecific variability, we found better separation of bryophyte functional group means compared with previous grouping systems regarding water holding capacity. This suggests that our bryophyte functional groups truly represent variation in the functional roles of bryophytes in tundra ecosystems. Lastly, we provide recommendations to improve the monitoring of bryophyte community changes in tundra study sites. Résumé La contribution relative des bryophytes à la diversité végétale, à la productivité primaire et au fonctionnement des écosystèmes s’accroît vers les climats plus froids. Les bryophytes répondent aux changements environnementaux au niveau de l’espèce, mais puisque les espèces de bryophytes sont relativement difficiles à identifier, elles sont souvent regroupées en un seul groupe fonctionnel. Par conséquent, la fonction des bryophytes reste mal résolue. Les auteurs explorent ici comment une m

Published
2022

45. Bone

Author

Winding, B., JØrgensen, H., Christiansen, C., Oettel, Michel, and Schillinger, Ekkehard

Published
1999
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49. Common variant at 16p11.2 conferring risk of psychosis

Author

Steinberg, S, de Jong, S, Mattheisen, M, Costas, J, Demontis, D, Jamain, S, Pietiläinen, O P H, Lin, K, Papiol, S, Huttenlocher, J, Sigurdsson, E, Vassos, E, Giegling, I, Breuer, R, Fraser, G, Walker, N, Melle, I, Djurovic, S, Agartz, I, Tuulio-Henriksson, A, Suvisaari, J, Lönnqvist, J, Paunio, T, Olsen, L, Hansen, T, Ingason, A, Pirinen, M, Strengman, E, Hougaard, D M, Ørntoft, T, Didriksen, M, Hollegaard, M V, Nordentoft, M, Abramova, L, Kaleda, V, Arrojo, M, Sanjuán, J, Arango, C, Etain, B, Bellivier, F, Méary, A, Schürhoff, F, Szoke, A, Ribolsi, M, Magni, V, Siracusano, A, Sperling, S, Rossner, M, Christiansen, C, Kiemeney, L A, Franke, B, van den Berg, L H, Veldink, J, Curran, S, Bolton, P, Poot, M, Staal, W, Rehnstrom, K, Kilpinen, H, Freitag, C M, Meyer, J, Magnusson, P, Saemundsen, E, Martsenkovsky, I, Bikshaieva, I, Martsenkovska, I, Vashchenko, O, Raleva, M, Paketchieva, K, Stefanovski, B, Durmishi, N, Pejovic Milovancevic, M, Lecic Tosevski, D, Silagadze, T, Naneishvili, N, Mikeladze, N, Surguladze, S, Vincent, J B, Farmer, A, Mitchell, P B, Wright, A, Schofield, P R, Fullerton, J M, Montgomery, G W, Martin, N G, Rubino, I A, van Winkel, R, Kenis, G, De Hert, M, Réthelyi, J M, Bitter, I, Terenius, L, Jönsson, E G, Bakker, S, van Os, J, Jablensky, A, Leboyer, M, Bramon, E, Powell, J, Murray, R, Corvin, A, Gill, M, Morris, D, O'Neill, F A, Kendler, K, Riley, B, Craddock, N, Owen, M J, O'Donovan, M C, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Kong, A, Ehrenreich, H, Carracedo, A, Golimbet, V, Andreassen, O A, Børglum, A D, Mors, O, Mortensen, P B, Werge, T, Ophoff, R A, Nöthen, M M, Rietschel, M, Cichon, S, Ruggeri, M, Tosato, S, Palotie, A, St Clair, D, Rujescu, D, Collier, D A, Stefansson, H, and Stefansson, K

Published
2014
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