Search

When meeting someone at zero acquaintance, we make assumptions about each other that encompass emotional states, personality traits, and even cognitive abilities. Evidence suggests individuals can accurately detect psychopathic personality traits in strangers based on short video clips or photographs of faces. We present an in-depth examination of this ability. In two studies, we investigated whether high psychopathy traits are perceivable and whether other traits affect ratings of psychopathic traits in the sense of a halo effect. On the perceiver’s end, we additionally examined how cognitive abilities and personality traits of the responders affect these ratings. In two studies (n1 = 170 community adults from the USA, n2 = 126 students from Australia), participants rated several targets on several characteristics of psychopathy, as well as on attractiveness, masculinity, sympathy, trustworthiness, neuroticism, intelligence, and extraversion. Results show that responders were generally able to detect psychopathy. Responders generally came to a consensus in their ratings, and using profile similarity metrics, we found a weak relation between ratings of psychopathy and the targets’ psychopathy level as determined by the Psychopathy Checklist: Short Version. Trait ratings, though, were influenced by the ratings of other traits like attractiveness. Finally, we found accuracy in the perception of psychopathy was positively related to fluid intelligence but unrelated to emotion perception ability.

The aim of this qualitative study is to find out how body psychotherapists describe their approach to promoting health, and their methods of treatment and signs of recovery in depressed clients. Using Grounded Theory, literature studies and analysis of open questions were conducted in parallel. The open questions were sent to the members of the Swiss National Association of the European Association of Body Psychotherapy (CH-EABP). The answers from 18 participants were analyzed using open axial coding with the method of constant comparison until saturation. Four main categories were identified as selective coding emerged from the data: 1) attachment and the therapeutic alliance; 2) body awareness; 3) contact with grief enabling healthy, creative aggression; and 4) self-regulation and rhythm. These categories form a theoretical core for treating depressed clients. Findings indicated that body psychotherapists have therapeutic tools to work with resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the concepts of the reflective practitioner, evidence-based practice, and different ways of doing qualitative research. By asking questions beginning with "what" and "how" qualitative research seeks the specific quality typical of a phenomenon. Today, one of the most used methods in qualitative research is Grounded Theory. A pattern of meaning-carrying units becomes visible among the observations or answers to open questions, and are then coded into categories. This coding process is described; it is called constant comparison and is pursued until a saturation of a theme occurs, which crystalizes the central meaning of a phenomenon. Useful standards of the themes of validity and reliability in qualitative research are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]