Author: "Christina Kaiser" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Christina Kaiser"' showing total 156 results

Start Over Author "Christina Kaiser"

156 results on '"Christina Kaiser"'

1. Bacteria face trade-offs in the decomposition of complex biopolymers.

Author: Ksenia Guseva, Moritz Mohrlok, Lauren Alteio, Hannes Schmidt, Shaul Pollak, and Christina Kaiser
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Although depolymerization of complex carbohydrates is a growth-limiting bottleneck for microbial decomposers, we still lack understanding about how the production of different types of extracellular enzymes affect individual microbes and in turn the performance of whole decomposer communities. In this work we use a theoretical model to evaluate the potential trade-offs faced by microorganisms in biopolymer decomposition which arise due to the varied biochemistry of different depolymerizing enzyme classes. We specifically consider two broad classes of depolymerizing extracellular enzymes, which are widespread across microbial taxa: exo-enzymes that cleave small units from the ends of polymer chains and endo-enzymes that act at random positions generating degradation products of varied sizes. Our results demonstrate a fundamental trade-off in the production of these enzymes, which is independent of system's complexity and which appears solely from the intrinsically different temporal depolymerization dynamics. As a consequence, specialists that produce either exo- or only endo-enzymes limit their growth to high or low substrate conditions, respectively. Conversely, generalists that produce both enzymes in an optimal ratio expand their niche and benefit from the synergy between the two enzymes. Finally, our results show that, in spatially-explicit environments, consortia composed of endo- and exo-specialists can only exist under oligotrophic conditions. In summary, our analysis demonstrates that the (evolutionary or ecological) selection of a depolymerization pathway will affect microbial fitness under low or high substrate conditions, with impacts on the ecological dynamics of microbial communities. It provides a possible explanation why many polysaccharide degraders in nature show the genetic potential to produce both of these enzyme classes.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. The NLRP3 inflammasome is essential for IL-18 production in a murine model of macrophage activation syndrome

Author: Tara A. Gleeson, Christina Kaiser, Catherine B. Lawrence, David Brough, Stuart M. Allan, and Jack P. Green
Subjects: cytokine storm syndrome, hyperinflammation, il-18, inflammasome, nlrp3, Medicine, Pathology, RB1-214
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. Identification of inulin-responsive bacteria in the gut microbiota via multi-modal activity-based sorting

Author: Alessandra Riva, Hamid Rasoulimehrabani, José Manuel Cruz-Rubio, Stephanie L. Schnorr, Cornelia von Baeckmann, Deniz Inan, Georgi Nikolov, Craig W. Herbold, Bela Hausmann, Petra Pjevac, Arno Schintlmeister, Andreas Spittler, Márton Palatinszky, Aida Kadunic, Norbert Hieger, Giorgia Del Favero, Martin von Bergen, Nico Jehmlich, Margarete Watzka, Kang Soo Lee, Julia Wiesenbauer, Sanaz Khadem, Helmut Viernstein, Roman Stocker, Michael Wagner, Christina Kaiser, Andreas Richter, Freddy Kleitz, and David Berry
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract Prebiotics are defined as non-digestible dietary components that promote the growth of beneficial gut microorganisms. In many cases, however, this capability is not systematically evaluated. Here, we develop a methodology for determining prebiotic-responsive bacteria using the popular dietary supplement inulin. We first identify microbes with a capacity to bind inulin using mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with inulin. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of sorted cells revealed that the ability to bind inulin was widespread in the microbiota. We further evaluate which taxa are metabolically stimulated by inulin and find that diverse taxa from the phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria respond to inulin, and several isolates of these taxa can degrade inulin. Incubation with another prebiotic, xylooligosaccharides (XOS), in contrast, shows a more robust bifidogenic effect. Interestingly, the Coriobacteriia Eggerthella lenta and Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens are indirectly stimulated by the inulin degradation process, expanding our knowledge of inulin-responsive bacteria.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. Barrier films for the prevention of acute radiation dermatitis in breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Author: Cas Stefaan Dejonckheere, Egon Dejonckheere, Julian Philipp Layer, Katharina Layer, Gustavo Renato Sarria, David Koch, Alina Abramian, Christina Kaiser, Kira Lindner, Anne Bachmann, Teresa Anzböck, Fred Röhner, Frederic Carsten Schmeel, and Leonard Christopher Schmeel
Subjects: Acute radiation dermatitis, Breast cancer, Radiotherapy, Prevention, Barrier film, Hydrofilm, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Purpose: Radiation dermatitis (RD) is the most common side effect of adjuvant whole-breast or chest wall irradiation, majorly impacting quality of life in numerous patients. The use of barrier films (polyurethane dressings such as Hydrofilm® and Mepitel® film remaining on the skin for the duration of the radiation treatment) has been investigated as a prophylactic measure in several prospective trials. Here, we critically appraise the available evidence behind preventive barrier film application in the context of breast cancer treatment. Methods: International literature was reviewed and high-quality randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this meta-analysis. Results: The results of 5 RCTs (663 patients; >90% Caucasian) were analysed. Overall, barrier films lead to improved clinician- and patient-reported outcomes: fewer grade ≥2 RD (11% vs. 42%; OR = 0.16; p
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. Microbial growth under drought is confined to distinct taxa and modified by potential future climate conditions

Author: Dennis Metze, Jörg Schnecker, Alberto Canarini, Lucia Fuchslueger, Benjamin J. Koch, Bram W. Stone, Bruce A. Hungate, Bela Hausmann, Hannes Schmidt, Andreas Schaumberger, Michael Bahn, Christina Kaiser, and Andreas Richter
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract Climate change increases the frequency and intensity of drought events, affecting soil functions including carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling, which are driven by growing microorganisms. Yet we know little about microbial responses to drought due to methodological limitations. Here, we estimate microbial growth rates in montane grassland soils exposed to ambient conditions, drought, and potential future climate conditions (i.e., soils exposed to 6 years of elevated temperatures and elevated CO2 levels). For this purpose, we combined 18O-water vapor equilibration with quantitative stable isotope probing (termed ‘vapor-qSIP’) to measure taxon-specific microbial growth in dry soils. In our experiments, drought caused >90% of bacterial and archaeal taxa to stop dividing and reduced the growth rates of persisting ones. Under drought, growing taxa accounted for only 4% of the total community as compared to 35% in the controls. Drought-tolerant communities were dominated by specialized members of the Actinobacteriota, particularly the genus Streptomyces. Six years of pre-exposure to future climate conditions (3 °C warming and + 300 ppm atmospheric CO2) alleviated drought effects on microbial growth, through more drought-tolerant taxa across major phyla, accounting for 9% of the total community. Our results provide insights into the response of active microbes to drought today and in a future climate, and highlight the importance of studying drought in combination with future climate conditions to capture interactive effects and improve predictions of future soil-climate feedbacks.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. Non-invasive physical plasma for preventing radiation dermatitis in breast cancer: Results from an intrapatient-randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial

Author: Cas Stefaan Dejonckheere, Julian Philipp Layer, Younèss Nour, Katharina Layer, Andrea Glasmacher, Shari Wiegreffe, Arne Fuhrmann, Lara Caglayan, Franziska Grau, Gustavo Renato Sarria, Davide Scafa, David Koch, Martina Heimann, Christina Leitzen, Mümtaz Ali Köksal, Fred Röhner, Thomas Müdder, Egon Dejonckheere, Frederic Carsten Schmeel, Teresa Anzböck, Kira Lindner, Anne Bachmann, Alina Abramian, Christina Kaiser, Andree Faridi, Alexander Mustea, Frank Anton Giordano, Matthias Bernhard Stope, and Leonard Christopher Schmeel
Subjects: Radiation dermatitis, Radiation therapy, Breast cancer, Non-invasive physical plasma, Cold atmospheric plasma, Randomised controlled trial, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Background and Purpose: To investigate the effect of topical non-invasive physical plasma (NIPP), a volatile mix generated out of ambient air, on prevention of acute radiation dermatitis (RD) during and after whole-breast irradiation (WBI). Materials and Methods: Lateral and medial breast halves were randomised within each patient to receive either 120 s of NIPP or sham treatment daily during WBI. Standard skin care with urea lotion was applied to the whole breast. Blinded acute skin toxicity was assessed weekly for each breast half separately and included clinician- (CTCAE) and patient-reported (modified RISRAS), and objective (spectrophotometry) assessments. As an additional external control, a comparable standard of care (SoC) patient collective from a previous prospective trial was used. Results: Sixty-four patients were included. There were no significant differences between breast halves. Post-hoc comparison with a similar SoC control collective revealed OR = 0.28 (95% CI 0.11–0.76; p = 0.014) for grade ≥ 2 RD upon WBI completion, along with less hyperpigmentation (p
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Decision regret in breast cancer patients after adjuvant radiotherapy

Author: Mümtaz Köksal, Clara Hoppe, Anna-Katharina Schröder, Davide Scafa, David Koch, Gustavo R. Sarria, Christina Leitzen, Alina Abramian, Christina Kaiser, Andree Faridi, Christoph Henkenberens, Leonard C. Schmeel, and Frank A. Giordano
Subjects: Breast cancer, Radiotherapy, Decision regret, Physical health, Mental health, Quality of life, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Purpose: Breast cancer patients often engage in shared decision-making to select an individualized treatment regimen from multiple options. However, dissatisfaction with treatment outcomes can lead to decision regret. We evaluated decision regret and physical and psychological well-being among breast cancer patients who underwent adjuvant radiotherapy and explored their associations with patient, tumor, treatment, and symptom characteristics. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved retrospectively obtaining clinical data and data collected through interviews carried out as part of regular long-term medical aftercare. Decision regret regarding the radiotherapy was assessed using the Ottawa Decision Regret Scale, physical and psychological well-being were assessed using the PROMIS Global Health-10 questionnaire, and patients were asked about their treatment outcomes and symptoms. The questionnaire was administered 14 months to 4 years after completion of radiotherapy. Results: Of the 172 included breast cancer patients, only 13.9% expressed high decision regret, with most patients expressing little or no decision regret. More decision regret was associated with volumetric modulated arc therapy, chest wall irradiation, use of docetaxel as a chemotherapy agent, lymphangiosis carcinomatosa, new heart disease after radiotherapy, and lower psychological well-being. Conclusion: Although most patients reported little or no decision regret, we identified several patient, treatment, and symptom characteristics associated with more decision regret. Our findings suggest that psychological well-being influences patients’ satisfaction with therapy decisions, implying that practitioners should pay special attention to maintaining psychological well-being during shared decision-making and ensuring that psychological assessment and treatment is provided after cancer therapy to deal with long-term effects of radiotherapy.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Both abundant and rare fungi colonizing Fagus sylvatica ectomycorrhizal root-tips shape associated bacterial communities

Author: Marlies Dietrich, Alicia Montesinos-Navarro, Raphael Gabriel, Florian Strasser, Dimitri V. Meier, Werner Mayerhofer, Stefan Gorka, Julia Wiesenbauer, Victoria Martin, Marieluise Weidinger, Andreas Richter, Christina Kaiser, and Dagmar Woebken
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: The bacterial/archaeal and fungal communities inhabiting beech tree root-tips are examined by marker gene sequencing followed by ecological network analysis, highlighting complex interactions in the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. Resemblance of the Recurrence Patterns in Primary Systemic, Primary Surgery and Secondary Oncoplastic Surgery

Author: Davut Dayan, Kristina Ernst, Bahriye Aktas, Raffaela Baierl, Susanne Briest, Martin Dengler, Daniela Dieterle, Amelie Endres, Kathrin Engelken, Andree Faridi, Hannes Frenz, Peer Hantschmann, Wolfgang Janni, Christina Kaiser, Thorsten Kokott, Stefanie Laufhütte, Florian Schober, and Florian Ebner
Subjects: breast, cancer, recurrence, pattern, oncoplastic, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Purpose: Surgical interventions tend to have an effect on the generation of recurrences in tumor patients due to the anesthesia involved as well as tissue damage and subsequent inflammation. This can also be found in patients with breast cancer. Methods: In this multicenter study, we investigated data of 632 patients with breast cancer and the subsequent diagnosis of a recurrence. The patient data were acquired from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2019 in eight different centers in Germany. The data sets were separated into those with primary surgery, primary systemic therapy with subsequent surgery, and reconstructive surgery. Three different starting points for observation were defined: the date of diagnosis, the date of first surgery, and the date of reconstructive surgery, if applicable. The observational period was divided into steps of six months and maxima of recurrences were compared. Furthermore, the variance was calculated using the difference of the distribution in percent. Results: The descriptive analysis showed no resemblance between the groups. The variance of the difference of the recurrence rates analysis using the surgical date as the starting point showed similarities in the age subgroup. Conclusion: Our clinical analysis shows different metastatic behavior in different analysis and treatment regimes. These findings justify further investigations on a larger database. These results may possibly identify an improved follow-up setting depending on tumor stage, biology, treatment, and patient factors (i.e., age, …).
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. On the Impact of Cadmium Sulfide Layer Thickness on Kesterite Photodetector Performance

Author: Stefan Zeiske, Christina Kaiser, Oskar J. Sandberg, Tove Ericson, Paul Meredith, Charlotte Platzer‐Björkman, and Ardalan Armin
Subjects: buffer layer, kesterites, photodetector, specific detectivity, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820, Optics. Light, QC350-467
Abstract: Kesterites are currently viewed as one of the most promising candidates for earth abundant and benign elements to substitute critical raw materials in photovoltaic technologies and may also be suitable for low‐noise, room‐temperature, self‐powered photodetectors. However, while the impact of buffer layers on kesterite solar cell efficiency has been an active area of investigation, links between photodetector performance and intermediate layers are yet to be addressed. Herein, the impact of cadmium sulfide buffer layers on the performance of kesterite (Cu2ZnSnS4) photodetectors is probed. Specifically, the effect of buffer layer thickness on various photodetector performance metrices is clarified, including noise current, spectral responsivity, noise equivalent power, frequency response, and specific detectivity. Devices with a 100 nm cadmium sulfide layer perform the best, achieving a linear dynamic range of 180 dB and frequency responses in the range of tens of kHz. The key loss mechanisms are identified, and it is found that the photodetector performance to be primarily limited by shunt resistance‐induced thermal noise and defect‐induced nonradiative losses. Furthermore, we estimate the upper radiative limit of specific detectivity to be approximately 1019 Jones. Our results highlight the potential of kesterites to be used as an interesting earth abundant candidate for photodetection applications.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. A universal Urbach rule for disordered organic semiconductors

Author: Christina Kaiser, Oskar J. Sandberg, Nasim Zarrabi, Wei Li, Paul Meredith, and Ardalan Armin
Subjects: Science
Abstract: The sub-gap absorption coefficient in organic semiconductors is often characterized by Urbach energies, which quantify both structural and dynamic disorders, yet the fundamental is not well-understood. Here, the authors provide a strategy to determine excitonic disorder energy, and reveal that absorption at energies well below the gap is universally dominated by thermal broadening.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Reverse dark current in organic photodetectors and the major role of traps as source of noise

Author: Jonas Kublitski, Andreas Hofacker, Bahman K. Boroujeni, Johannes Benduhn, Vasileios C. Nikolis, Christina Kaiser, Donato Spoltore, Hans Kleemann, Axel Fischer, Frank Ellinger, Koen Vandewal, and Karl Leo
Subjects: Science
Abstract: The suppression of dark current in organic photodetectors (OPDs) is important for maximizing the performance of the devices. Here, the authors report the relationship between the high dark saturation current and the presence of mid-gap trap states in OPDs with a donor–acceptor structure.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Digital Technical and Informal Resources of Breast Cancer Patients From 2012 to 2020: Questionnaire-Based Longitudinal Trend Study

Author: Christoph A Mallmann, Christian M Domröse, Lars Schröder, David Engelhardt, Frederik Bach, Helena Rueckel, Alina Abramian, Christina Kaiser, Alexander Mustea, Andree Faridi, Wolfram Malter, Peter Mallmann, Christian Rudlowski, Oliver Zivanovic, and Michael R Mallmann
Subjects: Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: BackgroundDigitalization offers enormous potential in medicine. In the era of digitalization, the development of the use of digital, technical, and informal resources of breast cancer patients and factors influencing the degree of digitization of patients has been insufficiently researched. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the development of the use of digital technical and informal resources in a well-defined patient cohort. MethodsA longitudinal study on 513 breast cancer patients from 2012 to 2020 was conducted using a questionnaire that included the main aspects of the degree of digitalization, including digital device availability and use, stationary and mobile internet access and use, and communication and information seeking regarding breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. ResultsThe majority of patients (421/513, 82.1%) owned the technical resources to benefit from eHealth, used the internet to obtain information (292/509, 57.4%), and were willing to use new eHealth solutions (379/426, 89%). Two-thirds of the patients discussed information about their cancer on the internet with their doctor, one-third found additional treatment options on the internet, and 15.3% (44/287) of the patients stated that this had changed their cancer therapy. The degree of digitization is increasing yet still significantly depends on 3 factors: (1) age (whereas 100% [39/39] of the 70-year-old group used the internet), (2) education (internet use significantly depended on education, as only 51.8% [59/114] of patients with primary school education used the internet, but 82.4% [126/153] with middle school education and 90.3% [213/236] with high school education used the internet; P
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Transport study of interleukin-1 inhibitors using a human in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier

Author: Elisabet O. Sjöström, Maxime Culot, Lisa Leickt, Mikael Åstrand, Erik Nordling, Fabien Gosselet, and Christina Kaiser
Subjects: Interleukin-1, Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, Anakinra, In vitro blood-brain barrier, Stroke, Neuronal injury, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: The proinflammatory cytokine Interleukin-1 (IL-1), with its two isoforms α and β, has important roles in multiple pathogenic processes in the central nervous system. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the blood-to-brain distribution of anakinra (IL-1 receptor antagonist), bermekimab (IL-1α antagonist) and canakinumab (IL-1β antagonist).A human in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier derived from human umbilical cord blood stem cells was used, where isolated CD34+ cells co-cultured with bovine pericytes were matured into polarized brain-like endothelial cells. Transport rates of the three test items were evaluated after 180 min incubation at concentrations 50, 250 and 1250 nM in a transwell system. We report herein that anakinra passes the human brain-like endothelial monolayer at a 4-7-fold higher rate than the monoclonal antibodies tested. Both antibodies had similar transport rates at all concentrations. No dose-dependent effects in transport rates were observed, nor any saturation effects at supraphysiological concentrations. The larger propensity of anakinra to pass this model of the human blood-brain barrier supports existing data and confirms that anakinra can reach the brain compartment at clinically relevant concentrations. As anakinra inhibits the actions of both IL-1α and IL-1β, it blocks all effects of IL-1 downstream signaling. The results herein further add to the growing body of evidence of the potential utility of anakinra to treat neuroinflammatory disorders.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. Non-Invasive Physical Plasma for Preventing Radiation Dermatitis in Breast Cancer: A First-In-Human Feasibility Study

Author: Cas Stefaan Dejonckheere, Adriana Torres-Crigna, Julian Philipp Layer, Katharina Layer, Shari Wiegreffe, Gustavo Renato Sarria, Davide Scafa, David Koch, Christina Leitzen, Mümtaz Ali Köksal, Thomas Müdder, Alina Abramian, Christina Kaiser, Andree Faridi, Matthias Bernhard Stope, Alexander Mustea, Frank Anton Giordano, and Leonard Christopher Schmeel
Subjects: non-invasive physical plasma, cold atmospheric plasma, cold atmospheric pressure plasma, tissue tolerable plasma, physical plasma medicine, radiation dermatitis, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract: Radiation dermatitis (RD) is the most common acute side effect of breast irradiation. More than a century following the therapeutic utilisation of X-rays, potent preventative and therapeutic options are still lacking. Non-invasive physical plasma (NIPP) is an emerging approach towards treatment of various dermatological disorders. In this study, we sought to determine the safety and feasibility of a NIPP device on RD. Thirty patients undergoing hypofractionated whole-breast irradiation were included. Parallel to radiation treatment, the irradiated breast was treated with NIPP with different application regimens. RD was assessed during and after NIPP/radiation, using clinician- and patient-reported outcomes. Additionally, safety and feasibility features were recorded. None of the patients was prescribed topical corticosteroids and none considered the treatment to be unpleasant. RD was less frequent and milder in comparison with standard skin care. Neither NIPP-related adverse events nor side effects were reported. This proven safety and feasibility profile of a topical NIPP device in the prevention and treatment of RD will be used as the framework for a larger intrapatient-randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial, using objective and patient-reported outcome measures as an endpoint.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Editorial: Rhizosphere Functioning and Structural Development as Complex Interplay Between Plants, Microorganisms and Soil Minerals

Author: Carsten W. Mueller, Andrea Carminati, Christina Kaiser, Jens-Arne Subke, and Caroline Gutjahr
Subjects: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, soil structure, aggregation, hot spot, mucilage, rhizodeposition, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Corrigendum: Root Exudation of Primary Metabolites: Mechanisms and Their Roles in Plant Responses to Environmental Stimuli

Author: Alberto Canarini, Christina Kaiser, Andrew Merchant, Andreas Richter, and Wolfgang Wanek
Subjects: root exudates, soil micro-organisms, root architecture, nutrient sensing, priming effect, mycorrhiza, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Root Exudation of Primary Metabolites: Mechanisms and Their Roles in Plant Responses to Environmental Stimuli

Author: Alberto Canarini, Christina Kaiser, Andrew Merchant, Andreas Richter, and Wolfgang Wanek
Subjects: root exudates, soil micro-organisms, root architecture, nutrient sensing, priming effect, mycorrhiza, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract: Root exudation is an important process determining plant interactions with the soil environment. Many studies have linked this process to soil nutrient mobilization. Yet, it remains unresolved how exudation is controlled and how exactly and under what circumstances plants benefit from exudation. The majority of root exudates including primary metabolites (sugars, amino acids, and organic acids) are believed to be passively lost from the root and used by rhizosphere-dwelling microbes. In this review, we synthetize recent advances in ecology and plant biology to explain and propose mechanisms by which root exudation of primary metabolites is controlled, and what role their exudation plays in plant nutrient acquisition strategies. Specifically, we propose a novel conceptual framework for root exudates. This framework is built upon two main concepts: (1) root exudation of primary metabolites is driven by diffusion, with plants and microbes both modulating concentration gradients and therefore diffusion rates to soil depending on their nutritional status; (2) exuded metabolite concentrations can be sensed at the root tip and signals are translated to modify root architecture. The flux of primary metabolites through root exudation is mostly located at the root tip, where the lack of cell differentiation favors diffusion of metabolites to the soil. We show examples of how the root tip senses concentration changes of exuded metabolites and translates that into signals to modify root growth. Plants can modify the concentration of metabolites either by controlling source/sink processes or by expressing and regulating efflux carriers, therefore challenging the idea of root exudation as a purely unregulated passive process. Through root exudate flux, plants can locally enhance concentrations of many common metabolites, which can serve as sensors and integrators of the plant nutritional status and of the nutrient availability in the surrounding environment. Plant-associated micro-organisms also constitute a strong sink for plant carbon, thereby increasing concentration gradients of metabolites and affecting root exudation. Understanding the mechanisms of and the effects that environmental stimuli have on the magnitude and type of root exudation will ultimately improve our knowledge of processes determining soil CO2 emissions, ecosystem functioning, and how to improve the sustainability of agricultural production.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. Rapid Transfer of Plant Photosynthates to Soil Bacteria via Ectomycorrhizal Hyphae and Its Interaction With Nitrogen Availability

Author: Stefan Gorka, Marlies Dietrich, Werner Mayerhofer, Raphael Gabriel, Julia Wiesenbauer, Victoria Martin, Qing Zheng, Bruna Imai, Judith Prommer, Marieluise Weidinger, Peter Schweiger, Stephanie A. Eichorst, Michael Wagner, Andreas Richter, Arno Schintlmeister, Dagmar Woebken, and Christina Kaiser
Subjects: ectomycorrhiza, hyphal carbon transfer, hyphosphere bacteria, mycorrhizosphere, hyphosphere priming, PLFAs, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Plant roots release recent photosynthates into the rhizosphere, accelerating decomposition of organic matter by saprotrophic soil microbes (“rhizosphere priming effect”) which consequently increases nutrient availability for plants. However, about 90% of all higher plant species are mycorrhizal, transferring a significant fraction of their photosynthates directly to their fungal partners. Whether mycorrhizal fungi pass on plant-derived carbon (C) to bacteria in root-distant soil areas, i.e., incite a “hyphosphere priming effect,” is not known. Experimental evidence for C transfer from mycorrhizal hyphae to soil bacteria is limited, especially for ectomycorrhizal systems. As ectomycorrhizal fungi possess enzymatic capabilities to degrade organic matter themselves, it remains unclear whether they cooperate with soil bacteria by providing photosynthates, or compete for available nutrients. To investigate a possible C transfer from ectomycorrhizal hyphae to soil bacteria, and its response to changing nutrient availability, we planted young beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) into “split-root” boxes, dividing their root systems into two disconnected soil compartments. Each of these compartments was separated from a litter compartment by a mesh penetrable for fungal hyphae, but not for roots. Plants were exposed to a 13C-CO2-labeled atmosphere, while 15N-labeled ammonium and amino acids were added to one side of the split-root system. We found a rapid transfer of recent photosynthates via ectomycorrhizal hyphae to bacteria in root-distant soil areas. Fungal and bacterial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) biomarkers were significantly enriched in hyphae-exclusive compartments 24 h after 13C-CO2-labeling. Isotope imaging with nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) allowed for the first time in situ visualization of plant-derived C and N taken up by an extraradical fungal hypha, and in microbial cells thriving on hyphal surfaces. When N was added to the litter compartments, bacterial biomass, and the amount of incorporated 13C strongly declined. Interestingly, this effect was also observed in adjacent soil compartments where added N was only available for bacteria through hyphal transport, indicating that ectomycorrhizal fungi were acting on soil bacteria. Together, our results demonstrate that (i) ectomycorrhizal hyphae rapidly transfer plant-derived C to bacterial communities in root-distant areas, and (ii) this transfer promptly responds to changing soil nutrient conditions.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Recognizing Patterns: Spatial Analysis of Observed Microbial Colonization on Root Surfaces

Author: Hannes Schmidt, Naoise Nunan, Alexander Höck, Thilo Eickhorst, Christina Kaiser, Dagmar Woebken, and Xavier Raynaud
Subjects: microbial ecology, root surface, bacterial colonization, point process, spatial statistics, image analysis, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Root surfaces are major sites of interactions between plants and associated microorganisms. Here, plants and microbes communicate via signaling molecules, compete for nutrients, and release substrates that may have beneficial or harmful effects on each other. Whilst the body of knowledge on the abundance and diversity of microbial communities at root-soil interfaces is now substantial, information on their spatial distribution at the microscale is still scarce. In this study, a standardized method for recognizing and analyzing microbial cell distributions on root surfaces is presented. Fluorescence microscopy was combined with automated image analysis and spatial statistics to explore the distribution of bacterial colonization patterns on rhizoplanes of rice roots. To test and evaluate the presented approach, a gnotobiotic experiment was performed using a potential nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain in combination with roots of wetland rice. The automated analysis procedure resulted in reliable spatial data of bacterial cells colonizing the rhizoplane. Among all replicate roots, the analysis revealed an increasing density of bacterial cells from the root tip to the region of root cell maturation. Moreover, bacterial cells showed significant spatial clustering and tended to be located around plant root cell borders. The quantitative data suggest that the structure of the root surface plays a major role in bacterial colonization patterns. Possible adaptations of the presented approach for future studies are discussed along with potential pitfalls such as inaccurate imaging. Our results demonstrate that standardized recognition and statistical evaluation of microbial colonization on root surfaces holds the potential to increase our understanding of microbial associations with roots and of the underlying ecological interactions.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Fatty acid 16:1ω5 as a proxy for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal biomass: current challenges and ways forward

Author: Ylva Lekberg, Erland Bååth, Åsa Frostegård, Edith Hammer, Katarina Hedlund, Jan Jansa, Christina Kaiser, Philip W. Ramsey, Tomáš Řezanka, Johannes Rousk, Håkan Wallander, Monika Welc, and Pål Axel Olsson
Subjects: Soil Science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Microbiology
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their associated plant communities jointly respond to long-term nutrient deficiencies in a managed grassland

Author: Kian Jenab, Lauren Alteio, Stefan Gorka, Ksenia Guseva, Sean Darcy, Lucia Fuchslueger, Alberto Canarini, Victoria Martin, Julia Wiesenbauer, Felix Spiegel, Bruna Imai, Hannes Schmidt, Karin Hage-Ahmed, Erich M. Pötsch, Andreas Richter, Jan Jansa, and Christina Kaiser
Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form mutualistic associations with roughly 70% of vascular plant species, supporting the nutrient acquisition of their host plants and deriving carbon in return. AMF and plant communities are linked to each other by host-specificity and the ecological selection of favorable nutrient and carbon trading strategies. Changing soil nutrient availabilities can affect both plant and AMF communities directly and also indirectly via the response of their partners. We aimed to elucidate the combined response of AMF (belowground) and plant (aboveground) community compositions to changing soil nutrient availabilities.We sampled soil and roots from a long-term nutrient deficiency experimental grassland in Admont (Styria, Austria). The grassland plots have been fertilized with different combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) over 70 years. Aboveground biomass cuts were removed three times each year, leading to long-term deficiencies of nutrients not replaced by fertilizers. Soil and root AMF community compositions were measured by DNA and RNA amplicon sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene. In addition, we assessed the plant community composition of the sampled roots by amplicon sequencing of the chloroplast rbcL (RuBisCo large subunit) gene region, and visually recorded the plant community composition on each investigated plot.Our results demonstrate that N and P deficiencies influenced soil AMF community composition, whereas K deficiency had a major impact on root AMF community composition. Interestingly, the plant community composition was affected by N and P, similar to the soil AMF community composition. Both, soil and root AMF community compositions were significantly correlated to plant community composition across all treatments, the correlation was however stronger for soil AMF communities (R2 = 0.55, p< 0.001). By using bipartite network analysis, we identified several fungus-plant pairs that responded consistently to treatments.Our results indicate that the response of grasslands to nutrient deficiencies is potentially driven by strong feedbacks between plant and belowground AMF community compositions. We here demonstrate that the known interactions between grassland plants and AMF - which are often investigated from a single plant or monoculture perspective - are major drivers of how diverse plant community compositions will respond to environmental change, such as fertilization. In conclusion, considering the ecology of the subsurface AMF communities may strongly benefit our understanding of plant communities in a future environment.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

23. Labile substrate availability shapes interactions in a synthetic chitin-degrading soil bacterial community

Author: Moritz Mohrlok, Lauren Alteio, Ksenia Guseva, Julia Mor Galvez, Erika Salas Hernández, and Christina Kaiser
Abstract: Chitin decomposition involves different extracellular enzymes and intermediate products, giving rise to complex social dynamics within chitin-degrading communities. These communities are therefore an ideal model system to investigate how complex organic matter is decomposed in soil, and what effect microbial interactions have on the decomposition process. We used a synthetic consortium consisting of three unrelated, potentially chitin-degrading soil bacterial strains (Paenibacillus alginolyticus, Paraburkholderia xenovorans and Solirubrobacter soli) to investigate how their interactions affect the decomposition of chitin, and how the availability of labile carbon influences these interactions.The strains were grown in monoculture and in all possible combinations on three different substrates (2% chitin, 2% n-acetylglucosamine (NAG, the monomer of chitin) and a mixture of 1% chitin and 1% NAG). Cumulative respiration as a community performance metric was measured over the course of two weeks using the MicroResptm system. We measured the concentration of chitin oligomers (chitobiose and chitotriose) at the endpoint using PMP-derivatisation and UPLC-Orbitrap MS. The final microbial community composition was assessed via 16s Amplicon sequencing and the 16s gene copy number was measured with droplet-digital PCR.Depending on the substrate, each strain showed distinct respiration patterns in monoculture, indicating different functionalities. We found both competitive and synergistic interactions in the strain combinations, depending on the involved species and available substrate. P. xenovorans dominated the other strains whenever the labile substrate (NAG) was added. The relative abundance of the less competitive strains (P. alginolyticus and S. soli) was however increased in the treatment containing only chitin compared to the NAG-treatments. Chitin was degraded a lot more when all three strains were included, as shown by both the maximum respiration and chitobiose concentration. All three strains were still detectable in this treatment, which was not the case when NAG was present from the beginning.Based on these results we assume that energy limitation forces synergistic interactions in this model community, increasing the chitin decomposition efficiency. Adding labile substrate alters these interactions, leading to the exclusion of less competitive strains. Our results emphasize how interacting bacteria of different functional groups can result in increased decomposition of complex soil organic matter and how the relationships between different species in a microbial community at a soil microsite might change based on the available substrate.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Theoretical model uncovering trade-offs faced by bacteria in the decomposition of large oligosaccharides

Author: Ksenia Guseva, Moritz Mohrlok, Lauren Alteio, and Christina Kaiser
Abstract: Microbes play a key role in the degradation of organic matter across all ecosystems. A significant fraction of the organic matter pool available to microorganisms consists of structural polysaccharides, e.g. biopolymers such as cellulose, or chitin, that cannot be directly taken up and have to be broken down outside the cell. For that mean microbes have to produce a variety of extracellular enzymes catalyzing different steps of polymer degradation. Within any substrate-specific enzyme group, e.g. hydrolases that act on a certain polysaccharide such as chitin, we highlight two enzyme types with different kinetic strategies: exo-enzymes that cleave the ends of polysaccharide chains, thereby releasing mono- or dimers, and endo-enzymes that act on all intermittent bonds, thereby generating oligosaccharides of various sizes. Since depolymerization works as a bottleneck for nutrient acquisition and is a multi-step process, the trade-offs of investing in the production of one or the other enzyme type have highly non-trivial consequences for microorganisms. Despite its relevance, the depolymerization dynamics is incorporated in oversimplified manner into microbial growth models, where the general assumption is that all enzymes have exo-like kinetics. In this work we bridge this gap, by theoretically analyzing the consequences of production of different ratios of these enzymes on microbial growth. Our objective was to estimate the possible trade-offs faced by microorganisms growing on biopolymers and compare them to known strategies found in soil bacteria.To investigate how the interplay of enzyme production strategies within a microbial population affect organic matter degradation, we incorporate polymer degradation by means of population balance equations into an individual-based spatially-explicit microscale microbial community model. This approach allows us to track the spatial distribution of biopolymer molecules of different sizes in space and time, as well as the microbes feeding on them. Our results show that microorganisms are limited not only by the amount of carbon in the system, but also by its form (biopolymer chain size). First we have analysed specialists, producing one or the other enzyme type. We found that the producers of exo-enzymes are well adapted to nutrient rich conditions or when carbon is trapped into small oligomers. We therefore suggest to consider them as copiotrophs. Endo-enzyme producers on the contrary can be considered as oligotrophs, as we found them to thrive in poor nutrient conditions with few long chain molecules. However, endo-producers were completely unable to start growing when too many long chains of nutrients are present. Moreover they are much more susceptible to exploitation as they loose larger parts of their intermediate products to diffusion. For generalists, i.e. microorganisms producing both enzymes, our results show that there is an optimum fraction of endo and exo-enzymes that boosts substrate degradation of long biopolymers and such tuned enzyme production speeds-up microbial growth. Overall, our analysis shows that there are incentive to regulate enzyme production towards this optimum ratio in mixed consortia of cooperating exo and endo-producers.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Modeling population-level controls on soil microbial turnover across scales

Author: Katerina Georgiou, Ksenia Guseva, Jennifer Pett-Ridge, and Christina Kaiser
Abstract: Soil is organizationally complex and spatially heterogeneous with exceptional microbial diversity that varies in time and space. Hotspots of microbial activity are prevalent, yet they are patchy and periodic and it remains intractable to represent this level of detail in macro-scale soil microbial models. Most macro-scale microbial models have, therefore, been focused on exploring theory and capturing select processes in a simplified way. However, effective equations that account for population- and community-level controls may be needed to suitably capture emergent feedbacks at macro-scales. In this study, we explore the effective relationships that emerge between spatially aggregated carbon pools in a micro-scale soil model with competition and space constraints. Specifically, we use an individual-based, spatially explicit model to simulate the response of soil microbes to a range of scenarios with increasing carbon inputs, including spatially-uniform (homogeneous) and spatially-clumped (heterogeneous) increases, where the input flux integrated over the total area is the same in both scenarios. The latter is meant to mimic hotspots of carbon inputs, for example, in the rhizosphere or near preferential flow paths. We find that competition between microbes and the probability of invasion from neighboring microsites plays a critical role in emergent density-dependent dynamics of microbial growth and turnover. Our study elucidates the role of population-level controls on microbial turnover at macro-scales, and motivates careful consideration of scale-dependent model representations.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. Effect of pore network architecture on the efficiency of microbial soil organic matter decomposition

Author: Magdalena Rath, Ksenia Guseva, and Christina Kaiser
Abstract: Microbial decomposition of soil organic matter is one of the major drivers of nutrient and carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Soils are spatially heterogeneous habitats built up hierarchically from µm- to mm-sized aggregates that provide a complex pore system. An enormous diversity of microbes occupies this physically and chemically heterogeneous pore space. Although, in recent decades the consensus has largely been established, that microbial processes are strongly affected by the architecture of the soil pore space and the patchiness of the substrate distribution within it, still, the integration of pore network characteristics in models of microbial activity is scarce. We use an individual-based modelling approach to address the following questions:How does pore network architecture affect the efficiency of microbial organic matter decomposition? How do pore network properties like average node degree, shortest path length, and clustering coefficient affect the efficiency of organic matter decomposition? What is the effect of additional heterogeneity in pore sizes or distribution of substrate between pores on microbial efficiency? To incorporate the spatial structure the soil pore space that forms microhabitats is modelled as nodes of a network. Specific attributes are assigned to the nodes to describe their physical and biochemical conditions. Microbes inhabit a certain fraction of microhabitats (nodes) of the network and degrade organic matter that is available to them. Depending on microbial growth neighboring pores can be invaded through the connecting links. We were able to identify a number of network properties that affect the spread of microorganisms trough the network and the subsequent decomposition efficiency of the total substrate available in the system. While high clustering of nodes enables nearly complete decomposition of substrate, the presence of highly connected nodes (hubs) can decrease the efficiency of decomposition and lead to higher amount of substrate that remains undegraded. Regarding microbial growth parameters, the system shows a threshold behaviour. If microbial growth stays below a certain threshold value, microbes live only in the initially occupied pores and are not able to invade new pores. When the substrate concentration or the growth rate reaches the threshold value, there is a jump to large-scale invasion of all reachable pores in the network and much higher efficiency in the decomposition. In addition, high heterogeneity in substrate concentration or pore sizes lead to lower invasion efficiency, lower decomposition rate and a higher amount of substrate that is left at the end. Overall, we found that the spatial structure of the pore network had a more pronounced effect on microbial decomposition efficiencies than microbial physiological parameters, such as maximum microbial growth rates or extracellular enzyme kinetics. Our findings allow for better understanding of the impact of soil pore network architecture on microbial processes. This is of high relevance when modelling the response of soil microbial communities to climate change.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Contrasting drivers of belowground nitrogen cycling in a montane grassland exposed to a multifactorial global change experiment with elevated CO 2 , warming, and drought

Author: Tania L. Maxwell, Alberto Canarini, Ivana Bogdanovic, Theresa Böckle, Victoria Martin, Lisa Noll, Judith Prommer, Joana Séneca, Eva Simon, Hans‐Peter Piepho, Markus Herndl, Erich M. Pötsch, Christina Kaiser, Andreas Richter, Michael Bahn, and Wolfgang Wanek
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Environmental Chemistry, General Environmental Science
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. The fine-scale (spatial) organisation of the soil microbiome

Author: Christina Kaiser, Eva Simon, Sean Darcy, Ksenia Guseva, Lauren Alteio, Christian Ranits, Kian Jenab, Hannes Schmidt, and Petra Pjevac
Abstract: Soil harbours a huge diversity of soil microbes. One reason for this is thought to be its small-scale chemical and physical heterogeneity, which offers innumerable different parallel habitats and thus niches for the development of microbial communities. However, while microbial diversity and soil microbial composition are usually assessed using gram-sized homogenized soil samples, knowledge of how microbes are actually spatially organized at smaller scales is lacking. This not only hampers our ability to link microbial communities to their chemical environment or to functions they may mediate, but also limits our understanding of potential scale-dependent drivers of soil organic matter turnover. Here, we investigated fungal and bacterial community composition together with selected biogeochemical parameters across different spatial scales in a Beech forest soil. We picked around 200 individual two mm-sized soil aggregates, i.e. small soil clumps that sticked together and could be collected with a tweezer, from fourty 35 ml-sized soil cores (i.e. 4-5 aggregates per core) in two different soil depths across a 800 m2 forest area. The remaining soil cores were homogenized. We carried out amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (for bacteria/archea) and the ITS region (for fungi) from individual soil aggregates and the homogenized soil cores, and additionally measured C, N, δ15N and δ13C from both sample types. Microbial community compositions of individual aggregates were highly distinct from each other, and from their composite ‘parent’ soil core, exemplifying a high spatial hetereogeneity of microbial communities at that small scale. Delta13C values were constantly higher in individual aggregates compared to their composite ‘parent’ core, indicating that they were relatively enriched in C that already underwent microbial recycling. We found a striking correlation between C concentration and δ13C values across all individual aggregates, suggesting that the aggregates remain intact long enough to allow for continued degradation and recycling, and hence 13C enrichment of the encapsulated C compounds. The variations of C concentration and δ13C across individual aggregates are partially explained by variations in community composition at this small scale. Overall our data shows that mm-sized soil aggregates host distinct microbial communities which may be linked to a certain recycling state of C. This suggests that aggregates are pieces of soil that stick together for a significant amount of time, allowing them to act as functional units of soil C degradation, and possibly as ‘evolutionary incubators’, as was previously hypothesized. We conclude that investigating microbial community structure and distribution at these small scales in the soil offer a promising way forward to better understand possible links between microbial community composition and soil functions.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. A rapid and sensitive assay to quantify amino sugars, neutral sugars and uronic acid necromass biomarkers using pre-column derivatization, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry

Author: Erika Salas, Markus Gorfer, Dragana Bandian, Baorong Wang, Christina Kaiser, and Wolfgang Wanek
Subjects: Neutral sugars, UPLC-Orbitrap MS, Isotopic enrichment precision, Microbial necromass biomarkers, Amino sugars, Soil Science, Microbiology, PMP derivatization, Uronic acids
Abstract: The abstract is available here: https://uscholar.univie.ac.at/o:1639163
Published: 2023

30. Mid-gap trap state-mediated dark current in organic photodiodes

Author: Oskar J. Sandberg, Christina Kaiser, Stefan Zeiske, Nasim Zarrabi, Sam Gielen, Wouter Maes, Koen Vandewal, Paul Meredith, Ardalan Armin, Sandberg, Oskar J., Kaiser, Christina, Zeiske, Stefan, Zarrabi, Nasim, GIELEN, Sam, MAES, Wouter, VANDEWAL, Koen, Meredith, Paul, and Armin, Ardalan
Subjects: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract: Researchers demonstrate that the dark saturation current in organic photodiodes is fundamentally limited by mid-gap trap states. This leads to an upper limit for specific detectivity. Photodiodes are ubiquitous in industry and consumer electronics. Constantly emerging new applications for photodiodes demand different mechanical and optoelectronic properties from those provided by conventional inorganic-based semiconductor devices. This has stimulated considerable interest in the use of organic semiconductors, which provide a vast palette of available optoelectronic properties, can be incorporated into flexible form factor geometries, and promise low-cost, low-embodied energy manufacturing from earth-abundant materials. The sensitivity of a photodiode depends critically on the dark current. Organic photodiodes (OPDs), however, are characterized by a much higher dark current than expected for thermally excited radiative transitions. Here we show that the dark saturation current in OPDs is fundamentally limited by mid-gap trap states. This new insight is generated by the universal trend observed for the dark saturation current of a large set of OPDs and further substantiated by sensitive external-quantum-efficiency- and temperature-dependent current measurements. Based on this insight, an upper limit for the specific detectivity is established. A detailed understanding of the origins of noise in any detector is fundamental to defining performance limitations and thus is critical to materials and device selection, and design and optimization for all applications. Our work establishes these important principles for OPDs. This work was funded through the Welsh Government’s Sêr Cymru II Program ‘Sustainable Advanced Materials’ (Welsh European Funding Ofice—European Regional Development Fund). C.K. is recipient of a UKRI EPSRC Doctoral Training Program studentship. P.M. is a Sêr Cymru II Research Chair and A.A. is a Rising Star Fellow also funded through the Welsh Government’s Sêr Cymru II ‘Sustainable Advanced Materials’ Program (European Regional Development Fund, Welsh European Funding Ofice and Swansea University Strategic Initiative). This work was also funded by UKRI through the EPSRC Programme grant EP/T028513/1 Application Targeted Integrated Photovoltaics. S.G. acknowledges the Research Foundation–Flanders (FWO Vlaanderen) for granting him a PhD fellowship. K.V. and W.M. are grateful for project funding by the FWO (G0D0118N, G0B2718N and GOH3816NAUHL).
Published: 2023

31. Impact of patient nationality on the severity of early side effects after radiotherapy

Author: Mümtaz Köksal, Romy Streppel, Stefan Hauser, Alina Abramian, Christina Kaiser, Maria Gonzalez-Carmona, Georg Feldmann, Niklas Schäfer, Sebastian Koob, Mohammed Banat, Motaz Hamed, Frank A. Giordano, and Leonard C. Schmeel
Subjects: Cancer Research, Oncology, General Medicine
Abstract: Background Major demographical changes in Germany commenced in the 1960s. Ongoing humanitarian crises in the Ukraine with subsequent immigration will have also long-range effects on national provision of cancer treatment. Ensuring the best possible outcomes for each cancer patient undergoing radiotherapy requires the prediction and prevention of unfavorable side effects. Given that recent research has primarily focused on clinical outcome indicators solely, less is known regarding sociodemographic predictors of therapeutic outcomes, such as patient nationality. Here, we investigated whether the severity of early side effects after radiotherapy are associated with patient nationality and other sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Methods Out of 9187 patients treated at a German university medical center between 2017 and 2021, 178 German and 178 non-German patients were selected for matched-pair analysis based on diagnostic and demographic criteria. For all 356 patients, data on side effects from follow-up care after radiotherapy were collected. Results Non-German patients were more likely to have severe side effects than German patients. Side effect severity was also associated with tumor entity, concomitant therapy, body mass index, and age. Conclusion Foreign cancer patients are at higher risk of experiencing severe side effects of radiotherapy, suggesting a need to develop and implement targeted preventive measures for these patients. Further research investigating factors predicting the occurrence of radiotherapy side effects, including other sociodemographic characteristics, is needed to better personalize therapy regimens for cancer.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Recently photoassimilated carbon and fungus‐delivered nitrogen are spatially correlated in the ectomycorrhizal tissue of Fagus sylvatica

Author: Werner Mayerhofer, Victoria Martin, Michael Wagner, Marlies Dietrich, Andreas Richter, Dagmar Woebken, Julia Wiesenbauer, Marieluise Weidinger, Peta L. Clode, Raphael Gabriel, Siegfried Reipert, Stefan Gorka, Christina Kaiser, and Arno Schintlmeister
Subjects: Hypha, Nitrogen, Physiology, chemistry.chemical_element, Plant Science, Root system, Plant Roots, ectomycorrhiza, reciprocal rewards, Symbiosis, Fagus sylvatica, Mycorrhizae, nitrogen (N), Botany, Fagus, NanoSIMS, Beech, recent photosynthates, biology, carbon, resource exchange, biology.organism_classification, Carbon, Ectomycorrhiza, chemistry, Fagus sylvatica (beech), Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry
Abstract: Ectomycorrhizal plants trade plant-assimilated carbon for soil nutrients with their fungal partners. The underlying mechanisms, however, are not fully understood. Here we investigate the exchange of carbon for nitrogen in the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis of Fagus sylvatica across different spatial scales from the root system to the cellular level. We provided 15N-labelled nitrogen to mycorrhizal hyphae associated with one half of the root system of young beech trees, while exposing plants to a 13CO2 atmosphere. We analysed the short-term distribution of 13C and 15N in the root system with isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, and at the cellular scale within a mycorrhizal root tip with nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). At the root system scale, plants did not allocate more 13C to root parts that received more 15N. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging, however, revealed a highly heterogenous, and spatially significantly correlated distribution of 13C and 15N at the cellular scale. Our results indicate that, on a coarse scale, plants do not allocate a larger proportion of photoassimilated C to root parts associated with N-delivering ectomycorrhizal fungi. Within the ectomycorrhizal tissue, however, recently plant-assimilated C and fungus-delivered N were spatially strongly coupled. Here, NanoSIMS visualisation provides an initial insight into the regulation of ectomycorrhizal C and N exchange at the microscale.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. Molecular and Immune Correlates of PDCD1 (PD-1), PD-L1 (CD274), and PD-L2 (PDCD1LG2) DNA Methylation in Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Author: Jennifer Landsberg, Dimo Dietrich, Christina Kaiser, Heidrun Gevensleben, Niklas Klümper, Sebastian Strieth, Michael Hölzel, A Faridi, Alina Abramian, Romina Zarbl, and Damian J. Ralser
Subjects: Pharmacology, Cancer Research, Tumor microenvironment, biology, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor, Immunology, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms, Methylation, DNA Methylation, Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein, B7-H1 Antigen, Immune checkpoint, Epigenesis, Genetic, Immune system, PD-L1, DNA methylation, Leukocytes, Tumor Microenvironment, Cancer research, biology.protein, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Female, Epigenetics, Triple-negative breast cancer
Abstract: Immune checkpoints are important targets in oncological therapy. Recent studies have proven efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) in treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, only a proportion of TNBC-patients benefit from ICI. Thus, current scientific efforts in this context are focused on the identification of a robust biomarker that enables patient stratification. In the present study, we investigated the epigenetic regulation of PD-1 (PDCD1), PD-L1 (CD274), and PD-L2 (PDCD1LG2). Methylation data of PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2, and complex immunogenomic data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Methylation were systematically analyzed with regard to the transcriptional activity of the studied immune checkpoint genes and the tumor microenvironment. We found differential methylation of PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 in normal adjacent tissue and TNBC tumor tissue. In the TNBC-TCGA cohort, methylation status of PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 were significantly correlated with mRNA levels indicating a strong epigenetic regulation of the transcriptional activity. Moreover, PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 methylation status was strongly associated with a distinct immune cell infiltration pattern. Our results indicate an epigenetic regulation of immune checkpoint genes through DNA methylation in TNBC. In addition, the methylation status was associated with a distinct composition of the tumor microenvironment. Overall, this provides a strong rationale for assessing the value of PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 DNA methylation to predict response to ICI and immunogenicity in TNBC.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. How Do Employee Incentives Work? A Systematic Review with Implications for Research and Practice

Author: Theresa Christina Kaiser and Alwine Mohnen
Subjects: General Medicine
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia : Symptoms and diagnostic latency

Author: C Lueb, Philipp Marius Dahlfrancis, Urban W. Geisthoff, Stephan Lang, Cornelius H. L. Kuerten, Kruthika Thangavelu, Freya Droege, Friederike Kaster, Christina Kaiser, Eleni Zioga, and Julia Dingemann
Subjects: Gynecology, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, 0302 clinical medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, business.industry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Medizin, medicine, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, business
Abstract: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Patienten mit hereditärer hämorrhagischer Teleangiektasie (HHT) leiden unter einer systemischen Erkrankung des Gefäßbindegewebes, bei der eine Vielzahl verschiedener Symptome auftritt. Material und Methoden Die Daten aller Patienten, die sich von April 2014 bis August 2019 im Westdeutschen Morbus-Osler-Zentrum vorstellten, wurden in einer retrospektiven Studie analysiert. Ergebnisse Bei 235 Patienten konnte die Diagnose HHT als definitiv (235/282; 83 %) und bei 26 als möglich gestellt werden (26/282; 9 %). Die mittlere diagnostische Latenz zwischen Erstsymptomen und Diagnose betrug 18 Jahre. Direkte oder indirekte Blutungszeichen wurden oft als erste Symptome der Erkrankung HHT genannt (224/241; 93 %). 83 % der Patienten mit einem Grad der Behinderung gaben HHT als Hauptursache an. Insbesondere ältere, weibliche Patienten bzw. Patienten mit starker Epistaxis litten an einer chronischen Eisenmangelanämie (Eisensubstitution:148/261; 57 %; Erythrozytenkonzentrate: Mittelwert: 9 ± Standardabweichung: 41, Minimum – Maximum: 0–400, Anzahl der Patienten: 218). 10 % erhielten eine Thrombozytenaggregationshemmung oder Antikoagulation und tolerierten diese. 74 % der Patienten mit HHT pflegten ihre Nasenschleimhaut (177/238) und zeigten weniger Blutungen als Patienten ohne Nasenpflege (ESS: t-Test: 3,193; p = 0,003; Anämie: Chi-Quadrat: 5,173; p = 0,023). Schlussfolgerungen Die Diagnoselatenz der Erkrankung HHT betrug knapp 2 Jahrzehnte. Patienten mit HHT leiden insbesondere an rezidivierenden Blutungen, die dabei meistindizierte Behandlung der ersten Wahl ist eine konsequente Nasenpflege und verschiedene koagulative Therapieoptionen. Bei Begleiterkrankungen mit Indikation zur Gerinnungshemmung lohnt es sich meist, deren Einsatz zu versuchen.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. Aufbau und Entwicklung eines interdisziplinären Zentrums für hereditäre hämorrhagische Teleangiektasie

Author: Christina Kaiser, Philipp Marius Dahlfrancis, Julia Dingemann, U Geisthoff, Cornelius H. L. Kuerten, C Lueb, Freya Droege, K Thangavelu, Stephan Lang, Ulrich Sure, Corinna Meyer, Eleni Zioga, and Friederike Kaster
Subjects: Gynecology, 0303 health sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, 0302 clinical medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, business.industry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Medizin, Medicine, business, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die hereditäre hämorrhagische Teleangiektasie (HHT) ist eine seltene, systemische Erbkrankheit, die durch mukokutane und viszerale Gefäßmalformationen gekennzeichnet ist. Ein interdisziplinäres Behandlungskonzept in HHT-Zentren wird empfohlen. Material und Methoden In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden Strukturen, Prozesse und die Daten aller Patienten analysiert, die von April 2014 bis August 2019 in unserem neu gegründeten HHT-Zentrum behandelt wurden. Ergebnisse Innerhalb des Universitätsklinikums Essen wurde zunächst ein Netzwerk von über 20 verschiedenen Fachabteilungen zur Behandlung von Patienten mit HHT aufgebaut. Von den 282 Patienten, die sich seit der Zentrumsgründung mit möglicher HHT im Westdeutschen Morbus-Osler-Zentrum vorstellten, wurde bei 261 Patienten (93 %) die Diagnose als möglich angesehen. Die meisten Patienten wiesen multiple Symptome auf (Epistaxis und/oder Teleangiektasien: je > 80 %, viszerale Beteiligung: 65 %), welche häufiger eine Behandlung im interdisziplinären Rahmen erforderten. Über 900 E-Mails fielen jährlich für die direkte Behandlung der Patienten mit HHT, deren Koordination, Kooperationen und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit an. Durch den internationalen Austausch innerhalb des Europäischen Referenznetzwerks für multisystemische vaskuläre Erkrankungen (VASCERN) ist eine Behandlung auf aktuellem Stand auch bei komplexen Fragestellungen gewährleistet. Schlussfolgerungen Ein HHT-Zentrum beinhaltet ein interdisziplinäres Netzwerk von medizinischen Fachrichtungen, bei denen die Abläufe durch Prozesse definiert und durch eine wirksame Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Schulungs- und Veröffentlichungstätigkeit gekennzeichnet sind.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

37. Opportunities and Challenges in Translational Research: The Development of Photodynamic Therapy and Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Drugs

Author: Christina Kaiser Marko and Joan W. Miller
Subjects: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, genetic structures, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, medicine.medical_treatment, VEGF receptors, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Photodynamic therapy, Translational research, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Subspecialty, Translational Research, Biomedical, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Retinal Diseases, Ranibizumab, Research Support as Topic, 0502 economics and business, medicine, Humans, Anti vegf, Retina, biology, business.industry, Research, Health Policy, Growth factor, 05 social sciences, General Medicine, Aptamers, Nucleotide, Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Issues, ethics and legal aspects, Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, medicine.anatomical_structure, Photochemotherapy, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Cancer research, biology.protein, sense organs, business, 050203 business & management
Abstract: The development of photodynamic therapy and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents have revolutionized the treatment of retinal diseases, transforming the retina subspecialty by ushering in an age of pharmacological treatments for a wide range of diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. Experimental Evidence Relating Charge-Transfer-State Kinetics and Strongly Reduced Bimolecular Recombination in Organic Solar Cells

Author: Nasim Zarrabi, Ardalan Armin, Jegadesan Subbiah, Paul Meredith, Christina Kaiser, David J. Jones, and Oskar J. Sandberg
Subjects: Solvent, Organic semiconductor, Organic solar cell, Annealing (metallurgy), Chemical physics, Kinetics, General Materials Science, Detailed balance, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Dissociation (chemistry), Recombination
Abstract: Significantly reduced bimolecular recombination relative to the Langevin recombination rate has been observed in a limited number of donor-acceptor organic semiconductor blends. The strongly reduced recombination has been previously attributed to a high probability for the interfacial charge-transfer (CT) states (formed upon charge encounter) to dissociate back to free charges. However, whether the reduced recombination is due to a suppressed CT-state decay rate or an improved dissociation rate has remained a matter of conjecture. Here we investigate a donor-acceptor material system that exhibits significantly reduced recombination upon solvent annealing. On the basis of detailed balance analysis and the accurate characterization of CT-state parameters, we provide experimental evidence that an increase in the dissociation rate of CT states upon solvent annealing is responsible for the reduced recombination. We attribute this to the presence of purer and more percolated domains in the solvent-annealed system, which may, therefore, have a stronger entropic driving force for CT dissociation.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. Retrospective analysis of intraoperative ECAP (electric compound action potentials) data from 812 patients treated with cochlear implants

Author: Christina Kaiser, Stefan Hans, LauraChristine Holtmann, Moritz Meyer, Benedikt Höing, Lea Jung, Steohan Lang, and Diana Arweiler-Harbeck
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

40. Clinical relevance of iron deficiency anemia and thrombocyctosis in hereditary hemorrhagic teleangiectasia (HHT)

Author: MarieCarolin Schleupner, Julia Garvert, Cornelius Kürten, Christina Kaiser, Stephan Lang, Charlotte Rössler, FeliciaMareen Toppe, and Freya Dröge
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. Klinische Relevanz von Eisenmangel und Thrombozytose bei Hereditärer Hämorrhagischer Teleangiektasie

Author: Marie Carolin Schleupner, Julia Garvert, Cornelius Kürten, Christina Kaiser, Stephan Lang, Charlotte Rössler, Mareen Felicia Toppe, and Freya Dröge
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. Retrospektive Analyse intraoperativer ECAP (electric compound action potentials) Daten von 812 mit Cochlea Implantaten versorgten Patienten

Author: Christina Kaiser, Stefan Hans, Laura Christine Holtmann, Moritz Meyer, Benedikt Höing, Lea Jung, Steohan Lang, and Diana Arweiler-Harbeck
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. One-time freeze-thawing or carbon input events have long-term legacies in soil microbial communities

Author: Stefan Gorka, Christian Ranits, Shasha Zhang, Bruna Imai, Ksenia Guseva, and Christina Kaiser
Subjects: Soil Science
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study

Author: Dmitri Nepogodiev, Joana Ff Simoes, Elizabeth Li, Maria Picciochi, James C Glasbey, Glauco Baiocchi, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Daoud Chaudhry, Ehab AlAmeer, Kariem El-Boghdadly, Funmilola Wuraola, Dhruva Ghosh, Rohan R Gujjuri, Ewen M Harrison, Herman Lule, Haytham Kaafarani, Mohammad Khosravi, Irmgard Kronberger, Sezai Leventoğlu, Harvinder Mann, Kenneth A Mclean, Mengistu Gebreyohanes Mengesha, Maria Marta Modolo, Faustin Ntirenganya, Lisa Norman, Oumaima Outani, Riinu Pius, Peter Pockney, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, April Camilla Roslani, Sohei Satoi, Catherine Shaw, Aneel Bhangu, Omar M Omar, Waheed-Ul-Rahman Ahmed, Leah Argus, Alasdair Ball, Edward P Bywater, Amanpreet Brar, Brett E Dawson, Irani Duran, Muhammed Elhadi, Conor S Jones, Sivesh K Kamarajah, James M Keatley, Samuel Lawday, Ella J Marson, Riinu Ots, Irène Santos, Elliott H Taylor, Isobel M Trout, Chris Varghese, Mary L Venn, William Xu, Irida Dajti, Arben Gjata, Salah Eddine Oussama Kacimi, Luis Boccalatte, Daniel Cox, Philip Townend, Felix Aigner, Irmgard Elisabeth Kronberger, Elgun Samadov, Amer Alderazi, Kamral Hossain, Greg Padmore, Gabrielle van Ramshorst, Ismaïl Lawani, Anis Cerovac, Samir Delibegovic, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Igor Lima Buarque, Muhammad Gohar, Mihail Slavchev, Chukwuemeka Nwegbu, Arnav Agarwal, Janet Martin, Joshua Ng-Kamstra, Maricarmen Olivos, Wenhui Lou, Dong-Lin Ren, Jose Andres Calvache, Carlos J Perez Rivera, Ana Danic Hadzibegovic, Tomislav Kopjar, Jakov Mihanovic, Pablo Mijahil Avilés Jiménez, Nikolaos Gouvas, Jaroslav Klat, René Novysedlák, Nicolas Amisi, Peter Christensen, Alaa El-Hussuna, Sylvia Batista, Eddy Lincango-Naranjo, Sameh Emile, Danilo Alfonso Arévalo Sandoval, Hailu Dhufera, Samuel Hailu, Mengistu G Mengesha, Joonas H Kauppila, Alexis P Arnaud, Zaza Demetrashvili, Markus Albertsmeier, Hans Lederhuber, Markus W Löffler, Daniel Kwesi Acquah, Bernard Ofori, Stephen Tabiri, Symeon Metallidis, Georgios Tsoulfas, Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Gustavo Recinos, Tamás Mersich, Dániel Wettstein, Gabriele Kembuan, Peiman Brouki Milan, Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Masoud Mozafari, Ahmed Hilmi, Helen Mohan, Oded Zmora, Gaetano Gallo, Francesco Pata, Gianluca Pellino, Yuki Fujimoto, Naoto Kuroda, Mohamad K Abou Chaar, Faris Ayasra, Ildar Fakhradiyev, Intisar Hisham Said Hamdun, Jang Jin-Young, Mohammad Jamal, Lina Karout, Aiste Gulla, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Luc Hervé Samison, Iran Irani Durán Sánchez, Diana Samantha Gonzalez, Laura Martinez, María José Martínez, Alejandra Nayen, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Jade Nunez, Pueya Rashid Nashidengo, Rakesh Shah, Ashish Lal Shrestha, Pascal Jonker, Schelto Kruijff, Milou Noltes, Pieter Steinkamp, Deborah Wright, Lukman Abdur-Rahman, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Adewale Adisa, Babatunde Osinaike, Justina Seyi-Olajide, Omolara Williams, Emmanuel Williams, Sofija Pejkova, Zainab Al Balushi, Raza Sayyed, Mustafa Abo Mohsen, Sadi A Abukhalaf, Moises Cukier, Hugo Gomez-Fernandez, Sebastian Shu Yip, Ximena Paola Vasquez Ojeda, Marie Dione Sacdalan, Piotr Major, José Azevedo, Miguel F Cunha, Ahmad Zarour, Eduard-Alexandru Bonci, Ionut Negoi, Sergey Efetov, Viktor Kochetkov, Andrey Litvin, Jc Allen Ingabire, Georges Bucyibaruta, Ntirenganya Faustin, Sosthene Habumuremyi, Alphonsine Imanishimwe, Haragirimana Jean de Dieu, Emmanuel Munyaneza, Isaie Ncogoza, Ehab Alameer, Abdourahmane Ndong, Dejan Radenkovic, Min Hoe Chew, Frederick Koh, James Ngu, Arpád Panyko, Uros Bele, Jurij Aleš Košir, Hassan Daoud, Ana Maria Minaya Bravo, Umesh Jayarajah, Dakshitha Wickramasinghe, Mohammed Elmujtba Adam Essa Adam, Martin Rutegård, Malin Sund, Michel Adamina, Eleftherios Gialamas, Karoline Horisberger, Muhammad Alshaar, Abel Huang, Varut Lohsiriwat, Shane Charles, Haithem Jlassi, Arda Isik, Hervé Monka Lekuya, Slava Kopetskyi, Hayder Alsaadi, Sattar Alshryda, Osaid Alser, Brittany Bankhead-Kendall, Kerry Breen, Hassan Mashbari, Fernando Bonilla Cal, Hamza Al-Naggar, Mayaba Maimbo, Dennis Mazingi, Tom Abbott, Melika Akhbari, Ruth Benson, Shivam Bhanderi, Bruce Biccard, Edward Caruana, Sohini Chakrabortee, Reema Chapatwala, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Andreas K Demetriades, Anant Desai, Salomone Di Saverio, Thomas Drake, John Edwards, Jonathan Evans, Marco Fiore, Samuel Ford, Christina Fotopoulou, Alexander Fowler, Kaori Futaba, Ian Ganly, Harelimana Grace James, Ewen Griffiths, Alessandro Gronchi, Peter Hutchinson, Gabriella Yael Hyman, Joseph Incorvia, Ritu Jain, Michael Jenkinson, Tabassum Khan, Stephen Richard Knight, Angelos Kolias, Søren Kudsk-Iversen, Tsun Yu Kwan, Elaine Leung, Julio Mayol, Siobhan McKay, John G Meara, Emily Mills, Susan Moug, Akshay Patel, Roberto Perinotti, Henry E Rice, Keith Roberts, Andrew Schache, Richard Shaw, Neil Smart, Matthew Stephens, Grant D Stewart, Ella Teasdale, Peter Vaughan-Shaw, Raghavan Vidya, Naomi Wright, Natalie Zimmelman, Ervis Agastra, Dariel Thereska, Sergio Martin Lucchini, Veronica Laudani, Carina Chwat, Ivana Ines Pedraza Salazar, Diana Alejandra Pantoja Pachajoa, Agustin Duro, José Alfredo Calderón Arancibia, Giuliana D'Aulerio, Nagendra Dudi-Venkata, Natasha Egoroff, Shebani Farik, Natalie Lott, Jana-Lee Moss, Sarah Rennie, Lorwai Tan, Uyen Giao Vo, David Watson, David Watters, Tim Bright, Paul Hollington, Xuanyu Zhou, Hidde M Kroon, Anthony Farfus, John Barker, Eleanor Watson, Sean Stevens, Haider Latif, Amanda Caroline Dawson, Alwin Chuan, Vijayaragavan Muralidharan, Enoch Wong, Travis Ackermann, Maurizio Pacilli, Russell Hodgson, Alexander Heriot, Peter Choong, Wendy Brown, Surjit Lidder, Justin Yeung, Luke Traeger, Guillermo Regalo, Ralph Gourlay, Sarit Badiani, Cherry Koh, Soni Putnis, Fayza Haider, Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Niels Komen, Bert Dhondt, Serge Cappeliez, Manon Pigeolet, Martijn Schoneveld, Jasper Stijns, Wouter Oosterlinck, Nicolas Flamey, Cyrille Kpangon, Mouhamed Agbadebo, S Mèvo Romaric Tobome, Aldo Vieira Barros, Samuel Aguiar Júnior, Heloisa Galvão do Amaral Campos, Jefferson Gross, Felipe José Fernandez Coimbra, Luiz Paulo Kowalski, Fabiana Makdissi, Suely Nakagawa, Joao Pedreira Duprat Neto, Jose Guilherme Vartanian, Guilherme Yazbek, Stenio C Zequi, Ronald Flumignan, Natalia Jaworska, Angela Dell, Harsha Shanthanna, Abdollah Behzadi, Carolyn Nessim, Michelle Mozel, Pascal St-Germain, Crispin Russell, Gary Groot, Najib Safieddine, Duminda Wijeysundera, Antoine Eskander, Sami Chadi, Shawn MacKenzie, Alana Flexman, Fernando Heredia, Julio Villanueva, Sofia Waissbluth, Roberto Macchiavello, Mario I Escudero, Tyare Fuentes, Ximena Mimica, Dinimo Bolivar Saenz, Lina Caicedo, Juan Pablo Alzate, Joaquin Luna, Nestor Fabian Pedraza Alonso, Camilo Ortiz Silva, Juliana Rodriguez, Liliana Silva-Igua, Martha Luz Torres, Lina María Trujillo, Albaro José Nieto Calvache, Julián Balanta-Melo, Rafael Figueroa-Casanova, Oscar-Julián García-Montoya, Carlos Andres Marulanda Toro, Marcela Velez Botero, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Eneida Diaz Martinez, Valentina Gutiérrez Perdomo, Emileth Montenegro, Julia Rodriguez-Abreu, Dolores Mejía, Galal Abouelnagah, Sameh Shehata, Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad Rida, Ramy A Hassan, Mahmoud M Saad, Mohamed Reda Loaloa, Badr Mostafa, Mohamed Qassem, Mohamed Fahmy, Hesham Abozied, Ahmed Y Azzam, Sherief Ghozy, Asser Sallam, Ahmed Shehta, Mohamed Abdelkhalek, Rehab Samaka, Amr Morsy, Ahmed Elshawadfy Sherif, Abraham Negussie, Tigist Fisseha, Kibruyisfaw Shumbash, Metasebia Abebe, Seid Mohammed Yasin, Yemisirach Bizuneh Akililu, Abebe Megersa, Teshome Tefera, Melatework Assefa, Bahru Atnafu, Bereket Tsegaye, Yoseph Solomon Bezabih, Silamlak Sisay, Kebebe Bekele, Moa Jira, Habtamu Derilo, Eyueal Degefa, Anteneh Tadesse, Melkamu Nidaw, Elise Sarjanoja, Sylvie Testelin, Sophie Boucher, Lionel Jouffret, Zaher Lakkis, Alban Zarzavadjian Le Bian, Luke Harper, Marc Danguy des Déserts, Benoît André, Karem Slim, Romain Verhaeghe, Andrea Police, Edouard Girard, Alexandre Chebaro, Armande Subayi Nkembi, Laurent Arnalsteen, Quentin Ballouhey, Diane Mege, Clement Jeandel, Emilie Duchalais, Pierre-Alban Bouche, Gilles Manceau, Célia Crétolle, Erik Hervieux, Noémie Girard, Agathe Seguin-Givelet, Sebastien Gaujoux, Belinda De Simone, Matthieu Boisson, Damien Bergeat, Fabien Fredon, Francesco Nappi, Radwan Kassir, Aurélien Scalabre, Federico Migliorelli, Anne-Cecile Ezanno, Barbara Seeliger, Charlotte Vaysse, Helene Charbonneau, Vincent Misrai, Olivier Abbo, Martina Aida Angeles, Laurent Brunaud, Ali Modabber, Sebastian Wolf, Carsten Kamphues, Philipp Höhn, Tim R Glowka, Alexander Christopher Rokohl, Ulrich Bork, Georg Fluegen, Raymund E Horch, Andrea Schmedding, Andreas Schnitzbauer, Helge Eberbach, Daniel Schlager, Fritz Spelsberg, Lena Keppler, Andreas Hecker, Susanne Wolfer, Ulrich Ronellenfitsch, Christine Nitschke, Christian Peiper, Ibrahim Hakami, Stefan Welter, Karine Nikolaieva, Andreas Roth, Judith Lindert, Konstantinos Gousias, Anke Rissmann, Valerie Catherine Linz, Nuh Rahbari, Marie-Claire Rassweiler-Seyfried, Anna Eleonora Gut, Jens Gempt, Daniel Reim, Arthur Wagner, Alexander M Keppler, Mircea Gabriel Stoleriu, Tim Saier, Josef Stadler, Julia Christina Kaiser, Stefan M Brunner, Karin Pfister, Jonas Herzberg, Kai Nowak, Tobias Reinhard, Gregor A Stavrou, Alfred Königsrainer, Christian Konrads, Markus Quante, Simon Laban, Silke von Pusch, Markus Hirschburger, Johannes Doerner, Armin Wiegering, Ekaterini Christina Tampaki, Alitza Gutiérrez Ruiz, Alejandra Rodas, Ana Lucía Portilla, Jacqueline Carrera, Amalia Barrios Duarte, Megan Lowey, Sabrina Barillas, Atul Suroy, Dhaivat Vaishnav, Raghunandan Gorantlu Chowdappa, Irappa Madabhavi, Dhananjaya Bhat, Sunil Kumar Venkatappa, Sumit Thakar, Kavitha Jain, Aruna Kumar, Manoj Nagar, Tushar Mishra, Arunkumar Sekar, Anand Gupta, Lileswar Kaman, Madhivanan Karthigeyan, Manjul Tripathi, Ashwin Rammohan, Sudheer Othiyil Vayoth, Anupama Rajanbabu, Anbukkani Subbian, Rahul Gupta, Monish Raut, Nissi Evelyn, R Lavanya Kannaiyan, Anil Matai, Sanjeev Misra, Vishal Bhende, Sathish Muthu, Indranil Ghosh, Abhishek Sharma, Ankur Bajaj, Shiv Rajan, Gaurav Agarwal, Pranay Pawar, Philip Alexander, M Vijayakumar Vijayakumar, Zeeshan Hameed, L Badareesh, Navneet Kumar Chaudhry, Lipika Baliarsing, Satish Dharap, Amruta Kulkarni, Yuvaraja Thyavihally, Rahul Deo Sharma, C S Pramesh, Rajesh Soni, Surya Kumar Dube, Shilpa Sharma, Harvinder Singh, Lovenish Bains, Rahul Ghodke, Ashwani Kumar, Vivek Sodhai, Suvendu Maji, Somprakas Basu, Chandrashekhar Mahakalkar, Ravi Kannan, Asif Mehraj, N Ranganath, Ashish Phadnis, I Yadev, Alfie Kavalakat, Rohin Mittal, Karthik Chandra Vallam, Hamed Akhavizadegan, Esmaeil Rezghi Maleki, Naser Yousefzadeh Kandevani, Hilary Ikele, Catherine McNestry, Christina Fleming, Stephen O'Brien, Sami Abd Elwahab, Niall Davis, Mohsen Javadpour, Brendan McDonnell, Clare O Connor, Jarlath Bolger, Cillian Clancy, Stefanie M Croghan, Noel Donlon, Carolyn Cullinane, Ben Creavin, Muheilan Muheilan, Helen Earley, Syed Mohammad Umar Kabir, Muhammad Fahadullah, Éanna Ryan, Tara Connelly, Daisuke Hashimoto, Majdi Ali Alqudah, Amer Alajalen, Rand Y Omari, Abdulrahman Qasem, Yazan Alawneh, Amer Ahmad, Omar Aladawi, Bourhan Alrayes, Hanan Haidar, Shatha Husain, Faisal Qassem, Adnan Sumadi, Ala'a Abu Salhiyeh, Balqees Mahmoud Al-Manaseer, Zaid Alsunna, Hazim Ra'ed, Faten Reyad Bani Hamad, Amro Abuleil, Elmi Ahmed Mohamed Jimaale, Marah Abu-Mehsen, Noor Olaywah, Omar Wafi, Hazim Ababneh, Luai Abu-Ismail, Almu'atasim Khamees, Ahmad Alkhatib, Raikhan Bolatbekova, Mukhtar Kulimbet, Talgat Nurgozhin, Timur Saliev, Baurzhan Zhussupov, Ydyrys Almabayev, Dilyara Kaidarova, Khalil Tamoos, Ahmed Aqeelah, Alsnosy Abdullah Khalefa Mohammed, Faraj Al Maadany, Ghadah Alkadeeki, Milad Gahwagi, Wafa Aldressi, Mohamed Amnaina, Arowa Hassan Abdulrahman Alansari, Akram Alkaseek, Ghozlan Yagoub, Anass Ben Amer, Marwa Salem, Ayman Almugaddami, Dania Burgan, Mohammed Abdelkabir, Khayriyah Alshareef, Rayet Al Islam Ben Jouira, Ayman Meelad, Ahmad Bouhuwaish, Sumayya Essayah Dwaga, Houda Khalifa, Bushray Almiqlash, Taha Suliaman, Mohammed Alawami, Fras Elhajdawe, Hajir Aboazamazem, Ibrahim Ellojli, Ahmed Msherghi, Ismail Ali Saleh, Mohammed Alayan, Marcel Didier Ndayishyigikiye, Akutu Munyika, Philipp Plarre, David W Borowski, Cameron Wells, Rebecca Teague, Brodie Elliott, David Kieser, Omar Mohyieldin, Nick McIntosh, Cheyaanthan Haran, Jasmin King, Jeong Ha, Matthew James McGuinness, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Julius Olaogun, Akinola Akinmade, Kefas Bwala, Peter Agbonrofo, Akinwale Afolabi, Usang Usang, Sebastian Ekenze, Samson Olori, Taiwo Akeem Lawal, Abiodun Okunlola, Stephen Kache, Danjuma Sale, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Chukwuma Okereke, Musliu Adetola Tolani, Venko Filipce, Lazar Todorovic, Sotir Stavridis, John George Massoud, Sareyah Alsibai, Rizwan Sultan, Humera Naz Altaf, Abu Bakar Hafeez Bhatti, Shahzad Hussain Waqar, Aliya Aziz, Asad Ali Kerawala, Lajpat Rai, Mariyah Anwer, Aiman Tariq, Bushra Ayub, Sami Ullah Niazi, Muhammad Yasir Naseem, Muhammad Zeeshan Sarwar, Muhammad Imran Khokhar, Imdad Ahmad Zahid, Haroon Javaid Majid, Nabila Talat, Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Hamid Chaudhary, Umer Farooq, Siddique Ahmad, Waleed Mabood, Syed Imran Bukhari, Muhammad Tariq, Eesha Yaqoob, Saad Javed, Muhammad Usman Malik, Hassan Nawaz Yaqoob, Glenda Marina Falcon Pacheco, Robinson Mas Melendez, Arazzelly Del Pilar Paucar Urbina, Jose Rios Chiuyari, Carlos Eduardo Otiniano Alvarado, Lorena Fuentes Rivera Lau, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Milagros Niquen-Jimenez, Claudia Arias, Sergio Zegarra, Jenner Betalleluz Pallardel, Regina Amparo Ugarte Oscco, Gian Mendiola, Yahaira Tatiana Carpio Colmenares, Carlos Shiraishi Zapata, Maria Rosa Ortiz, Filipe Castro Borges, Octavio Viveiros, Pedro Serralheiro, Paulo Santos-Costa, Filipa Mendes, Miguel Rocha Melo, Paulo Cardoso, Ana Soares, Rita Gonçalves Pereira, Nelson Silva, André Caiado, Maria Luís Sacras, Pedro Azevedo, Rui Almeida-Reis, João Oliveira, Jorge Nogueiro, Mafalda Sampaio-Alves, Luciana Cidade Costa, Catarina Baía, Ana Cláudia Deus, Rita Branquinho, André Marçal, André Tojal, Silviu Tiberiu Makkai-Popa, Aurel Mironescu, Florin Grama, Elena Adelina Toma, Daniela Filipescu, Nicolae Bacalbasa, Natalia Motas, Sebastian Ionescu, Octav Ginghina, Radu Costea, Narcis Octavian Zarnescu, Radu Drasovean, Mihail-Gabriel Dimofte, Vlad Porumb, Mikhail Kirov, Yegor Molitvin, Vadim Pykhteev, Marianna Raevskaya, Aleksandr Butyrskii, Mushabab Alshahrani, Azah Althumairi, Nasser Alzerwi, Ahmed Al Ameer, Tariq Madkhali, Abddulrahman Saleh Almulhim, Salman Ghazwani, Abdu Ayoub, Othman Iskander, Mohammed Ghunaim, Mohammed Alharthi, Turki M Alzaidi, Mohammad Alyami, Abdulrahman Al Amri, Abdullah AlFakhri, Amal Alhefdhi, Sharfuddin Chowdhury, Thamer Nouh, Ameen Alshehri, Abdulrahman Alzahrani, Yousef Alalawi, Selmy Awad, Ibrahima Konate, Jacques Tendeng, Nan Zun Teo, Sabra Aqil, Cristina Barrena López, Ana Sánchez Mozo, Antonio Rodriguez Infante, Patricia Caja Vivancos, Mikel Prieto, Igor Alberdi San Roman, Laura Gomez Fernandez, Josep Maria Muñoz Vives, Anna Carreras-Castañer, Berta Díaz-Feijoo, Ramon Sieira-Gil, Victor Turrado-Rodriguez, Anna Sánchez López, Santiago Sánchez-Cabús, Marta Jimenez Toscano, MªPilar Canals Sin, Saura García Laura, Oriol Martin Sole, Pedro Palazon Bellver, Sonia Pérez-Bertólez, Jordi Prat-Ortells, Mireia Riba Martínez, Josep Rubio-Palau, Xavier Tarrado, Jorge Nuñez, Veronica Alonso Mendoza, Coro Bescós, Eloy Espin-Basany, Martin Espinosa-Bravo, Daniel Gil-Sala, Susana González-Suárez, Nuria Montferrer Estruch, Lucia Porteiro Mariño, Ana Rodríguez-Tesouro, Fabian Rojas Portilla, M Pilar Tormos Pérez, Inmaculada Vives, Unai Garcia De Cortazar, Kiara Tudela, Aitor Landaluce-Olavarria, Mercedes Estaire Gómez, Jorge Almoguera, Bakarne Ugarte-Sierra, Virginia Jimenez, Marta Bertrand, Laura Cárdenas Puiggrós, Olga Delisau-Puig, Jorge Garcia-Adamez, David Julià Bergkvist, Eloy Maldonado-Marcos, Lucia Diego García, Marta Roldón Golet, Iván Soto-Darias, Aida Cristina Rahy-Martín, Diego Enjuto, Adolfo Ramos-Luengo, Juan Delgado Fernandez, Carolina Lugo Duarte, Cristina Ojeda Thies, Lucila Marquez, Diana Crego Vita, Jana Dziakova, Jorge Caño Velasco, Olga Mateo-Sierra, Begoña Quintana-Villamandos, Cristina Rey Valcarcel, Javier Rio, Laura Román García de León, Marcello Di Martino, Jorge Prada, Javier Serrano González, Manuel Losada, Jose Tomas Castell Gomez, Ramon Corripio-Sanchez, Alexander Forero-Torres, José Manuel Morales-Puebla, Hanna Perez-Chrzanowska, Santiago Valderrabano Gonzalez, Alvaro Yebes, Ignacio Zapardiel, Manuel Diez Alonso, Nelson Morales Palacios, Alberto Cabañero Sánchez, Fátima Sánchez Fernández, Alfredo Abad Gurumeta, Ane Abad-Motos, Fernando Corella, Javier Ripollés-Melchor, Rosa Sanz-Gonzalez, Marta Alcaraz Fuentes, Maria Teresa Fernández Martín, Pablo Calvo Espino, Milagros Carrasco Prats, Antonio-José Fernández-López, Damián García Escudero, Vanesa Garcia Soria, Jesús Aarón Martínez Alonso, Miguel Ruiz-Marín, Beatriz Gómez Pérez, Joaquin Moya-Angeler, Daniel Fernández Martínez, Heura Llaquet Bayo, Enrique Colás-Ruiz, Susana Bella Romera, M Teresa Gavaldà Pellicé, Misericòrdia Jordà Solé, Enrique Jose Ruiz Velasquez, Bernardo Núñez, Raul Jimenez, Jon Zabaleta, Maria Jose González-Gimeno, Irene Ortega Vázquez, Antonio Perez Ferrer, Rubén Martín-Láez, Marcelo Moreno Suarez, Miguel Angel Freiria Eiras, Irene Ramallo-Solís, Juan-Carlos Gomez-Rosado, Jose Ramon Oliver Guillen, Mar Achalandabaso Boira, Juan Carlos Catalá Bauset, Julio Domenech, Rafael Badenes, Juan Carlos Bernal-Sprekelsen, Jorge Sancho-Muriel, Beatriz De Andrés-Asenjo, Francisco J Tejero-Pintor, Marc Vallve-Bernal, Alba Vazquez Melero, Laura Sánchez Blasco, Jorge Escartin, Victoria Duque Mallén, Selvaratnam Srishankar, Charitha Sooriyabandara, Oshan Basnayake, Nalaka Gunawansa, Prabuth Dulanjan Weeraddana, Thanusan Vimalakanthan, Shanthamoorthy Gishanthan, Pramodh Chandrasinghe, Marc-Olivier Sauvain, Ahmad Ghazal, Yusra Al-Sabbagh, Turki Alhassoun, Sara Maa Albared, Antoine Naem, Hareth Alnahr, Ghassan Jisry, Ali Hammed, Okedi Francis Xaviour, Gaston Turinawe, Isaac Mubezi, Franck K Sikakulya, Andrew Kakeeto, Wilberforce M Kabweru, Ronald Kiweewa, Paul Matovu, Otolia Isaac, Mohamed Mashhour, Amin El Helw, Safeena Kherani, Awadelkarim Mohamed, Ferial Mohamed Ali Abbas, Diary Mohammed, Ehab Aldlyami, Rakesh Kundra, Antony Louis Rex Michael, Kareem S Khalil, Rachel Dbeis, Shafaque Shaikh, Jenny Ferry, Aiman Jamal, Haleema Siddique, Rishi Das, Nikhil Ponugoti, Pornjittra Rattanasirivilai, Asma Sultana, Frances Mosley, Matthew Chan, Antony Bateman, Gareth Davies-Jones, Fanourios Georgiades, Navid Ahmadi, Aman Coonar, Mariam Baig, Chetan Khatri, Arthika Surendran, Julian Sonksen, Robert Sinnerton, Caitlin Brennan, Gemma Faulkner, Michael Greenhalgh, Hannah Emerson, Kiran Singisetti, Joshua Totty, Michael Wilson, Terence Lo, Harriet Corbett, Ijeoma Okonkwo, Gill Arbane, Cyrus Kerawala, Chetan Parmar, Michael Bath, Funlayo Odejinmi, Jayesh Sagar, Rishi Talwar, Samuel Newman, John Hammond, John Moir, Natalie Duric, Tamas Szakmany, Ahmar Iftikhar Talib, Mina Youssef, Christopher Lewis-Lloyd, Mariam Lami, Khurram Ayub, Benjamin Dean, Supriya Balasubramanya, Sathya Lakpriya, Luke Rogers, Paul Turner, Mark Maher, Kohila Sigamoney, Jihène El Kafsi, John Hardie, David Johnson, Christin Henein, Marianne Hollyman, Ketan Agarwal, Simon Powell, Govind Singh Chauhan, Rakesh Patel, Joel Gagnier, Heather Carmichael, Aurora, Kristofor A Olson, Eric Etchill, Sameer Hirji, Matthew Naunheim, Frederick Drake, Caroline Reinke, Anna Alecci, Dennis Vaysburg, Jennifer Rodriquez, Emily Shih, Vin Shen Ban, Julia Coleman, Krista Kaups-Fresno, Emmanouil Giorgakis, Maggie DiNome, Neal Bhutiani, Omar Alnachoukati, Taylor Aiken, Thomas Diehl, Ankush Gosain, Rishi Rattan, Muhammad Owais Abdul Ghani, Nensi Melissa Ruzgar, Anna Liveris, Nina Glass, Charu Paranjape, Theresa Chin, Antonio Meola, Kristina Nicholson, John Squiers, Stephanie Lueckel, Janani Reisenauer, Rachael Callcut, Ahmed Mansour, Allison Berndtson, Lucy Kornblith, Sara Seegert, Paulo Martins, Mohammed Al-Shehari, Ibrahim Al-Raimi, Allan Ngulube, Maphios Siamuchembu, Willard Mushiwokufa, Busisiwe Mlambo, Simbarashe Chinyowa, Enton Bollano, Kostandin Gjyli, Jola Kerpaci, Enxhi Vrapi, Lorena Zijaj, Bahraoui Djahida, Belabbes Fatima Zohra, Kouidri Khadidja, Oussama Bali, Nassim Benallel, Ismahene Lalmi, Meriem Abdoun, Nesrine Aouabed, Souad Bouaoud, Kamel Bouchenak, Assia Haif, Zineddine Soualili, Joaquin Bastet, Agustín Bianco, Daniel Capitaine, Jorge Centeno Lozada, Carlos Esquivel, Rodrigo Figueroa, Manuel Garcia, Pablo Martín García, José Ignacio Gerchunoff, Fernando Martinez Iascano, Jose Mondino, María Emilia Muriel, Carmignani Pablo, Martin Passadore, Alejandra Tornini, Rogelio Traverso, Lara Vargas, Gerardo Zanoni, Norberto Berber, Estefanía Cotta, Marcela Di Vincenzo, Esteban Sebastian Gallino, Cecilia Gigena, Bianca Grassano, Ignacio Lugones, Constanza Madrid, Maximiliano Maricic, Antonio Alberto Martinez, Andres Rosso, Pablo Scher, Sofia Tachella, Damaris Idara Anabel Zezular, Carla Abuawad, Agustin Albani Forneris, Carola Allemand, Laura Gisela Alvarez Calzaretta, Jorge G Boretto, Rocio Boudou, Rodrigo Brandariz, Martin Buljubasich, Arturo Burchakchi, Martin Buttaro, Juan Pablo Campana, Virginia Cano Busnelli, Tomas Carminatti, Agustina Florencia Castro Lalín, Julian Cereghini, María Sol Crespi Amor, Roberto Sebastián Croattini, Maria Sol Fernandez, Marcelo Figari, Uriel Fraidenraij, Diego Gallegos, Agustín Maria García-Mansilla, Marcos Gonzalez, Matias Ignacio Gonzalez, Esteban Gonzalez Salazar, Jeremias Goransky, Guillermo Hernandez Gauna, Felipe Higuera, Fernando Holc, Esteban Gabriel Jauregui, Juan Larrañaga, Juan Liyo, Lionel Llano, Pablo Lobos, Emilia Luzzi, Gustavo Mastroianni, Santiago Miguel Mata-Suarez, Horacio F Mayer, Santiago Mc Loughlin, Efrain Mendoza, Ricardo Esteban Mentz, Pedro Mercado, Pablo Moyano, Florencia Noll, Diego Odetto, Agustina Rene Oliva, Rafael Perez Vidal, Catalina Poggi, Eduardo Jorge Premoli, María Lourdes Ramos, Patricio Rosas, Luciano Rossi, Gustavo Rossi, Jose Saadi, Jordán Scherñuk, Pablo Slullitel, María Verona Stang, María Victoria Taboada, Sebastian Tirapegui, Constanza Uffelmann, Carlos Vaccaro, Roberto Vagni, Ana Clara Valerio, Celeste Soledad Zarratea, Silvina Montal, Brian Morris, Pedro Valdez, Fernando Diaz-Couselo, Ricci C, Casadei R, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques (IVH), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), COVIDSurg Collaborative, Surgery, Surgical clinical sciences, Clinical sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Basic (bio-) Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology, GlobalSurg Collaborative, Frisoni Tommaso, Solaini Leonardo, Alberici, Laura, Antonacci, Filippo, Arena, Alessandro, Belvedere, Angela, Bernagozzi, Fabio, Bernante, Paolo, Bertoglio, Pietro, Bianchi, Lorenzo, Bisulli, Maria, Bonfanti, Barbara, Boussedra, Safia, Brandolini, Jury, Cacciapuoti, Crescenzo, Cardelli, Stefano, Casadei, Riccardo, Cescon, Matteo, Cipolli, Alessandro, Cipriani, Riccardo, Contu, Luca, Costa, Francesco, Daddi, Niccolo, De Crescenzo, Eugenia, De Iaco, Pierandrea, De Palma, Alessandra, Del Gaudio, Massimo, Gatta, Anna Nunzia Della, Dolci, Giampiero, Dondi, Giulia, Droghetti, Matteo, Parri, Sergio Nicola Forti, Garelli, Elena, Gelati, Chiara, Germinario, Giuliana, Giorgini, Federico A., Ingaldi, Carlo, Jovine, Elio, Kawamukai, Kenji, Lanci, Antonio Lanci, Lombardi, Raffaele, Miralles, Maria Elisa Lozano, Marchetti, Claudio, Masetti, Michele, Minni, Francesco, Morezzi, Daniele, Parlanti, Daniele, Pellegrini, Alice, Perrone, Anna Myriam, Pezzuto, Anna Paola, Pignatti, Marco, Pilu, Gianluigi, Pinto, Valentina, Poggioli, Gilberto, Puglisi, Silvana Bernadetta, Raimondo, Diego, Ravaioli, Matteo, Ricci, Claudio, Ricciardi, Sara, Ricotta, Francesco, Rizzo, Roberta, Romano, Angela, Rottoli, Matteo, Schiavina, Riccardo, Seracchioli, Renato, Serenari, Matteo, Serra, Margherita, Solli, Piergiorgio, Sorbi, Gioia, Taffurelli, Mario, Tanzanu, Marta, Tarsitano, Achille, Tesei, Marco, Vago, Gabriele, Violante, Tommaso, Zanotti, Simone, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Joana Ff Simoes, Elizabeth Li, Maria Picciochi, James C Glasbey, Glauco Baiocchi, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Daoud Chaudhry, Ehab AlAmeer, Kariem El-Boghdadly, Funmilola Wuraola, Dhruva Ghosh, Rohan R Gujjuri, Ewen M Harrison, Herman Lule, Haytham Kaafarani, Mohammad Khosravi, Irmgard Kronberger, Sezai Leventoğlu, Harvinder Mann, Kenneth A Mclean, Mengistu Gebreyohanes Mengesha, Maria Marta Modolo, Faustin Ntirenganya, Lisa Norman, Oumaima Outani, Riinu Pius, Peter Pockney, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, April Camilla Roslani, Sohei Satoi, Catherine Shaw, Aneel Bhangu, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Omar M Omar, Waheed-Ul-Rahman Ahmed, Leah Argus, Alasdair Ball, Aneel Bhangu, Edward P Bywater, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Amanpreet Brar, Daoud Chaudhry, Brett E Dawson, Irani Duran, Muhammed Elhadi, James C Glasbey, Rohan R Gujjuri, Conor S Jones, Ewen M Harrison, Sivesh K Kamarajah, James M Keatley, Samuel Lawday, Elizabeth Li, Harvinder Mann, Ella J Marson, Kenneth A Mclean, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Lisa Norman, Riinu Ots, Oumaima Outani, Maria Picciochi, Irène Santos, Catherine Shaw, Joana Ff Simoes, Elliott H Taylor, Isobel M Trout, Chris Varghese, Mary L Venn, William Xu, Joana Ff Simoes, Irida Dajti, Arben Gjata, Salah Eddine Oussama Kacimi, Luis Boccalatte, Maria Marta Modolo, Daniel Cox, Peter Pockney, Philip Townend, Felix Aigner, Irmgard Elisabeth Kronberger, Elgun Samadov, Amer Alderazi, Kamral Hossain, Greg Padmore, Gabrielle van Ramshorst, Ismaïl Lawani, Anis Cerovac, Samir Delibegovic, Glauco Baiocchi, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Igor Lima Buarque, Muhammad Gohar, Mihail Slavchev, Chukwuemeka Nwegbu, Arnav Agarwal, Amanpreet Brar, Janet Martin, Joshua Ng-Kamstra, Maria Marta Modolo, Maricarmen Olivos, Wenhui Lou, Dong-Lin Ren, Jose Andres Calvache, Carlos J Perez Rivera, Ana Danic Hadzibegovic, Tomislav Kopjar, Jakov Mihanovic, Pablo Mijahil Avilés Jiménez, Nikolaos Gouvas, Jaroslav Klat, René Novysedlák, Nicolas Amisi, Peter Christensen, Alaa El-Hussuna, Sylvia Batista, Eddy Lincango-Naranjo, Sameh Emile, Danilo Alfonso Arévalo Sandoval, Hailu Dhufera, Samuel Hailu, Mengistu G Mengesha, Joonas H Kauppila, Alexis P Arnaud, Zaza Demetrashvili, Markus Albertsmeier, Hans Lederhuber, Markus W Löffler, Daniel Kwesi Acquah, Bernard Ofori, Stephen Tabiri, Symeon Metallidis, Georgios Tsoulfas, Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Gustavo Recinos, Tamás Mersich, Dániel Wettstein, Dhruva Ghosh, Gabriele Kembuan, Peiman Brouki Milan, Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Masoud Mozafari, Ahmed Hilmi, Helen Mohan, Oded Zmora, Gaetano Gallo, Francesco Pata, Gianluca Pellino, Yuki Fujimoto, Naoto Kuroda, Sohei Satoi, Mohamad K Abou Chaar, Faris Ayasra, Ildar Fakhradiyev, Intisar Hisham Said Hamdun, Jang Jin-Young, Mohammad Jamal, Lina Karout, Muhammed Elhadi, Aiste Gulla, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Luc Hervé Samison, April Camilla Roslani, Iran Irani Durán Sánchez, Diana Samantha Gonzalez, Laura Martinez, María José Martínez, Alejandra Nayen, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Jade Nunez, Oumaima Outani, Pueya Rashid Nashidengo, Rakesh Shah, Ashish Lal Shrestha, Pascal Jonker, Schelto Kruijff, Milou Noltes, Pieter Steinkamp, Chris Varghese, Deborah Wright, Lukman Abdur-Rahman, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Adewale Adisa, Babatunde Osinaike, Justina Seyi-Olajide, Omolara Williams, Emmanuel Williams, Sofija Pejkova, Zainab Al Balushi, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Raza Sayyed, Mustafa Abo Mohsen, Sadi A Abukhalaf, Moises Cukier, Hugo Gomez-Fernandez, Sebastian Shu Yip, Ximena Paola Vasquez Ojeda, Marie Dione Sacdalan, Piotr Major, José Azevedo, Miguel F Cunha, Irène Santos, Ahmad Zarour, Eduard-Alexandru Bonci, Ionut Negoi, Sergey Efetov, Viktor Kochetkov, Andrey Litvin, Jc Allen Ingabire, Georges Bucyibaruta, Ntirenganya Faustin, Sosthene Habumuremyi, Alphonsine Imanishimwe, Haragirimana Jean de Dieu, Emmanuel Munyaneza, Isaie Ncogoza, Ehab Alameer, Abdourahmane Ndong, Dejan Radenkovic, Min Hoe Chew, Frederick Koh, James Ngu, Arpád Panyko, Uros Bele, Jurij Aleš Košir, Hassan Daoud, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Ana Maria Minaya Bravo, Umesh Jayarajah, Dakshitha Wickramasinghe, Mohammed Elmujtba Adam Essa Adam, Martin Rutegård, Malin Sund, Michel Adamina, Eleftherios Gialamas, Karoline Horisberger, Muhammad Alshaar, Abel Huang, Varut Lohsiriwat, Shane Charles, Haithem Jlassi, Arda Isik, Sezai Leventoğlu, Hervé Monka Lekuya, Hervé Monka Lekuya, Herman Lule, Slava Kopetskyi, Hayder Alsaadi, Sattar Alshryda, Osaid Alser, Brittany Bankhead-Kendall, Kerry Breen, Haytham Kaafarani, Hassan Mashbari, Fernando Bonilla Cal, Hamza Al-Naggar, Mayaba Maimbo, Dennis Mazingi, Tom Abbott, Michel Adamina, Melika Akhbari, Ruth Benson, Shivam Bhanderi, Bruce Biccard, Edward Caruana, Sohini Chakrabortee, Reema Chapatwala, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Andreas K Demetriades, Anant Desai, Salomone Di Saverio, Thomas Drake, John Edwards, Jonathan Evans, Marco Fiore, Samuel Ford, Christina Fotopoulou, Alexander Fowler, Kaori Futaba, Ian Ganly, Harelimana Grace James, Ewen Griffiths, Alessandro Gronchi, Peter Hutchinson, Gabriella Yael Hyman, Joseph Incorvia, Ritu Jain, Michael Jenkinson, Tabassum Khan, Stephen Richard Knight, Angelos Kolias, Søren Kudsk-Iversen, Tsun Yu Kwan, Elaine Leung, Julio Mayol, Siobhan McKay, John G Meara, Emily Mills, Susan Moug, Akshay Patel, Roberto Perinotti, Henry E Rice, Keith Roberts, Andrew Schache, Richard Shaw, Neil Smart, Matthew Stephens, Grant D Stewart, Ella Teasdale, Peter Vaughan-Shaw, Raghavan Vidya, Naomi Wright, Funmilola Wuraola, Natalie Zimmelman, Ervis Agastra, Dariel Thereska, Irida Dajti, Sergio Martin Lucchini, Veronica Laudani, Luis Boccalatte, Carina Chwat, Ivana Ines Pedraza Salazar, Diana Alejandra Pantoja Pachajoa, Sergio Martin Lucchini, Agustin Duro, José Alfredo Calderón Arancibia, Daniel Cox, Giuliana D'Aulerio, Nagendra Dudi-Venkata, Natasha Egoroff, Shebani Farik, Natalie Lott, Jana-Lee Moss, Sarah Rennie, Lorwai Tan, Chris Varghese, Uyen Giao Vo, David Watson, David Watters, Deborah Wright, Tim Bright, Paul Hollington, Xuanyu Zhou, Hidde M Kroon, Anthony Farfus, John Barker, Eleanor Watson, Sean Stevens, Haider Latif, Amanda Caroline Dawson, Alwin Chuan, Vijayaragavan Muralidharan, Enoch Wong, Travis Ackermann, Maurizio Pacilli, Russell Hodgson, Alexander Heriot, Peter Choong, Wendy Brown, Surjit Lidder, Justin Yeung, Luke Traeger, Guillermo Regalo, Ralph Gourlay, Peter Pockney, Peter Pockney, Sarit Badiani, Cherry Koh, Soni Putnis, Amanda Caroline Dawson, Fayza Haider, Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Niels Komen, Bert Dhondt, Serge Cappeliez, Manon Pigeolet, Gabrielle van Ramshorst, Martijn Schoneveld, Jasper Stijns, Wouter Oosterlinck, Nicolas Flamey, Cyrille Kpangon, Mouhamed Agbadebo, S Mèvo Romaric Tobome, Ismaïl Lawani, Anis Cerovac, Aldo Vieira Barros, Samuel Aguiar Júnior, Glauco Baiocchi, Heloisa Galvão do Amaral Campos, Jefferson Gross, Felipe José Fernandez Coimbra, Luiz Paulo Kowalski, Fabiana Makdissi, Suely Nakagawa, Joao Pedreira Duprat Neto, Jose Guilherme Vartanian, Guilherme Yazbek, Stenio C Zequi, Ronald Flumignan, Mihail Slavchev, Natalia Jaworska, Angela Dell, Harsha Shanthanna, Janet Martin, Abdollah Behzadi, Carolyn Nessim, Michelle Mozel, Pascal St-Germain, Crispin Russell, Gary Groot, Najib Safieddine, Duminda Wijeysundera, Antoine Eskander, Sami Chadi, Shawn MacKenzie, Alana Flexman, Fernando Heredia, Maria Marta Modolo, Julio Villanueva, Sofia Waissbluth, Roberto Macchiavello, Mario I Escudero, Tyare Fuentes, Ximena Mimica, Maricarmen Olivos, Dinimo Bolivar Saenz, Lina Caicedo, Juan Pablo Alzate, Joaquin Luna, Nestor Fabian Pedraza Alonso, Camilo Ortiz Silva, Carlos J Perez Rivera, Juliana Rodriguez, Liliana Silva-Igua, Martha Luz Torres, Lina María Trujillo, Albaro José Nieto Calvache, Julián Balanta-Melo, Rafael Figueroa-Casanova, Oscar-Julián García-Montoya, Carlos Andres Marulanda Toro, Marcela Velez Botero, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Eneida Diaz Martinez, Valentina Gutiérrez Perdomo, Jose Andres Calvache, Jose Andres Calvache, Emileth Montenegro, Jakov Mihanovic, Pablo Mijahil Avilés Jiménez, Nikolaos Gouvas, René Novysedlák, Julia Rodriguez-Abreu, Dolores Mejía, Eddy Lincango-Naranjo, Galal Abouelnagah, Sameh Shehata, Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad Rida, Ramy A Hassan, Mahmoud M Saad, Mohamed Reda Loaloa, Badr Mostafa, Mohamed Qassem, Mohamed Fahmy, Hesham Abozied, Ahmed Y Azzam, Sherief Ghozy, Asser Sallam, Ahmed Shehta, Sameh Emile, Mohamed Abdelkhalek, Rehab Samaka, Amr Morsy, Ahmed Elshawadfy Sherif, Danilo Alfonso Arévalo Sandoval, Abraham Negussie, Tigist Fisseha, Kibruyisfaw Shumbash, Metasebia Abebe, Samuel Hailu, Seid Mohammed Yasin, Yemisirach Bizuneh Akililu, Abebe Megersa, Teshome Tefera, Melatework Assefa, Bahru Atnafu, Bereket Tsegaye, Yoseph Solomon Bezabih, Silamlak Sisay, Kebebe Bekele, Moa Jira, Mengistu G Mengesha, Habtamu Derilo, Eyueal Degefa, Anteneh Tadesse, Melkamu Nidaw, Elise Sarjanoja, Joonas H Kauppila, Sylvie Testelin, Sophie Boucher, Lionel Jouffret, Zaher Lakkis, Alban Zarzavadjian Le Bian, Luke Harper, Marc Danguy des Déserts, Benoît André, Karem Slim, Romain Verhaeghe, Andrea Police, Edouard Girard, Alexandre Chebaro, Armande Subayi Nkembi, Laurent Arnalsteen, Quentin Ballouhey, Diane Mege, Clement Jeandel, Emilie Duchalais, Pierre-Alban Bouche, Gilles Manceau, Célia Crétolle, Erik Hervieux, Noémie Girard, Agathe Seguin-Givelet, Sebastien Gaujoux, Belinda De Simone, Matthieu Boisson, Damien Bergeat, Alexis P Arnaud, Fabien Fredon, Francesco Nappi, Radwan Kassir, Aurélien Scalabre, Federico Migliorelli, Romain Verhaeghe, Anne-Cecile Ezanno, Barbara Seeliger, Charlotte Vaysse, Helene Charbonneau, Vincent Misrai, Olivier Abbo, Martina Aida Angeles, Laurent Brunaud, Zaza Demetrashvili, Ali Modabber, Sebastian Wolf, Carsten Kamphues, Philipp Höhn, Tim R Glowka, Alexander Christopher Rokohl, Ulrich Bork, Georg Fluegen, Raymund E Horch, Andrea Schmedding, Andreas Schnitzbauer, Helge Eberbach, Daniel Schlager, Fritz Spelsberg, Lena Keppler, Andreas Hecker, Susanne Wolfer, Ulrich Ronellenfitsch, Christine Nitschke, Christian Peiper, Ibrahim Hakami, Stefan Welter, Karine Nikolaieva, Andreas Roth, Judith Lindert, Konstantinos Gousias, Anke Rissmann, Valerie Catherine Linz, Nuh Rahbari, Marie-Claire Rassweiler-Seyfried, Anna Eleonora Gut, Jens Gempt, Daniel Reim, Arthur Wagner, Markus Albertsmeier, Alexander M Keppler, Mircea Gabriel Stoleriu, Tim Saier, Josef Stadler, Julia Christina Kaiser, Stefan M Brunner, Karin Pfister, Jonas Herzberg, Kai Nowak, Tobias Reinhard, Gregor A Stavrou, Alfred Königsrainer, Christian Konrads, Markus Quante, Simon Laban, Silke von Pusch, Markus Hirschburger, Johannes Doerner, Armin Wiegering, Ekaterini Christina Tampaki, Alitza Gutiérrez Ruiz, Alejandra Rodas, Ana Lucía Portilla, Gustavo Recinos, Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Jacqueline Carrera, Amalia Barrios Duarte, Megan Lowey, Sabrina Barillas, Atul Suroy, Dhaivat Vaishnav, Raghunandan Gorantlu Chowdappa, Irappa Madabhavi, Dhananjaya Bhat, Sunil Kumar Venkatappa, Sumit Thakar, Kavitha Jain, Aruna Kumar, Manoj Nagar, Tushar Mishra, Arunkumar Sekar, Anand Gupta, Lileswar Kaman, Madhivanan Karthigeyan, Manjul Tripathi, Ashwin Rammohan, Sudheer Othiyil Vayoth, Anupama Rajanbabu, Anbukkani Subbian, Rahul Gupta, Monish Raut, Nissi Evelyn, R Lavanya Kannaiyan, Anil Matai, Sanjeev Misra, Vishal Bhende, Sathish Muthu, Indranil Ghosh, Abhishek Sharma, Ankur Bajaj, Shiv Rajan, Gaurav Agarwal, Pranay Pawar, Philip Alexander, M Vijayakumar Vijayakumar, Zeeshan Hameed, L Badareesh, Navneet Kumar Chaudhry, Lipika Baliarsing, Satish Dharap, Amruta Kulkarni, Yuvaraja Thyavihally, Rahul Deo Sharma, C S Pramesh, Rajesh Soni, Surya Kumar Dube, Shilpa Sharma, Harvinder Singh, Lovenish Bains, Rahul Ghodke, Ashwani Kumar, Vivek Sodhai, Suvendu Maji, Somprakas Basu, Chandrashekhar Mahakalkar, Ravi Kannan, Asif Mehraj, N Ranganath, Ashish Phadnis, I Yadev, Alfie Kavalakat, Rohin Mittal, Karthik Chandra Vallam, Hamed Akhavizadegan, Esmaeil Rezghi Maleki, Naser Yousefzadeh Kandevani, Hilary Ikele, Catherine McNestry, Christina Fleming, Stephen O'Brien, Sami Abd Elwahab, Niall Davis, Mohsen Javadpour, Brendan McDonnell, Clare O Connor, Jarlath Bolger, Cillian Clancy, Stefanie M Croghan, Noel Donlon, Carolyn Cullinane, Ben Creavin, Muheilan Muheilan, Helen Earley, Syed Mohammad Umar Kabir, Muhammad Fahadullah, Éanna Ryan, Tara Connelly, Oded Zmora, Daisuke Hashimoto, Majdi Ali Alqudah, Amer Alajalen, Rand Y Omari, Faris Ayasra, Abdulrahman Qasem, Yazan Alawneh, Amer Ahmad, Omar Aladawi, Bourhan Alrayes, Hanan Haidar, Shatha Husain, Faisal Qassem, Adnan Sumadi, Ala'a Abu Salhiyeh, Balqees Mahmoud Al-Manaseer, Zaid Alsunna, Hazim Ra'ed, Faten Reyad Bani Hamad, Amro Abuleil, Mohamad K Abou Chaar, Elmi Ahmed Mohamed Jimaale, Marah Abu-Mehsen, Noor Olaywah, Omar Wafi, Hazim Ababneh, Luai Abu-Ismail, Almu'atasim Khamees, Ahmad Alkhatib, Raikhan Bolatbekova, Mukhtar Kulimbet, Talgat Nurgozhin, Timur Saliev, Baurzhan Zhussupov, Ydyrys Almabayev, Ildar Fakhradiyev, Timur Saliev, Dilyara Kaidarova, Khalil Tamoos, Ahmed Aqeelah, Alsnosy Abdullah Khalefa Mohammed, Faraj Al Maadany, Ghadah Alkadeeki, Milad Gahwagi, Wafa Aldressi, Mohamed Amnaina, Arowa Hassan Abdulrahman Alansari, Akram Alkaseek, Ghozlan Yagoub, Anass Ben Amer, Marwa Salem, Ayman Almugaddami, Dania Burgan, Mohammed Abdelkabir, Khayriyah Alshareef, Rayet Al Islam Ben Jouira, Ayman Meelad, Ahmad Bouhuwaish, Sumayya Essayah Dwaga, Houda Khalifa, Bushray Almiqlash, Taha Suliaman, Mohammed Alawami, Fras Elhajdawe, Hajir Aboazamazem, Ibrahim Ellojli, Ahmed Msherghi, Ismail Ali Saleh, Mohammed Alayan, April Camilla Roslani, Marcel Didier Ndayishyigikiye, Akutu Munyika, Philipp Plarre, David W Borowski, Pueya Rashid Nashidengo, Milou Noltes, Pieter Steinkamp, Cameron Wells, Rebecca Teague, Brodie Elliott, David Kieser, Omar Mohyieldin, Chris Varghese, Nick McIntosh, Cheyaanthan Haran, Sarah Rennie, Jasmin King, Jeong Ha, Matthew James McGuinness, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Julius Olaogun, Akinola Akinmade, Kefas Bwala, Peter Agbonrofo, Akinwale Afolabi, Usang Usang, Sebastian Ekenze, Samson Olori, Taiwo Akeem Lawal, Justina Seyi-Olajide, Abiodun Okunlola, Omolara Williams, Adewale Adisa, Lukman Abdur-Rahman, Stephen Kache, Danjuma Sale, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Chukwuma Okereke, Musliu Adetola Tolani, Venko Filipce, Lazar Todorovic, Sofija Pejkova, Sotir Stavridis, John George Massoud, Sareyah Alsibai, Rizwan Sultan, Humera Naz Altaf, Abu Bakar Hafeez Bhatti, Shahzad Hussain Waqar, Aliya Aziz, Asad Ali Kerawala, Lajpat Rai, Mariyah Anwer, Aiman Tariq, Bushra Ayub, Sami Ullah Niazi, Muhammad Yasir Naseem, Muhammad Zeeshan Sarwar, Muhammad Imran Khokhar, Imdad Ahmad Zahid, Haroon Javaid Majid, Nabila Talat, Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Hamid Chaudhary, Umer Farooq, Siddique Ahmad, Waleed Mabood, Syed Imran Bukhari, Muhammad Tariq, Eesha Yaqoob, Saad Javed, Saad Javed, Muhammad Usman Malik, Hassan Nawaz Yaqoob, Moises Cukier, Glenda Marina Falcon Pacheco, Robinson Mas Melendez, Arazzelly Del Pilar Paucar Urbina, Jose Rios Chiuyari, Carlos Eduardo Otiniano Alvarado, Lorena Fuentes Rivera Lau, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Milagros Niquen-Jimenez, Claudia Arias, Sergio Zegarra, Jenner Betalleluz Pallardel, Regina Amparo Ugarte Oscco, Gian Mendiola, Yahaira Tatiana Carpio Colmenares, Carlos Shiraishi Zapata, Maria Rosa Ortiz, Marie Dione Sacdalan, Piotr Major, Filipe Castro Borges, Octavio Viveiros, Pedro Serralheiro, Paulo Santos-Costa, Filipa Mendes, Miguel Rocha Melo, Paulo Cardoso, Ana Soares, José Azevedo, Rita Gonçalves Pereira, Nelson Silva, André Caiado, Maria Luís Sacras, Pedro Azevedo, Rui Almeida-Reis, Miguel F Cunha, João Oliveira, Jorge Nogueiro, Mafalda Sampaio-Alves, Luciana Cidade Costa, Catarina Baía, Ana Cláudia Deus, Rita Branquinho, André Marçal, André Tojal, Ahmad Zarour, Ahmad Zarour, Silviu Tiberiu Makkai-Popa, Aurel Mironescu, Florin Grama, Elena Adelina Toma, Ionut Negoi, Daniela Filipescu, Nicolae Bacalbasa, Natalia Motas, Sebastian Ionescu, Octav Ginghina, Radu Costea, Narcis Octavian Zarnescu, Radu Drasovean, Eduard-Alexandru Bonci, Mihail-Gabriel Dimofte, Vlad Porumb, Mikhail Kirov, Yegor Molitvin, Andrey Litvin, Vadim Pykhteev, Marianna Raevskaya, Sergey Efetov, Aleksandr Butyrskii, Mushabab Alshahrani, Azah Althumairi, Nasser Alzerwi, Ahmed Al Ameer, Ahmed Al Ameer, Tariq Madkhali, Abddulrahman Saleh Almulhim, Salman Ghazwani, Abdu Ayoub, Othman Iskander, Mohammed Ghunaim, Mohammed Alharthi, Turki M Alzaidi, Azah Althumairi, Mohammad Alyami, Abdulrahman Al Amri, Azah Althumairi, Abdullah AlFakhri, Amal Alhefdhi, Sharfuddin Chowdhury, Thamer Nouh, Ameen Alshehri, Abdulrahman Alzahrani, Yousef Alalawi, Selmy Awad, Ibrahima Konate, Abdourahmane Ndong, Jacques Tendeng, Nan Zun Teo, Frederick Koh, Jurij Aleš Košir, Uros Bele, Sabra Aqil, Cristina Barrena López, Ana Sánchez Mozo, Antonio Rodriguez Infante, Patricia Caja Vivancos, Mikel Prieto, Igor Alberdi San Roman, Laura Gomez Fernandez, Josep Maria Muñoz Vives, Anna Carreras-Castañer, Berta Díaz-Feijoo, Ramon Sieira-Gil, Victor Turrado-Rodriguez, Anna Sánchez López, Santiago Sánchez-Cabús, Marta Jimenez Toscano, MªPilar Canals Sin, Saura García Laura, Oriol Martin Sole, Pedro Palazon Bellver, Sonia Pérez-Bertólez, Jordi Prat-Ortells, Mireia Riba Martínez, Josep Rubio-Palau, Xavier Tarrado, Jorge Nuñez, Veronica Alonso Mendoza, Coro Bescós, Eloy Espin-Basany, Martin Espinosa-Bravo, Daniel Gil-Sala, Susana González-Suárez, Nuria Montferrer Estruch, Jorge Nuñez, Lucia Porteiro Mariño, Ana Rodríguez-Tesouro, Fabian Rojas Portilla, M Pilar Tormos Pérez, Inmaculada Vives, Unai Garcia De Cortazar, Kiara Tudela, Aitor Landaluce-Olavarria, Mercedes Estaire Gómez, Jorge Almoguera, Bakarne Ugarte-Sierra, Virginia Jimenez, Marta Bertrand, Laura Cárdenas Puiggrós, Olga Delisau-Puig, Jorge Garcia-Adamez, David Julià Bergkvist, Eloy Maldonado-Marcos, Lucia Diego García, Marta Roldón Golet, Iván Soto-Darias, Aida Cristina Rahy-Martín, Diego Enjuto, Adolfo Ramos-Luengo, Juan Delgado Fernandez, Carolina Lugo Duarte, Cristina Ojeda Thies, Lucila Marquez, Diana Crego Vita, Jana Dziakova, Ana Maria Minaya Bravo, Jorge Caño Velasco, Olga Mateo-Sierra, Begoña Quintana-Villamandos, Cristina Rey Valcarcel, Javier Rio, Laura Román García de León, Marcello Di Martino, Jorge Prada, Javier Serrano González, Manuel Losada, Jose Tomas Castell Gomez, Ramon Corripio-Sanchez, Alexander Forero-Torres, José Manuel Morales-Puebla, Hanna Perez-Chrzanowska, Santiago Valderrabano Gonzalez, Alvaro Yebes, Ignacio Zapardiel, Manuel Diez Alonso, Nelson Morales Palacios, Alberto Cabañero Sánchez, Fátima Sánchez Fernández, Alfredo Abad Gurumeta, Ane Abad-Motos, Fernando Corella, Javier Ripollés-Melchor, Rosa Sanz-Gonzalez, Marta Alcaraz Fuentes, Maria Teresa Fernández Martín, Pablo Calvo Espino, Milagros Carrasco Prats, Antonio-José Fernández-López, Damián García Escudero, Vanesa Garcia Soria, Jesús Aarón Martínez Alonso, Miguel Ruiz-Marín, Beatriz Gómez Pérez, Joaquin Moya-Angeler, Daniel Fernández Martínez, Heura Llaquet Bayo, Enrique Colás-Ruiz, Susana Bella Romera, M Teresa Gavaldà Pellicé, Misericòrdia Jordà Solé, Enrique Jose Ruiz Velasquez, Bernardo Núñez, Raul Jimenez, Jon Zabaleta, Maria Jose González-Gimeno, Irene Ortega Vázquez, Antonio Perez Ferrer, Rubén Martín-Láez, Marcelo Moreno Suarez, Miguel Angel Freiria Eiras, Irene Ramallo-Solís, Juan-Carlos Gomez-Rosado, Jose Ramon Oliver Guillen, Mar Achalandabaso Boira, Juan Carlos Catalá Bauset, Julio Domenech, Rafael Badenes, Juan Carlos Bernal-Sprekelsen, Jorge Sancho-Muriel, Beatriz De Andrés-Asenjo, Francisco J Tejero-Pintor, Marc Vallve-Bernal, Alba Vazquez Melero, Laura Sánchez Blasco, Jorge Escartin, Victoria Duque Mallén, Selvaratnam Srishankar, Umesh Jayarajah, Charitha Sooriyabandara, Oshan Basnayake, Nalaka Gunawansa, Dakshitha Wickramasinghe, Prabuth Dulanjan Weeraddana, Thanusan Vimalakanthan, Shanthamoorthy Gishanthan, Pramodh Chandrasinghe, Eleftherios Gialamas, Marc-Olivier Sauvain, Ahmad Ghazal, Yusra Al-Sabbagh, Turki Alhassoun, Sara Maa Albared, Antoine Naem, Hareth Alnahr, Ghassan Jisry, Ali Hammed, Arda Isik, Okedi Francis Xaviour, Gaston Turinawe, Isaac Mubezi, Franck K Sikakulya, Andrew Kakeeto, Wilberforce M Kabweru, Hervé Monka Lekuya, Ronald Kiweewa, Herman Lule, Paul Matovu, Otolia Isaac, Mohamed Mashhour, Amin El Helw, Sattar Alshryda, Safeena Kherani, Awadelkarim Mohamed, Ferial Mohamed Ali Abbas, Diary Mohammed, Ehab Aldlyami, Rakesh Kundra, Mohamed Mashhour, Mohamed Mashhour, Antony Louis Rex Michael, Hayder Alsaadi, Kareem S Khalil, Rachel Dbeis, Shafaque Shaikh, Jenny Ferry, Aiman Jamal, Haleema Siddique, Rishi Das, Nikhil Ponugoti, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Pornjittra Rattanasirivilai, Asma Sultana, Frances Mosley, Matthew Chan, Antony Bateman, Gareth Davies-Jones, Fanourios Georgiades, Grant D Stewart, Navid Ahmadi, Aman Coonar, Mariam Baig, Chetan Khatri, Arthika Surendran, Julian Sonksen, Robert Sinnerton, Caitlin Brennan, Gemma Faulkner, Michael Greenhalgh, Hannah Emerson, Kiran Singisetti, Joshua Totty, Michael Wilson, Terence Lo, Harriet Corbett, Ijeoma Okonkwo, Gill Arbane, Kariem El-Boghdadly, Cyrus Kerawala, Chetan Parmar, Tom Abbott, Michael Bath, Funlayo Odejinmi, Jayesh Sagar, Rishi Talwar, Samuel Newman, John Hammond, John Moir, Natalie Duric, Tamas Szakmany, Ahmar Iftikhar Talib, Mina Youssef, Christopher Lewis-Lloyd, Christopher Lewis-Lloyd, Mariam Lami, Khurram Ayub, Benjamin Dean, Supriya Balasubramanya, Sathya Lakpriya, Luke Rogers, Paul Turner, Mark Maher, Kohila Sigamoney, John Edwards, Jihène El Kafsi, John Hardie, David Johnson, Christin Henein, Marianne Hollyman, Ketan Agarwal, Simon Powell, Govind Singh Chauhan, Rakesh Patel, Joel Gagnier, Heather Carmichael, Aurora, Kristofor A Olson, Eric Etchill, Joseph Incorvia, Sameer Hirji, Matthew Naunheim, Frederick Drake, Haytham Kaafarani, Caroline Reinke, Anna Alecci, Dennis Vaysburg, Jennifer Rodriquez, Emily Shih, Vin Shen Ban, Julia Coleman, Henry E Rice, Krista Kaups-Fresno, Emmanouil Giorgakis, Maggie DiNome, Neal Bhutiani, Omar Alnachoukati, Brittany Bankhead-Kendall, Taylor Aiken, Thomas Diehl, Ankush Gosain, Rishi Rattan, Muhammad Owais Abdul Ghani, Nensi Melissa Ruzgar, Anna Liveris, Nina Glass, Charu Paranjape, Theresa Chin, Antonio Meola, Kristina Nicholson, John Squiers, Stephanie Lueckel, Janani Reisenauer, Rachael Callcut, Ahmed Mansour, Allison Berndtson, Lucy Kornblith, Sara Seegert, Paulo Martins, Hamza Al-Naggar, Mohammed Al-Shehari, Ibrahim Al-Raimi, Allan Ngulube, Maphios Siamuchembu, Willard Mushiwokufa, Busisiwe Mlambo, Simbarashe Chinyowa, Ervis Agastra, Enton Bollano, Kostandin Gjyli, Dariel Thereska, Irida Dajti, Jola Kerpaci, Enxhi Vrapi, Lorena Zijaj, Bahraoui Djahida, Belabbes Fatima Zohra, Kouidri Khadidja, Oussama Bali, Nassim Benallel, Ismahene Lalmi, Meriem Abdoun, Nesrine Aouabed, Souad Bouaoud, Kamel Bouchenak, Assia Haif, Zineddine Soualili, Joaquin Bastet, Agustín Bianco, Daniel Capitaine, Jorge Centeno Lozada, Carlos Esquivel, Rodrigo Figueroa, Manuel Garcia, Pablo Martín García, José Ignacio Gerchunoff, Fernando Martinez Iascano, Jose Mondino, María Emilia Muriel, Carmignani Pablo, Martin Passadore, Alejandra Tornini, Rogelio Traverso, Lara Vargas, Gerardo Zanoni, Norberto Berber, Estefanía Cotta, Marcela Di Vincenzo, Esteban Sebastian Gallino, Cecilia Gigena, Bianca Grassano, Veronica Laudani, Ignacio Lugones, Constanza Madrid, Maximiliano Maricic, Antonio Alberto Martinez, Andres Rosso, Pablo Scher, Sofia Tachella, Damaris Idara Anabel Zezular, Carla Abuawad, Agustin Albani Forneris, Carola Allemand, Laura Gisela Alvarez Calzaretta, Luis Boccalatte, Jorge G Boretto, Rocio Boudou, Rodrigo Brandariz, Martin Buljubasich, Arturo Burchakchi, Martin Buttaro, Juan Pablo Campana, Virginia Cano Busnelli, Tomas Carminatti, Agustina Florencia Castro Lalín, Julian Cereghini, María Sol Crespi Amor, Roberto Sebastián Croattini, Maria Sol Fernandez, Marcelo Figari, Uriel Fraidenraij, Diego Gallegos, Agustín Maria García-Mansilla, Marcos Gonzalez, Matias Ignacio Gonzalez, Esteban Gonzalez Salazar, Jeremias Goransky, Guillermo Hernandez Gauna, Felipe Higuera, Fernando Holc, Esteban Gabriel Jauregui, Juan Larrañaga, Juan Liyo, Lionel Llano, Pablo Lobos, Emilia Luzzi, Gustavo Mastroianni, Santiago Miguel Mata-Suarez, Horacio F Mayer, Santiago Mc Loughlin, Efrain Mendoza, Ricardo Esteban Mentz, Pedro Mercado, Pablo Moyano, Florencia Noll, Diego Odetto, Agustina Rene Oliva, Rafael Perez Vidal, Catalina Poggi, Eduardo Jorge Premoli, María Lourdes Ramos, Patricio Rosas, Luciano Rossi, Gustavo Rossi, Jose Saadi, Jordán Scherñuk, Pablo Slullitel, María Verona Stang, María Victoria Taboada, Sebastian Tirapegui, Constanza Uffelmann, Carlos Vaccaro, Roberto Vagni, Ana Clara Valerio, Celeste Soledad Zarratea, Carina Chwat, Silvina Montal, Brian Morris, Pedro Valdez, Fernando Diaz-Couselo,Ricci C, Casadei R, Fruscio, R, Ornaghi, S, Felice Pecoraro, Emanuele Cammarata, Sofia Campanella, Daniela Canzonieri, Adriana Cordova, Federico De Michele, Ettore Dinoto, Mara Franza, Leo Licari, Daniele Matta, Domenico Mirabella, Roberto Pirrello, Pierfrancesco Pugliese, Fernando Rosatti, Giuseppe Salamone, Francesca Toia, Massimiliano Tripoli, Vito Chiantera, Mariano Catello Di Donna, Collaborative, Covidsurg, Collaborative, Globalsurg, Palmisano, Silvia, de Manzini, Nicolo', Simoes, J, Rosati, R, on behalf of COVIDSurg Collaborative, GlobalSurg Collaborative, Aldrighetti, L, Mortini, P, Olmi, S, Medical Oncology, Assoc Surg Training ASiT, European Soc Coloproctology ESCP, EuroSurg, G4 Alliance, GlobalPaedSurg, GICS, ItSURG, ISRC, Italian Soc Colorectal Surg SICCR, PTSurg, S-ECCO, South African Soc, and SpainSurg
Subjects: Lung Diseases, Male, Internationality, SARS-Cov-2, COVID-19, surgery, pathways, pre-operative isolation, Settore MED/18 - CHIRURGIA GENERALE, Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16], Lung Disease, ESTUDOS PROSPECTIVOS, Cohort Studies, Patient Isolation, Postoperative Complications, 80 and over, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, 610 Medicine & health, Aged, 80 and over, Incidence (epidemiology), Treatment Outcome, Elective Surgical Procedures, Female, Elective Surgical Procedure, Cohort study, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Isolation (health care), Preoperative care, NO, Anesthesiology, Preoperative Care, medicine, Humans, Elective surgery, LS7_4, Aged, business.industry, pathway, Surgery, Reconstructive and regenerative medicine Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 10], Prospective Studie, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Human medicine, Postoperative Complication, Cohort Studie, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p=0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7days or ≥8days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p=0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p=0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p=0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7days or ≥8days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p=0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p=0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

45. Fast and sensitive detection of amino sugar, neutral sugar and uronic acid biomarkers using 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) derivatization and reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap mass spectrometry

Author: Erika Salas, Christina Kaiser, and Wolfgang Wanek
Abstract: Soil organic matter is composed to a large extent of microbial necromass, including fragmented cell wall residues and other cytoplasmic components from dead fungi and bacteria. These components accumulate in soil over long periods of time and have been used as biomarkers to trace microbial residues. Amino sugars are key components of microbial cell walls and can be found in polymeric forms as fungal chitin and bacterial peptidoglycan in soils. Among the most abundant amino sugars in soil are glucosamine, galactosamine, mannosamine and muramic acid. Glucosamine is used as a biomarker for both fungal and bacterial necromass, while muramic acid is exclusively found in bacterial peptidoglycan. Neutral sugars can also be used as biomarkers, where pentose:hexose ratios are used to determine the contribution of plant biomass relative to microbial necromass to soil organic matter (SOM). Potentially uronic acids can also be used as plant versus microbial biomarkers. Acid hydrolysis breaks apart polymers such as peptidoglycan, chitin, and plant matter into monomers, which can later be quantified to estimate the contribution of bacterial, fungal and plant necromass to stabilized SOM. Due to their structural similarity and complexity, high-throughput identification and quantification of these compounds has remained a challenge. Derivatization using 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) has been used to characterize carbohydrates because of its simple and rapid reaction mechanism and enhanced ionization efficiency with ESI-MS. Our aim was to develop a highly sensitive method to quantify sugar-containing compounds in a single rapid assay using pre-column PMP derivatization. Separation and quantification of the PMP-derivatives was carried out using reversed-phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) coupled to high resolution-high accuracy Orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS). Our method allowed the simultaneous separation and quantification of >20 compounds, including hexosamines, muramic acid, N-acetylhexosamines, hexuronic acids, pentoses, hexoses, deoxyhexoses, cellobiose, chitobiose, and chitotriose. All PMP derivatives were separated within 20 minutes. This method provides high resolution and high sensitivity for the quantification of diverse sugar-related compounds in one single assay, which demonstrates its potential in measuring complex and heterogeneous mixtures. Likewise, this method can also be applied in isotope tracing studies, where the turnover and stabilization of 15N and 13C labeled compounds in necromass are traced through the different soil pools using UPLC-Orbitrap mass spectrometry.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. Looking into the IL-1 of the storm: are inflammasomes the link between immunothrombosis and hyperinflammation in cytokine storm syndromes?

Author: Tara A Gleeson, Erik Nordling, Christina Kaiser, Catherine B Lawrence, David Brough, Jack P Green, and Stuart M Allan
Abstract: Summary Inflammasomes and the interleukin (IL)-1 family of cytokines are key mediators of both inflammation and immunothrombosis. Inflammasomes are responsible for the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, as well as releasing tissue factor (TF), a pivotal initiator of the extrinsic coagulation cascade. Uncontrolled production of inflammatory cytokines results in what is known as a “cytokine storm” leading to hyperinflammatory disease. Cytokine storms can complicate a variety of diseases and results in hypercytokinemia, coagulopathies, tissue damage, multiorgan failure, and death. Patients presenting with cytokine storm syndromes have a high mortality rate, driven in part by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). While our knowledge on the factors propagating cytokine storms is increasing, how cytokine storm influences DIC remains unknown, and therefore treatments for diseases, where these aspects are a key feature are limited, with most targeting specific cytokines. Currently, no therapies target the immunothrombosis aspect of hyperinflammatory syndromes. Here we discuss how targeting the inflammasome and pyroptosis may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hyperinflammation and its associated pathologies.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. A Rapid and Sensitive Assay to Quantify Amino Sugars, Neutral Sugars and Uronic Acid Necromass Biomarkers Using 1-Phenyl-3-Methyl-5-Pyrazolone Derivatization and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Author: Erika Salas, Markus Gorfer, Dragana Bandian, Christina Kaiser, and Wolfgang Wanek
Subjects: History, Polymers and Plastics, Business and International Management, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. From diversity to complexity: Microbial networks in soils

Author: Ksenia Guseva, Sean Darcy, Eva Simon, Lauren V. Alteio, Alicia Montesinos-Navarro, Christina Kaiser, and European Commission
Subjects: Ecological networks, Soil microbial ecology, Microbial network analysis, Soil Science, Microbial community structure, Microbiology, Co-occurrence networks
Abstract: Network analysis has been used for many years in ecological research to analyze organismal associations, for example in food webs, plant-plant or plant-animal interactions. Although network analysis is widely applied in microbial ecology, only recently has it entered the realms of soil microbial ecology, shown by a rapid rise in studies applying co-occurrence analysis to soil microbial communities. While this application offers great potential for deeper insights into the ecological structure of soil microbial ecosystems, it also brings new challenges related to the specific characteristics of soil datasets and the type of ecological questions that can be addressed. In this Perspectives Paper we assess the challenges of applying network analysis to soil microbial ecology due to the small-scale heterogeneity of the soil environment and the nature of soil microbial datasets. We review the different approaches of network construction that are commonly applied to soil microbial datasets and discuss their features and limitations. Using a test dataset of microbial communities from two depths of a forest soil, we demonstrate how different experimental designs and network constructing algorithms affect the structure of the resulting networks, and how this in turn may influence ecological conclusions. We will also reveal how assumptions of the construction method, methods of preparing the dataset, and definitions of thresholds affect the network structure. Finally, we discuss the particular questions in soil microbial ecology that can be approached by analyzing and interpreting specific network properties. Targeting these network properties in a meaningful way will allow applying this technique not in merely descriptive, but in hypothesis-driven research. Analysing microbial networks in soils opens a window to a better understanding of the complexity of microbial communities. However, this approach is unfortunately often used to draw conclusions which are far beyond the scientific evidence it can provide, which has damaged its reputation for soil microbial analysis. In this Perspectives Paper, we would like to sharpen the view for the real potential of microbial co-occurrence analysis in soils, and at the same time raise awareness regarding its limitations and the many ways how it can be misused or misinterpreted., KS, LA, ES and CK have received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (consolidator grant agreement No 819446, granted to CK).
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. Quantifying the Excitonic Static Disorder in Organic Semiconductors

Author: Austin M. Kay, Oskar J. Sandberg, Nasim Zarrabi, Wei Li, Stefan Zeiske, Christina Kaiser, Paul Meredith, and Ardalan Armin
Subjects: Biomaterials, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Electrochemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), Physics - Applied Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract: Organic semiconductors are disordered molecular solids and as a result, their internal charge dynamics and ultimately, the performance of the optoelectronic devices they constitute, are governed by energetic disorder. To ascertain how energetic disorder impacts charge generation, exciton transport, charge transport, and the performance of organic semiconductor devices, an accurate approach is first required to measure this critical parameter. In this work, we show that the static disorder has no relation with the so-called Urbach energy in organic semiconductors. Instead, it can be obtained from photovoltaic external quantum efficiency spectra at wavelengths near the absorption onset. We then present a detailed methodology, alongside a computational framework, for quantifying the static energetic disorder associated with singlet excitons. Moreover, the role of optical interference in this analysis is considered to achieve a high-accuracy quantification. Finally, the excitonic static disorder was quantified in several technologically-relevant donor-acceptor blends, including high-efficiency PM6:Y6., 21 pages, 6 figures. 9 supplementary pages, 3 supplementary figures, and 4 supplementary tables. Submitted to Advanced Functional Materials
Published: 2021

50. Contrasting drivers of belowground nitrogen cycling in a montane grassland exposed to a multifactorial global change experiment with elevated CO

Author: Tania L, Maxwell, Alberto, Canarini, Ivana, Bogdanovic, Theresa, Böckle, Victoria, Martin, Lisa, Noll, Judith, Prommer, Joana, Séneca, Eva, Simon, Hans-Peter, Piepho, Markus, Herndl, Erich M, Pötsch, Christina, Kaiser, Andreas, Richter, Michael, Bahn, and Wolfgang, Wanek
Subjects: Soil, Nitrogen, Amino Acids, Carbon Dioxide, Grassland, Ecosystem, Soil Microbiology, Droughts
Abstract: Depolymerization of high-molecular weight organic nitrogen (N) represents the major bottleneck of soil N cycling and yet is poorly understood compared to the subsequent inorganic N processes. Given the importance of organic N cycling and the rise of global change, we investigated the responses of soil protein depolymerization and microbial amino acid consumption to increased temperature, elevated atmospheric CO
Published: 2021

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Database

Publisher

156 results on '"Christina Kaiser"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources