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Limited epidemiological evidence suggests a protective role for plant foods rich in flavonoids and antioxidants in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) etiology. Our aim was to prospectively investigate the association between dietary intake of flavonoids, lignans and nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC) and HCC risk. Data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort including 477,206 subjects (29.8% male) recruited from ten Western European countries, was analyzed. Flavonoid, lignan and NEAC intakes were calculated using a compilation of existing food composition databases linked to dietary information from validated dietary questionnaires. Dietary NEAC was based on ferric reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP). Hepatitis B/C status was measured in a nested case-control subset. During a mean follow-up of 11-years, 191 incident HCC cases (66.5% men) were identified. Using Cox regression, multivariable adjusted models showed a borderline nonsignificant association of HCC with total flavonoid intake (highest versus lowest tertile, HR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.40-1.04; p(trend)=0.065), but not with lignans. Among flavonoid subclasses, flavanols were inversely associated with HCC risk (HR=0.62, 95% CI: 0.39-0.99; p(trend)=0.06). Dietary NEAC was inversely associated with HCC (FRAP: HR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.31-0.81; p(trend)=0.001; TRAP: HR 0.49, 95% CI: 0.31-0.79; p(trend)=0.002), but statistical significance was lost after exclusion of the first 2 years of follow-up. This study suggests that higher intake of dietary flavanols and antioxidants may be associated with a reduced HCC risk. What’s new? Coffee, tea, fruits and vegetables, and certain other foods may protect against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), thanks to their antioxidant ingredients. This study lends fresh support to that idea, revealing specifically that dietary flavanols, which possess antioxidant activity, could play a favourable role in HCC prevention. Dietary antioxidant capacity from coffee intake in particular was found to be inversely associated with HCC risk, though statistical significance was lost after exclusion of the first two years of follow-up. Assessment of the bioavailability of flavonoids and other antioxidants is needed to confirm links between antioxidant intake and HCC risk.

The expression of the preS1 antigen of hepatitis B virus in sera from chronic HBsAg carriers was studied using a specific monoclonal antibody F35.25 in an original, double-immunoradiometric assay. The antibody F35.25 recognized an epitope located between amino-acid residues 32 and 53 on the preS1 sequence of the large HBsAg protein. This domain could be involved in the recognition of hepatitis B virus by hepatocyte receptors. PreS1 antigen detection by monoclonal antibody F35.25 closely correlated with the presence of complete virions in the serum of HBsAg carriers, as demonstrated by ultracentrifugation-gradient experiments and electron-microscopical examination. Of the 19 HBsAg carriers with chronic liver disease, preS1 antigen was detected in 17 (90%): all of the 11 HBeAg- and hepatitis B virus-DNA--positive cases (group 1) and six of eight anti-HBe--positive cases with low levels of hepatitis B virus replication (group 2). PreS1 antigen/HBsAg ratios parallel to preS1 antigen titers were significantly higher in the HBeAg-positive group (34% and 1:10(6] than in the anti-HBe--positive group (18% and 1:10(2]. In contrast, preS1 antigen was not detected in 18 (90%) of the 20 HBsAg healthy carriers positive for anti-HBe and negative for serum hepatitis B virus-DNA (group 3). Our results show that in chronic HBsAg carriers the serum expression of preS1 antigen correlates well with the level of hepatitis B virus replication (serum hepatitis B virus-DNA and/or liver HBcAg) and that it may be useful in assessing the clinical importance of the chronic viral infection.