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1. Evaluating and Managing the Microbial Contamination of Eye Drops: A Two-Phase Hospital-Based Study

Author: Léa Roquefeuil, Katia Iskandar, Christine Roques, Loïc Marchin, Mylène Guittard, Hélène Poupet, Marie-Laure Brandely-Piat, and Marion Jobard
Subjects: eye drops, dropper tip, cap, microbial contamination, mineral oxide, ceramic, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract: The microbial contamination of eye drop tips and caps varies between 7.7% and 100%. In seeking patient protection and continuous improvement, the Pharmacy Department in the Sterile Ophthalmological and Oncological Preparations Unit at Cochin Hospital AP-HP, Paris, France, conducted a two-phase study to compare the antimicrobial efficiency and practical use of standard packaging and a marketed eye drop container incorporating a self-decontaminating antimicrobial green technology by Pylote SAS at the tip and cap sites. The first phase was conducted in situ to identify the microbial contaminants of eye drops used in the hospital and community settings. A total of 110 eye drops were included for testing. Staphylococcus species were the most prevalent bacteria. Candida parapsilosis was detected in only one residual content sample and, at the same time, on the cap and tip. The second phase was performed in vitro, according to JIS Z2801. Reductions above one log in Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa counts were noted in Pylote SAS eye drop packaging after 24 h of contact. The practical tests showed satisfactory results. Pylote SAS antimicrobial mineral oxide technology exhibited promising effects that combined effectiveness, safety, and sustainability to protect the patient by preventing infections due to the contamination of eye drop containers.
Published: 2024
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2. A native CO2-reducing bacterium: Discovery, implementation and interests

Author: Azariel Ruiz-Valencia, Louis Cornette de Saint Cyr, Djahida Benmezianne, Eddy Petit, Loubna Karfane-Atfane, Héloïse Baldo, Valérie Bonniol, Sophie Pécastaings, Christine Roques, Delphine Paolucci-Jeanjean, José Sanchez-Marcano, Marie-Pierre Belleville, and Laurence Soussan
Subjects: Bacterial CO2 reduction, S. maltophilia, Intracellular donor, Electrolysis, CO2 removal, Technology
Abstract: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has been demonstrated herein to reduce CO2 without any cofactor, photon or hydrogen (H2) addition during reaction. S. maltophilia reduces 13CO2 into 13C-labeled formate in batch mode. Two intracellular enzymes are curently being considered for their ability to catalyze the CO2 reduction reaction: a Fe-nitrogenase and a formate dehydrogenase (FeS-FDH). The reaction was intensified by implementing the bacteria in an electrolysis cell continuously fed with CO2. In this configuration, CO2 removal reached up to 25% v/v at 30°C and atmospheric pressure.
Published: 2024
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3. NaCl-induced modulation of species distribution in a mixed P. aeruginosa / S. aureus /B. cepacia biofilm

Author: Jeanne Trognon, Maya Rima, Barbora Lajoie, Christine Roques, and Fatima El Garah
Subjects: Osmotolerance, NaCl multi-species biofilms, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, B. cepacia, Clinical isolates, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Burkholderia cepacia are notorious pathogens known for their ability to form resilient biofilms, particularly within the lung environment of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The heightened concentration of NaCl, prevalent in the airway liquid of CF patients' lungs, has been identified as a factor that promotes the growth of osmotolerant bacteria like S. aureus and dampens host antibacterial defenses, thereby fostering favorable conditions for infections.In this study, we aimed to investigate how increased NaCl concentrations impact the development of multi-species biofilms in vitro, using both laboratory strains and clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and B. cepacia co-cultures. Employing a low-nutrient culture medium that fosters biofilm growth of the selected species, we quantified biofilm formation through a combination of adherent CFU counts, qPCR analysis, and confocal microscopy observations.Our findings reaffirmed the challenges faced by S. aureus in establishing growth within 1:1 mixed biofilms with P. aeruginosa when cultivated in a minimal medium. Intriguingly, at an elevated NaCl concentration of 145 mM, a symbiotic relationship emerged between S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, enabling their co-existence. Notably, this hyperosmotic environment also exerted an influence on the interplay of these two bacteria with B. cepacia. We demonstrated that elevated NaCl concentrations play a pivotal role in orchestrating the distribution of these three species within the biofilm matrix.Furthermore, our study unveiled the beneficial impact of NaCl on the biofilm growth of clinically relevant mucoid P. aeruginosa strains, as well as two strains of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. This underscores the crucial role of the microenvironment during the colonization and infection processes. The results suggest that hyperosmotic conditions could hold the key to unlocking a deeper understanding of the genesis and behavior of CF multi-species biofilms.
Published: 2023
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4. The healthcare costs of antimicrobial resistance in Lebanon: a multi-centre prospective cohort study from the payer perspective

Author: Katia Iskandar, Christine Roques, Souheil Hallit, Rola Husni-Samaha, Natalia Dirani, Rana Rizk, Rachel Abdo, Yasmina Yared, Matta Matta, Inas Mostafa, Roula Matta, Pascale Salameh, and Laurent Molinier
Subjects: Antimicrobial resistance, Healthcare cost, Length of stay, In-hospital mortality, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Abstract Background Our aim was to examine whether the length of stay, hospital charges and in-hospital mortality attributable to healthcare- and community-associated infections due to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria were higher compared with those due to susceptible bacteria in the Lebanese healthcare settings using different methodology of analysis from the payer perspective . Methods We performed a multi-centre prospective cohort study in ten hospitals across Lebanon. The sample size consisted of 1289 patients with documented healthcare-associated infection (HAI) or community-associated infection (CAI). We conducted three separate analysis to adjust for confounders and time-dependent bias: (1) Post-HAIs in which we included the excess LOS and hospital charges incurred after infection and (2) Matched cohort, in which we matched the patients based on propensity score estimates (3) The conventional method, in which we considered the entire hospital stay and allocated charges attributable to CAI. The linear regression models accounted for multiple confounders. Results HAIs and CAIs with resistant versus susceptible bacteria were associated with a significant excess length of hospital stay (2.69 days [95% CI,1.5–3.9]; p
Published: 2021
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5. Microbial biofilms in oenology

Author: Marianne Gosset, Christine Roques, and Patricia Taillandier
Subjects: Biofilms, yeast, bacteria, wine, velum flor, extracellular matrix, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Biofilms are sessile microbial communities whose lifestyle confers specific properties. In recent years, they have attracted great interest in many research fields. Biofilms are indeed the cause of recurrent industrial problems, while microbial contaminations can finally impact the quality of a finished product or human health. However, these same properties can be interesting for several applications. Oenology is no exception, whether for potential damages to wine quality caused by biofilms or their beneficial effects through winemaking steps, from grape to bottle. This paper reviews yeast and bacterial biofilms in oenology, their nature, their negative effects, as well as the applications linked to their presence in wine and the mechanisms involved in their formation.
Published: 2022
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6. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries: a scattered picture

Author: Katia Iskandar, Laurent Molinier, Souheil Hallit, Massimo Sartelli, Timothy Craig Hardcastle, Mainul Haque, Halyna Lugova, Sameer Dhingra, Paras Sharma, Salequl Islam, Irfan Mohammed, Isa Naina Mohamed, Pierre Abi Hanna, Said El Hajj, Nurul Adilla Hayat Jamaluddin, Pascale Salameh, and Christine Roques
Subjects: Surveillance, Antimicrobial resistance, Low- and Middle-Income countries, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Abstract Data on comprehensive population-based surveillance of antimicrobial resistance is lacking. In low- and middle-income countries, the challenges are high due to weak laboratory capacity, poor health systems governance, lack of health information systems, and limited resources. Developing countries struggle with political and social dilemma, and bear a high health and economic burden of communicable diseases. Available data are fragmented and lack representativeness which limits their use to advice health policy makers and orientate the efficient allocation of funding and financial resources on programs to mitigate resistance. Low-quality data means soaring rates of antimicrobial resistance and the inability to track and map the spread of resistance, detect early outbreaks, and set national health policy to tackle resistance. Here, we review the barriers and limitations of conducting effective antimicrobial resistance surveillance, and we highlight multiple incremental approaches that may offer opportunities to strengthen population-based surveillance if tailored to the context of each country.
Published: 2021
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7. Demonstrating the In Vitro and In Situ Antimicrobial Activity of Oxide Mineral Microspheres: An Innovative Technology to Be Incorporated into Porous and Nonporous Materials

Author: Katia Iskandar, Sophie Pecastaings, Céline LeGac, Sylvie Salvatico, Catherine Feuillolay, Mylène Guittard, Loïc Marchin, Marc Verelst, and Christine Roques
Subjects: oxide mineral microspheres, antimicrobial surface, simulation of use conditions, in situ, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract: The antimicrobial activity of surfaces treated with zinc and/or magnesium mineral oxide microspheres is a patented technology that has been demonstrated in vitro against bacteria and viruses. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency and sustainability of the technology in vitro, under simulation-of-use conditions, and in situ. The tests were undertaken in vitro according to the ISO 22196:2011, ISO 20473:2013, and NF S90-700:2019 standards with adapted parameters. Simulation-of-use tests evaluated the robustness of the activity under worst-case scenarios. The in situ tests were conducted on high-touch surfaces. The in vitro results show efficient antimicrobial activity against referenced strains with a log reduction of >2. The sustainability of this effect was time-dependent and detected at lower temperatures (20 ± 2.5 °C) and humidity (46%) conditions for variable inoculum concentrations and contact times. The simulation of use proved the microsphere’s efficiency under harsh mechanical and chemical tests. The in situ studies showed a higher than 90% reduction in CFU/25 cm2 per treated surface versus the untreated surfaces, reaching a targeted value of 2. Mineral oxide microspheres can be incorporated into unlimited surface types, including medical devices, to efficiently and sustainably prevent microbial contamination.
Published: 2023
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8. Fungal Contamination of Building Materials and the Aerosolization of Particles and Toxins in Indoor Air and Their Associated Risks to Health: A Review

Author: Mohamad Al Hallak, Thomas Verdier, Alexandra Bertron, Christine Roques, and Jean-Denis Bailly
Subjects: indoor air quality (IAQ), bioaerosols, fungi, building materials, aerosolization, mycotoxins, Medicine
Abstract: It is now well established that biological pollution is a major cause of the degradation of indoor air quality. It has been shown that microbial communities from the outdoors may significantly impact the communities detected indoors. One can reasonably assume that the fungal contamination of the surfaces of building materials and their release into indoor air may also significantly impact indoor air quality. Fungi are well known as common contaminants of the indoor environment with the ability to grow on many types of building materials and to subsequently release biological particles into the indoor air. The aerosolization of allergenic compounds or mycotoxins borne by fungal particles or vehiculated by dust may have a direct impact on the occupant’s health. However, to date, very few studies have investigated such an impact. The present paper reviewed the available data on indoor fungal contamination in different types of buildings with the aim of highlighting the direct connections between the growth on indoor building materials and the degradation of indoor air quality through the aerosolization of mycotoxins. Some studies showed that average airborne fungal spore concentrations were higher in buildings where mould was a contaminant than in normal buildings and that there was a strong association between fungal contamination and health problems for occupants. In addition, the most frequent fungal species on surfaces are also those most commonly identified in indoor air, regardless the geographical location in Europe or the USA. Some fungal species contaminating the indoors may be dangerous for human health as they produce mycotoxins. These contaminants, when aerosolized with fungal particles, can be inhaled and may endanger human health. However, it appears that more work is needed to characterize the direct impact of surface contamination on the airborne fungal particle concentration. In addition, fungal species growing in buildings and their known mycotoxins are different from those contaminating foods. This is why further in situ studies to identify fungal contaminants at the species level and to quantify their average concentration on both surfaces and in the air are needed to be better predict health risks due to mycotoxin aerosolization.
Published: 2023
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9. Characterization of the microbiome associated with in situ earthen materials

Author: Alexis Simons, Alexandra Bertron, Jean-Emmanuel Aubert, Christophe Roux, and Christine Roques
Subjects: Earthen building materials, High-throughput sequencing, Microbial diversity, Built-environment microbiome, Bacterial communities, Fungal communities, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Abstract Background The current increase in public awareness of environmental risks is giving rise to a growth of interest in the microbiological safety of buildings. In particular, microbial proliferation on construction materials can be responsible for the degradation of indoor air quality that can increase health-risk to occupants. Raw earth materials are still widely used throughout the world and, in some cases, are linked to heritage habitats, as in the southwest of France. Moreover, these building materials are currently the subject of renewed interest for ecological and economic reasons. However, the microbial status of earthen materials raises major concerns: could the microbiome associated with such natural materials cause disease in building occupants? Very few analyses have been performed on the microbial communities present on these supports. Characterizing the raw earth material microbiome is also important for a better evaluation and understanding of the susceptibility of such materials to microbial development. This study presents the distribution of in situ bacterial and fungal communities on different raw earth materials used in construction. Various buildings were sampled in France and the microbial communities present were characterized by amplicon high-throughput sequencing (bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS1 region). Bacterial culture isolates were identified at the species level by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Results The major fungal and bacterial genera identified were mainly associated with conventional outdoor and indoor environmental communities, and no specific harmful bacterial species were detected on earthen materials. However, contrary to expectations, few human-associated genera were detected in dwellings. We found lower microbial alpha-diversity in earthen material than is usually found in soil, suggesting a loss of diversity during the use of these materials in buildings. Interestingly enough, the main features influencing microbial communities were building history and room use, rather than material composition. Conclusions These results constitute a first in-depth analysis of microbial communities present on earthen materials in situ and may be considered as a first referential to investigate microbial communities on such materials according to environmental conditions and their potential health impact. The bacterial and fungal flora detected were similar to those found in conventional habitats and are thought to be mainly impacted by specific events in the building’s life, such as water damage.
Published: 2020
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10. Highlighting the gaps in quantifying the economic burden of surgical site infections associated with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria

Author: Katia Iskandar, Massimo Sartelli, Marwan Tabbal, Luca Ansaloni, Gian Luca Baiocchi, Fausto Catena, Federico Coccolini, Mainul Haque, Francesco Maria Labricciosa, Ayad Moghabghab, Leonardo Pagani, Pierre Abi Hanna, Christine Roques, Pascale Salameh, and Laurent Molinier
Subjects: Surgical site infection, Antimicrobial resistance, Economic burden, Surveillance, Surgery, RD1-811, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: Abstract Antibiotics are the pillar of surgery from prophylaxis to treatment; any failure is potentially a leading cause for increased morbidity and mortality. Robust data on the burden of SSI especially those due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) show variable rates between countries and geographical regions but accurate estimates of the incidence of surgical site infections (SSI) due to AMR and its related global economic impact are yet to be determined. Quantifying the burden of SSI treatment is an incentive to sensitize governments, healthcare systems, and the society to invest in quality improvement and sustainable development. However in the absence of a unified epidemiologically sound infection definition of SSI and a well-designed global surveillance system, the end result is a lack of accurate and reliable data that limits the comparability of estimates between countries and the possibility of tracking changes to inform healthcare professionals about the appropriateness of implemented infection prevention and control strategies. This review aims to highlight the reported gaps in surveillance methods, epidemiologic data, and evidence-based SSI prevention practices and in the methodologies undertaken for the evaluation of the economic burden of SSI associated with AMR bacteria. If efforts to tackle this problem are taken in isolation without a global alliance and data is still lacking generalizability and comparability, we may see the future as a race between the global research efforts for the advancement in surgery and the global alarming reports of the increased incidence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens threatening to undermine any achievement.
Published: 2019
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11. Sources and reservoirs of Staphylococcus capitis NRCS-A inside a NICU

Author: Marine Butin, Yann Dumont, Alice Monteix, Aurane Raphard, Christine Roques, Patricia Martins Simoes, Jean-Charles Picaud, and Frédéric Laurent
Subjects: Staphylococcus capitis, NRCS-A, Neonatal ICUs, Sepsis, Incubators, Environment, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Abstract Background The methicillin-resistant clone Staphylococcus capitis NRCS-A, involved in sepsis in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) worldwide, is able to persist and spread in NICUs, suggesting the presence of reservoirs inside each setting. The purpose of the present study was to identify these reservoirs and to investigate the cycle of transmission of NRCS-A in one NICU. Methods In a single institution study, NRCS-A was sought in 106 consecutive vaginal samples of pregnant women to identify a potential source of NRCS-A importation into the NICU. Additionally NICU caregivers and environmental including incubators were tested to identify putative secondary reservoirs. Finally, the efficacy of disinfection procedure in the elimination of NRCS-A from incubators was evaluated. Results No S. capitis was isolated from vaginal samples of pregnant women. Three of the 21 tested caregivers (14%) carried S. capitis on their hands, but none remain positive after a five-day wash-out period outside NICU. Moreover, the clone NRCS-A persisted during six consecutive weeks in the NICU environment, but none of the sampled sites was constantly contaminated. Finally in our before/after disinfection study, all of 16 incubators were colonized before disinfection and 10 (62%) incubators remained colonized with NRCS-A after the disinfection procedure. Conclusions The partial ineffectiveness of incubators’ disinfection procedures is responsible for persistence of NRCS-A inside a NICU, and the passive hand contamination of caregivers could be involved in the inter-patient transmission of S. capitis.
Published: 2019
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12. Antibacterial Electrodeposited Copper-Doped Calcium Phosphate Coatings for Dental Implants

Author: Camille Pierre, Ghislaine Bertrand, Iltaf Pavy, Olivier Benhamou, Christian Rey, Christine Roques, and Christèle Combes
Subjects: dental implants, calcium phosphate coating, copper, antibacterial, biofilm model, peri-implantitis, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Dental implants provide a good solution for the replacement of tooth roots. However, the full restoration of tooth functions relies on the bone-healing period before positioning the abutment and the crown on the implant, with the associated risk of post-operative infection. This study aimed at developing a homogeneous and adherent thin calcium phosphate antibacterial coating on titanium dental implants by electrodeposition to favor both implant osseointegration and to limit peri-implantitis. By combining global (XRD, FTIR-ATR, elemental titration) and local (SEM, Raman spectroscopy on the coating surface and thickness) characterization techniques, we determined the effect of electrodeposition time on the characteristics and phases content of the coating and the associated mechanism of its formation. The 1-min-electrodeposited CaP coating (thickness: 2 ± 1 μm) was mainly composed of nano-needles of octacalcium phosphate. We demonstrated its mechanical stability after screwing and unscrewing the dental implant in an artificial jawbone. Then, we showed that we can reach a high copper incorporation rate (up to a 27% Cu/(Cu+Ca) molar ratio) in this CaP coating by using an ionic exchange post-treatment with copper nitrate solution at different concentrations. The biological properties (antibiofilm activity and cytotoxicity) were tested in vitro using a model of mixed bacteria biofilm mimicking peri-implantitis and the EN 10993-5 standard (direct contact), respectively. An efficient copper-doping dose was determined, providing an antibiofilm property to the coating without cytotoxic side effects. By combining the electrodeposition and copper ionic exchange processes, we can develop an antibiofilm calcium phosphate coating on dental implants with a tunable thickness and phases content.
Published: 2022
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13. Highlighting the Microbial Contamination of the Dropper Tip and Cap of In-Use Eye Drops, the Associated Contributory Factors, and the Risk of Infection: A Past-30-Years Literature Review

Author: Katia Iskandar, Loïc Marchin, Laurent Kodjikian, Maxime Rocher, and Christine Roques
Subjects: eye drops, dropper tip, cap, microbial contamination, ocular infection, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract: The sterility of eye drop content is a primary concern from manufacturing until opening, as well as during handling by end users, while microbial contamination of the dropper tip and cap are often disregarded. The contamination of these sites during drug administration represents a risk of microbial transmission and ocular infection. In this review, we aim to assess microbial contamination of the dropper tip and cap of in-use eye drops, the associated contributory factors, and the risk of infection. We conducted a literature search of the MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane Central databases. A total of 31 out of 1503 studies were selected. All the studies conducted in different settings that documented microbiologically contaminated in-use eye drops were included. Our review showed that microbial contamination of the dropper tip and cap of in-use eye drops ranged from 7.7 to 100% of the total contaminated tested samples. Documented contributory factors were conflicting across the literature. Studies investigating the association between eye infection and microbial contamination of the dropper tip and cap were scarce. New technologies offer a promising potential for securing the long-term sterility of eye drop content, tips, and caps, which could benefit from more research and well-defined study protocols under real-life scenarios.
Published: 2022
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14. Seaweed Extracts as an Effective Gateway in the Search for Novel Antibiofilm Agents against Staphylococcus aureus

Author: Maya Rima, Asma Chbani, Christine Roques, and Fatima El Garah
Subjects: Staphylococcus aureus, seaweed extracts, anti-biofilm, anti-adhesion, hydrophobicity, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Treatment of biofilm-associated infections has become a major challenge in biomedical and clinical fields due to the failure of conventional treatments in controlling this highly complex and tolerant structure. Therefore, the search for novel antibiofilm agents with increased efficacy as those provided by natural products, presents an urgent need. The aim of this study was to explore extracts derived from three algae (green Ulva lactuca, brown Stypocaulon scoparium, red Pterocladiella capillacea) for their potential antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus, bacterium responsible for several acute and chronic infections. Seaweed extracts were prepared by successive maceration in various solvents (cyclohexane (CH), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA), and methanol (MeOH)). The ability of the different extracts to inhibit S. aureus biofilm formation was assessed using colony-forming unit (CFU) counts method supported by epifluorescence microscopic analysis. Effects of active extracts on the biofilm growth cycle, as well as on S. aureus surface hydrophobicity were evaluated. Results revealed the ability of four extracts to significantly inhibit S. aureus biofilm formation. These findings were supported by microscopy analyses. The gradual increase in the number of adherent bacteria when the selected extracts were added at various times (t0, t2h, t4h, t6h, and t24h) revealed their potential effect on the initial adhesion and proliferation stages of S. aureus biofilm development. Interestingly, a significant reduction in the surface hydrophobicity of S. aureus treated with dichloromethane (DCM) extract derived from U. lactuca was demonstrated. These findings present new insights into the exploration of seaweeds as a valuable source of antibiofilm agents with preventive effect by inhibiting and/or delaying biofilm formation.
Published: 2022
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15. Catalysis of the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by animal and human cells.

Author: Simon Guette-Marquet, Christine Roques, and Alain Bergel
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Animal cells from the Vero lineage and MRC5 human cells were checked for their capacity to catalyse the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The Vero cells needed 72 hours' incubation to induce ORR catalysis. The cyclic voltammetry curves were clearly modified by the presence of the cells with a shift of ORR of 50 mV towards positive potentials and the appearance of a limiting current (59 μA.cm-2). The MRC5 cells induced considerable ORR catalysis after only 4 h of incubation with a potential shift of 110 mV but with large experimental deviation. A longer incubation time, of 24 h, made the results more reproducible with a potential shift of 90 mV. The presence of carbon nanotubes on the electrode surface or pre-treatment with foetal bovine serum or poly-D-lysine did not change the results. These data are the first demonstrations of the capability of animal and human cells to catalyse electrochemical ORR. The discussion of the possible mechanisms suggests that these pioneering observations could pave the way for electrochemical biosensors able to characterize the protective system of cells against oxidative stress and its sensitivity to external agents.
Published: 2021
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16. Investigation of Direct and Retro Chromone-2-Carboxamides Based Analogs of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing Signal as New Anti-Biofilm Agents

Author: Jeanne Trognon, Gonzalo Vera, Maya Rima, Jean-Luc Stigliani, Laurent Amielet, Salomé El Hage, Barbora Lajoie, Christine Roques, and Fatima El Garah
Subjects: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Quorum Sensing inhibition, chromone carboxamides, PqsR, Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal (PQS), biofilms, Medicine, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract: Biofilm formation is considered a major cause of therapeutic failure because bacteria in biofilms have higher protection against antimicrobials. Thus, biofilm-related infections are extremely challenging to treat and pose major concerns for public health, along with huge economic impacts. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in particular, is a “critical priority” pathogen, responsible for severe infections, especially in cystic fibrosis patients because of its capacity to form resistant biofilms. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are needed to complete the pipeline of molecules offering new targets and modes of action. Biofilm formation is mainly controlled by Quorum Sensing (QS), a communication system based on signaling molecules. In the present study, we employed a molecular docking approach (Autodock Vina) to assess two series of chromones-based compounds as possible ligands for PqsR, a LuxR-type receptor. Most compounds showed good predicted affinities for PqsR, higher than the PQS native ligand. Encouraged by these docking results, we synthesized a library of 34 direct and 25 retro chromone carboxamides using two optimized routes from 2-chromone carboxylic acid as starting material for both series. We evaluated the synthesized carboxamides for their ability to inhibit the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa in vitro. Overall, results showed several chromone 2-carboxamides of the retro series are potent inhibitors of the formation of P. aeruginosa biofilms (16/25 compound with % inhibition ≥ 50% at 50 μM), without cytotoxicity on Vero cells (IC50 > 1.0 mM). The 2,4-dinitro-N-(4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl) benzamide (6n) was the most promising antibiofilm compound, with potential for hit to lead optimization.
Published: 2022
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17. Antibiotic Discovery and Resistance: The Chase and the Race

Author: Katia Iskandar, Jayaseelan Murugaiyan, Dalal Hammoudi Halat, Said El Hage, Vindana Chibabhai, Saranya Adukkadukkam, Christine Roques, Laurent Molinier, Pascale Salameh, and Maarten Van Dongen
Subjects: antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance, innovative antibiotics, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: The history of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) evolution and the diversity of the environmental resistome indicate that AMR is an ancient natural phenomenon. Acquired resistance is a public health concern influenced by the anthropogenic use of antibiotics, leading to the selection of resistant genes. Data show that AMR is spreading globally at different rates, outpacing all efforts to mitigate this crisis. The search for new antibiotic classes is one of the key strategies in the fight against AMR. Since the 1980s, newly marketed antibiotics were either modifications or improvements of known molecules. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes the current pipeline as bleak, and warns about the scarcity of new leads. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the pre-clinical and clinical pipeline indicates that few antibiotics may reach the market in a few years, predominantly not those that fit the innovative requirements to tackle the challenging spread of AMR. Diversity and innovation are the mainstays to cope with the rapid evolution of AMR. The discovery and development of antibiotics must address resistance to old and novel antibiotics. Here, we review the history and challenges of antibiotics discovery and describe different innovative new leads mechanisms expected to replenish the pipeline, while maintaining a promising possibility to shift the chase and the race between the spread of AMR, preserving antibiotic effectiveness, and meeting innovative leads requirements.
Published: 2022
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18. Seaweed Extracts: A Promising Source of Antibiofilm Agents with Distinct Mechanisms of Action against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Author: Maya Rima, Jeanne Trognon, Laure Latapie, Asma Chbani, Christine Roques, and Fatima El Garah
Subjects: seaweed extracts, Ulva lactuca, anti-biofilm, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, synergistic activity, biofilm-matrix, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: The organization of bacteria in biofilms is one of the adaptive resistance mechanisms providing increased protection against conventional treatments. Thus, the search for new antibiofilm agents for medical purposes, especially of natural origin, is currently the object of much attention. The objective of the study presented here was to explore the potential of extracts derived from three seaweeds: the green Ulva lactuca, the brown Stypocaulon scoparium, and the red Pterocladiella capillacea, in terms of their antibiofilm activity against P. aeruginosa. After preparation of extracts by successive maceration in various solvents, their antibiofilm activity was evaluated on biofilm formation and on mature biofilms. Their inhibition and eradication abilities were determined using two complementary methods: crystal violet staining and quantification of adherent bacteria. The effect of active extracts on biofilm morphology was also investigated by epifluorescence microscopy. Results revealed a promising antibiofilm activity of two extracts (cyclohexane and ethyl acetate) derived from the green alga by exhibiting a distinct mechanism of action, which was supported by microscopic analyses. The ethyl acetate extract was further explored for its interaction with tobramycin and colistin. Interestingly, this extract showed a promising synergistic effect with tobramycin. First analyses of the chemical composition of extracts by GC–MS allowed for the identification of several molecules. Their implication in the interesting antibiofilm activity is discussed. These findings suggest the ability of the green alga U. lactuca to offer a promising source of bioactive candidates that could have both a preventive and a curative effect in the treatment of biofilms.
Published: 2022
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19. Susceptibility of earth-based construction materials to fungal proliferation: laboratory and in situ assessment

Author: Alexis Simons, Alexandra Bertron, Christophe Roux, Aurélie Laborel-Préneron, Jean-Emmanuel Aubert, and Christine Roques
Subjects: earthen bio-based building materials, fungal proliferation, in situ sampling, Building construction, TH1-9745
Abstract: The impact of building materials on the environment and the health of occupants is nowadays a priority issue. Ecological construction materials such as earthen materials are currently experiencing a regain of interest due to both ecological and economic factors. The microbial proliferation on indoor materials can induce a deterioration of the building air quality and lead to an increase of health risks for the occupants. The issue of indoor air quality raises questions about the use of earthen building materials and their possible susceptibility to fungal development. The microflora of earthen materials and their ability to grow on such support are indeed poorly studied. This study focused on the quantification of both bacterial and fungal microflora along the manufacturing process. The impact of extreme humidity, simulating a hydric accident, on microflora development was analyzed on the surface and inside earthen bricks. The initial microflora of these materials was dramatically reduced during the manufacturing process, especially after heat treatment for drying. Proliferation of remaining microorganisms was only observed under high humidity condition, in particular for earthen materials with vegetal aggregates. Moreover, in situ samplings were performed on naturally dried earthen materials used in buildings. The characterization of the microbial density revealed a higher microbial density than on manufactured specimens, while microbial concentration and detected taxa seemed mainly related to the room use and building history. These results provide a better understanding of microbial proliferation on these materials.
Published: 2019
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20. Drivers of Antibiotic Resistance Transmission in Low- and Middle-Income Countries from a 'One Health' Perspective—A Review

Author: Katia Iskandar, Laurent Molinier, Souheil Hallit, Massimo Sartelli, Fausto Catena, Federico Coccolini, Timothy Craig Hardcastle, Christine Roques, and Pascale Salameh
Subjects: antibiotic resistance, one health, Low- and Middle-income countries, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: Antibiotic resistance is an ecosystem problem threatening the interrelated human-animal-environment health under the “One Health” framework. Resistant bacteria arising in one geographical area can spread via cross-reservoir transmission to other areas worldwide either by direct exposure or through the food chain and the environment. Drivers of antibiotic resistance are complex and multi-sectoral particularly in Lower- and Middle-income countries. These include inappropriate socio-ecological behaviors; poverty; overcrowding; lack of surveillance systems; food supply chain safety issues; highly contaminated waste effluents; and loose rules and regulations. In order to examine the drivers of antibiotic resistance from a “one health” perspective, a literature review was conducted on three databases including PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. A total of 485 studies of potential relevance were selected, out of which 182 were included in this review. Results have shown that the aforementioned market failures are the leading cause for the negative externality of antibiotic resistance that extends in scope from the individual to the global ecosystem. Incremental and sustainable global actions can make the change, however, the problem will continue to prevail if governments do not prioritize the “One health” approach and if individual’s accountability is still denied in a world struggling with profound socio-economic problems.
Published: 2020
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21. Staphylococcus capitis isolated from bloodstream infections: a nationwide 3-month survey in 38 neonatal intensive care units

Author: Decalonne, Marie, Dos Santos, Sandra, Gimenes, Rémi, Goube, Florent, Abadie, Géraldine, Aberrane, Saïd, Ambrogi, Vanina, Baron, Raoul, Barthelemy, Patrick, Bauvin, Isabelle, Belmonte, Olivier, Benabid, Emilie, Ammar, Rafik Ben, Yahia, Salma Ben Hadj, Berrouane, Yasmina, Berthelot, Philippe, Beuchee, Alain, Bille, Emmanuelle, Bolot, Pascal, Bordes-Couecou, Stéphanie, Bouissou, Antoine, Bourdon, Sandra, Bourgeois-Nicolaos, Nadège, Boyer, Sophie, Cattoen, Christian, Cattoir, Vincent, Chaplain, Chantal, Chatelet, Céline, Claudinon, Aurore, Chautemps, Nathalie, Cormier, Hélène, Coroller-Bec, Céline, Cotte, Benjamin, De Chillaz, Carole, Dauwalder, Olivier, Davy, Aude, Delorme, Martine, Demasure, Maryvonne, Desfrere, Luc, Drancourt, Michel, Dupin, Clarisse, Faraut-Derouin, Véronique, Florentin, Arnaud, Forget, Virginie, Fortineau, Nicolas, Foucan, Tania, Frange, Pierre, Gambarotto, Karine, Gascoin, Géraldine, Gibert, Laure, Gilquin, Jacques, Glanard, Audrey, Grando, Jacqueline, Gravet, Alain, Guinard, Jérôme, Hery-Arnaud, Geneviève, Huart, Claire, Idri, Nadia, Jellimann, Jean-Marc, Join-Lambert, Olivier, Joron, Sylvie, Jouvencel, Philippe, Kempf, Marie, Ketterer-Martinon, Sophie, Khecharem, Mouna, Klosowski, Serge, Labbe, Franck, Lacazette, Adeline, Lapeyre, Fabrice, Larche, Jérôme, Larroude, Peggy, Le Pourhiennec, Anne, Le Sache, Nolwenn, Ledru, Sylvie, Lefebvre, Annick, Legeay, Clément, Lemann, Florence, Lesteven, Claire, Levast-Raffin, Marion, Leyssene, David, Ligi, Isabelle, Lozniewski, Alain, Lureau, Pierre, Mallaval, Franck-Olivier, Malpote, Edith, Marret, Stéphane, Martres, Pascale, Menard, Guillaume, Menvielle, Laura, Mereghetti, Laurent, Merle, Véronique, Minery, Pascale, Morange, Virginie, Mourdie, Julien, Muggeo, Anaelle, Nakhleh, Jean, Noulard, Marie-Noëlle, Olive, Claude, Patural, Hugues, Penn, Pascale, Petitfrere, Manuel, Pozetto, Bruno, Riviere, Brigitte, Robine, Audrey, Ceschin, Christine Roques, Ruimy, Raymond, Siali, Amine, Soive, Stéphanie, Slimani, Souad, Trentesaux, Anne-Sophie, Trivier, Dominique, Vandenbussche, Christian, Villeneuve, Laurent, Werner, Evelyne, Le Vu, Stéphane, and Van Der Mee-Marquet, Nathalie
Published: 2020
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22. Understanding the bactericidal mechanism of Cu(OH)2 nanorods in water through Mg-substitution: high production of toxic hydroxyl radicals by non-soluble particles

Author: Batiste Clavier, Téo Baptiste, Antonii Zhadan, Amandine Guiet, Fabien Boucher, Vlasta Brezová, Christine Roques, and Gwenaël Corbel
Subjects: Biomedical Engineering, General Materials Science, General Chemistry, General Medicine
Abstract: Toxic hydroxyl radicals produced by Cu(OH)2 nanorods completely disinfect water contaminated with S. aureus and E. coli after only 180 min.
Published: 2022
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23. Tio2 Photocatalytic Biocidal Activity on Escherichia Coli and On Aspergillus Niger under Different Methodological Conditions

Author: Mohamad Al-Hallak, Thomas Verdier, Alexandra Bertron, Christine Roques, and Jean-Denis Bailly
Published: 2023
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24. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries: a scattered picture

Author: Mainul Haque, Salequl Islam, Isa Naina Mohamed, Nurul Adilla Hayat Jamaluddin, Halyna Lugova, Souheil Hallit, Pascale Salameh, Christine Roques, Irfan Mohammed, Paras Sharma, Katia Iskandar, Pierre Abi Hanna, Sameer Dhingra, Massimo Sartelli, Timothy Craig Hardcastle, Said El Hajj, and Laurent Molinier
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), 030106 microbiology, Population, Developing country, Context (language use), Drug resistance, Review, Antimicrobial resistance, Health informatics, Communicable Diseases, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Development economics, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), lcsh:RC109-216, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Developing Countries, Health policy, education.field_of_study, Surveillance, business.industry, Corporate governance, Health Policy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Social dilemma, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Low- and Middle-Income countries, Infectious Diseases, Population Surveillance, business
Abstract: Data on comprehensive population-based surveillance of antimicrobial resistance is lacking. In low- and middle-income countries, the challenges are high due to weak laboratory capacity, poor health systems governance, lack of health information systems, and limited resources. Developing countries struggle with political and social dilemma, and bear a high health and economic burden of communicable diseases. Available data are fragmented and lack representativeness which limits their use to advice health policy makers and orientate the efficient allocation of funding and financial resources on programs to mitigate resistance. Low-quality data means soaring rates of antimicrobial resistance and the inability to track and map the spread of resistance, detect early outbreaks, and set national health policy to tackle resistance. Here, we review the barriers and limitations of conducting effective antimicrobial resistance surveillance, and we highlight multiple incremental approaches that may offer opportunities to strengthen population-based surveillance if tailored to the context of each country.
Published: 2021

25. Revisiting Mg solubility in CuO nanorods: limit probed by neutron diffraction and effect on the particle toxicity towards bacteria in water

Author: Batiste Clavier, Antonii Zhadan, Téo Baptiste, Fabien Boucher, Amandine Guiet, Florence Porcher, Vlasta Brezová, Christine Roques, Gwenaël Corbel, Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de Technologie du Mans (IUT Le Mans), Le Mans Université (UM), Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (LLB - UMR 12), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: Ions, Staphylococcus aureus, Nanotubes, Water, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Hydrogen Peroxide, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, Free oxygen radicals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Inorganic Chemistry, Neutron Diffraction, Solubility, [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, Escherichia coli, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, EPR, Magnesium Oxide, Reactive Oxygen Species, Cupric oxide, Copper
Abstract: International audience; Both nanometer-sized CuO and MgO particles exhibit bactericidal activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, two bacteria causing healthcare-associated infections. The solid solution Cu1−xMgxO is potentially interesting for biomedical applications as one of the compositions could have a much higher bactericidal activity than the parent CuO and MgO oxides considered separately. But, to date, no Vegard’s law proves the real existence of such a solid solution. This study was aimed at shedding light on the solubility of Mg2+ ions in CuO nanoparticles and its impact on the free oxygen radicals they produce, the quantity of which determines their bactericidal performance. The solid solution Cu1−xMgxO does exist and particles were synthesized as nanorods of 50–60 nm length by thermally decomposing at 400 °C the single source precursors Cu1−xMgx(OH)2. Vegard’s laws exist only in the compositional range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1, due to the low capacity of the distorted NaCl-type structure to accommodate regular coordination [MgO6] octahedra. Only neutron diffraction allowed the detection of the small amount of MgO nanoparticles present as impurity in a 10 g sample beyond the solubility limit of x = 0.1. In this series, CuO nanorods remain the most active against E. coli and S. aureus with reduction in viability of 99.998% and 98.7% after 180 min in water, respectively. Our synthesis route has significantly increased the activity of pure CuO nanoparticles beyond the values reported so far, especially against E. coli. The bactericidal performances of CuO and the magnesium-substituted counterparts (i.e. Cu1−xMgxO) are not linked to cupric ions they release in water since their mass concentrations after 180 min are much lower than minimal concentrations inhibiting the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. TheseCuO nanorods kill bacteria in water because they produce a large quantity of free oxygen radicals in the presence of H2O2 only, the majority of which are highly toxic HO• radicals. Mg2+ ions have a detrimental effect on this production, thus explaining the lowest bactericidal performance of Cu1−xMgxO nanorods. Definitive knowledge of the toxicity of Cu1−xMgxO nanoparticles towards bacteria in water is now available.
Published: 2022
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26. Discovery of potent 1,1-diarylthiogalactoside glycomimetic inhibitors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa LecA with antibiofilm properties

Author: Alexandre Bruneau, Emilie Gillon, Aurélie Furiga, Etienne Brachet, Mouad Alami, Christine Roques, Annabelle Varrot, Anne Imberty, and Samir Messaoudi
Subjects: Pharmacology, Organic Chemistry, Drug Discovery, General Medicine
Abstract: In this work, β-thiogalactoside mimetics bearing 1,1-diarylmethylene or benzophenone aglycons have been prepared and assayed for their affinity towards LecA, a lectin and virulence factor from Pseudomonas aeruginosa involved in bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. The hit compound presents higher efficiency than previously described monovalent inhibitors and the crystal structure confirmed the occurrence of additional contacts between the aglycone and the protein surface. The highest affinity (160 nM) was obtained for a divalent ligand containing two galactosides. The monovalent high affinity compound (K
Published: 2023
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27. Conception of a biofilm bioreactor for continuous alcoholic and malolactic fermentations of grape must

Author: Marianne Gosset, Yannick Manon, Magali Garcia, Christine Roques, and Patricia Taillandier
Subjects: General Medicine
Published: 2023
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28. Seaweed Extracts: A Promising Source of Antibiofilm Agents with Distinct Mechanisms of Action against

Author: Maya, Rima, Jeanne, Trognon, Laure, Latapie, Asma, Chbani, Christine, Roques, and Fatima, El Garah
Subjects: Ulva, Colistin, Biofilms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rhodophyta, Solvents, Tobramycin, Drug Synergism, Phaeophyta, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Anti-Bacterial Agents
Abstract: The organization of bacteria in biofilms is one of the adaptive resistance mechanisms providing increased protection against conventional treatments. Thus, the search for new antibiofilm agents for medical purposes, especially of natural origin, is currently the object of much attention. The objective of the study presented here was to explore the potential of extracts derived from three seaweeds: the green
Published: 2021

29. The European tiered approach for virucidal efficacy testing – rationale for rapidly selecting disinfectants against emerging and re-emerging viral diseases

Author: Valerie Fotheringham, Jürgen Gebel, Miranda Suchomel, Bernhard Meyer, Christine Roques, Pilar Visa, Hans Joachim Roedger, Maren Eggers, Katrin Steinhauer, Ingeborg Schwebke, and Graziella Morace
Subjects: emerging virus, medicine.medical_specialty, Isolation (health care), Epidemiology, viruses, media_common.quotation_subject, European Standardisation, Guidelines as Topic, Context (language use), law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, Hygiene, hand hygiene, Virology, Quarantine, Pandemic, Humans, Medicine, ddc:610, infection prevention and control, Intensive care medicine, Pandemics, media_common, outbreak, SARS-CoV-2, Transmission (medicine), business.industry, pandemic, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, Outbreak, chemistry, Virus Diseases, surface disinfection, Perspective, Anti-Infective Agents, Local, Preventive Medicine, Vaccinia, disinfectants, 610 Medizin und Gesundheit, business
Abstract: When facing an emerging virus outbreak such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a quick reaction time is key to control the spread. It takes time to develop antivirals and vaccines, and implement vaccination campaigns. Therefore, preventive measures such as rapid isolation of cases and identification and early quarantine of cases’ close contacts—as well as masks, physical distancing, hand hygiene, surface disinfection and air control—are crucial to reduce the risk of transmission. In this context, disinfectants and antiseptics with proven efficacy against the outbreak virus should be used. However, biocidal formulations are quite complex and may include auxiliary substances such as surfactants or emollients in addition to active substances. In order to evaluate disinfectants’ efficacy objectively, meaningful efficacy data are needed. Therefore, the European Committee for Standardisation technical committee 216 ‘Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics’ Working Group 1 (medical area) has developed standards for efficacy testing. The European tiered approach grades the virucidal efficacy in three levels, with corresponding marker test viruses. In the case of SARS-CoV-2, disinfectants with proven activity against vaccinia virus, the marker virus for the European claim ‘active against enveloped viruses’, should be used to ensure effective hygiene procedures to control the pandemic.
Published: 2021
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30. Hydration and bactericidal activity of nanometer- and micrometer-sized particles of rock salt-type Mg1-xCuxO oxides

Author: Fabien Boucher, Téo Baptiste, Zuzana Barbieriková, Christine Roques, Amandine Guiet, Vlasta Brezová, Tomáš Hajdu, Gwenaël Corbel, Batiste Clavier, Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Le Mans Université (UM), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Staphylococcus aureus, Materials science, Chemical warfare agents, Oxide, Nanoparticle, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Suspension (chemistry), Biomaterials, Magnesium hydroxide, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, Escherichia coli, Dissolution, Magnesium ion, Antibacterial agent, Nanopesticides, Precipitation (chemistry), [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, 0210 nano-technology, Reactive Oxygen Species
Abstract: International audience; Copper substitution together with nano-structuring are applied with the aim to increase the bactericidal performances of the rocksalt-type MgO oxide. The partial substitution of magnesium ions with Cu2+ has been successfully achieved in both micrometer- and nanometer-sized particles of MgO up to 20 mol% in increments of 5 mol%. Microstructural analyses using the Integral Breadth method revealed that the thermal decomposition of the single source precursor Mg1-xCux(OH)2-2y(CO3)y.zH2O at 400 °C creates numerous defects in 10–20 nm-sized particles of Mg1-xCuxO thus obtained. These defects make the surface of nanoparticles highly reactive towards the sorption of water molecules, to the extent that the cubic cell a parameter in as-prepared Mg1-xCuxO expands by +0.24% as soon as the nanoparticles are exposed to ambient air (60% RH). The hydration of Mg1-xCuxO particles in liquid water is based on a conventional dissolution-precipitation mechanism. Particles of a few microns in size dissolve all the more slowly the higher the copper content and only Mg(OH)2 starts precipitating after 3 h. In contrast, the dissolution of all 10–20 nm-sized Mg1-xCuxO particles is complete over a 3 h period and water suspension only contains 4–12 nm-sized Mg1-xCux(OH)2 particles after 3 h. Thereby, the bactericidal activity reported for water suspension of Mg1-xCuxO nanoparticles depends on the speed at which these nanoparticles dissolve and Mg1-xCux(OH)2 nanoparticles precipitate in the first 3 h. Only 10 mol% of cupric ions in MgO nanoparticles are sufficient to kill both E. coli and S. aureus with a bactericidal kinetics faster and reductions in viability at 3 h (6.5 Log10 and 2.7 Log10, respectively) higher than the conventional antibacterial agent CuO (4.7 Log10 and 2 Log10 under the same conditions). EPR spin trapping study reveals that “hydroxylated” Mg0.9Cu0.1O as well as Mg0.9Cu0.1(OH)2 nanoparticles produce more spin-adducts with highly toxic hydroxyl radicals than their copper-free counterparts. The rapid mass adsorption of Mg0.9Cu0.1(OH)2 nanoparticles onto the cell envelopes following their precipitation together with their ability to produce Reactive Oxygen Species are responsible for the exceptionally high bactericidal activity measured in the course of the hydroxylation of Mg0.9Cu0.1O nanoparticles.
Published: 2021
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31. Hydration and bactericidal activity of nanometer- and micrometer-sized particles of rock salt-type Mg

Author: Batiste, Clavier, Téo, Baptiste, Zuzana, Barbieriková, Tomáš, Hajdu, Amandine, Guiet, Fabien, Boucher, Vlasta, Brezová, Christine, Roques, and Gwenaël, Corbel
Subjects: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Metal Nanoparticles, Nanoparticles, Magnesium, Oxides
Abstract: Copper substitution together with nano-structuring are applied with the aim to increase the bactericidal performances of the rocksalt-type MgO oxide. The partial substitution of magnesium ions with Cu
Published: 2020

32. Combined effect of proteins and AgNPs on the adhesion of yeast Candida albicans on solid silica surfaces

Author: Marvine Soumbo, Caroline Bonafos, Christina Villeneuve-Faure, Christine Roques, Kremena Makasheva, Adriana Scarangella, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Diélectriques Solides et Fiabilité (LAPLACE-DSF), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Sciences et Ingénierie des Plasmas Réactifs et des Arcs (LAPLACE-ScIPRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: Surface treatment, Microorganisms, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Silver nanoparticle, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Adsorption, Adhesives, Silicon compounds, Solids, Candida albicans, biology, Chemistry, Proteins, Adhesion, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, Corpus albicans, Yeast, 0104 chemical sciences, Fibronectin, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 13. Climate action, Plasmas, Biophysics, biology.protein, Adhesive, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Research and development of new biomaterials has considerably increased in the last ten years. Description of their properties involves among others their interaction with proteins. Due to the exposure of proteins to non-biological solid surfaces the relationship between protein structure and function might be modified. The conformation and arrangement of the adsorbed proteins on the surface further control the subsequent biological processes and thus determine the biological response to the material. In this work we present the impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded in the near-surface of thin silica layers on the adhesion forces of Candida albicans IP48.72 in conditioned by different proteins environment. Depending on the nature of proteins the effect can be opposite: The Bovin Serum Albumine (BSA) decreases the yeast adhesion on solid silica surfaces while the Fibronectin (Fn) favors it. It is also found that the AgNPs, when embedded in the near-surface of thin silica layers, impair the adhesion forces of C. albicans through the release of silver ions and lead the cell dead.
Published: 2020
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33. Staphylococcus capitis isolated from bloodstream infections: a nationwide 3-month survey in 38 neonatal intensive care units

Author: Sylvie Joron, Stéphane Marret, Fabrice Lapeyre, Jérôme Larche, Jacqueline Grando, David Leyssene, Jean Nakhleh, Clarisse Dupin, Tania Foucan, Stéphanie Bordes-Couecou, Géraldine Abadie, Franck Labbe, Marie Kempf, Manuel Petitfrere, Audrey Robine, Marie Decalonne, Chantal Chaplain, Philippe Jouvencel, Florent Goube, Benjamin Cotte, Laurent Villeneuve, Adeline Lacazette, Raoul Baron, Jean-Marc Jellimann, Anne-Sophie Trentesaux, Nathalie Chautemps, Laurent Mereghetti, Olivier Dauwalder, Nicolas Fortineau, Christine Roques Ceschin, Rafik Ben Ammar, Sandra Bourdon, Alain Gravet, Audrey Glanard, Olivier Belmonte, Jacques Gilquin, Arnaud Florentin, Souad Slimani, Annick Lefebvre, Jérôme Guinard, Edith Malpote, Céline Chatelet, Isabelle Bauvin, Alain Lozniewski, Anaëlle Muggeo, Geneviève Héry-Arnaud, Stéphane Le Vu, Isabelle Ligi, Anne Le Pourhiennec, Christian Cattoen, Olivier Join-Lambert, Bruno Pozetto, Carole De Chillaz, Amine Siali, Pascale Martres, Michel Drancourt, Claire Lesteven, Sandra C. dos Santos, Nadège Bourgeois-Nicolaos, Aude Davy, Claude Olive, Rémi Gimenes, Laure Gibert, Raymond Ruimy, Virginie Morange, Antoine Bouissou, Julien Mourdie, Emmanuelle Bille, Marie-Noëlle Noulard, Vincent Cattoir, Martine Delorme, Dominique Trivier, Luc Desfrere, Hugues Patural, Patrick Barthelemy, Nadia Idri, Florence Lemann, Franck-Olivier Mallaval, Sophie Ketterer-Martinon, Christian Vandenbussche, Pierre Frange, Sylvie Ledru, Mouna Khecharem, Pierre Lureau, Sophie Boyer, Philippe Berthelot, Salma Ben Hadj Yahia, Clément Legeay, Emilie Benabid, Guillaume Menard, Marion Levast-Raffin, Céline Coroller-Bec, Claire Huart, Maryvonne Demasure, Pascal Bolot, Yasmina Berrouane, Hélène Cormier, Pascale Minery, Pascale Penn, Peggy Larroude, Evelyne Werner, Géraldine Gascoin, Virginie Forget, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Stéphanie Soive, Karine Gambarotto, Vanina Ambrogi, Aurore Claudinon, Serge Klosowski, Brigitte Riviere, Véronique Merle, Laura Menvielle, Véronique Faraut-Derouin, Saïd Aberrane, Alain Beuchee, Nolwenn Le Sache, Hôpital Bretonneau, CHU Trousseau [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Centre hospitalier Félix-Guyon [Saint-Denis, La Réunion], Centre Hospitalier René Dubos [Pontoise], Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil (CHIC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), Centre hospitalier de Pau, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), AP-HP - Hôpital Antoine Béclère [Clamart], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Hospitalier de Calais, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis [Ile-de-France], Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque (CHCB), Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre hospitalier [Valenciennes, Nord], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Rennes], GHT de l'Artois, Centre Hospitalier Victor Dupouy, Centre Hospitalier Métropole Savoie [Chambéry], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Centre Hospitalier Le Mans (CH Le Mans), Clinique du Val d'Ouest, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre hospitalier Saint-Brieuc, Centre Hospitalier Georges Renon [Niort] (CH Georges Renon Niort), Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans (CHRO), Hôpital Louis Mourier - AP-HP [Colombes], Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU de Saint-Brieuc, Interactions Gènes-Risques environnementaux et Effets sur la Santé (INGRES), Université de Lorraine (UL), Unité de Recherche Environnement Physique de la plante Horticole (EPHOR), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], Groupe de Recherche sur l'Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu [Paris], Hôpital Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Mulhouse, site du Hasenrain (Mulhouse), Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Université de Brest (UBO), Service de réanimation néonatale [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Pathogénie des infections systémiques (UMR_S 570), Centre Régional de PharmacoVigilance Nord-Pas-de-Calais [CHU Lille] (CRPV), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Faculté de Médecine Henri Warembourg - Université de Lille, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Groupe Hospitalier du Havre Hôpital Jacques Monod (MONTIVILLIERS) (GHH), Polyclinique Médipôle Saint-Roch [Cabestany], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Aix-Marseille Université - École de médecine (AMU SMPM MED), Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté des sciences médicales et paramédicales (AMU SMPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Service de microbiologie [CHU Nancy], Service psychiatrique de l'enfant et de l'adolescent [CHU Hôpital Robert Debré], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré, Service de bactériologie-virologie [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Registre EPIMAD, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Amiens-Picardie-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Pathogénie des Staphylocoques – Staphylococcal Pathogenesis (StaPath), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe Hospitalier Artois-Ternois Centre Hospitalier d’Arras, Système Nerveux Autonome - Epidémiologie, Physiologie, Ingénierie, Santé (SNA - EPIS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), ELSAN Polyclinique Majorelle, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Castres-Mazamet (CHIC-CM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique [Fort-de-France, Martinique], Centre Hospitalier de Lens, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Hôpital Trousseau, Jonchère, Laurent, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), Le CHCB, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Système Nerveux Autonome - Epidémiologie, Physiologie, Ingénierie, Santé (SNA-EPIS), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, CHU Saint-Etienne, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université Lille 2 - Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Félix-Guyon [Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Department of Microbiology Brest, Department of Microbiology, Brest, CHU CLAMART, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU de Nice), Centre Hospitalier Côte Basque, Bayonne, CHU Le Havre, Laboratory of microbiology and infection control, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Charles Nicolle, Partenaires INRAE, CHU de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, France., CHU Lens, CHU Argenteuil, Centre Hospitalier Métropole Savoie-Site de Chambéry, La Clinique du Val d'Ouest, Hôpitaux Est Hôpital Louis Pradel - Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans (CHR), Hopital Louis Mourier - AP-HP [Colombes], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Service de virologie, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Hôpital Bretonneau-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Service de chirurgie infantile, CHU Felix Guyon, Saint Denis de La Réunion, Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu, Unité d'Hygiène Hospitalière, hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital du Hasenrain, Mulhouse, CHU Valenciennes, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP), Hôpital de Bayonne [Bayonne], CHU Kremlin-Bicétre, Anofel Cryptosporidium National Network, Polyclinique de St Roch, CHU Pau, Unité de prévention et de lutte contre les infections nosocomiales [CHU Angers], PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Division of Neonatology, La Conception Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille and Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Laboratoire de Microbiologie clinique et environnementale [Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes (CHU Rennes), Hôpital privé de l'Estuaire [Le Havre], Pathogénie des Staphylocoques – Staphylococcal Pathogenesis, Hôpital d'Arras, CHU Le MAns, Polyclinique Majorelle, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Castres-Mazamet, Laboratoire de bactériologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Recherche Opérationnelle et Mathématiques de la Décision - LAROMAD (Alger, Algérie), Centre Hospitalier d’Arras, Unité de Méthodologie en Recherche Clinique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Pediatrics, Clone (cell biology), NRCS-A clone, 030501 epidemiology, Staphylococcus capitis, Medical microbiology, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Medicine, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Brief Report, Gestational age, General Medicine, Staphylococcal Infections, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Nationwide active surveillance, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Vancomycin, Female, France, 0305 other medical science, Infant, Premature, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, medicine.drug, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Bloodstream catheter-related infection, Birth weight, Preterm babies, 030106 microbiology, Late onset, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, Sepsis, Intensive care, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, business.industry, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Infant, Newborn, Neonates, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Catheter-Related Infections, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, business
Abstract: To increase the knowledge about S. capitis in the neonatal setting, we conducted a nationwide 3-month survey in 38 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) covering 56.6% of French NICU beds. We demonstrated 14.2% of S. capitis BSI (S.capBSI) among nosocomial BSIs. S.capBSI incidence rate was 0.59 per 1000 patient-days. A total of 55.0% of the S.capBSIs were late onset catheter-related BSIs. The S. capitis strains infected preterm babies (median gestational age 26 weeks, median birth weight 855 g). They were resistant to methicillin and aminoglycosides and belonged to the NRCS-A clone. Evolution was favorable in all but one case, following vancomycin treatment.
Published: 2020
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34. Comparative study of the insecticidal activity of a high green plant (Spinacia oleracea) and a chlorophytae algae (Ulva lactuca) extracts against Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly

Author: F. El Garah, Christine Roques, M. Rima, and A. Chbani
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Chlorophyll, Spinacia, Insecticides, Pharmaceutical Science, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, Acetone, Pigment, Ulva, Algae, Spinacia oleracea, Animals, Food science, Carotenoid, Pharmacology, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Ethanol, 010405 organic chemistry, Plant Extracts, fungi, Water, Pigments, Biological, Pesticide, biology.organism_classification, Carotenoids, 0104 chemical sciences, 010602 entomology, Drosophila melanogaster, chemistry, visual_art, Insect Repellents, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Solvents, Spinach, Ulva lactuca
Abstract: Summary Objectives Currently, the global interests tend to take advantage of the plant world as a renewable source of a natural and effective molecule, to find an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and less toxic alternative to the current synthetic pesticide. In this context, the present research was carried out in an attempt to study the insecticidal activity of extracts and pigments derived from the green plant Spinacia oleracea and the green alga Ulva lactuca against the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as an alternative to chemical insecticide. Methods The toxicity of the aqueous, acetonic and ethanolic extracts as well as of the purified pigments (Chlorophylls and carotenoids) was determined by complementary in vivo tests (application by spraying oranges, toxicity by ingestion and repellent activity). Interestingly, each one of these methods corresponds to a specific mode of exposure. Results Results showed that acetone extracts, which are rich in green pigments, present the best insecticidal activities. On the other hand, the purified chlorophyllian pigments exhibited an interesting activity only by spraying method. Regarding the repellent activity, the aqueous extract of spinach displayed higher effectiveness. Conclusion Our study suggests the potential of tested plant and algal extracts, as well as of chlorophyllian pigments, to provide a safer alternative way to the use of synthetic pesticides.
Published: 2020

35. Yield enhancement strategy of dithiolopyrrolone from Saccharothrix algeriensis by aliphatic alcohols supplementation

Author: Geneviève Baziard, Alaa Hamdar, Barbora Lajoie, Christine Roques, Fatima El Garah, Salomé El Hage, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Alcohols addition, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bioengineering, Saccharothrix algeriensis, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Scavenger, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Génie chimique, Food science, Génie des procédés, Overproduction, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Reactive oxygen species, Oxidase test, Ethanol, 030306 microbiology, Dithiolopyrrolones, chemistry, Yield (chemistry), NAD+ kinase
Abstract: Description of the relationship between protein structure and function remains a primary focus in molecular biology, biochemistry, protein engineering and bioelectronics. Moreover, the investigation of the protein conformational changes after adhesion and dehydration is of importance to tackle problems related to the interaction of proteins with solid surfaces. In this paper the conformational changes of wild-type Discosoma recombinant red fluorescent proteins (DsRed) adhered on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-based nanocomposites are explored via surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Originality in the present approach is to work on dehydrated DsRed thin protein layers in link with natural conditions during drying. To enable the SERS effect, plasmonic substrates consisting of a single layer of AgNPs encapsulated by an ultra-thin silica cover layer were elaborated by plasma process. The achieved enhancement of the electromagnetic field in the vicinity of the AgNPs is as high as 105. This very strong enhancement factor allowed detecting Raman signals from discontinuous layers of DsRed issued from solution with protein concentration of only 80 nM. Three different conformations of the DsRed proteins after adhesion and dehydration on the plasmonic substrates were identified. It was found that the DsRed chromophore structure of the adsorbed proteins undergoes optically assisted chemical transformations when interacting with the optical beam, which leads to reversible transitions between the three different conformations. The proposed time-evolution scenario endorses the dynamical character of the relationship between protein structure and function. It also confirms that the conformational changes of proteins with strong internal coherence, like DsRed proteins, are reversible.
Published: 2019
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36. Chlorhexidine Digluconate Formulations Used for Skin Antisepsis

Author: Sylvie Salvatico, Christine Roques, N. Bégeault, D. Pereira, and Catherine Feuillolay
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Chromatography, biology, medicine.drug_class, Chemistry, Contact time, 030106 microbiology, Chlorhexidine, Antiseptic solutions, Benzylic alcohol, 03 medical and health sciences, Benzalkonium chloride, Chlorhexidine digluconate, 0302 clinical medicine, Antiseptic, medicine, biology.protein, 030212 general & internal medicine, Bovine serum albumin, medicine.drug
Abstract: Aims: The representativeness of European standards phase 2, step 1 regarding bactericidal and yeasticidal activities was used for the comparison of two marketed antiseptic solutions, one containing chlorhexidine digluconate (0.5%) and the other combining chlorhexidine digluconate (0.25%), benzalkonium chloride (0.025%) and benzylic alcohol (4%). Methods: The bactericidal activity of the antiseptic solutions used pure or diluted was assessed according to the European standards NF EN 13727 and NF EN 13624 for the bactericidal and yeasticidal activity respectively. The contact time was 1 min at 20°C. Interfering substances used correspond to soiling conditions i.e. bovine serum albumin and sheep erythrocytes. A reduction of colony-forming units by ≥5 log10 was deemed to meet the requirements to conclude bactericidal activity and ≥4 log10 for yeasticidal activity. Results: Regarding all the mandatory strains, both solutions are bactericidal and yeasticidal even after a 40% dilution and even under “dirty” conditions. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the efficient bactericidal and yeasticidal activity of aqueous solutions containing chlorhexidine digluconate either alone at a concentration of 0.5% (w/v) or at a concentration of 0.25% (w/v) when combined with benzalkonium chloride at 0.025% (w/v) and benzylic alcohol 4%. These results have to be considered regarding the respective formulations and potent allergy risks.
Published: 2019
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37. Antimicrobial effect and on sore throat symptoms of a spray containing sage and elder extracts, peppermint essential oil, honey and zinc

Author: Laila Haddioui, Amandine Brochot, Christine Roques, I. Guinobert, B. Deyra, Catherine Feuillolay, Groupe PiLeJe, FONdation pour le DEveloppement de la REcherche PHARmaceutique - FONDEREPHAR (FRANCE), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Groupe PiLeJe (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), FONdation pour le DEveloppement de la REcherche PHARmaceutique- FONDEREPHAR (FRANCE), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique - LGC (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: Mal de gorge, media_common.quotation_subject, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Menthe poivrée, Sauge, 03 medical and health sciences, Peppermint, 0302 clinical medicine, Génie chimique, Génie des procédés, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, media_common, Pharmacology, Sore throat, Art, Sage, Elder, Sureau, Molecular biology, 3. Good health, Zinc, Complementary and alternative medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Antimicrobial, Antimicrobien
Abstract: International audience; Sore throat is one of the most common reasons for consultation in general medicine. Besides the usual allopathic drugs, phytotherapy can be envisaged for its management. To assess the relevance of a product combining extracts of sage and elder, peppermint essential oil, honey and zinc for the management of sore throat, its effect was evaluated in vitro against the main pathogens involved in sore throat (broth microdilution method) and in a prospective observational study carried out in pharmacies. Bactericidal activity was observed against all Gram-negative (Branhamella catarrhalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Haemophilus influenzae) and Gram-positive (Streptococcus pyogenes) bacteria strains; antiviral activity was also tested against type 3 para-influenzae virus. Product activity was maintained at 1:64 dilution ratio. Data collected during the observational study suggest that the product can relieve pain and other symptoms such as dry throat sensation and erythema within 17 minutes on average after spraying. While eliminating possible pathogens involved, the product could relieve pain and symptoms associated with sore throat. These results will have to be confirmed in a clinical trial.; Le mal de gorge est un des motifs de consultation en médecine générale les plus fréquents. Pour le soulager, outre les traitements allopathiques usuels, la prise de produits de phytothérapie peut être envisagée. L’intérêt d’un produit de phytothérapie associant des extraits de sauge et de sureau, de l’huile essentielle de menthe poivrée, du miel et du zinc dans la prise en charge du mal de gorge a été évalué in vitro en mesurant son activité sur les principaux pathogènes impliqués dans les angines (microméthode en milieu liquide) et au cours d’une enquête observationnelle prospective conduite en pharmacie d’officine. Une activité bactéricide a été observée à la fois sur les bactéries à Gram négatif (Branhamella catarrhalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum et Haemophilus influenzae) et à Gram positif (Streptococcus pyogenes) étudiées ainsi qu’une activité antivirale vis à-vis du virus para-influenzae de type 3. Cette activité a été maintenue après dilution du produit au 1/64. Les données recueillies au cours de l’étude observationnelle suggèrent que le produit de phytothérapie peut soulager le mal de gorge et les symptômes associés en particulier la sensation de gorge sèche et l’érythème dans un délai de 17 minutes en moyenne après pulvérisation du produit. Tout en éliminant les éventuels pathogènes impliqués, le produit de phytothérapie pourrait donc soulager la douleur et les symptômes associés au mal de gorge. Ces résultats devront être confirmés au cours d’une étude clinique.
Published: 2017
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38. Characterization of the microbiome associated with in situ earthen materials

Author: Christophe Roux, Alexandra Bertron, Alexis Simons, Jean-Emmanuel Aubert, Christine Roques, Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des constructions (LMDC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Microbiennes dans la Rhizosphère et les Racines, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-13-VBDU-0005,BIOTERRA,Bioterra : maitriser la prolifération microbienne dans des produits biosourcés pour des bâtiments sains et durables(2013), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Microbial diversity, Earthen building materials, lcsh:QR1-502, Earth materials, Biology, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, lcsh:Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Indoor air quality, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Species level, Flora (microbiology), Genetics, Génie chimique, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Microbiome, Génie des procédés, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 030304 developmental biology, lcsh:GE1-350, 0303 health sciences, High-throughput sequencing, 030306 microbiology, Ecology, 15. Life on land, Bacterial communities, Characterization (materials science), Fungal communities, Habitat, Built-environment microbiome, 13. Climate action, Bacterial 16S rRNA, Research Article
Abstract: Background The current increase in public awareness of environmental risks is giving rise to a growth of interest in the microbiological safety of buildings. In particular, microbial proliferation on construction materials can be responsible for the degradation of indoor air quality that can increase health-risk to occupants. Raw earth materials are still widely used throughout the world and, in some cases, are linked to heritage habitats, as in the southwest of France. Moreover, these building materials are currently the subject of renewed interest for ecological and economic reasons. However, the microbial status of earthen materials raises major concerns: could the microbiome associated with such natural materials cause disease in building occupants? Very few analyses have been performed on the microbial communities present on these supports. Characterizing the raw earth material microbiome is also important for a better evaluation and understanding of the susceptibility of such materials to microbial development. This study presents the distribution of in situ bacterial and fungal communities on different raw earth materials used in construction. Various buildings were sampled in France and the microbial communities present were characterized by amplicon high-throughput sequencing (bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS1 region). Bacterial culture isolates were identified at the species level by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Results The major fungal and bacterial genera identified were mainly associated with conventional outdoor and indoor environmental communities, and no specific harmful bacterial species were detected on earthen materials. However, contrary to expectations, few human-associated genera were detected in dwellings. We found lower microbial alpha-diversity in earthen material than is usually found in soil, suggesting a loss of diversity during the use of these materials in buildings. Interestingly enough, the main features influencing microbial communities were building history and room use, rather than material composition. Conclusions These results constitute a first in-depth analysis of microbial communities present on earthen materials in situ and may be considered as a first referential to investigate microbial communities on such materials according to environmental conditions and their potential health impact. The bacterial and fungal flora detected were similar to those found in conventional habitats and are thought to be mainly impacted by specific events in the building’s life, such as water damage.
Published: 2020
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39. Enhanced bactericidal activity of brucite through partial copper substitution

Author: Fabien Boucher, Téo Baptiste, Batiste Clavier, Alain Jouanneaux, Florian Massuyeau, Gwenaël Corbel, Christine Roques, Vincent Fernandez, Amandine Guiet, Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut Universitaire de Technologie du Mans (IUT Le Mans), Le Mans Université (UM), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Thermogravimetric analysis, Staphylococcus aureus, Magnesium Hydroxide, Nosocomial Infections, Kinetics, Biomedical Engineering, Antimicrobial agent, Infrared spectroscopy, chemistry.chemical_element, Metal Nanoparticles, 02 engineering and technology, Precipitation, engineering.material, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, Escherichia coli, General Materials Science, Dehydration, Brucite, General Chemistry, General Medicine, Mg(OH)2, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, medicine.disease, Copper, 0104 chemical sciences, Anti-Bacterial Agents, chemistry, Octahedron, engineering, Hydroxide, 0210 nano-technology, Layered Double Hydroxide, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: International audience; Brucite Mg(OH)2 belongs to a family of two-dimensional compounds with a CdI2-type structure built up from layers of edge-sharing octahedra delineating 2D galleries. In the current study, nanometer-sized platelets of copper substituted Mg(OH)2 were prepared by co-precipitation at room temperature in mixed alkaline (NaOH/Na2CO3) medium. Very weak substitution of a few hydroxyl ions by carbonate groups was highlighted at first by infrared spectroscopy and then quantified by thermogravimetric (TG) and mass spectrometric (MS) evolved gas analyses. The presence in a very low amount of water molecules in the galleries induces disorder in the stacking of layers of edge-sharing octahedra along the c-axis. The dehydration of the hydroxides taking place below 225 °C preserves the brucite-type structure of the samples while suppressing the stacking disorder. Copper substitution greatly enhances the bactericidal activity of nanometer-sized platelets of brucite against two bacteria frequently involved in healthcare-associated-infections. 10 mol% of cupric ions in Mg(OH)2 (a copper loading of 0.102 mg mL-1 in the suspension) were sufficient to induce, after 3 h in contact, 100% and 99.3% reductions in viability of Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus, respectively (reductions as low as 23% and 48% are reported for the parent compound Mg(OH)2 in the same conditions). A good compromise betweenfast bactericidal kinetics and a high reduction in viability is reached by the 15 mol% copper-substituted Mg(OH)2 hydroxide. Its use gives the opportunity to five-fold reduce the copper loading of the bactericidal agent while being at least equally or even more efficient compared to the conventional CuO (a Cu loading of 0.799 mg mL-1 and 0.154 mg mL-1 in the suspension of CuO and 15 mol% copper substituted Mg(OH)2 particles, respectively).
Published: 2019
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40. Economic Burden of Urinary Tract Infections From Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Among Hospitalized Adult Patients in Lebanon: A Prospective Cohort Study

Author: Rana Rizk, Inas Mostafa, Hala Sacre, Pierre Abi Hanna, Roula Matta, Rola Husni-Samaha, Souheil Hallit, Pascale Salameh, Laurent Molinier, Yasmina Yared, Katia Iskandar, Natalia Dirani, Rachel Abdo, Ahmad Dimassi, Etwal P. BouRaad, Christine Roques, Matta Matta, RS: CAPHRI - R2 - Creating Value-Based Health Care, and Health Services Research
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, IMPACT, Urinary system, Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous), medicine.disease_cause, Cohort Studies, Antibiotic resistance, Cost of Illness, Internal medicine, medicine, Escherichia coli, Humans, Prospective Studies, Lebanon, Prospective cohort study, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous), ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE, REDUCES LENGTH, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Health Policy, Public health, Incidence (epidemiology), BETA-LACTAMASE PRODUCTION, CARE, Anti-Bacterial Agents, ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE, DEFINITION, Urinary Tract Infections, economic burden-Lebanon, HEALTH, business, urinary tract infection, E.-COLI, COSTS, Cohort study
Abstract: Objectives The rising incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) attributable to Escherichia coli resistant isolates is becoming a serious public health concern. Although global rates of infection vary considerably by region, the growing prevalence of this uropathogen has been associated with a high economic burden and health strain. This study aims: (1) to estimate the differences in clinical and economic outcomes between 2 groups of adult hospitalized patients with UTIs from E. coli resistant and susceptible bacteria and (2) to investigate drivers of this cost from a payer’s perspective. Methods A prospective multicenter cohort study was conducted in 10 hospitals in Lebanon. The cost analysis followed a bottom-up microcosting approach; a linear regression was constructed to evaluate the predictors of hospitalization costs and a Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the impact of resistance on length of stay (LOS) and in-hospital mortality. Results Out of 467 inpatients, 250 cases were because of resistant E. coli isolates. Results showed that patients with resistant uropathogens had 29% higher mean total hospitalization costs ($3429 vs $2651; P = .004), and an extended median LOS (6 days vs 5 days; P = .020) compared with susceptible cohorts. The selection of resistant bacteria and the Charlson comorbidity index predicted higher total hospitalization costs and in-hospital mortality. Conclusion In an era of increased pressure for cost containment, this study showed the burden of treating UTIs resulting from resistant bacteria. The results can inform cost-effectiveness analyses that intend to evaluate the benefit of a national action plan aimed at decreasing the impact of antibiotic resistance.
Published: 2019

41. Practical considerations for infection prevention of near-patient surfaces: validation of an alternative polyvinyl chloride carrier in the 4-field test EN 16615:2015

Author: Christine Roques, Stefanie Gemein, Katrin Steinhauer, Jürgen Gebel, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Schülke & Mayr GmbH (GERMANY), Universitätsklinikum Bonn - UKB (GERMANY), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse - CHU Toulouse (FRANCE), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique - LGC (Toulouse, France), Universitätsklinikum Bonn (UKB), Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Validation study, Contact time, Surface Properties, Disinfectant, Colony Count, Microbial, 030501 epidemiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Infection control, Medicine, Humans, Génie chimique, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Process engineering, Polyvinyl Chloride, Génie des procédés, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 0303 health sciences, Infection Control, Bactériologie, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Disinfectant evaluation, General Medicine, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Test (assessment), Disinfection, Polyvinyl chloride, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Colony count, Equipment Contamination, Effective surface, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract: International audience; Many studies emphasize the need for effective surface disinfection of the patient environment [1,2,3,4]. Thus, standardized tests for disinfectant evaluation under simulated practical conditions are of utmost importance to evaluate effective measures to prevent transmission of infectious agents from contaminated surfaces. Within the framework of CEN/TC 216, the 4-field test EN 16615 provides a phase 2/step 2 test simulating practical conditions to test microbicidal efficacy of surface disinfectants applied by wiping, i.e. with mechanical action [ 5]. Employing EN 16615, practical conditions of application are simulated. This includes contact time, temperature, organic soiling, and application of the disinfectant/wipe as well as pre-drying of specified test organisms on a test surface as carrier.
Published: 2019
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42. Theoretical analysis of the electrochemical systems used for the application of direct current/voltage stimuli on cell cultures

Author: Simon Guette-Marquet, Alain Bergel, Christine Roques, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)
Subjects: Computer science, Cell Culture Techniques, Biophysics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, electrotaxis, law.invention, symbols.namesake, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Electricity, galvanotaxis, Cell Movement, law, Electric field, Potential gradient, Electrochemistry, Génie chimique, Animals, Humans, Tissue engineering, conductive polymer, Nernst equation, Electrotaxis, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Génie des procédés, Electrodes, Cells, Cultured, Stem cell, 010401 analytical chemistry, Direct current, General Medicine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Cathode, 0104 chemical sciences, Anode, stem cell, tissue engineering, Electrode, symbols, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, 0210 nano-technology, Biological system, Conductive polymer, Galvanotaxis, Voltage
Abstract: International audience; Endogenous electric fields drive many essential functions relating to cell proliferation, motion, differentiation and tissue development. They are usually mimicked in vitro by using electrochemical systems to apply direct current or voltage stimuli to cell cultures. The many studies devoted to this topic have given rise to a wide variety of experimental systems, whose results are often difficult to compare. Here, these systems are analysed from an electrochemical standpoint to help harmonize protocols and facilitate optimal understanding of the data produced. The theoretical analysis of single-electrode systems shows the necessity of measuring the Nernst potential of the electrode and of discussing the results on this basis rather than using the value of the potential gradient. The paper then emphasizes the great complexity that can arise when high cell voltage is applied to a single electrode, because of the possible occurrence of anode and cathode sites. An analysis of two-electrode systems leads to the advice to change experimental practices by applying current instead of voltage. It also suggests that the values of electric fields reported so far may have been considerably overestimated in macro-sized devices. It would consequently be wise to revisit this area by testing considerably lower electric field values.
Published: 2021
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43. Time before anti-Toxoplasma IgG seroconversion detection by 7 commercial assays in French pregnant women

Author: Xavier Iriart, Catherine Armengol, Judith Fillaux, Antoine Berry, Pamela Chauvin, Christine Roques-Malecaze, Sophie Cassaing, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: Adult, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Time Factors, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Antibodies, Protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii, Immunoblot, 03 medical and health sciences, Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Immunodiagnosis, Seroconversion, Automation, Laboratory, biology, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, business.industry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Immunoglobulin G, Immunology, Female, France, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, Automated tests, business, Toxoplasma, Toxoplasmosis
Abstract: International audience; We assessed the ability to early detect a toxoplasmic seroconversion between 1 immunoblot (LDBIO II®) and 6 automated assays (TGS TA®, Architect®, Vidas II®, Liaison II®, Platelia®, and Elecsys®), comparing the time before anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG detection during infection in pregnant women. From 2007 to 2015, 620 sera of 269 women were included. The median durations before positive IgG detection with Vidas II®, Liaison II®, Platelia®, and Elecsys® were significantly longer than Architect® with differential times from 11 to 28days (P
Published: 2017
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44. Physico-Chemical Characterization of the Interaction of Red Fluorescent Protein—DsRed With Thin Silica Layers

Author: Robert Carles, Caroline Bonafos, Marvine Soumbo, Adnen Mlayah, Christine Roques, Alessandro Pugliara, Bernard Despax, Kremena Makasheva, Marie-Carmen Monje, LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Matériaux et Procédés Plasmas (LAPLACE-MPP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: Photoluminescence emission, Analytical chemistry, Pharmaceutical Science, Medicine (miscellaneous), Red fluorescent proteins, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Green fluorescent protein, Contact angle, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Materials Testing, Chemical analysis, infrared spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, thin SiO2 layers, Luminescent Proteins, Recombinant proteins, [PHYS]Physics [physics], biology, pH, Thin SiO2 layers, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Silicon Dioxide, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Fluorescence, Computer Science Applications, Adsorption properties, Drops, 0210 nano-technology, Stability, Biotechnology, red fluorescent protein, Silicon dioxide, Biomedical Engineering, Photoprotein, Physico-chemical characterization, Bioengineering, Physico-chemical analysis, chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, Adsorption, Génie chimique, DsRed, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Génie des procédés, photoprotein, Discosoma, fungi, Water, Proteins, biology.organism_classification, 0104 chemical sciences, Fourier Transform Infrared, Biophysics, Structural stabilities, Drop formation, Cytology
Abstract: cited By 1; International audience; The Discosoma recombinant red fluorescent (DsRed) protein is the latest member of the family of fluorescent proteins. It holds great promise for applications in biotechnology and cell biology. However, before being used for rational engineering, knowledge on the behavior of DsRed and the underlying mechanisms relating its structural stability and adsorption properties on solid surfaces is highly demanded. The physico-chemical analysis performed in this study reveals that the interaction of DsRed with SiO2 surfaces does not lead to complete protein denaturation after adsorption and dehydration. Nevertheless, the photoluminescence emission of dehydrated DsRed small droplets was found to be slightly red-shifted, peaking at 590 nm. The measured contact angles of droplets containing different concentration of DsRed proteins determine the interaction as hydrophilic one, however with larger contact angles for larger DsRed concentrations. The DsRed protein behavior is not pH-dependent with respect of the contact angle measurements, in agreement with previously reported studies.
Published: 2016
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45. Detection of the conformational changes of Discosoma red fluorescent proteins adhered on silver nanoparticles-based nanocomposites via surface-enhanced Raman scattering

Author: Nicolas Large, Christine Roques, Thameur Dammak, Marie-Carmen Monje, Adriana Scarangella, Caroline Bonafos, Adnen Mlayah, Cécile Marcelot, Kremena Makasheva, Marvine Soumbo, LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Fédération de Recherche Fluides, Energie, Réacteurs, Matériaux et Transferts (FERMAT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, Sciences et Ingénierie des Plasmas Réactifs et des Arcs (LAPLACE-ScIPRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Nano-Optique et Nanomatériaux pour l'optique (CEMES-NeO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales - ONERA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Sfax (TUNISIA), University of Texas at San Antonio (USA), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011)
Subjects: Models, Molecular, Metal Nanoparticles, 02 engineering and technology, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, 01 natural sciences, Silver nanoparticle, Nanocomposites, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Protein structure, General Materials Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], biology, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Anthozoa, Fluorescence, Protein conformation, Mechanics of Materials, symbols, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Silver nanoparticles, 0210 nano-technology, Raman scattering, Materials science, Silver, Surface Properties, Bioengineering, 010402 general chemistry, Discosoma red-fluorescent protein DsRed, symbols.namesake, Animals, Génie chimique, Surface-enhanced Raman scattering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Desiccation, Génie des procédés, Plasmonic substrate, Discosoma, Mechanical Engineering, General Chemistry, Protein engineering, Chromophore, protein conformati, biology.organism_classification, 0104 chemical sciences, Luminescent Proteins, surface- enhanced Raman scattering, Biophysics, Raman spectroscopy, Plasma deposition process, Surfaceenhanced Raman scattering
Abstract: International audience; Description of the relationship between protein structure and function remains a primary focus in molecular biology, biochemistry, protein engineering and bioelectronics. Moreover, the investigation of the protein conformational changes after adhesion and dehydration is of importance to tackle problems related to the interaction of proteins with solid surfaces. In this paper the conformational changes of wild-type Discosoma recombinant red fluorescent proteins (DsRed) adhered on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-based nanocomposites are explored via surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Originality in the present approach is to work on dehydrated DsRed thin protein layers in link with natural conditions during drying. To enable the SERS effect, plasmonic substrates consisting of a single layer of AgNPs encapsulated by an ultra-thin silica cover layer were elaborated by plasma process. The achieved enhancement of the electromagnetic field in the vicinity of the AgNPs is as high as 105. This very strong enhancement factor allowed detecting Raman signals from discontinuous layers of DsRed issued from solution with protein concentration of only 80 nM. Three different conformations of the DsRed proteins after adhesion and dehydration on the plasmonic substrates were identified. It was found that the DsRed chromophore structure of the adsorbed proteins undergoes optically assisted chemical transformations when interacting with the optical beam, which leads to reversible transitions between the three different conformations. The proposed time-evolution scenario endorses the dynamical character of the relationship between protein structure and function. It also confirms that the conformational changes of proteins with strong internal coherence, like DsRed proteins, are reversible
Published: 2019
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46. Response to J-Y. Maillard: Are amine-only-containing products sporicidal?

Author: Christine Roques, Jürgen Gebel, Bernhard Meyer, Stefanie Gemein, Katrin Steinhauer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecolab Deutschland GmbH (GERMANY), Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan - EIP (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Schülke & Mayr GmbH (GERMANY), Universitätsklinikum Bonn - UKB (GERMANY), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse - CHU Toulouse (FRANCE), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique - LGC (Toulouse, France), Universitätsklinikum Bonn (UKB), Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Contact time, 030106 microbiology, 030501 epidemiology, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Medicine, Génie chimique, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Génie des procédés, Bactériologie, business.industry, General Medicine, Combinatorial chemistry, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Maillard reaction, Infectious Diseases, Healthcare settings, symbols, Amine gas treating, 0305 other medical science, business, Maillard
Abstract: International audience; J-Y. Maillard made a very important point in reflecting that, during efficacy testing of disinfectants, demonstration of neutralization of the biocidal effect at the end of contact time is crucial. We also agree that ‘It is thus puzzling and possibly concerning that products containing amines alone are being used as sporicides in healthcare settings
Published: 2018
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47. Characterisation of Cutibacterium acnes phylotypes in acne and in vivo exploratory evaluation of Myrtacine®

Author: Christine Roques, Amir Khammari, Brigitte Dréno, T. Nocera, C. Peraud, Sophie Pécastaings, Valérie Mengeaud, Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, FONdation pour le DEveloppement de la REcherche PHARmaceutique - FONDEREPHAR (FRANCE), Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène [CHU Toulouse] (Hôpital Purpan), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre de Recherche Clinique sur la Peau [Toulouse] (Clinical Skin Research Center), Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetique [Toulouse], Laboratoires Dermatologiques Ducray [Les Cauquillous, Lavaur], Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique [Les Cauquillous, Lavaur], Clinical and Translational Research in Skin Cancer (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 2), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), This study was supported by Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetique, DUCRAY Laboratoires Dermatologiques, Lavaur, France., Bernardo, Elizabeth, Service Bactériologie et hygiène [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre de Recherche sur la Peau [Toulouse], Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes - CHU Nantes (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM (FRANCE), Laboratoires Pierre Fabre (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Nantes (FRANCE), FONdation pour le DEveloppement de la REcherche PHARmaceutique- FONDEREPHAR (FRANCE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse - CHU Toulouse (FRANCE), Université Nantes Angers Le Mans - UNAM (FRANCE), Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique (Toulouse, France), Centre de recherche en cancérologie et immunologie Nantes-Angers - CRCINA (Nantes, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.drug_class, 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, Erythromycin, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Dermatology, Drug resistance, Severity of Illness Index, Phylotypes, Macrolide Antibiotics, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Hyperproliferation, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Severity of illness, Acne Vulgaris, medicine, Génie chimique, Humans, Propionibacterium acnes, Génie des procédés, Acne, business.industry, Plant Extracts, Case-control study, Clindamycin, medicine.disease, Bacterial Load, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Case-Control Studies, Biologie cellulaire, Female, Cutibacterium acnes, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Objective Our main objective was to compare Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) skin colonisation in patients with mild to moderate acne versus healthy controls and secondly, to evaluate a Myrtacine® -based cream on C. acnes total population and antibioresistant Cutibacteria in patients with acne.Methods In 60 acne patients (Global Acne Severity Scale, GEA grades 2–3), of mean age 20 [15–30] years and in 24 age-and sex-matched healthy controls, forehead strips samplings were performed for microbiological analysis of come-dones by colony forming unit (CFU) counts of global C. acnes and erythromycin (EryR) or clindamycin-resistant (ClnR) populations of Cutibacterium and determination of phylotypes by MALTI-TOF. Clinical evaluations of acne patients (GEA, lesion count, porphyrin fluorescence) were performed at baseline and after 56 days of twice-daily application of a Myrtacine® -based cream.Results We first showed (i) high and similar levels of C. acnes colonisation in superficial pilosebaceous follicles and detection of EryR and ClnR strains in both acne and control groups; (ii) different repartition of phylotypes in acne patients versus healthy control, with a predominance of phylotype IA in acne patients and a link between phylotype IA and erythromycin resistance. Besides, after treatment with the Myrtacine® -based cream in acne patients, there was no change in C. acnes total load, but a significant decrease of EryR Cutibacteria, reduced porphyrin production by C. acnes, a decrease in acne severity (GEA), associated with reduced retentional and inflammatory lesions.Conclusion Cutibacterium acnes colonisation was not significantly different in acne versus control groups. Phylotype IA was predominant in acne patient and in EryR C. acnes. A Myrtacine® -based cream significantly reduced the level of EryR Cutibacteria in vivo and improved acne lesions.
Published: 2018
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48. Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) and acne vulgaris: a brief look at the latest updates

Author: Amir Khammari, Sophie Pécastaings, Brigitte Dréno, Christine Roques, S. Corvec, Stefano Veraldi, Clinical and Translational Research in Skin Cancer (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 2), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Nantes (CIC Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène [CHU Toulouse] (Hôpital Purpan), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Département de Bactériologie et d'Hygiène [CHU Nantes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation [Milan, Italy] (I.R.C.C.S. Foundation), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI)-Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Bernardo, Elizabeth, Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Service Bactériologie et hygiène [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI)-Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes - CHU Nantes (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM (FRANCE), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico - IRCCS (ITALY), Ospedale Maggiore de Milan (ITALY), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Università degli Studi di Milano (ITALY), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse - CHU Toulouse (FRANCE), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique - LGC (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbial diversity, Virulence, Médecine humaine et pathologie, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Dermatology, Drug resistance, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Propionibacterium acnes, 0302 clinical medicine, Antibiotic resistance, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Acne Vulgaris, Medicine, Humans, Génie chimique, Génie des procédés, Acne, Dermatologie, Cutibacterium acnes, Innate immune system, biology, business.industry, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, business
Abstract: International audience; While the commensal bacterium Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is involved in the maintenance of a healthy skin, it can also act as an opportunistic pathogen in acne vulgaris. The latest findings on P. acnes shed light on the critical role of a tight equilibrium between members of its phylotypes and within the skin microbiota in the development of this skin disease. Indeed, contrary to what was previously thought, proliferation of P. acnes is not the trigger of acne as patients with acne do not harbour more P. acnes in follicles than normal individuals. Instead, the loss of the skin microbial diversity together with the activation of the innate immunity might lead to this chronic inflammatory condition. This review provides results of the most recent biochemical and genomic investigations that led to the new taxonomic classification of P. acnes renamed Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), and to the better characterisation of its phylogenetic cluster groups. Moreover, the latest data on the role of C. acnes and its different phylotypes in acne are presented, providing an overview of the factors that could participate in the virulence and in the antimicrobial resistance of acne-associated strains. Overall, this emerging key information offers new perspectives in the treatment of acne, with future innovative strategies focusing on C. acnes biofilms and/or on its acne-associated phylotypes.
Published: 2018
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49. Impairment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Resistance to Antibiotics by Combining the Drugs with a New Quorum-Sensing Inhibitor

Author: Geneviève BaziardG. Baziard, Salome El Hage, Aurelie Furiga, Christine Roques, Barbora LajoieB. Lajoie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cystic Fibrosis, medicine.drug_class, Biofilm Resistance, 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, Virulence, medicine.disease_cause, Bacterial Adhesion, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Ciprofloxacin, Tobramycin, medicine, Humans, Génie chimique, Pseudomonas Infections, Pharmacology (medical), Génie des procédés, Lung, Respiratory Tract Infections, Pharmacology, Microscopy, Confocal, biology, Colistin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Biofilm, Quorum Sensing, Drug Synergism, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Amides, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Quorum sensing, Pyrimidines, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Susceptibility, Biofilms, Drug Therapy, Combination, Bacteria, medicine.drug
Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa plays an important role in chronic lung infections among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) through its ability to form antibiotic-resistant biofilms. In P. aeruginosa , biofilm development and the production of several virulence factors are mainly regulated by the rhl and las quorum-sensing (QS) systems, which are controlled by two N -acyl-homoserine lactone signal molecules. In a previous study, we discovered an original QS inhibitor, N -(2-pyrimidyl)butanamide, called C11, based on the structure of C 4 -homoserine lactone, and found that it is able to significantly inhibit P. aeruginosa biofilm formation. However, recent data indicate that P. aeruginosa grows under anaerobic conditions and forms biofilms in the lungs of CF patients that are denser and more robust than those formed under aerobic conditions. Our confocal microscopy observations of P. aeruginosa biofilms developed under aerobic and anaerobic conditions confirmed that the biofilms formed under these two conditions have radically different architectures. C11 showed significant dose-dependent antibiofilm activity on biofilms grown under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, with a greater inhibitory effect being seen under conditions of anaerobiosis. Gene expression analyses performed by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR showed that C11 led to the significant downregulation of rhl QS regulatory genes but also to the downregulation of both las QS regulatory genes and QS system-regulated virulence genes, rhlA and lasB . Furthermore, the activity of C11 in combination with antibiotics against P. aeruginosa biofilms was tested, and synergistic antibiofilm activity between C11 and ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, and colistin was obtained under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. This study demonstrates that C11 may increase the efficacy of treatments for P. aeruginosa infections by increasing the susceptibility of biofilms to antibiotics and by attenuating the pathogenicity of the bacterium.
Published: 2016
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50. Bacterial colonization status of cystic fibrosis children's toothbrushes: A pilot study

Author: A. Genevois, Emmanuel Mas, M. Mittaine, Christine Roques, F. Brémont, Laurent Cavalié, Laurent Maubisson, Chrsitine Segonds, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse - CHU Toulouse (FRANCE), Institut Fédératif de Biologie - IFB (FRANCE), Université de Tours (FRANCE), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique - LGC (Toulouse, France), Toulouse School of Management Research - TSMR (Toulouse, France), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Fédératif de Biologie de Purpan, Université Francois Rabelais [Tours], Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Tours, Val de Loire Recherche en Management (VALLOREM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours, and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: Male, Staphylococcus aureus, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Cystic Fibrosis, Population, Dentistry, Pilot Projects, medicine.disease_cause, Cystic fibrosis, Dental Devices, Home Care, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Génie chimique, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Colonization, Child, Génie des procédés, education, Lung, education.field_of_study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, business.industry, Toothbrushes, Sputum, 030206 dentistry, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030228 respiratory system, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Equipment Contamination, Female, Toothbrush, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: International audience; Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus toothbrush contamination in cystic fibrosis (CF) is unknown. This pilot study aimed to determine their prevalence and the potential involvement of toothbrushes in pulmonary infection. Methods. Toothbrush bacteriological analysis for children aged 8–18 years was conducted on 27 CF patients, 15 healthy siblings, and 15 healthy children from the general population. Results : S. aureus was detected on 22% of the patients’ toothbrushes, and 13% of healthy children's toothbrushes and P. aeruginosa on 15% of patients’ toothbrushes and 0–13% of healthy children's toothbrushes. There was no statistical correlation between pulmonary colonization and toothbrush contamination. P. aeruginosa genotyping showed two identical clones on the patients’ toothbrushes and in their sputum, and between one patient's sputum and his sibling's toothbrush. Conclusion : S. aureus and P. aeruginosa can colonize CF patients’ toothbrushes. The impact on pulmonary colonization remains unknown. Toothbrush decontamination methods need to consider these bacteria in CF patients.
Published: 2015
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