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Two new Larinus Dejean (Curculionidae: Lixinae) species are described, based on specimens in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London. Larinus mumbaicus sp. nov. and Larinus nilgiricus sp. nov. from India, are assigned to the subgenus Phyllonomeus Gistel, 1856. Figures for each species are presented, illustrating morphological characters and differential diagnosis characters. Lectotypes are designated for Larinus saussureae Marshall, 1924 and Larinus assamensis Marshall, 1924. A key to the Indian Larinus is presented. Key words: Larinus, Lixini, Curculionidae, taxonomy, new species, Oriental region

The early detection of and rapid response to invasive species (EDRR) depends on accurate and rapid identification of non-native species. The 2016–2018 National Invasive Species Council Management Plan called for an assessment of US government (federal) capacity to report on the identity of non-native organisms intercepted through early detection programs. This paper serves as the response to that action item. Here we summarize survey-based findings and make recommendations for improving the federal government’s capacity to identify non-native species authoritatively in a timely manner. We conclude with recommendations to improve accurate identification within the context of EDRR by increasing coordination, maintaining taxonomic expertise, creating an identification tools clearinghouse, developing and using taxonomic standards for naming and identification protocols, expanding the content of DNA and DNA Barcode libraries, ensuring long-term sustainability of biological collections, and engaging and empowering citizens and citizen science groups.

Working with genetic resources and associated data requires greater attention since the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) came into force in October 2014. Biologists must ensure that they have legal clarity in how they can and cannot use the genetic resources on which they carry out research. Not only must they work within the spirit in the Convention on Biological Diversity (https://www.cbd.int/convention/articles/default.shtml?a=cbd-02) but also they may have regulatory requirements to meet. Although the Nagoya Protocol was negotiated and agreed globally, it is the responsibility of each country that ratifies it to introduce their individual implementing procedures and practices. Many countries in Europe, such as the UK, have chosen not to put access controls in place at this time, but others already have laws enacted providing ABS measures under the Convention on Biological Diversity or specifically to implement the Nagoya Protocol. Access legislation is in place in many countries and information on this can be found at the ABS Clearing House (https://absch.cbd.int/). For example, Brazil, although not a Party to the Nagoya Protocol at the time of writing, has Law 13.123 which entered into force on 17 November 2015, regulated by Decree 8.772 which was published on 11 May 2016. In this case, export of Brazilian genetic resources is not allowed unless the collector is registered in the National System for Genetic Heritage and Associated Traditional Knowledge Management (SisGen). The process entails that a foreign scientist must first of all be registered working with someone in Brazil and have authorization to collect. The enactment of European Union Regulation po. 511/2014 implements Nagoya Protocol elements that govern compliance measures for users and offers the opportunity to demonstrate due diligence in sourcing their organisms by selecting from holdings of 'registered collections'. The UK has introduced a Statutory Instrument that puts in place enforcement measures within the UK to implement this European Union Regulation; this is regulated by Regulatory Delivery, Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategies. Scientific communities, including the private sector, individual institutions and organizations, have begun to design policy and best practices for compliance. Microbiologists and culture collections alike need to be aware of the legislation of the source country of the materials they use and put in place best practices for compliance; such best practice has been drafted by the Microbial Resource Research Infrastructure, and other research communities such as the Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities, the Global Genome Biodiversity Network and the International Organisation for Biological Control have published best practice and/or codes of conduct to ensure legitimate exchange and use of genetic resources.

Based on specimens in the Natural History Museum (London), a new species of the genus Larinus Dejan, 1821 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Lixinae), Larinus barclayi sp. nov., is described from China. The new species is assigned to the subgenus Phyllonomeus Gistel, 1856, compared with closely related species, and colour digital photographs of morphological characters are presented.

This tribute commemorates the life and work of Guillermo (Willy) Kuschel, who made substantial contributions to the understanding of weevil systematics, evolution and biology. Willy was born in Chile in 1918 and studied philosophy, theology and biology. He became fascinated by weevils early on and completed his Ph.D. degree on South American Erirhinini. Subsequent employment by the University of Chile provided him with many opportunities to further his weevil research and undertake numerous collecting expeditions, including to remote and rugged locations such as the Juan Fernandez Islands and southern Chile. In 1963 he accepted a position at the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research in New Zealand, where he became Head of the Systematics Group in the Entomology Division. His emphasis on field work and collections led to the establishment of the New Zealand Arthropod Collection, which he guided through its greatest period of expansion. His retirement in 1983 offered him increased opportunities to pursue his weevil research. In 1988 he presented a new scheme of the higher classification of weevils, which ignited and inspired much subsequent research into weevil systematics. The breadth and quality of his research and his huge collecting efforts have left a legacy that will benefit future entomologists, especially weevil workers, for decades to come. This tribute presents a biography of Willy and accounts of his contributions to, and impact on, the systematics of weevils both regionally and globally. All of his publications and the genera and species named after him are listed in two appendices.

© 2018 by the authors., Establishing well-supported monophyletic groups is a key requirement for producing a natural classification that reflects evolutionary descent. In a phylogenetic framework this is best achieved through dense taxon sampling and the analysis of a robust character dataset, combined with statistical testing of topological hypotheses. This study assesses the monophyly of tribes and subfamilies within the diverse ‘broad-nosed weevils’ (Curculionidae: Entiminae, Cyclominae and Hyperinae) through analysis of single-locus sequence data for mitochondrial cox1 and rrnL genes, in combination with a ‘backbone’ of complete and near-complete mitochondrial genome sequences. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses incorporating topological constraints for various higher-taxa were statistically tested using the AU, SH, and KH tests, which indicated that three tribes within Entiminae, as presently classified, are not monophyletic. Moderate and high bootstrap support was also consistent with two entimine tribes (Peritelini and Cylydrorhinini) being each recovered as monophyletic in an unconstrained analysis. Furthermore, one genus of cyclomine weevils (Aphela) is recovered outside the clade of ‘broad-nosed weevils’, although its taxonomic placement remains uncertain. It is apparent that the present approach may be hampered by limited taxon sampling in the ‘backbone’ dataset, rendering it difficult for divergent taxa to robustly match to their closest lineages. However, with improved taxon sampling of the mitogenome tree, the general approach can be a useful taxonomic tool for weevils., The authors are indebted to Karen Siu-Ting (NUI Maynooth) for her assistance with some analyses. This work was supported by a Natural Environment Research Council CASE PhD studentship (NE/G01194X/1) to C.P.D.T.G., the University of East Anglia, and The Natural History Museum., Peerreviewed

The genus Larinodontes Faust, 1898 stat. rev. is revised and a diagnostic redescription given. The holotype of Larinodontes indicus Faust, 1898 is examined. A new species Larinodontes thompsoni sp. nov. is described from India; both species are described, keyed and illustrated. Larinodontes indicus is a new record for Laos and Vietnam.

Summary 1 Quantitative host–parasitoid food webs are descriptions of community structure that include data on the abundance of hosts and parasitoids, and the frequency of links between them, all expressed in the same units. 2 Quantitative host–parasitoid food webs were constructed describing the community of leaf-mining insects (Diptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera) and their parasitoids (Hymenoptera) in an 8500-m 2 area of moist tropical forest in Belize, Central America, over a 1-year period. 3 The summary food web, containing data for the whole year, is we believe the most diverse quantitative host–parasitoid web yet described. It contains 93 species of leaf-miner, 84 species of parasitoid and 196 links between hosts and parasitoids. 4 Most parasitoids were generalists, with individual parasitoid species recorded as parasitizing up to 21 host species. In contrast, most leaf-miners were specialists, with 114 links documented between leaf-miners and their host plants. 5 A robustness analysis was used to reveal the effects of different sampling intensities on food web statistics. The results suggest that the sampling had revealed most of the species of host and parasitoid in the community, but further interactions among species would continue to be detected with additional sampling. Measures of the ratio of hosts to parasitoids and of realized connectance were relatively insensitive to sampling intensity. 6 Three seasonal webs were constructed, revealing temporal changes in the structure of the community. There was greater turnover in host species composition than parasitoid species composition among seasons, but most web statistics remained relatively constant across seasons. 7 Both the summary web and the seasonal webs show low levels of compartmentalization, suggesting that the host–parasitoid community is not divided into relatively discrete subwebs with largely independent dynamics. 8 The extent of potential indirect interactions between pairs of hosts was assessed by constructing quantitative parasitoid overlap graphs. These suggest that abundant species are likely to have greater indirect effects on less abundant species than vice versa , and that species in the same taxonomic order are more likely to interact indirectly. The graphs do not support the hypothesis that species sharing the same host plant are more likely to interact via shared parasitoids.

By digitising legacy taxonomic literature using XML mark-up the contents become accessible to other taxonomic and nomenclatural information systems. Appropriate schemas need to be interoperable with other sectorial schemas, atomise to appropriate content elements and carry appropriate metadata to, for example, enable algorithmic assessment of availability of a name under the Code. Legacy (and new) literature delivered in this fashion will become part of a global taxonomic resource from which users can extract tailored content to meet their particular needs, be they nomenclatural, taxonomic, faunistic or other. To date, most digitisation of taxonomic literature has led to a more or less simple digital copy of a paper original – the output of the many efforts has effectively been an electronic copy of a traditional library. While this has increased accessibility of publications through internet access, the means by which many scientific papers are indexed and located is much the same as with traditional libraries. OCR and born-digital papers allow use of web search engines to locate instances of taxon names and other terms, but OCR efficiency in recognising taxonomic names is still relatively poor, people’s ability to use search engines effectively is mixed, and many papers cannot be searched directly. Instead of building digital analogues of traditional publications, we should consider what properties we require of future taxonomic information access. Ideally the content of each new digital publication should be accessible in the context of all previous published data, and the user able to retrieve nomenclatural, taxonomic and other data / information in the form required without having to scan all of the original papers and extract target content manually. This opens the door to dynamic linking of new content with extant systems: automatic population and updating of taxonomic catalogues, ZooBank and faunal lists, all descriptions of a taxon and its children instantly accessible with a single search, comparison of classifications used in different publications, and so on. A means to do this is through marking up content into XML, and the more atomised the mark-up the greater the possibilities for data retrieval and integration. Mark-up requires XML that accommodates the required content elements and is interoperable with other XML schemas, and there are now several written to do this, particularly TaxPub, taxonX and taXMLit, the last of these being the most atomised. We now need to automate this process as far as possible. Manual and automatic data and information retrieval is demonstrated by projects such as INOTAXA and Plazi. As we move to creating and using taxonomic products through the power of the internet, we need to ensure the output, while satisfying in its production the requirements of the Code, is fit for purpose in the future.

Much of the forest remaining in South East Asia has been selectively logged. The processes promoting species coexistence may be the key to the recovery and maintenance of diversity in these forests. One such process is the Janzen–Connell mechanism, where specialized natural enemies such as seed predators maintain diversity by inhibiting regeneration near conspecifics. In Neotropical forests, anthropogenic disturbance can disrupt the Janzen–Connell mechanism, but similar data are unavailable for South East Asia. We investigated the effects of conspecific density (two spatial scales) and distance from fruiting trees on seed and seedling survival of the canopy tree Parashorea malaanonan in unlogged and logged forests in Sabah, Malaysia. The production of mature seeds was higher in unlogged forest, perhaps because high adult densities facilitate pollination or satiate pre-dispersal predators. In both forest types, post-dispersal survival was reduced by small-scale (1 m 2 ) conspecific density, but not by proximity to the nearest fruiting tree. Large-scale conspecific density (seeds per fruiting tree) reduced predation, probably by satiating predators. Higher seed production in unlogged forest, in combination with slightly higher survival, meant that recruitment was almost entirely limited to unlogged forest. Thus, while logging might not affect the Janzen–Connell mechanism at this site, it may influence the recruitment of particular species.

The purpose of this application, under Articles 65.2 and 78.1 of the Code, is to conserve the current usage of the weevil generic name Plinthus Germar, 1817 and the family-group name plinthini Lacordaire, 1863. These are threatened due to a misidentification and emended spelling of Curculio meyerlaei Fabricius, 1801 (entiminae) by Panzer (1803) and subsequent emendation of the spelling of the Fabrician species as Curculio megerlei. It is proposed that Curculio megerlei Panzer, 1803 be ruled to be an available name and designated as the type species of Plinthus Germar, 1817.

The 2016 International Weevil Meeting was held immediately after the International Congress of Entomology (ICE). It built on the topics and content of the 2016 ICE weevil symposium Phylogeny and Evolution of Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea): A Symposium in Honor of Dr. Guillermo "Willy” Kuschel. Beyond catalyzing research and collaboration, the meeting was intended to serve as a forum for identifying priorities and goals for those who study weevils. The meeting consisted of 46 invited and contributed lectures, discussion sessions and introductory remarks presented by 23 speakers along with eight contributed research posters. These were organized into three convened sessions, each lasting one day: (1) weevil morphology; (2) weevil fossils, biogeography and host/habitat associations; and (3) molecular phylogenetics and classification of weevils. Some of the topics covered included the 1K Weevils Project, major morphological character systems of adult and larval weevils, weevil morphological terminology, prospects for future morphological character discovery, phylogenetic analysis of morphological character data, the current status of weevil molecular phylogenetics and evolution, resources available for phylogenetic and comparative genomic studies of weevils, the weevil fossil record, weevil biogeography and evolution, weevil host plants, evolutionary development of the weevil rostrum, resources available for weevil identification and the current status of and challenges in weevil classification., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

A list of available taxonomic names in Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae in familyand genus-groups is given, together with some remarks on unavailable nominal taxa. Comments are provided on their status and nomenclature, and additions and corrections to extant catalogues given, as a first step for their inclusion in the electronic catalogue ‘WTaxa’. Available names, not recognised as such in current published catalogues, are: Mecopelminae Thompson, 1992; Trypodendrina Nunberg, 1954; Archaeoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Camptocerus Dejean, 1821; Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Coptogaster Illiger, 1804; Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Cryptoxyleborus Wood & Bright, 1992; Cylindra Illiger, 1802; Dendrochilus Schedl, 1963; Dendrocranulus Schedl, 1938; Doliopygus Browne, 1962; Doliopygus Schedl, 1972; Erioschidias Wood, 1960; Ernopocerus Wood, 1954; Idophelus Rye, 1877; Lepicerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Lepidocerus Rye, 1880; Miocryphalus Schedl, 1963; Ozopemon Hagedorn, 1910; Phloeoditica Schedl, 1963; Pinetoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Pygmaeoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Spinuloscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Stephanopodius Schedl, 1963; Stylotentus Schedl, 1963; Thamnophthorus Blackman, 1942; Trachyostus Browne, 1962; Treptoplatypus Schedl, 1972; Triarmocerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Trypodendrum Agassiz, 1846; Tubuloscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Xelyborus Schedl, 1939. Unavailable names, not recognised as such in the current published catalogues, are: Chaetophloeini Schedl, 1966; Eidophelinae Murayama, 1954; Mecopelmini Wood, 1966; Strombophorini Schedl, 1960; Tomicidae Shuckard, 1840; Trypodendrinae Trédl, 1907; Acryphalus Tsai & Li, 1963; Adryocoetes Schedl, 1952; Asetus Nunberg, 1958; Carphoborites Schedl, 1947; Charphoborites Schedl, 1947; Cryptoxyleborus Schedl, 1937; Cylindrotomicus Eggers, 1936; Damicerus Dejean, 1835; Damicerus Dejean, 1836; Dendrochilus Schedl, 1957; Dendrocranulus Schedl, 1937; Doliopygus Schedl, 1939; Erioschidias Schedl, 1938; Ernopocerus Balachowsky, 1949; Gnathotrichoides Blackman, 1931; Ipites Karpiński, 1962; Isophthorus Schedl, 1938; Jugocryphalus Tsai & Li, 1963; Landolphianus Schedl, 1950; Mesopygus Nunberg, 1966; Micraciops Schedl, 1953; Miocryphalus Schedl, 1939; Mixopygus Nunberg, 1966; Neohyorrhynchus Schedl, 1962; Neophloeotribus Eggers, 1943; Neopityophthorus Schedl, 1938; Neoxyleborus Wood, 1982; Phloeoditica Schedl, 1962; Platypinus Schedl, 1939; Platyscapulus Schedl, 1957; Platyscapus Schedl, 1939; Pygodolius Nunberg, 1966; Scutopygus Nunberg, 1966; Stephanopodius Schedl, 1941; Stylotentus Schedl, 1939; Taphrostenoxis Schedl, 1965; Tesseroplatypus Schedl, 1935; Thamnophthorus Schedl, 1938; Thylurcos Schedl, 1939; Trachyostus Schedl, 1939; Treptoplatus Schedl, 1939. The name Tesseroceri Blandford, 1896, incorrectly given as “Tesserocerini genuini” in current catalogues, is unavailable as basionym for the family-group name, since it was proposed as a genusgroup name. Resurrected names from synonymy are: Hexacolini Eichhoff, 1878 from synonymy under Ctenophorini Chapuis, 1869 (invalid name because its type genus is a homonym) and given precedence over Problechilidae Eichhoff, 1878 under Art. 24.2; Hylurgini Gistel, 1848 from virtual synonymy under Tomicini C.G. Thomson, 1859 (unavailable name); Afromicracis Schedl, 1959 from synonymy under Miocryphalus Schedl, 1939 (an unavailable name) to valid genus; Costaroplatus Nunberg, 1963 from synonymy under Platyscapulus Schedl, 1957 (an unavailable name) to valid genus; Cumatotomicus Ferrari, 1867 from synonymy under Ips DeGeer, 1775 to valid subgenus of the same; Hapalogenius Hagedorn, 1912 from synonymy under Rhopalopselion Hagedorn, 1909 to valid genus; Pseudips Cognato, 2000, from synonymy under Orthotomicus Ferrari, 1867 to valid genus. New synonyms are: Hexacolini Eichhoff, 1878 (= Erineophilides Hopkins, 1920, syn. nov.); Hypoborini Nuesslin, 1911 (= Chaetophloeini Schedl, 1966, unavailable name, syn. nov.); Scolytini Latreille, 1804 (= Minulini Reitter, 1913, syn. nov.); Afromicracis Schedl, 1959 (= Miocryphalus Schedl, 1963, syn. nov.); Aphanarthrum Wollaston, 1854 (= Coleobothrus Enderlein, 1929, syn. nov.); Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Cumatotomicus Ferrari, 1867 (=Emarips Cognato, 2001, syn. nov.); Doliopygus Browne, 1962 (=Doliopygus Schedl, 1972, syn. nov.); Eidophelus Eichhoff, 1875 (= Idophelus Rye, 1877, syn. nov.); Hapalogenius Hagedorn, 1912 (= Hylesinopsis Eggers, 1920, syn. nov.); Phloeoborus Erichson, 1836 (= Phloeotrypes Agassiz, 1846, syn. nov.); Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (December) = Lepicerus Eichhoff, 1878 (December) = Lepidocerus Rye, 1880, synn. nov.); Trypodendron Stephens, 1830 (=Xylotrophus Gistel, 1848 = Trypodendrum Gistel, 1856, synn. nov.); Xylechinus Chapuis, 1869 (= Chilodendron Schedl, 1953, syn. nov.); Cosmoderes monilicollis Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Cosmoderes monilicollis Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Hylastes pumilus Mannerheim, 1843 (= Dolurgus pumilus Eichhoff, 1868, syn. nov.); Hypoborus hispidus Ferrari, 1867 (= Pycnarthrum gracile Eichhoff, 1878 (April) syn. nov.); Miocryphalus agnatus Schedl, 1939 (= Miocryphalus agnatus Schedl, 1942, syn. nov.); Miocryphalus congonus Schedl, 1939 (= Miocryphalus congonus Eggers, 1940, syn. nov.); Lepicerus aspericollis Eichhoff, 1878 (April) = Lepicerus aspericollis Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Spathicranuloides moikui Schedl, 1972 (June) (= Spathicranuloides moikui Schedl, 1972 (December), syn. nov.); Triarmocerus cryphalo-ides Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Triarmocerus cryphaloides Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Scolytogenes darvini Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Scolytogenes darwinii Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.). New type species designations are: Bostrichus dactyliperda Fabricius, 1801 for Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Triarmocerus cryphaloides Eichhoff, 1878 (April) for Triarmocerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Ozopemon regius Hagedorn, 1908 for Ozopemon Hagedorn, 1910 (non 1908); Dermestes typographus Linnaeus, 1758 for Bostrichus Fabricius, 1775 (non Geoffroy, 1762). New combinations are: Afromicracis agnata (Schedl, 1939), A. attenuata (Eggers, 1935), A. ciliatipennis (Schedl, 1979), A. congona (Schedl, 1939), A. dubia (Schedl, 1950), A. elongata (Schedl, 1965), A. grobleri (Schedl, 1961), A. klainedoxae (Schedl, 1957), A. longa (Nunberg, 1964), A. natalensis (Eggers, 1936), A. nigrina (Schedl, 1957), A. nitida (Schedl, 1965), A. pennata (Schedl, 1953) and A. punctipennis (Schedl, 1965) all from Miocryphalus; Costaroplatus abditulus (Wood, 1966), C. abditus (Schedl, 1936), C. carinulatus (Chapuis, 1865), C. clunalis (Wood, 1966), C. cluniculus (Wood, 1966), C. clunis (Wood, 1966), C. costellatus (Schedl, 1933), C. frontalis (Blandford, 1896), C. imitatrix (Schedl, 1972), C. manus (Schedl, 1936), C. occipitis (Wood, 1966), C. pulchellus (Chapuis, 1865), C. pulcher (Chapuis, 1865), C. pusillimus (Chapuis, 1865), C. subabditus (Schedl, 1935), C. turgifrons (Schedl, 1935) and C. umbrosus (Schedl, 1936) all from Platyscapulus; Hapalogenius africanus (Eggers, 1933), H. alluaudi (Lepesme, 1942), H. angolanus (Wood, 1988), H. angolensis (Schedl, 1959), H. arabiae (Schedl, 1975), H. atakorae (Schedl, 1951), H. ater (Nunberg, 1967), H. baphiae (Schedl, 1954), H. brincki (Schedl, 1957), H. confusus (Eggers, 1935), H. decellei (Nunberg, 1969), H. dimorphus (Schedl, 1937), H. dubius (Eggers, 1920), H. emarginatus (Nunberg, 1973), H. endroedyi (Schedl, 1967), H. fasciatus (Hagedorn, 1909), H. ficus (Schedl, 1954), H. fuscipennis (Chapuis, 1869), H. granulatus (Lepesme, 1942), H. hirsutus (Schedl, 1957), H. hispidus (Eggers, 1924), H. horridus (Eggers, 1924), H. joveri (Schedl, 1950), H. kenyae (Wood, 1986), H. oblongus (Eggers, 1935), H. orientalis (Eggers, 1943), H. pauliani (Lepesme, 1942), H. punctatus (Eggers, 1932), H. quadrituberculatus (Schedl, 1957), H. rhodesianus (Eggers, 1933), H. saudiarabiae (Schedl, 1971), H. seriatus (Eggers, 1940), H. squamosus (Eggers, 1936), H. striatus (Schedl, 1957), H. sulcatus Eggers, 1944), H. togonus (Eggers, 1919), H. ugandae (Wood, 1986) and H. variegatus (Eggers, 1936), all from Hylesinopsis. New ranks are: Diapodina Strohmeyer, 1914, downgraded from tribe of Tesserocerinae to subtribe of Tesserocerini; Tesserocerina Strohmeyer, 1914, downgraded from tribe of Tesserocerinae to subtribe of Tesserocerini. New placements are: Coptonotini Chapuis, 1869 from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Scolytinae; Mecopelmini Thompson, 1992, from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Platypodinae; Schedlariini Wood & Bright, 1992, from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Platypodinae; Spathicranuloides Schedl, 1972, from Platypodinae s.l. to Tesserocerina; Toxophthorus Wood, 1962 from Scolytinae incertae sedis to Dryocoetini. Confirmed placements are: Onychiini Chapuis, 1869 to tribe of Cossoninae (including single genus Onychius Chapuis, 1869); Sciatrophus Sampson, 1914 in Cossoninae incertae sedis; Cryphalites Cockerell, 1917 in Zopheridae Colydiinae. Corrected spellings are: Micracidini LeConte, 1876 for Micracini; Phrixosomatini Wood, 1978 for Phrixosomini. Gender agreements are corrected for species of several genera.

Apomorphies that have been proposed for the Psocodea, Psocoptera, Phthiraptera and superfamilial groups within the Phthiraptera are enumerated and evaluated. The Psocodea and Phthiraptera are considered to be holophyletic, but the sister-group of the Phthiraptera lies within the Psocoptera. Within the Phthiraptera the Anoplura and Rhyncophthirina form a holophyletic group whose sister-group is the Ischnocera, and the Amblycera is the sister-group of this assemblage. The common ancestor of the Phthiraptera is suggested to have been parasitic, and all lice are believed to have evolved under environmental constraints similar to those operating today. On the evidence provided by host relationships the origin of the lice is dated as the Cretaceous, but the host of the ancestor of the order is not identified. The lice of marsupials in South America and Australia are not considered to comprise a holophyletic group.

Globally, agriculture faces biotic, abiotic and legislative challenges. Impacting on all is the increasing number of species and strains of animals, plants, fungi and microorganisms that must be managed. Planning and implementing appropriate farm- and country-level actions requires accurate identification of organisms to access information although, in developing countries, many important species are neither named scientifically nor their local taxonomies and uses well documented. Improvement and adaptation of crops and livestock to changing environment and needs has long depended on genes from wild relatives. Implementing adequate biosecurity for agriculture at national and local levels may involve information on biota globally. Agricultural and neighbouring ecosystems provide poorly-characterised reservoirs for pests, natural enemies, pollinators and other organisms detrimental, beneficial or essential to productive and resilient agro-ecosystems, and the latter must be assessed and monitored fo...

A rectal valve is known from Bostrichiformia (e.g. Dermestidae, Bostrichidae, Ptinidae), Cucujiformia (e.g. Chrysmeloidea, Cleridae, Curculionoidea, Endomychidae, Tenebrionidae) and Buprestidae, associated with the cryptonephridial system for water recovery from fecal matter. The valve is probably homologous in at least the Bostrichiformia and Cucujiformia although the form it takes may not be. It comprises a sclerotized band lying in the wall of the rectum where this meets the perinephric membrane. The valve is plesiomorphically a narrow crimped ring, probably acting as a sphincter to retain fecal matter for water extraction. Apomorphically it extends longitudinally along the rectum and supports the perinephric chamber; this state has probably arisen independently several times. Larval and adult morphology may be similar or different. Within the Curculionoidea different apomorphic forms suggest monophyly of groups within the Anthribidae and Dryophthoridae, and within the curculionid subfamilies Entiminae, Mesoptiliinae, Molytinae and Cossoninae + Scolytinae, although limited weight should be placed on a single character. No support is provided for a relationship between the Platypodinae and Scolytinae. The genera Cylindrotypetes Zimmerman 1942 and Edaphotrypetes Morimoto 1995 are transferred from Molytinae: Phoenicobatini to Cossoninae: Pentrarthini.

Based on the type material of Oriental Lygaeinae seed bugs in The Natural History Museum, London and elsewhere, the following taxonomic changes are made. New combinations: Aspilocoryphus dixoni (Distant, 1903), comb. nov. (from Graptostethus); Aspilocoryphus orientalis (Distant, 1903), comb. nov. (from Lygaeosoma); Lygaeosoma sordidum (Distant, 1918a) comb. nov. (from Melanotelus); Hormopleurus modestus (Distant, 1909), comb. nov. (from Lygaeosoma). New synonyms: Aspilocoryphus fraternus Distant, 1918a, a junior synonym of Aspilocoryphus orientalis (Distant, 1903) (Lygaeosoma), syn nov., Epibomius pusa Distant, 1909, a junior synonym of Lygaeosoma pusillum (Dallas, 1852) (Arocatus), syn. nov., Pyrrhobaphus (Graptostethus) collaris Breddin, 1907 a junior synonym of Graptostethus quadrisignatus Distant, 1879, syn. nov., Graptostethus diffusus Walker, 1872 a junior synonym of Graptostethus incomptus (Herrich-Schaffer, 1847) (Lygaeus), syn. nov., Graptostethus trisignatus Distant, 1879 a junior synonym of Graptostethus incertus (Walker, 1872) (Lygaeus), syn. nov. , Lygaeus degeni Distant, 1918b, a junior synonym of Cosmopleurus fulvipes (Dallas, 1852) (Lygaeus), syn. nov., Lygaeus simla Distant, 1909, a junior synonym of Tropidothorax leucopterus (Goeze, 1778) (Cimex), syn. nov., Lygaeus tonkinensis Distant, 1918b, a junior synonym of Tropidothorax maculatus (Dallas, 1852) (Lygaeus), syn. nov., Tropidothorax concisus Walker, 1872, a junior synonym of Tropidothorax fimbriatus (Dallas, 1852) (Lygaeus), syn. nov.

Sclerolepidia are minute specialized structures found only alongthe metepisternal suture in the weevil subfamilies Scolytinae, Cossoninae, Baridinae and some tribes in the Cryptorhynchinae, Conoderinae, Molytinae, Curculioninae and Cyclominae of the Curculionidae. Their presence has been used to establish relationships at subfamily level in the Curculionidae, although some of these are questionable, because of misperceptions of the distribution of the structure across taxa. Within the Curculionidae sclerolepidia are probably homologous, but provide limited information aiding establishment of sister‐group relationships between subfamilies, and multiple loss is likely. Analogous structures occur in the Erirhinidae and the Eucnemidae, but not elsewhere in the Coleoptera. Structural evidence shows sclerolepidia to be derived from scales. Their morphology allows division into ‘squamiform’, ‘digitate’, ‘peg‐like’ and ‘plumose’ types. Squamiform sclerolepidia are only slightly modified from the ancestra...

In an age when biodiversity is being lost at an unprecedented rate, it is vital that floristic and faunistic information is up to date, reliable and easily accessible for the formulation of effective conservation strategies. Electronic data management and communication are transforming descriptive taxonomy radically, enhancing both the collection and dissemination of crucial data on biodiversity. This volume is written by scientists at the forefront of current developments of floras and faunas, along with specialists from applied user groups. The chapters review novel methods of research, development and dissemination, which aim to maximise the relevance and impact of data. Regional case studies are used to illustrate the outputs and impacts of taxonomic research. Integrated approaches are presented which have the capacity to accelerate the production of floras and faunas and to better serve the needs of a widening audience.

Pre-dispersal seed predation of dipterocarp trees in South-East Asia is of increasing importance to regeneration. A new genus of nanophyid beetles, Damnux gen. nov., is described, of which all known larval hosts are seeds of Dipterocarpaceae. Most of the species feed on multiple hosts, and several hosts are attacked sympatrically by more than one Damnux species. The type species of Damnux is Nanophyes dipterocarpi Marshall, comb. nov. from Meregallia, and eight other species are described as new: D. borneensis sp. nov., D. confusa sp. nov., D. conviva sp. nov., D. grandis sp. nov., D. seminivorax sp. nov., D. tenebriosa sp. nov., D. tindaleorum sp. nov. and D. wagneri sp. nov. The genus Meregallia is reviewed and redescribed, and the type species fixed as M. ligata Hustache. Three new species,M. sulawesiensis sp. nov., M. sulawesiensis M. sulawesiensis sp. nov. and M. aratra sp. nov., are described. A lectotype is designated for Meregallia ligata (Hustache) by Dr V. Zherikhin.

The purpose of this application, under Article 80.4 of the Code, is to request the emendation of two entries in the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology: that for the genus Otiorhynchus Germar, currently stated to be dated 1824 with type species Curculio clavipes Bonsdorff, 1785, while it is known to have been proposed by Germar in 1822, with type species Curculio rhacusensis Germar, 1822 by monotypy; and that for the genus Loborhynchus Schoenherr, 1823, which should be Loborhynchus Dejean, 1821.

Species comprising two monophyletic groups of Alcidodes sensu lato (crassus group and dipterocarpi group) feed on fruits of the ecologically and economically important tropical timber family Dipterocarpaceae. Fifteen Alcidodes species are newly described from several thousand specimens of seed-feeding beetles reared from south-east Asian dipterocarp hosts (Dipterocarpoidae) and four other species are revised. Morphological keys are provided for identifying these 19 taxa. Weevil associations are provided for 70 species of Dipterocarpaceae in five genera (16 Dipterocarpus spp., four Dryobalanops spp., six Hopea spp., 39 Shorea spp. and five Vatica spp.). These records relate primarily to specimens reared from seeds in Borneo and in Peninsular Malaysia, but all known previous host records are also included (from India, Andaman Islands, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and the Philippines) and assessed. These validated and documented host associations refute general assertions that (1) seed-eating beetles are host-spe...

Many Curculionidae, Scolytidae and Platypodidae stridulate by rubbing a plectrum on tergite VII against a subapical file on the elytral underside. The file on the right elytron may be smaller than that on the left, or absent; on either elytron it usually comprises a series of parallel ridges. The plectrum generally consists of one or more pair of setiferous tubercles, although other structures are sometimes employed. This stridulatory system (‘type 1’) is found in members of 14 curculionid subfamilies and in Scolytidae. Platypodidae have a similar and probably homologous organ, although the morphology of the file differs somewhat from that found elsewhere and the plectrum is a simple flange. Within Curculionidae three other elytro-tergal stridulatory systems have been found. Firstly, in some Cossoninae and Molytinae, the file is a row of tubercles on tergite VII and the plectrum is a ridge on the elytron (‘type 2’); this is newly reported here. Secondly, females of Ithyporini, some Camptorhinini and some ...

We review the three most widely used XML schemas used to mark-up taxonomic texts, TaxonX, TaxPub and taXMLit. These are described from the viewpoint of their development history, current status, implementation, and use cases. The concept of “taxon treatment” from the viewpoint of taxonomy mark-up into XML is discussed. TaxonX and taXMLit are primarily designed for legacy literature, the former being more lightweight and with a focus on recovery of taxon treatments, the latter providing a much more detailed set of tags to facilitate data extraction and analysis. TaxPub is an extension of the National Library of Medicine Document Type Definition (NLM DTD) for taxonomy focussed on layout and recovery and, as such, is best suited for mark-up of new publications and their archiving in PubMedCentral. All three schemas have their advantages and shortcomings and can be used for different purposes.

Andracalles pani n. sp. is described and figured. It is one of 9 species of cryptorhynchine weevil so far known from the Three Kings Islands, and like all but one of the others it has a sister-group on the main islands of New Zealand. The male and female genitalia of A. pani differ markedly from those of its congeners. The male possesses a very unusual large toothed sclerite in the endophallus, and the endophallus itself may be permanently everted. The female vagina is thickened posteriorly in such a fashion as to receive and limit the movement of the male aedeagus, indicating the function of the aedeagus as an intromittent organ.

Special Issue: Insect Evolution Below the Species Level., 1. The diversity of insects in tropical forests remains poorly known, in particular regarding the critical feeding associations of herbivores, which are thought to drive species richness in these ecosystems. 2. Host records remain elusive and traditionally require labour-intensive feeding trials. A recent approach analyses plant DNA ingested by herbivorous insects; direct PCR amplification from DNA extracts from weevils (Curculionoidea) using chloroplast (trnL intron) primers was successful in 41 of 115 cases, resulting in 40 different sequences. 3. The resulting trnL intron sequences were identified against public databases to various hierarchical levels based on their position in phylogenetic trees and shown to be members of 26 plant families from different major groups of angiosperms. 4. Among the trnL intron sequences, seven pairs or triplets of close relatives (0-2 bp difference) were found which may represent intraspecific variation in the respective host plants. 5. Molecular clock calibrations of mitochondrial cox1 sequences of weevils established great distances of lineages obtained (all splits estimated >20 Mya). Distant taxa were found to feed on the same or similar hosts in some cases, showing low evolutionary conservation of host associations among deeper levels. 6. The technique provides a new means of studying species diversity and plant-herbivore interactions in tropical forests, and removes the constraints of the need for actual observations of feeding in ecological and evolutionary studies. © 2010 The Royal Entomological Society., This work has been supported by the studentships from SENACYT-Panama, CONACYT-Mexico (196749) and the European Union-Alban (E05D058103PA) to S. P. N. J. J. R. received support from the SYNTHESYS grant (GB-TAF-4394) of the European Community Research Infrastructure and J.G-Z. from the Spanish “Fundación BBVA” (project >IN2-BST-Nicaragua).

2 pages.-- Nomenclatural note.

High diversity in tropical phytophagous insects may be linked to narrow host specificity and host shifts, but tests are complicated by incomplete taxonomy and difficulties in food source identification. Specimens of the highly diverse New World genus Conotrachelus (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) were reared from >17,500 fruits (seeds) at six Central American rain forests. Interception traps were used for comparison with assemblages flying in the forest. Mitochondrial cox1 and the nuclear 28S genes were sequenced for 483 larval and adult specimens. A Yule-Coalescent technique was used to group cox1 sequences into putative species (17 from traps, 48 from rearing). Cox1 sequences of 24 species from museum collections provided matches for three species from traps and no match for the reared species. Inga (Fabaceae) was the predominant host among 15 other genera and 67% of the weevils were monophagous. A three gene tree (cox1, rrnL, 28S) recovered four well-supported clades feeding on Inga confirmed by phylogenetic community analyzes that showed phylogenetic conservation of host plant utilization. This suggests that host shifts are not directly involved in speciation, while the broad taxonomic host range and the evolutionary repeated shifts still contribute to the high species richness in Conotrachelus. The DNA-based approach combining species delimitation and phylogenetic analysis elucidated the evolutionary diversification of this lineage, despite insufficient taxonomic knowledge. Conotrachelus is an example of the diverse tropical groups that require DNA-based taxonomy to study their evolutionary ecology.

Afroryzophilus djibai is a new genus and species of weevil, which attacks rice in Senegal. Its biology, pest potential and relationships with other Erirhininae are discussed.

A rectal valve is known from Bostrichiformia (e.g. Dermestidae, Bostrichidae, Ptinidae), Cucujiformia (e.g. Chrysmeloidea, Cleridae, Curculionoidea, Endomychidae, Tenebrionidae) and Buprestidae, associated with the cryptonephridial system for water recovery from fecal matter. The valve is probably homologous in at least the Bostrichiformia and Cucujiformia although the form it takes may not be. It comprises a sclerotized band lying in the wall of the rectum where this meets the perinephric membrane. The valve is plesiomorphically a narrow crimped ring, probably acting as a sphincter to retain fecal matter for water extraction. Apomorphically it extends longitudinally along the rectum and supports the perinephric chamber; this state has probably arisen independently several times. Larval and adult morphology may be similar or different. Within the Curculionoidea different apomorphic forms suggest monophyly of groups within the Anthribidae and Dryophthoridae, and within the curculionid subfamilies Entiminae, Mesoptiliinae, Molytinae and Cossoninae + Scolytinae, although limited weight should be placed on a single character. No support is provided for a relationship between the Platypodinae and Scolytinae. The genera Cylindrotypetes Zimmerman 1942 and Edaphotrypetes Morimoto 1995 are transferred from Molytinae: Phoenicobatini to Cossoninae: Pentrarthini.

Phylogenetic relationships among the genera of the subfamily Oxycoryninae and other belids (Curculionoidea) were reconstructed by cladistic analysis using 21 terminals and 98 characters: 62 from imaginal morphology, 33 from larval morphology and three biological characters relating to host plants and larval feeding habits. Terminal taxa represent all extant genera of Oxycoryninae, two genera of each of the three tribes of Belinae plus two outgroup taxa used to root the tree. New information on the larvae and biology of the metrioxenines is used in phylogenetic reconstruction. In accord with the single optimal cladogram obtained, a revised classification of the Oxycoryninae is proposed. The subfamily is classified into three tribes (Oxycorynini, Metrioxenini and Aglycyderini), with the tribe Oxycorynini further classified into three subtribes (Oxycraspedina Marvaldi & Oberprieler, subtr. nov., Oxycorynina and Allocorynina) and the tribe Metrioxenini into two subtribes (Metrioxenina and Afrocorynina ( = Hispodini, syn. nov.)). Larval and adult unambiguous synapomorphies defining each clade are identified. Tracing the evolution of biological traits from the phylogenetic estimate indicates that drastic shifts to phylogenetically distant host plants occurred from the ancestral belid association with conifers. Structural, chemical and/or ecological similarities of the plant organs consumed apparently had a major influence in the colonisation of different plant taxa by this group of weevils.

The possibilities for dramatically improving taxonomic output painted by Q. D. Wheeler et al. in their Editorial (“Taxonomy: impediment or expedient?”, 16 Jan., p. [285][1]) are exciting and necessary. However, unless these technical enhancements are matched by sociological changes by both providers and users of taxonomic information, their vision is unattainable. The 1.78 million of Earth's species that have been described represent at best 42% of the total, and the expectation that taxonomists can rapidly name any sample is unrealistic. Wheeler et al . address this. However, an increase in taxonomic output must be matched by products that meet the needs and expectations of the wider user community. Despite this, the ratio between numbers of taxonomists and available funding to the number of species to be studied drives taxonomists to focus on core tasks rather than on developing “user-friendly” products. Identifications, identification aids, and inventories require considerable time and museum resources, although funding bodies, holding the perception that these are available, rarely fund them. Funders recognizing the scale of work find it difficult to prioritize and may see the problem as intractable and unfundable. Furthermore, career development and peer recognition accrue more from papers in Science and peer-reviewed journals than from field guides, Web pages, or identification handbooks. Career progression and institutional recognition exert selection pressure in favor of traditional research products. Many funding bodies also expect outputs of high-impact, cutting-edge science, published in key journals. This tendency leads to grants for developing novel methodologies rather than for implementing existing ones. Solving these problems will require agreement about priorities. The CBD has highlighted many of these issues and the U.S. National Science Foundation, the UK Darwin Initiative, and Australian Biological Resources Study are leading the way in recognizing the trade-off between methodology development and implementation. Users must also ensure that their needs for taxonomic products are addressed in their project design and grant applications. Taxonomic institutions should reconsider their functions, performance indicators, and appraisal criteria. The importance of outputs for nontaxonomists should be raised and impact assessment mechanisms devised. Because taxonomic and other institutions compete for funds, the process must involve discussions with supporting government departments and universities to ensure that novel performance indicators are agreed upon. If constructive action is not taken, we fear that, improved methodologies or not, taxonomy will fail to meet its users' needs and expectations, leading to further loss of a vital science, biodiversity, and human well-being. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.303.5656.285

Omissions from and corrections to Alonso Zarazaga & Lyal (1999) are given. The following 19 valid taxa described before 2000 were absent and are now included: Brarus Kuschel, 1997 in Nemonychidae, Brachycorynus, Habroxenus, Neoxenus, Sicanthus and Trigonorhinini (all of Valentine, 1999 in Anthribidae), Gobicar Gratshev & Zherikhin, 1999 in Eccoptarthridae, Neoicaris Hoffmann, 1968 in Erirhinidae, Baezia Alonso-Zarazaga & Garcia, 1999, Ecezius Thompson, 1982, Hirtegrius Colonnelli, 1999, Kyklioacalles Stueben, 1999, Neasphalmus Nakane, 1963, Neomroczkowskiella Kania, 1999, Notegrius Colonnelli, 1999, Onyxacalles Stueben, 1999, Oreochorus Zaslavskij & Korotyaev, 1998, Perigasteromimus Colonnelli, 1999, Pseudoglyptobaris Thompson, 1982 and Strophocodes Pelletier, 1999 in Curculionidae. A new replacement name is proposed in Attelabidae: Riedeliops Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal (subgenus of Euops Schoenherr, 1839) nom. nov. for Charops Riedel, 1998 (non Holmgren, 1858). New synonymies are: Basitropini Lacordaire, 1866 (= Eugonini Lacordaire, 1866, syn. nov.) in Anthribidae; Haplorhynchites (Haplorhynchites) Voss, 1924 (= Aphlorhynchites Sawada, 1993, syn. nov., removed from synonymy with Teretriorhynchites) in Rhynchitidae; Belorhynchus Berthold, 1827 (= Belopherus Schoenherr, 1833, syn. nov.) and Arrhenodini Lacordaire, 1866 (= Belorhynchini Lacordaire, 1866, syn. nov.) in Brentidae; Otiorhynchus (Dorymerus) Seidlitz, 1890 (= Otiorhynchus (Normotionus) Reitter, 1912, syn. nov.), Pseudomeira Stierlin, 1881 (= Neoperitelinus O’Brien & Wibmer, 1982, syn. nov.), Polydrusini Schoenherr, 1823 (= Liophloeidae Gistel, 1848, syn. nov.), Leptomias (Leptomias) Faust, 1886 (= Formanekia Fleischer, 1923, syn. nov.) and Trachodini Gistel, 1848 (= Acicnemidini Lacordaire, 1866, syn. nov.) in Curculionidae. New type species designations are: Hypera arvernica Capiomont, 1868 for Pachypera Capiomont, 1868 (Curculionidae) and Orthosinus velatus Motschulsky, 1863 for Orthosinus Motschulsky, 1863 (Dryophthoridae). Two taxa are described as new in Curculionidae: Otiorhynchus (Magnanotius) Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal, subgen. nov. (type species Otiorhynchus kollari Gyllenhal, 1834, in Entiminae Otiorhynchini), and Pajnisoodes Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal gen. nov. (type species: Dirodes flavomaculatus Pajni & Sood, 1982 in Lixinae Cleonini). New combinations are: Pajnisoodes flavomaculatus (Pajni & Sood, 1982) and P. chandigarhensis (Pajni & Sood, 1982), both from Dirodes. New placements are: Teretriorhynchites Voss, 1938 to subgenus of Haplorhynchites (from Involvulus) (Rhynchitidae). Hypodeporaus Voss, 1922 to subgenus of Deporaus (from synonymy under Caenorhinus) (Rhynchitidae). Belorhynchus Berthold, 1827 to genus in Arrhenodini (from synonymy under Nemorhinus) (Brentidae). Tychaeini Schonfeldt, 1910 to tribe in Trachelizinae (from synonymy under Belorhynchini) (Brentidae). Afghanocryptus Voss, 1961 to Erirhininae Arthrostenini (Erirhinidae) from Ocladiinae (Brachyceridae). Myocalandra Faust, 1894 to Diocalandrini (from Litosomini) (Dryophthoridae). Hydronomidius Faust, 1898 to Erirhininae Erirhinini (Erirhinidae) from Bagoinae (Curculionidae). Picia Tournier, 1895 to Erirhinini from Stenopelmini (Erirhinidae). Hypsomus Schoenherr, 1836, Sidomenia Laporte, 1840 and Stenotypus Marshall, 1957 to Curculioninae i. sed. (Curculionidae) from Erirhinini (Erirhinidae). Meripherellus Lea, 1915 to Tychiini i. sed. (Curculionidae) from Erirhinini (Erirhinidae). Opsittis Pascoe, 1870 to Molytinae i. sed. (Curculionidae) from Erirhinini (Erirhinidae). Praolepra Broun, 1880 to Storeini (Curculionidae) from Erirhinini (Erirhinidae). Herpes Bedel, 1874 to Hyperinae Hyperini (from Entiminae Thecesternini) (Curculionidae). Oropterus White, 1846 to Eugnomini from Anthonomini (Curculionidae). Pachytrichus Schoenherr, 1836 to Curculioninae i. sed. from Rhythirrhinini (Curculionidae). Oreoscotus Aurivillius, 1910 to Aminyopini from Molytinae i. sed. (Curculionidae). Dirodes Pascoe, 1887 to Sternechini from Cleonini (Curculionidae). Rhinospineus Hoffmann, 1961 to genus in Cyphicerina (from synonymy under Taurostomus) (Curculionidae). Epicthonius Schoenherr, 1823 to genus in Cyclomini (from synonymy under Cyclomus) (Curculionidae). Caulostrophilus Desbrochers, 1905 to genus in Brachyderini (from subgenus of Caulostrophus) and Pelletierius Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal, 1999 to genus in Brachyderini (from subgenus of Strophosoma) (Curculionidae). Meconemus Labram & Imhoff, [1838] is reinstated as the valid name for Ischnocerus Schoenherr, 1839 (Anthribidae).