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1. Navigating the Post-Pandemic Fiscal Landscape: Unraveling COVID-19 Relief Spending Decisions and Empowering Education Advocates

Author

Arizona State University (ASU), Center on Reinventing Public Education (CRPE), Pitts, Christine, Chu, Lisa, and Pangelinan, Cara

Abstract

While COVID-19 caused unimaginable disruptions to public education, we saw remarkable examples of innovation and commitment to supporting high school student success. In our New England landscape of learning research, we learned that the boundaries of what it means to "reinvent" high school stretched, and in some systems, the momentum for change accelerated. Students and teachers learned to work in new ways and reached new understandings about each other. Now, building off these lessons and in partnership with the Center for Public Research and Leadership (CPRL), we are engaged in an in-depth look at the American Rescue Plan (ARP), post-pandemic recovery in New England high schools. Our research is designed to reveal whether and how federal dollars are being directed toward supporting a better adolescent experience, how high schools are innovating and adapting to advance equity, and what kinds of choices students are making about their futures after high school. The results from this investigation will equip school and system leaders, state policymakers, and advocates--in New England and beyond--to better understand and support pandemic-era innovations that connect to what students and families need and want from high school.

Published
2023

2. Reimagining the Teacher Role: How Some Large and Urban Districts Are Enhancing Appeal, Addressing Shortages

Author

Arizona State University (ASU), Center on Reinventing Public Education (CRPE), Chu, Lisa, Dusseault, Bree, and Rainey, Lydia

Abstract

The exact cause of teacher shortages is unknown. Some experts argue that shortages are localized, while others say that the lack of teachers is due to low unemployment and other factors. Regardless, school systems face big challenges with their teacher workforce, including finding enough teacher candidates and retaining the teachers they have, as well as filling specialized positions. These challenges require school systems to make changes to the role of the teacher. This brief identifies eight categories of strategies that school systems are using to reimagine their teacher workforce, then assesses the extent to which large and urban districts have adopted these strategies. Of the 100 large and urban school systems examined for this brief, 97 had strategies to address workforce challenges. But fewer than one in three of those districts were pursuing workforce strategies the authors would define as new or imaginative--and most focused on recruiting more candidates.

Published
2023

3. Should Daily Attendance Be a Measure of Success? Prioritizing Community Building and Student Engagement. Case Studies in High School Redesign

Author

Arizona State University (ASU), Center on Reinventing Public Education (CRPE), Columbia University, Center for Public Research and Leadership (CPRL), Chu, Lisa, and Casimere, Heather

Abstract

Nowell Academy in Providence, Rhode Island primarily serves pregnant and parenting, overaged, and undercredited high school students, 96% of whom have had past difficulties with consistent attendance. Nowell provides incentives for students to come to school by offering daycare services, learning experiences that connect curriculum to the real world, and resources like gas cards and gift cards for school supplies. Administrators noted they have "moved mountains'' in attendance, with rates rising to roughly 68% in recent school years. However, the extensive challenges young adults face outside of the classroom continue to make consistent attendance difficult, and because average attendance is a factor in Rhode Island's school performance ratings, Nowell is often compared to higher state averages for high school attendance. This has led some staff to want to continue working to raise attendance rates, both for accountability purposes and because of the importance of students engaging steadily in learning. Other staff feel it's more important to continue prioritizing relationship-building and engaging, real-world learning, since purely targeting improvements in attendance may not best serve the school's unique population. This case concludes with discussion questions for high school leaders working to boost students' engagement and ownership of their educational journeys, in addition to increasing attendance.

Published
2023

4. Different Choices, Equal Chances: Helping High School Students Achieve Success on Their Own Terms. Case Studies in High School Redesign

Author

Arizona State University (ASU), Center on Reinventing Public Education (CRPE), Columbia University, Center for Public Research and Leadership (CPRL), Chu, Lisa, and Waite, Chelsea

Abstract

Nokomis Regional High School, which draws nearly 600 students from eight different towns in rural Maine, has spent 10 years transforming its instructional model to immerse students in meaningful learning experiences that relate to their interests and passions. Project-based learning, interdisciplinary courses, and career exploration units are designed to help students explore various options and feel secure about their postsecondary choices. As students near graduation in this rural community, some plan to enroll in college, while others envision entering the trades or starting a job. Staff at Nokomis want students to achieve success on their own terms, which means challenging the predominantly college-oriented attitude that persists in high school practice and policy. But many teachers and administrators are still grappling with how to ensure that students choosing different pathways--some involving college, some not (or not yet)--will have an equal shot at long-term success and stability relative to their peers. Some staff think the school should more assertively push students toward college and career options beyond the local rural community. This case wrestles with how high schools can expand students' postsecondary horizons while remaining responsive to their values and interests--especially if those values differ significantly from those of the adults who support them. [For the corresponding Case Studies in High School Redesign, see ED626304 and ED626305.]

Published
2023

5. Student Support That Meets the Moment: The Need for Clarity and Rigor in SEL

Author

Arizona State University (ASU), Center on Reinventing Public Education (CRPE), Chu, Lisa, and DeArmond, Michael

Abstract

As stress and disruption have intensified for students over the past two years due to the pandemic, so has interest in and spending on social-emotional learning (SEL) in public education. Also mounting in some places is confusion about what SEL is and a lack of clarity about how, exactly, to implement SEL in sustainable, effective ways. In a time of crisis like no other for our children, how can schools best respond to their complex needs? The Center on Reinventing Public Education spent the 2020-21 school year digging into the issue from several vantage points. The authors turned to survey research and experts to understand how the pandemic was affecting student well-being and mental health, examined a national sample of school districts to see how school systems were supporting SEL, and looked for data and practices that schools might leverage to meet the moment. More than anything, schools need clarity about SEL. Teachers can't be left to figure out on their own how to build healthy environments and teach prosocial skills. As districts and schools plan more services and programming with a new wave of federal funding and seek to help students recover from the pandemic, they need to clearly define what SEL means for their institutions, what streams of work fall under that banner, and what problems they are using it to solve. Leaders must prioritize SEL through sufficient staffing and budgets, and schools must develop habits and processes that treat SEL as cross-cutting, school-wide, systemic work. This brief offers components of a comprehensive SEL approach, including: (1) Be clear about what SEL is and isn't; (2) Prioritize SEL through budget and personnel decisions; (3) Incorporate SEL into the school's mission and vision; (4) Develop a system to monitor what's needed and what works; (5) Make sure SEL is integrated into all aspects of school, especially academics; (6) Plan both whole-school activities and individual interventions; (7) Staff sufficiently to meet SEL needs; (8) Connect SEL to DEI work; and (9) Invest in adult SEL and well-being.

Published
2022

6. Approaching SEL as a Whole-School Effort, Not an Add-On: Lessons from Two Charter Networks

Author

University of Washington, Bothell. Center on Reinventing Public Education (CRPE), Chu, Lisa, and DeArmond, Michael

Abstract

There is wide recognition that supporting social-emotional learning (SEL) is a critical task for schools as they emerge from the pandemic, but implementation is challenging and SEL programs can easily turn into isolated and disjointed initiatives. When schools treat SEL as an isolated initiative, implementation can be uneven and difficult to support. Other priorities may end up crowding out attention to SEL or creating barriers to implementation and learning. This paper highlights the approach that two innovative charter networks--Uplift Education and Distinctive Schools--took last year to address student well-being and social-emotional development. Above all, their examples suggest that education leaders should commit to weaving their work on SEL into the fabric of their school. They highlight the importance of leveraging shared approaches to SEL, data, and staffing to support SEL schoolwide. Consistent with long-standing advice and research on the importance of a schoolwide approach to SEL, they underscore the importance of integrating SEL into schools and systems at the organizational level.

Published
2021

7. Author Correction: Rps14 haploinsufficiency causes a block in erythroid differentiation mediated by S100A8 and S100A9

Author

Schneider, Rebekka K, Schenone, Monica, Ferreira, Monica Ventura, Kramann, Rafael, Joyce, Cailin E, Hartigan, Christina, Beier, Fabian, Brümmendorf, Tim H, Germing, Ulrich, Platzbecker, Uwe, Büsche, Guntram, Knüchel, Ruth, Chen, Michelle C, Waters, Christopher S, Chen, Edwin, Chu, Lisa P, Novina, Carl D, Lindsley, R Coleman, Carr, Steven A, and Ebert, Benjamin L

Published
2024
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8. The Kids Are (Really) Not Alright: A Synthesis of COVID-19 Student Surveys

Author

Center on Reinventing Public Education (CRPE), Chu, Lisa, and Lake, Robin

Abstract

Student surveys found that the educational experience in the first months of the pandemic was a mess. As schools quickly implemented remote learning last spring, many students experienced little meaningful online instruction and were unhappy with online classes. This brief from the Evidence Project synthesizes new student surveys that have come out during the 2020-21 school year. Our findings suggest that while online instruction appears to have improved since the start of the pandemic, students are truly struggling to stay motivated and to have a healthy mental state of mind. Key takeaways: (1) Students say they are learning more, both in-person and online, than when the pandemic started last spring; (2) Students, especially those learning remotely, are clearly struggling to stay interested and engaged in that learning; (3) Serious problems remain when it comes to opportunity gaps and digital equity; (4) Mental health concerns appear to be on the rise, but vary by gender; and (5) Students, especially from low-income households, lack personal support from adults in schools. [This report was produced by the Evidence Project at Center on Reinventing Public Education (CRPE).]

Published
2021

9. How Are School Districts Addressing Student Social-Emotional Needs during the Pandemic?

Author

Center on Reinventing Public Education (CRPE), DeArmond, Michael, Chu, Lisa, and Gundapaneni, Padma

Abstract

Since March 2020, Center on Reinventing Public Education (CRPE) has tracked remote learning trends in school districts across the country. In this brief, we look at how our nationally representative sample of 477 school districts attended to students' social-emotional learning and well-being in fall 2020. Students' social-emotional learning and well-being was a concern before the COVID-19 pandemic. But it is an even bigger issue now, as students and teachers cope with the pressures of not only the pandemic and social isolation, but also the nation's reckoning with law enforcement violence against Black people, the ongoing economic crisis, and threats to American democracy. In light of these challenges, we wanted to see whether districts' remote learning and school reopening plans mentioned social-emotional learning and, if so, in what ways. After reviewing public information available online in our representative sample of school districts, we found: (1) Most district plans (66 percent) mentioned students' social-emotional learning and well-being; (2) When it comes to supporting students, district plans were more likely to focus on creating safe environments (47 percent) than teaching social-emotional skills (31 percent). Of the approaches we reviewed, advisories and morning meetings were the most common ways districts supported students; and (3) Despite the clear interest in students' social-emotional learning and well-being, we also found very few districts (7 percent) taking a system-wide approach to collecting data on how their students were doing.

Published
2021

11. Discovery and fine-mapping of height loci via high-density imputation of GWASs in individuals of African ancestry

Author

Graff, Mariaelisa, Justice, Anne E, Young, Kristin L, Marouli, Eirini, Zhang, Xinruo, Fine, Rebecca S, Lim, Elise, Buchanan, Victoria, Rand, Kristin, Feitosa, Mary F, Wojczynski, Mary K, Yanek, Lisa R, Shao, Yaming, Rohde, Rebecca, Adeyemo, Adebowale A, Aldrich, Melinda C, Allison, Matthew A, Ambrosone, Christine B, Ambs, Stefan, Amos, Christopher, Arnett, Donna K, Atwood, Larry, Bandera, Elisa V, Bartz, Traci, Becker, Diane M, Berndt, Sonja I, Bernstein, Leslie, Bielak, Lawrence F, Blot, William J, Bottinger, Erwin P, Bowden, Donald W, Bradfield, Jonathan P, Brody, Jennifer A, Broeckel, Ulrich, Burke, Gregory, Cade, Brian E, Cai, Qiuyin, Caporaso, Neil, Carlson, Chris, Carpten, John, Casey, Graham, Chanock, Stephen J, Chen, Guanjie, Chen, Minhui, Chen, Yii-Der I, Chen, Wei-Min, Chesi, Alessandra, Chiang, Charleston WK, Chu, Lisa, Coetzee, Gerry A, Conti, David V, Cooper, Richard S, Cushman, Mary, Demerath, Ellen, Deming, Sandra L, Dimitrov, Latchezar, Ding, Jingzhong, Diver, W Ryan, Duan, Qing, Evans, Michele K, Falusi, Adeyinka G, Faul, Jessica D, Fornage, Myriam, Fox, Caroline, Freedman, Barry I, Garcia, Melissa, Gillanders, Elizabeth M, Goodman, Phyllis, Gottesman, Omri, Grant, Struan FA, Guo, Xiuqing, Hakonarson, Hakon, Haritunians, Talin, Harris, Tamara B, Harris, Curtis C, Henderson, Brian E, Hennis, Anselm, Hernandez, Dena G, Hirschhorn, Joel N, McNeill, Lorna Haughton, Howard, Timothy D, Howard, Barbara, Hsing, Ann W, Hsu, Yu-Han H, Hu, Jennifer J, Huff, Chad D, Huo, Dezheng, Ingles, Sue A, Irvin, Marguerite R, John, Esther M, Johnson, Karen C, Jordan, Joanne M, Kabagambe, Edmond K, Kang, Sun J, Kardia, Sharon L, Keating, Brendan J, Kittles, Rick A, Klein, Eric A, Kolb, Suzanne, and Kolonel, Laurence N

Subjects
Human Genome, Genetics, Africa, Black or African American, Black People, Body Height, Europe, Female, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Male, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, African ancestry, fine-mapping, genome-wide, height, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity
Abstract

Although many loci have been associated with height in European ancestry populations, very few have been identified in African ancestry individuals. Furthermore, many of the known loci have yet to be generalized to and fine-mapped within a large-scale African ancestry sample. We performed sex-combined and sex-stratified meta-analyses in up to 52,764 individuals with height and genome-wide genotyping data from the African Ancestry Anthropometry Genetics Consortium (AAAGC). We additionally combined our African ancestry meta-analysis results with published European genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. In the African ancestry analyses, we identified three novel loci (SLC4A3, NCOA2, ECD/FAM149B1) in sex-combined results and two loci (CRB1, KLF6) in women only. In the African plus European sex-combined GWAS, we identified an additional three novel loci (RCCD1, G6PC3, CEP95) which were equally driven by AAAGC and European results. Among 39 genome-wide significant signals at known loci, conditioning index SNPs from European studies identified 20 secondary signals. Two of the 20 new secondary signals and none of the 8 novel loci had minor allele frequencies (MAF) < 5%. Of 802 known European height signals, 643 displayed directionally consistent associations with height, of which 205 were nominally significant (p < 0.05) in the African ancestry sex-combined sample. Furthermore, 148 of 241 loci contained ≤20 variants in the credible sets that jointly account for 99% of the posterior probability of driving the associations. In summary, trans-ethnic meta-analyses revealed novel signals and further improved fine-mapping of putative causal variants in loci shared between African and European ancestry populations.

Published
2021

12. Weighted Student Funding and Outcomes: Implementation in 18 School Districts

Author

Tuchman, Sivan, Gross, Betheny, and Chu, Lisa

Abstract

Over the last 20 years an increasing number of districts have implemented weighted student funding (WSF) policies that distribute resources to schools in ways that more accurately reflect the level students may require and provide principals with expanded flexibility in the use of funds. This study uses an event study model to examine whether student academic performance trends for a sample of 18 districts between 2009 and 2016 outpaced those in districts that did not implement WSF. We find a positive relationship overall between the implementation of WSF and increased math and ELA test scores for the total student population, specifically for ELA in the first year after WSF implementation. We find similar results for black students. We also see that WSF implementation is related to a decline in the disparity in ELA and math scores between white and black students. These trends, however, are a continuation of results these districts had prior to the policy.

Published
2022
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13. MET Genomic Alterations in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC): Rapid Response to Crizotinib in a Patient with HNSCC with a Novel MET R1004G Mutation

Author

Chu, Lisa Pei, Franck, Debra, Parachoniak, Christine A, Gregg, Jeffrey P, Moore, Michael G, Farwell, D Gregory, Rao, Shyam, Heilmann, Andreas M, Erlich, Rachel L, Ross, Jeffrey S, Miller, Vincent A, Ali, Siraj, and Riess, Jonathan W

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Human Genome, Cancer, Clinical Research, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Genetics, Rare Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Crizotinib, Genomics, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

Identification of effective targeted therapies for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains an unmet medical need. A patient with platinum-refractory recurrent oral cavity HNSCC underwent comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) that identified an activating MET mutation (R1004). The patient was treated with the oral MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib with rapid response to treatment.Based on this index case, we determined the frequency of MET alterations in 1,637 HNSCC samples, which had been analyzed with hybrid capture-based CGP performed in the routine course of clinical care. The specimens were sequenced to a median depth of >500× for all coding exons from 182 (version 1, n = 24), 236 (version 2, n = 326), or 315 (version 3, n = 1,287) cancer-related genes, plus select introns from 14 (version 1), 19 (version 2), or 28 (version 3) genes frequently rearranged in cancer. We identified 13 HNSCC cases (0.79%) with MET alterations (4 point mutation events and 9 focal amplification events). MET-mutant or amplified tumors represent a small but potentially actionable molecular subset of HNSCC. KEY POINTS: This case report is believed to be the first reported pan-cancer case of a patient harboring a MET mutation at R1004 demonstrating a clinical response to crizotinib, in addition to the first documented case of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with any MET alteration responding to crizotinib.The positive response to MET inhibition in this patient highlights the significance of comprehensive genomic profiling in advanced metastatic HNSCC to identify actionable targetable molecular alterations as current treatment options are limited.

Published
2019

21. Trauma in pregnant women: assessing detection of post-traumatic placental abruption on contrast-enhanced CT versus ultrasound

Author

Jha, Priyanka, Melendres, Giselle, Bijan, Bijan, Ormsby, Eleanor, Chu, Lisa, Li, Chin-Shang, and McGahan, John

Subjects
Reproductive Medicine, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biomedical Imaging, Contraception/Reproduction, Pediatric, Conditions Affecting the Embryonic and Fetal Periods, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Reproductive health and childbirth, Abruptio Placentae, Adult, Contrast Media, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Retrospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Ultrasonography, Placental abruption, Trauma, CT, Ultrasound, US, Computed tomography, Clinical Sciences, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging, Clinical sciences
Abstract

ObjectivesTo evaluate detection of post-traumatic placental abruption with contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) and comparison with Ultrasound (US).MethodsPicture Archive and Date System database at a level-1 trauma center was retrospectively reviewed using keywords pregnancy, trauma, and/or placental abruption over 10 years. CT was compared to US, if performed within 24 h. Two subspecialty-trained radiologists blindly reviewed the studies. Placental features on delivery and pregnancy outcomes were used as reference standard. Lack of adverse pregnancy/fetal outcome was treated as the absence of abruption.ResultsCECT was performed in 36 patients, with 27 US within 24 h. There were three complete and eight partial abruptions. Reader sensitivity for CT was 100% for both reviewers; however, specificity was 54.5% and 56.7%. No sonographic abnormality was noted in both partial and complete abruption. Using kappa statistics, inter-observer agreement was low for both CT (0.169) and US (0.078). False-positive reads were from misinterpretation of normal placental structures like cotyledons, age-related infarcts, and marginal sinus of the placenta.ConclusionsCECT identifies post-traumatic placental abruption with high sensitivity but low specificity for clinically significant abruptions, and performs better than US. Pitfalls from normal placental structures mimicking abruption should be avoided. US markedly underdiagnoses abruption.

Published
2017

22. Real‐world impact of adding a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist compared with basal insulin on metabolic targets in adults living with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease already treated with a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor: The Impact GLP‐1 CKD study

Author

Chu, Lisa, Bradley, Ryan M., Auerbach, Pernille, and Abitbol, Alexander

Subjects
*TYPE 2 diabetes, *GLYCEMIC control, *PROPENSITY score matching, *CHRONIC kidney failure, *DIABETES complications, *INSULIN, *SODIUM-glucose cotransporters
Abstract

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of adding a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1 RA) with adding basal insulin among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) already treated with a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) and not reaching their glycaemic control targets. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the Canadian LMC Diabetes Registry was conducted. Adults who initiated a GLP‐1 RA were matched 1:1 to adults who initiated basal insulin in a T2D and CKD population. Changes in metabolic outcomes were evaluated at 26‐52 weeks following the therapy start date. Results: Propensity score matching was used to match participants who initiated a GLP‐1 RA to participants who initiated basal insulin (n = 153/cohort). A significantly greater reduction in HbA1c at 26‐52 weeks of follow‐up was observed in the GLP‐1 RA cohort compared with the basal insulin cohort (−1.3% ± 1.4% vs. −1.1% ± 1.4%, P =.03). Weight was significantly reduced (−3.4 ± 3.7 vs. 2.6 ± 4.5 kg, P <.001), and the estimated glomerular filtration rate decline slowed significantly (−0.3 ± 8.2 vs. −2.4 ± 10.4 mL/min/1.73m2, P =.02), but the change in albuminuria was not significantly different (−5.7 ± 38.1 vs. −0.5 ± 38.3 mg/mmol, P =.47) at follow‐up in the GLP‐1 RA group compared with the basal insulin group. No differences in self‐reported hypoglycaemic events per week and therapy discontinuations were reported between the cohorts. Conclusions: The study shows the real‐world effectiveness of GLP‐1 RA therapy for T2D and CKD. GLP‐1 RAs provided superior reductions in HbA1c and weight, and greater kidney protection, compared with basal insulin among adults with T2D and CKD already treated with an SGLT2i. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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23. A Meta-analysis of Multiple Myeloma Risk Regions in African and European Ancestry Populations Identifies Putatively Functional Loci

Author

Rand, Kristin A, Song, Chi, Dean, Eric, Serie, Daniel J, Curtin, Karen, Sheng, Xin, Hu, Donglei, Huff, Carol Ann, Bernal-Mizrachi, Leon, Tomasson, Michael H, Ailawadhi, Sikander, Singhal, Seema, Pawlish, Karen, Peters, Edward S, Bock, Cathryn H, Stram, Alex, Van Den Berg, David J, Edlund, Christopher K, Conti, David V, Zimmerman, Todd, Hwang, Amie E, Huntsman, Scott, Graff, John, Nooka, Ajay, Kong, Yinfei, Pregja, Silvana L, Berndt, Sonja I, Blot, William J, Carpten, John, Casey, Graham, Chu, Lisa, Diver, W Ryan, Stevens, Victoria L, Lieber, Michael R, Goodman, Phyllis J, Hennis, Anselm JM, Hsing, Ann W, Mehta, Jayesh, Kittles, Rick A, Kolb, Suzanne, Klein, Eric A, Leske, Cristina, Murphy, Adam B, Nemesure, Barbara, Neslund-Dudas, Christine, Strom, Sara S, Vij, Ravi, Rybicki, Benjamin A, Stanford, Janet L, Signorello, Lisa B, Witte, John S, Ambrosone, Christine B, Bhatti, Parveen, John, Esther M, Bernstein, Leslie, Zheng, Wei, Olshan, Andrew F, Hu, Jennifer J, Ziegler, Regina G, Nyante, Sarah J, Bandera, Elisa V, Birmann, Brenda M, Ingles, Sue A, Press, Michael F, Atanackovic, Djordje, Glenn, Martha J, Cannon-Albright, Lisa A, Jones, Brandt, Tricot, Guido, Martin, Thomas G, Kumar, Shaji K, Wolf, Jeffrey L, Deming Halverson, Sandra L, Rothman, Nathaniel, Brooks-Wilson, Angela R, Rajkumar, S Vincent, Kolonel, Laurence N, Chanock, Stephen J, Slager, Susan L, Severson, Richard K, Janakiraman, Nalini, Terebelo, Howard R, Brown, Elizabeth E, De Roos, Anneclaire J, Mohrbacher, Ann F, Colditz, Graham A, Giles, Graham G, Spinelli, John J, Chiu, Brian C, Munshi, Nikhil C, Anderson, Kenneth C, Levy, Joan, Zonder, Jeffrey A, Orlowski, Robert Z, Lonial, Sagar, Camp, Nicola J, Vachon, Celine M, Ziv, Elad, Stram, Daniel O, and Hazelett, Dennis J

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Cancer, Minority Health, Hematology, Clinical Research, Rare Diseases, Prevention, Human Genome, Adult, Aged, Black People, Female, Genetic Loci, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Myeloma, Polycomb Repressive Complex 1, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Repressor Proteins, Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor Protein, White People, Medical and Health Sciences, Epidemiology, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

BackgroundGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) in European populations have identified genetic risk variants associated with multiple myeloma.MethodsWe performed association testing of common variation in eight regions in 1,318 patients with multiple myeloma and 1,480 controls of European ancestry and 1,305 patients with multiple myeloma and 7,078 controls of African ancestry and conducted a meta-analysis to localize the signals, with epigenetic annotation used to predict functionality.ResultsWe found that variants in 7p15.3, 17p11.2, 22q13.1 were statistically significantly (P < 0.05) associated with multiple myeloma risk in persons of African ancestry and persons of European ancestry, and the variant in 3p22.1 was associated in European ancestry only. In a combined African ancestry-European ancestry meta-analysis, variation in five regions (2p23.3, 3p22.1, 7p15.3, 17p11.2, 22q13.1) was statistically significantly associated with multiple myeloma risk. In 3p22.1, the correlated variants clustered within the gene body of ULK4 Correlated variants in 7p15.3 clustered around an enhancer at the 3' end of the CDCA7L transcription termination site. A missense variant at 17p11.2 (rs34562254, Pro251Leu, OR, 1.32; P = 2.93 × 10-7) in TNFRSF13B encodes a lymphocyte-specific protein in the TNF receptor family that interacts with the NF-κB pathway. SNPs correlated with the index signal in 22q13.1 cluster around the promoter and enhancer regions of CBX7 CONCLUSIONS: We found that reported multiple myeloma susceptibility regions contain risk variants important across populations, supporting the use of multiple racial/ethnic groups with different underlying genetic architecture to enhance the localization and identification of putatively functional alleles.ImpactA subset of reported risk loci for multiple myeloma has consistent effects across populations and is likely to be functional. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(12); 1609-18. ©2016 AACR.

Published
2016

24. Prostate Cancer Susceptibility in Men of African Ancestry at 8q24

Author

Han, Ying, Rand, Kristin A, Hazelett, Dennis J, Ingles, Sue A, Kittles, Rick A, Strom, Sara S, Rybicki, Benjamin A, Nemesure, Barbara, Isaacs, William B, Stanford, Janet L, Zheng, Wei, Schumacher, Fredrick R, Berndt, Sonja I, Wang, Zhaoming, Xu, Jianfeng, Rohland, Nadin, Reich, David, Tandon, Arti, Pasaniuc, Bogdan, Allen, Alex, Quinque, Dominique, Mallick, Swapan, Notani, Dimple, Rosenfeld, Michael G, Jayani, Ranveer Singh, Kolb, Suzanne, Gapstur, Susan M, Stevens, Victoria L, Pettaway, Curtis A, Yeboah, Edward D, Tettey, Yao, Biritwum, Richard B, Adjei, Andrew A, Tay, Evelyn, Truelove, Ann, Niwa, Shelley, Chokkalingam, Anand P, John, Esther M, Murphy, Adam B, Signorello, Lisa B, Carpten, John, Leske, M Cristina, Wu, Suh-Yuh, Hennis, Anslem JM, Neslund-Dudas, Christine, Hsing, Ann W, Chu, Lisa, Goodman, Phyllis J, Klein, Eric A, Zheng, S Lilly, Witte, John S, Casey, Graham, Lubwama, Alex, Pooler, Loreall C, Sheng, Xin, Coetzee, Gerhard A, Cook, Michael B, Chanock, Stephen J, Stram, Daniel O, Watya, Stephen, Blot, William J, Conti, David V, Henderson, Brian E, and Haiman, Christopher A

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Clinical Research, Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Aging, Urologic Diseases, Human Genome, Prevention, Genetics, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Black or African American, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Prostatic Neoplasms, RNA, Long Noncoding, United States, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

The 8q24 region harbors multiple risk variants for distinct cancers, including >8 for prostate cancer. In this study, we conducted fine mapping of the 8q24 risk region (127.8-128.8Mb) in search of novel associations with common and rare variation in 4853 prostate cancer case patients and 4678 control subjects of African ancestry. All statistical tests were two-sided. We identified three independent associations at P values of less than 5.00×10(-8), all of which were replicated in studies from Ghana and Uganda (combined sample = 5869 case patients, 5615 control subjects; rs114798100: risk allele frequency [RAF] = 0.04, per-allele odds ratio [OR] = 2.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.04 to 2.61, P = 2.38×10(-40); rs72725879: RAF = 0.33, OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.30 to 1.45, P = 3.04×10(-27); and rs111906932: RAF = 0.03, OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.53 to 2.08, P = 1.39×10(-13)). Risk variants rs114798100 and rs111906923 are only found in men of African ancestry, with rs111906923 representing a novel association signal. The three variants are located within or near a number of prostate cancer-associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), including PRNCR1, PCAT1, and PCAT2. These findings highlight ancestry-specific risk variation and implicate prostate-specific lncRNAs at the 8q24 prostate cancer susceptibility region.

Published
2016

25. Atlas of prostate cancer heritability in European and African-American men pinpoints tissue-specific regulation.

Author

Gusev, Alexander, Shi, Huwenbo, Kichaev, Gleb, Pomerantz, Mark, Li, Fugen, Long, Henry W, Ingles, Sue A, Kittles, Rick A, Strom, Sara S, Rybicki, Benjamin A, Nemesure, Barbara, Isaacs, William B, Zheng, Wei, Pettaway, Curtis A, Yeboah, Edward D, Tettey, Yao, Biritwum, Richard B, Adjei, Andrew A, Tay, Evelyn, Truelove, Ann, Niwa, Shelley, Chokkalingam, Anand P, John, Esther M, Murphy, Adam B, Signorello, Lisa B, Carpten, John, Leske, M Cristina, Wu, Suh-Yuh, Hennis, Anslem JM, Neslund-Dudas, Christine, Hsing, Ann W, Chu, Lisa, Goodman, Phyllis J, Klein, Eric A, Witte, John S, Casey, Graham, Kaggwa, Sam, Cook, Michael B, Stram, Daniel O, Blot, William J, Eeles, Rosalind A, Easton, Douglas, Kote-Jarai, Zsofia, Al Olama, Ali Amin, Benlloch, Sara, Muir, Kenneth, Giles, Graham G, Southey, Melissa C, Fitzgerald, Liesel M, Gronberg, Henrik, Wiklund, Fredrik, Aly, Markus, Henderson, Brian E, Schleutker, Johanna, Wahlfors, Tiina, Tammela, Teuvo LJ, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Key, Tim J, Travis, Ruth C, Neal, David E, Donovan, Jenny L, Hamdy, Freddie C, Pharoah, Paul, Pashayan, Nora, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Stanford, Janet L, Thibodeau, Stephen N, McDonnell, Shannon K, Schaid, Daniel J, Maier, Christiane, Vogel, Walther, Luedeke, Manuel, Herkommer, Kathleen, Kibel, Adam S, Cybulski, Cezary, Wokolorczyk, Dominika, Kluzniak, Wojciech, Cannon-Albright, Lisa, Teerlink, Craig, Brenner, Hermann, Dieffenbach, Aida K, Arndt, Volker, Park, Jong Y, Sellers, Thomas A, Lin, Hui-Yi, Slavov, Chavdar, Kaneva, Radka, Mitev, Vanio, Batra, Jyotsna, Spurdle, Amanda, Clements, Judith A, Teixeira, Manuel R, Pandha, Hardev, Michael, Agnieszka, Paulo, Paula, Maia, Sofia, Kierzek, Andrzej, PRACTICAL consortium, Conti, David V, and Albanes, Demetrius

Subjects
PRACTICAL consortium, Cell Line, Tumor, Humans, Prostatic Neoplasms, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Histones, Epigenesis, Genetic, Acetylation, Inheritance Patterns, Linkage Disequilibrium, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, African Americans, European Continental Ancestry Group, Male, Atlases as Topic, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genetic Loci, Cell Line, Tumor, Epigenesis, Genetic, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Abstract

Although genome-wide association studies have identified over 100 risk loci that explain ∼33% of familial risk for prostate cancer (PrCa), their functional effects on risk remain largely unknown. Here we use genotype data from 59,089 men of European and African American ancestries combined with cell-type-specific epigenetic data to build a genomic atlas of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability in PrCa. We find significant differences in heritability between variants in prostate-relevant epigenetic marks defined in normal versus tumour tissue as well as between tissue and cell lines. The majority of SNP heritability lies in regions marked by H3k27 acetylation in prostate adenoc7arcinoma cell line (LNCaP) or by DNaseI hypersensitive sites in cancer cell lines. We find a high degree of similarity between European and African American ancestries suggesting a similar genetic architecture from common variation underlying PrCa risk. Our findings showcase the power of integrating functional annotation with genetic data to understand the genetic basis of PrCa.

Published
2016

27. Integration of multiethnic fine-mapping and genomic annotation to prioritize candidate functional SNPs at prostate cancer susceptibility regions

Author

Han, Ying, Hazelett, Dennis J, Wiklund, Fredrik, Schumacher, Fredrick R, Stram, Daniel O, Berndt, Sonja I, Wang, Zhaoming, Rand, Kristin A, Hoover, Robert N, Machiela, Mitchell J, Yeager, Merideth, Burdette, Laurie, Chung, Charles C, Hutchinson, Amy, Yu, Kai, Xu, Jianfeng, Travis, Ruth C, Key, Timothy J, Siddiq, Afshan, Canzian, Federico, Takahashi, Atsushi, Kubo, Michiaki, Stanford, Janet L, Kolb, Suzanne, Gapstur, Susan M, Diver, W Ryan, Stevens, Victoria L, Strom, Sara S, Pettaway, Curtis A, Olama, Ali Amin Al, Kote-Jarai, Zsofia, Eeles, Rosalind A, Yeboah, Edward D, Tettey, Yao, Biritwum, Richard B, Adjei, Andrew A, Tay, Evelyn, Truelove, Ann, Niwa, Shelley, Chokkalingam, Anand P, Isaacs, William B, Chen, Constance, Lindstrom, Sara, Le Marchand, Loic, Giovannucci, Edward L, Pomerantz, Mark, Long, Henry, Li, Fugen, Ma, Jing, Stampfer, Meir, John, Esther M, Ingles, Sue A, Kittles, Rick A, Murphy, Adam B, Blot, William J, Signorello, Lisa B, Zheng, Wei, Albanes, Demetrius, Virtamo, Jarmo, Weinstein, Stephanie, Nemesure, Barbara, Carpten, John, Leske, M Cristina, Wu, Suh-Yuh, Hennis, Anselm JM, Rybicki, Benjamin A, Neslund-Dudas, Christine, Hsing, Ann W, Chu, Lisa, Goodman, Phyllis J, Klein, Eric A, Zheng, S Lilly, Witte, John S, Casey, Graham, Riboli, Elio, Li, Qiyuan, Freedman, Matthew L, Hunter, David J, Gronberg, Henrik, Cook, Michael B, Nakagawa, Hidewaki, Kraft, Peter, Chanock, Stephen J, Easton, Douglas F, Henderson, Brian E, Coetzee, Gerhard A, Conti, David V, and Haiman, Christopher A

Subjects
Cancer, Human Genome, Biotechnology, Genetics, Urologic Diseases, Prostate Cancer, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Asian People, Black People, Chromosome Mapping, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Linkage Disequilibrium, Male, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Prostatic Neoplasms, Quantitative Trait Loci, White People, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity
Abstract

Interpretation of biological mechanisms underlying genetic risk associations for prostate cancer is complicated by the relatively large number of risk variants (n = 100) and the thousands of surrogate SNPs in linkage disequilibrium. Here, we combined three distinct approaches: multiethnic fine-mapping, putative functional annotation (based upon epigenetic data and genome-encoded features), and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses, in an attempt to reduce this complexity. We examined 67 risk regions using genotyping and imputation-based fine-mapping in populations of European (cases/controls: 8600/6946), African (cases/controls: 5327/5136), Japanese (cases/controls: 2563/4391) and Latino (cases/controls: 1034/1046) ancestry. Markers at 55 regions passed a region-specific significance threshold (P-value cutoff range: 3.9 × 10(-4)-5.6 × 10(-3)) and in 30 regions we identified markers that were more significantly associated with risk than the previously reported variants in the multiethnic sample. Novel secondary signals (P < 5.0 × 10(-6)) were also detected in two regions (rs13062436/3q21 and rs17181170/3p12). Among 666 variants in the 55 regions with P-values within one order of magnitude of the most-associated marker, 193 variants (29%) in 48 regions overlapped with epigenetic or other putative functional marks. In 11 of the 55 regions, cis-eQTLs were detected with nearby genes. For 12 of the 55 regions (22%), the most significant region-specific, prostate-cancer associated variant represented the strongest candidate functional variant based on our annotations; the number of regions increased to 20 (36%) and 27 (49%) when examining the 2 and 3 most significantly associated variants in each region, respectively. These results have prioritized subsets of candidate variants for downstream functional evaluation.

Published
2015

28. Generalizability of established prostate cancer risk variants in men of African ancestry

Author

Han, Ying, Signorello, Lisa B, Strom, Sara S, Kittles, Rick A, Rybicki, Benjamin A, Stanford, Janet L, Goodman, Phyllis J, Berndt, Sonja I, Carpten, John, Casey, Graham, Chu, Lisa, Conti, David V, Rand, Kristin A, Diver, W Ryan, Hennis, Anselm JM, John, Esther M, Kibel, Adam S, Klein, Eric A, Kolb, Suzanne, Le Marchand, Loic, Leske, M Cristina, Murphy, Adam B, Neslund‐Dudas, Christine, Park, Jong Y, Pettaway, Curtis, Rebbeck, Timothy R, Gapstur, Susan M, Zheng, S Lilly, Wu, Suh‐Yuh, Witte, John S, Xu, Jianfeng, Isaacs, William, Ingles, Sue A, Hsing, Ann, Consortium, The PRACTICAL, Consortium, The ELLIPSE GAME‐ON, Easton, Douglas F, Eeles, Rosalind A, Schumacher, Fredrick R, Chanock, Stephen, Nemesure, Barbara, Blot, William J, Stram, Daniel O, Henderson, Brian E, and Haiman, Christopher A

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Aging, Prevention, Genetics, Human Genome, Clinical Research, Urologic Diseases, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Black People, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Follow-Up Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Male, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Prognosis, Prostatic Neoplasms, Risk Factors, prostate cancer, genetic risk variant, generalizability, African ancestry, PRACTICAL Consortium, ELLIPSE GAME-ON Consortium, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

Genome-wide association studies have identified more than 80 risk variants for prostate cancer, mainly in European or Asian populations. The generalizability of these variants in other racial/ethnic populations needs to be understood before the loci can be used widely in risk modeling. In our study, we examined 82 previously reported risk variants in 4,853 prostate cancer cases and 4,678 controls of African ancestry. We performed association testing for each variant using logistic regression adjusted for age, study and global ancestry. Of the 82 known risk variants, 68 (83%) had effects that were directionally consistent in their association with prostate cancer risk and 30 (37%) were significantly associated with risk at p < 0.05, with the most statistically significant variants being rs116041037 (p = 3.7 × 10(-26) ) and rs6983561 (p = 1.1 × 10(-16) ) at 8q24, as well as rs7210100 (p = 5.4 × 10(-8) ) at 17q21. By exploring each locus in search of better markers, the number of variants that captured risk in men of African ancestry (p < 0.05) increased from 30 (37%) to 44 (54%). An aggregate score comprised of these 44 markers was strongly associated with prostate cancer risk [per-allele odds ratio (OR) = 1.12, p = 7.3 × 10(-98) ]. In summary, the consistent directions of effects for the vast majority of variants in men of African ancestry indicate common functional alleles that are shared across populations. Further exploration of these susceptibility loci is needed to identify the underlying biologically relevant variants to improve prostate cancer risk modeling in populations of African ancestry.

Published
2015

29. Imputation and subset-based association analysis across different cancer types identifies multiple independent risk loci in the TERT-CLPTM1L region on chromosome 5p15.33

Author

Wang, Zhaoming, Zhu, Bin, Zhang, Mingfeng, Parikh, Hemang, Jia, Jinping, Chung, Charles C, Sampson, Joshua N, Hoskins, Jason W, Hutchinson, Amy, Burdette, Laurie, Ibrahim, Abdisamad, Hautman, Christopher, Raj, Preethi S, Abnet, Christian C, Adjei, Andrew A, Ahlbom, Anders, Albanes, Demetrius, Allen, Naomi E, Ambrosone, Christine B, Aldrich, Melinda, Amiano, Pilar, Amos, Christopher, Andersson, Ulrika, Andriole, Gerald, Andrulis, Irene L, Arici, Cecilia, Arslan, Alan A, Austin, Melissa A, Baris, Dalsu, Barkauskas, Donald A, Bassig, Bryan A, Beane Freeman, Laura E, Berg, Christine D, Berndt, Sonja I, Bertazzi, Pier Alberto, Biritwum, Richard B, Black, Amanda, Blot, William, Boeing, Heiner, Boffetta, Paolo, Bolton, Kelly, Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine, Bracci, Paige M, Brennan, Paul, Brinton, Louise A, Brotzman, Michelle, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas, Buring, Julie E, Butler, Mary Ann, Cai, Qiuyin, Cancel-Tassin, Geraldine, Canzian, Federico, Cao, Guangwen, Caporaso, Neil E, Carrato, Alfredo, Carreon, Tania, Carta, Angela, Chang, Gee-Chen, Chang, I-Shou, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Che, Xu, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Chih-Yi, Chen, Chung-Hsing, Chen, Constance, Chen, Kuan-Yu, Chen, Yuh-Min, Chokkalingam, Anand P, Chu, Lisa W, Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise, Colditz, Graham A, Colt, Joanne S, Conti, David, Cook, Michael B, Cortessis, Victoria K, Crawford, E David, Cussenot, Olivier, Davis, Faith G, De Vivo, Immaculata, Deng, Xiang, Ding, Ti, Dinney, Colin P, Di Stefano, Anna Luisa, Diver, W Ryan, Duell, Eric J, Elena, Joanne W, Fan, Jin-Hu, Feigelson, Heather Spencer, Feychting, Maria, Figueroa, Jonine D, Flanagan, Adrienne M, Fraumeni, Joseph F, Freedman, Neal D, Fridley, Brooke L, Fuchs, Charles S, Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, Gallinger, Steven, Gao, Yu-Tang, Gapstur, Susan M, and Garcia-Closas, Montserrat

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Human Genome, Cancer, Prevention, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Alleles, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5, Computational Biology, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Gene Frequency, Genetic Loci, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Male, Membrane Proteins, Neoplasm Proteins, Neoplasms, Odds Ratio, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk, Telomerase, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity
Abstract

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped risk alleles for at least 10 distinct cancers to a small region of 63 000 bp on chromosome 5p15.33. This region harbors the TERT and CLPTM1L genes; the former encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase reverse transcriptase and the latter may play a role in apoptosis. To investigate further the genetic architecture of common susceptibility alleles in this region, we conducted an agnostic subset-based meta-analysis (association analysis based on subsets) across six distinct cancers in 34 248 cases and 45 036 controls. Based on sequential conditional analysis, we identified as many as six independent risk loci marked by common single-nucleotide polymorphisms: five in the TERT gene (Region 1: rs7726159, P = 2.10 × 10(-39); Region 3: rs2853677, P = 3.30 × 10(-36) and PConditional = 2.36 × 10(-8); Region 4: rs2736098, P = 3.87 × 10(-12) and PConditional = 5.19 × 10(-6), Region 5: rs13172201, P = 0.041 and PConditional = 2.04 × 10(-6); and Region 6: rs10069690, P = 7.49 × 10(-15) and PConditional = 5.35 × 10(-7)) and one in the neighboring CLPTM1L gene (Region 2: rs451360; P = 1.90 × 10(-18) and PConditional = 7.06 × 10(-16)). Between three and five cancers mapped to each independent locus with both risk-enhancing and protective effects. Allele-specific effects on DNA methylation were seen for a subset of risk loci, indicating that methylation and subsequent effects on gene expression may contribute to the biology of risk variants on 5p15.33. Our results provide strong support for extensive pleiotropy across this region of 5p15.33, to an extent not previously observed in other cancer susceptibility loci.

Published
2014

30. High Prevalence of Screen Detected Prostate Cancer in West Africans: Implications for Racial Disparity of Prostate Cancer

Author

Hsing, Ann W, Yeboah, Edward, Biritwum, Richard, Tettey, Yao, De Marzo, Angelo M, Adjei, Andrew, Netto, George J, Yu, Kai, Li, Yan, Chokkalingam, Anand P, Chu, Lisa W, Chia, David, Partin, Alan, Thompson, Ian M, Quraishi, Sabah M, Niwa, Shelley, Tarone, Robert, and Hoover, Robert N

Subjects
Clinical Research, Prostate Cancer, Urologic Diseases, Genetics, Cancer, Aging, Prevention, Black or African American, Aged, Black People, Ghana, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Prostate-Specific Antigen, Prostatic Neoplasms, Africa, African Americans, mass screening, prostate-specific antigen, prostatic neoplasms
Abstract

PurposeTo our knowledge the reasons for the high rates of prostate cancer in black American men are unknown. Genetic and lifestyle factors have been implicated. Better understanding of prostate cancer rates in West African men would help clarify why black American men have such high rates since the groups share genetic ancestry and yet have different lifestyles and screening practices. To estimate the prostate cancer burden in West African men we performed a population based screening study with biopsy confirmation in Ghana.Materials and methodsWe randomly selected 1,037 healthy men 50 to 74 years old from Accra, Ghana for prostate cancer screening with prostate specific antigen testing and digital rectal examination. Men with a positive screen result (positive digital rectal examination or prostate specific antigen greater than 2.5 ng/ml) underwent transrectal ultrasound guided biopsies.ResultsOf the 1,037 men 154 (14.9%) had a positive digital rectal examination and 272 (26.2%) had prostate specific antigen greater than 2.5 ng/ml, including 166 with prostate specific antigen greater than 4.0 ng/ml. A total of 352 men (33.9%) had a positive screen by prostate specific antigen or digital rectal examination and 307 (87%) underwent biopsy. Of these men 73 were confirmed to have prostate cancer, yielding a 7.0% screen detected prostate cancer prevalence (65 patients), including 5.8% with prostate specific antigen greater than 4.0 ng/ml.ConclusionsIn this relatively unscreened population in Africa the screen detected prostate cancer prevalence is high, suggesting a possible role of genetics in prostate cancer etiology and the disparity in prostate cancer risk between black and white American men. Further studies are needed to confirm the high prostate cancer burden in African men and the role of genetics in prostate cancer etiology.

Published
2014

35. Medical students' perceived comfort and competence performing physical examinations on patients with obesity: A mixed‐methods needs assessment

Author

Tenedero, Christine B., primary, O'Brien, Kathleen T., additional, Patel, Barkha P., additional, Strom, Michele, additional, Deveci, Arin C., additional, Chu, Lisa, additional, Jayawardena, Sanasi, additional, Noseworthy, Rebecca, additional, McPherson, Amy C., additional, Walsh, Catharine M., additional, and Hamilton, Jill K., additional

Published
2023
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37. Supplemental Table 1 from Sex Steroid Hormone Metabolism in Relation to Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer

Author

Black, Amanda, primary, Pinsky, Paul F., primary, Grubb, Robert L., primary, Falk, Roni T., primary, Hsing, Ann W., primary, Chu, Lisa, primary, Meyer, Tamra, primary, Veenstra, Timothy D., primary, Xu, Xia, primary, Yu, Kai, primary, Ziegler, Regina G., primary, Brinton, Louise A., primary, Hoover, Robert N., primary, and Cook, Michael B., primary

Published
2023
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38. Supplementary Table 1 from Association between Genetic Variants in the 8q24 Cancer Risk Regions and Circulating Levels of Androgens and Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin

Author

Chu, Lisa W., primary, Meyer, Tamra E., primary, Li, Qizhai, primary, Menashe, Idan, primary, Yu, Kai, primary, Rosenberg, Philip S., primary, Huang, Wen-Yi, primary, Quraishi, Sabah M., primary, Kaaks, Rudolf, primary, Weiss, Jocelyn M., primary, Hayes, Richard B., primary, Chanock, Stephen J., primary, and Hsing, Ann W., primary

Published
2023
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39. Supplemental Table 2 from Sex Steroid Hormone Metabolism in Relation to Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer

Author

Black, Amanda, primary, Pinsky, Paul F., primary, Grubb, Robert L., primary, Falk, Roni T., primary, Hsing, Ann W., primary, Chu, Lisa, primary, Meyer, Tamra, primary, Veenstra, Timothy D., primary, Xu, Xia, primary, Yu, Kai, primary, Ziegler, Regina G., primary, Brinton, Louise A., primary, Hoover, Robert N., primary, and Cook, Michael B., primary

Published
2023
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48. Movie Review: Wakanda Forever

Author

Chu, Lisa

Subjects
Black Panther (Motion picture), Motion pictures -- Movie reviews, News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Lisa Chu The second Black Panther movie revolved around T'Challa's death and how Wakanda carries on after his legacy. The movie was heavily laced with tributes to the late [...]

Published
2022

49. My Exponent Infiltration

Author

Chu, Lisa

Subjects
News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Lisa Chu I gladly present my notes on the Exponent after my months-long investigation. I am a graduating senior with a double major in English-Professional Writing and English-Literature and [...]

Published
2022

50. English Second Language Classes in Dounda Hall

Author

Chu, Lisa

Subjects
English as a second language -- Study and teaching, News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Lisa Chu UW-Platteville offers ESL, English as a Second Language, classes Tuesday and Thursday evenings from 6-8pm free for community members and students. Those who teach these courses are [...]

Published
2022

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