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Abstract Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major risk factor of gastric cancer (GC). The SUMO-activating enzyme SAE1(SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 1), which is indispensable for protein SUMOylation, involves in human tumorigenesis. In this study, we used the TIMER and TCGA database to explore the SAE1 expression in GC and normal tissues and Kaplan–Meier Plotter platform for survival analysis of GC patients. GC tissue microarray and gastric samples from patients who underwent endoscopic treatment were employed to detect the SAE1expression. Our results showed that SAE1 was overexpressed in GC tissues and higher SAE1 expression was associated with worse clinical characteristics of GC patients. Cell and animal models showed that H. pylori infection upregulated SAE1, SUMO1, and SUMO2/3 protein expression. Functional assays suggested that suppression of SAE1 attenuated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers and cell proliferation abilities induced by H. pylori. Cell and animal models of ROS inhibition in H. pylori showed that ROS could mediate the H. pylori-induced upregulation of SAE1, SUMO1, and SUMO2/3 protein. RNA sequencing was performed and suggested that knockdown of SAE1 could exert an impact on IGF-1 expression. General, increased SUMOylation modification is involved in H. pylori-induced GC.

Abstract Background Gastric cancer has attracted widespread attention on social media due to its high incidence and severity. The Bilibili, TikTok, and YouTube video-sharing platforms have received considerable interest among general health consumers. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether the information in videos on these platforms is of satisfactory content and quality. Methods A total of 300 eligible videos related to gastric cancer were screened from three video-sharing platforms, Bilibili, TikTok, and YouTube, for assessment and analysis. First, the basic information presented in the videos was recorded. Next, we identified the source and content type of each video. Then, the Global Quality Scale (GQS), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), and Modified DISCERN were used to assess the educational content and quality of each video. A comparative analysis was undertaken of the videos procured from these three sources. Results We identified six categories of uploaders of the 300 videos: 159 videos (53%) were uploaded by health professionals, 21 videos (7%) by users in science communications, 29 videos (9.67%) by general users, 27 videos (9%) from news agencies, 63 videos (12%) by nonprofit organizations, and one video (0.33%) by a for-profit organization. In terms of the content types of the 300 videos, we identified five distinct categories. There were 48 videos (16%) on early signals, 12 videos (4%) on late symptoms, 40 videos (13.33%) on etiologies and causations, 160 videos (53.33%) on scientific introductions, and 40 videos (13.33%) on treatment methods. The overall quality of the videos was evaluated by the GQS, JAMA, and Modified DISCERN and was found to be medium, with scores of 2.6/5, 2.41/4, and 2.71/5 points, respectively. Conclusions This innovative study demonstrates that videos on social media platforms can help the public learn about early signals, late symptoms, treatment methods, etiologies and causations, and scientific introductions of gastric cancer. However, both the content and quality of uploaded recordings are inadequate currently. More efforts should be made to enhance the content and quality of videos on gastric cancer and to increase public awareness.

Abstract The role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of host mRNA during bacterial infection is unclear. Here, we show that Helicobacter pylori infection upregulates host m6A methylases and increases m6A levels in gastric epithelial cells. Reducing m6A methylase activity via hemizygotic deletion of methylase-encoding gene Mettl3 in mice, or via small interfering RNAs targeting m6A methylases, enhances H. pylori colonization. We identify LOX-1 mRNA as a key m6A-regulated target during H. pylori infection. m6A modification destabilizes LOX-1 mRNA and reduces LOX-1 protein levels. LOX-1 acts as a membrane receptor for H. pylori catalase and contributes to bacterial adhesion. Pharmacological inhibition of LOX-1, or genetic ablation of Lox-1, reduces H. pylori colonization. Moreover, deletion of the bacterial catalase gene decreases adhesion of H. pylori to human gastric sections. Our results indicate that m6A modification of host LOX-1 mRNA contributes to protection against H. pylori infection by downregulating LOX-1 and thus reducing H. pylori adhesion.

An appropriate wound dressing is necessary to enhance the recovery of wounds and the restoration of tissue after the skin gets injured. In this study, a hollow porous microfiber (HPMF) scaffold composed of a combination of polylactic acid (PLA)/polybutylene adipate/butylene terephthalate (PBAT)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was developed using coaxial electrospinning for wound healing. The porous structure of PLA/PBAT HPMFs was formed by dissolving PVA in water. The results showed that when maintaining a PLA: PBAT weight ratio of 7:3, high-quality porous PLA/PBAT composites were achieved, leading to a 36.25% increase in toughness and a 4.9% increase in biodegradability compared to pure PLA. Furthermore, in vivo wound healing assays suggest that composites successfully loaded can effectively promote wound healing on the 13th day. Therefore, this work underscores the significant potential of PLA/PBAT HPMF dressing for wound repair.

Abstract Transvaginal small bowel evisceration is a life-threatening condition, which is usually seen in postmenopausal women with a history of gynecological surgery. Cervical loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is widely used in the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and its surgical risk and postoperative complications are relatively low because of the simplicity of the operation. However, improper operation may result in perforation of the uterus, which can cause prolapse of the small bowel into the vagina. We here reported an extremely rare case of a young woman with transvaginal small bowel evisceration after cervical LEEP, achieving a good prognosis after the prolapsed bowel was reduced. The patient underwent cervical LEEP as a treatment for CIN III, but the LEEP resulted in a laceration of about 4.0 cm × 3.5 cm on the peritoneum of the uterovesical peritoneal reflection and a laceration of about 2.0 cm × 1.5 cm on the anterior wall of the cervical canal. Through the two lacerations, the pelvic cavity is connected to the vagina and the small intestine prolapsed into the vagina. Due to aggressive surgical intervention, the patient achieved a favorable prognosis after successfully reducing the prolapsed bowel.

ABSTRACTH. pylori infection is the strongest known risk factor for gastric carcinoma. The activation of the yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) and β-catenin pathways has been associated with multiple tumor types. In this study, we investigated the crosstalk between the YAP and β-catenin pathways in H. pylori-associated gastric tumorigenesis. Immunohistochemical analysis of YAP and β-catenin expression was performed in human gastric cancer tissues. The small molecules Super-TDU and KYA1797K, pharmacological inhibitors of YAP and β-catenin, respectively, were used to investigate the role of these signaling pathways in H. pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis in murine models of infection. The common downstream targets of YAP and β-catenin signaling were evaluated by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Western blot, immunofluorescence, luciferase, RT-PCR, immunoprecipitation, cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), EdU and spheroid assays were used. H. pylori infection promoted YAP and β-catenin nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity in gastric epithelial cells and transgenic insulin–gastrin (INS-GAS) mice, whereas silencing of both YAP and β-catenin synergistically inhibited H. pylori-induced cell proliferation and expansion. In addition, YAP was found to directly interact with β-catenin and knockdown of YAP suppressed H. pylori-induced nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Moreover, downstream genes caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX2), leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) and RuvB like AAA ATPase 1 (RUVBL1) were shared by both YAP and β-catenin signaling. Furthermore, treatment with the YAP inhibitor Super-TDU or β-catenin inhibitor KYA1797A significantly alleviated gastric inflammation and epithelial DNA damage in H. pylori-infected mice. Finally, the elevation of gastric YAP was positively correlated with β-catenin expression in human gastric cancer tissues. These findings indicate that YAP and β-catenin synergistically promote H. pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis via their physical interaction and reveal that CDX2, LGR5 and RUVBL1 are the downstream genes shared by both the YAP and β-catenin signaling pathways, and potentially contribute to H. pylori pathogenesis.

AIM: To investigate the effect of phacoemulsification with steep meridian transparent corneal incision on visual function, corneal astigmatism and tear film changes.METHODS: A total of 106 cataract patients(106 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected as research objects, and they were divided into observation group and control group according to the operation mode: with 51 patients in the observation group who were treated with steep meridian transparent corneal incision, and 55 patients in the control group who were treated with transnasal transparent corneal incision. The changes of visual function, corneal astigmatism and tear film between the two groups were compared before operation and at 1wk, 1 and 3mo after operation.RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the operation of two groups(all P>0.05). The visual acuity was significantly improved at 1wk, 1 and 3mo after operation, and it was better in the observation group than that in the control group. Mean defect(MD)of visual field was significantly lower, and it was significantly lower in the control group(all P0.05); Schirmer Ⅰ test(SⅠt)value increased first and then decreased, and the valley value was at 1wk after operation; Tear film break-up time(BUT)decreased first and then increased, and the valley value was at 1wk after operation. SⅠt in the observation group was lower than that in the control group at each time point(all P

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of no placement of urinary catheter after single-port laparoscopic surgery in patients with benign ovarian tumor. Materials and Methods: Patients with benign ovarian tumor who received ovarian cystectomy or oophorectomy via single-port laparoscopic surgery in our department were screened between July 2019 and March 2021. Patients were divided into placement of urinary catheter group or no-placement of urinary catheter group according to whether an indwelling catheter was used after single-port laparoscopic surgery, and length of hospital stay, occurrence of postoperative urinary retention, incidence of urinary tract infection and re-insertion rate of urinary catheters were compared. Results: There was no significant difference in the rate of urinary catheter re-insertion between the two groups (P = 0.431), but a higher incidence of urinary catheter re-insertion was found in the group of dwelling urinary catheter placement. Simultaneously, there were no significant differences in the rates of urinary tract infection and postoperative urinary retention (1.6% vs 0.6%; P = 0.391 and 4.3% vs 6.9%; P = 0.295, respectively) between the two groups, whereas a significant shorter length of hospital stay was observed in the non-urinary catheter group when compared to the urinary catheter group (4.61 ± 1.40 vs 5.23 ± 1.72; p

Abstract Objective Cervical cancer diagnosed during pregnancy is a rare event, and data regarding efficacy of cancer treatment during pregnancy is limited. This study aimed to assess the safety of continuation of the pregnancy for mother and fetus when concomitantly diagnosed with cervical cancer. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed all cervical cancer patients diagnosed while pregnant or immediately postpartum, inclusive from Jan 2010 to June 2019 at our institute. Patient clinical details and follow-up were obtained from hospital records. Results The study comprised 40 patients with clinical cancer stages of IA1 (1/40, 2.5%); IB1 (15/40, 37.5%); IB2 (10/40, 25%); IIA (12/40, 30%); and IIB (2/40, 5%). There were 38 patients diagnosed during pregnancy, and 2 diagnosed in the postpartum period. Of the 38 patients, 17 were diagnosed in the first trimester, 13 in the second trimester, and 8 in the third trimester. 10 of 38 patients (26.3%) continued their pregnancy after learning of their diagnosis; 7 (70%) in the third trimester and 3 (30%) in the second trimester. The mean time from diagnosis to surgery in the patients who continued their pregnancy was 52.7 days, which was statistically significantly greater than the termination of pregnancy group (52.7 vs. 16.3 days, P

Sustained drug release has attracted increasing interest in targeted drug therapy. However, existing methods of drug therapy suffer drug action time, large fluctuations in the effective concentration of the drug, and the risk of side effects. Here, a biodegradable composite of polybutylene adipate co-terephthalate/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PBAT/PVP) consisting of electrospun hollow microspheres as sustained-released drug carriers is presented. The as-prepared PBAT/PVP composites show faster degradation rate and drug (Erlotinib) release than that of PBAT. Furthermore, PBAT/PVP composites loaded with Erlotinib provide sustained release effect, thus achieving a better efficacy than that after the direct injection of erlotinib due to the fact that the composites allow a high drug concentration in the tumor for a longer period. Hence, this work provides a potential effective solution for clinical drug therapy and tissue engineering using drug microspheres with a sustained release.

Abstract Background Immature ovarian teratoma is one of the three common malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. However, immature ovarian teratoma in pregnancy is very rare. Due to the rare occurrence, there is little evidence regarding its diagnosis, optimal management, and prognosis. Hence, we present a case of immature teratoma diagnosed during pregnancy, and analyze its clinicopathological features, management and prognosis. Case presentation A 28-year-old woman underwent a sonographic examination revealed no abnormality in the bilateral adnexal area before 29 weeks gestational age (WGA). At 29 WGA, ultrasound demonstrated a 9.7 × 8.5 × 6.4 cm complex structure in the left adnexal area. At 30 WGA, repeated ultrasound revealed rapid growth of tumor mass, measuring 25.0 × 15.0 × 13.7 cm. An elective cesarean section combined with exploratory laparotomy was performed at 33 WGA. Intraoperative frozen pathological examination suggested left ovarian immature teratoma. Then, she underwent a complete staging surgery. Subsequently, the patient received 4 cycles of bleomycin-etoposide-cisplatin (BEP) chemotherapy. After 18 months of follow-up, there is no sign of tumor recurrence till now. Conclusions This case report suggests that the benefits and risks of timely treatment for patients and fetuses should be fully assessed by a multidisciplinary team. The early diagnosis, the timing of surgery and chemotherapy, the choice of chemotherapy for BEP will determine the prognosis. Surgery and combination chemotherapy with BEP play an important role in the treatment of immature teratomas in pregnancy, and could gain successful and satisfactory outcomes for mother and fetus.

Abstract Background Radical trachelectomy is an acceptable alternative to radical hysterectomy for patients with early-stage cervical cancer who wish to preserve reproductive function. This study is designed to compare the laparoscopic versus abdominal radical trachelectomy and provide oncological and obstetric outcome data on patients who have undergone fertility-sparing surgery. Methods We retrospectively analyzed all early-stage cervical cancer patients who underwent abdominal radical trachelectomy (ART) or laparoscopic radical trachelectomy (LRT) between January 2005 and June 2017 in West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University. Patients' clinical details and follow-up were obtained from hospital records. Results A total of 33 patients (5 with IA1, 2 with IA2, and 26 with 1B1) were included, including 18 patients treated with ART and 15 patients treated with LRT. The median age at initial diagnosis was 30.00 ± 4.30 years (range 22–39). The mean follow-up time was 74.67 months. Among the 33 patients, 2 patients (6.06%, 1 abdominal/1 laparoscopic) developed recurrence, and there are no evidence of disease for the remaining 31 patients till now. The overall survival rate 96.99% (32/33). The LRT group had a shorter hospital stay (P = 0.01) and less blood loss (P

Background and aimWe previously reported that vonoprazan-amoxicillin (VA) dual therapy for 7 or 10 days is not satisfactorily efficacious for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication. We aimed to explore the efficacy of VA dual therapy for 14 days as a first-line treatment for H. pylori infection.MethodsThis was a single center, prospective, open-labeled, randomized non-inferiority clinical study conducted in China. Treatment naïve H. pylori infected patients were randomized into two groups: 20 mg vonoprazan (VPZ) b.i.d. in combination with low-dose (1000 mg b.i.d.) or high-dose (1000 mg t.i.d) amoxicillin for 14 days. 13C-urea breath tests were used to access the cure rate at least 4 weeks after treatment.ResultsA total of 154 patients were assessed and 110 subjects were randomized. The eradication rate of VPZ with b.i.d. amoxicillin or t.i.d. amoxicillin for 14 days was 89.1% and 87.3% by intention-to-treat analysis, respectively, and 94.1% and 95.9% by per-protocol analysis, respectively. The eradication rate and incidence of adverse events were not different between the two groups.ConclusionVPZ with b.i.d. or t.i.d. amoxicillin for 14 days provides satisfactory efficacy as a first-line treatment for H. pylori infection in China.

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC)is the third most common cancer in the world and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and over the past two decades, many of these researchers have provided a substantial amount of important information on the role of gut microbes in the development and progression of CRC. A causal relationship between the presence of specific microorganisms and CRC development has also been validated. Although a large number of papers related to this area have been published, no bibliometric study has been conducted to review the current state of research in this area and to highlight the research trends and hotspots in this area. This study aims to analyze the current status and future research trends of gut microbiota and CRC through bibliometric analysis.MethodsPublications from 2001 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database and screened according to inclusion criteria. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were used to visualize the research trends in this field, including the analysis of title, country, institution, author, number of publications, year of publication, number of citations, journal, and H-index.ResultsA total of 863 studies were eventually identified, and the articles retrieved were cited an average of 44.85 times each. The number of publications on this topic has been increased steadily since 2011. China and the USA have made the largest contribution in the field. FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY is the top productive journal with 26 papers, and Gut journal has the highest average citation (167.23). Shanghai Jiao Tong University is the most contributive institution. Professor Yu J, Sung, Joseph J. Y and Fang JY are the most productive authors in this field. Keyword co-occurrence analysis showed that the terms of “Gut Microbiota”, “Colorectal Cancer”, “Inflammation”, “Probiotic” and “Fusobacterium Nucleatum” were the most frequent, which revealed the research hotpots and trends in this field.ConclusionsThere has been a growing number of publications over the past two decades according to the global trends. China and the USA still maintained the leading position in this field. However, collaboration between institutions needs to be strengthened. It’s commended to pay attention to the latest hotspots, such as “F. nucleatum” and “probiotics”. This bibliometric analysis evaluates the scope and trends of gut microbiota and CRC, providing a useful perspective on current research and future directions for studying the link between the gut microbiota and CRC.

Abstract Background We have improved and named a new reverse rolling-mat type lymph node dissection, which effectively solves the dilemma faced by the traditional lymph node dissection in hand-assisted laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy through the optimization of the surgical procedure. However, the relevant clinical data are still scarce. The study aims to compare the clinical effects of two surgical procedure and explore the safety and feasibility of “reverse procedure”. Study design The clinicopathological data of 195 patients who underwent hand-assisted D2 radical total gastrectomy (HALTG) in our hospital from January 2011 to September 2017 were collected. A retrospective case–control study was used to compare the clinical outcomes of the two patterns of lymph node dissection. Among them, 89 patients underwent “cabbage type” lymph node dissection and 106 patients underwent the “reverse procedure” lymph node dissection. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups of patients in terms of gender, age, tumor location, incision length, postoperative hospitalization duration, pathological classification, recent complications, long-term recurrence and metastasis. The operation time of “cabbage type” group was shorter than that of “reverse procedure” group (178.35 ± 31.52 min vs 191.25 ± 32.77 min; P = 0.006). While, in the “reverse procedure” group, intraoperative blood loss was less (249.4 ± 143.12 vs 213.58 ± 101.43; P = 0.049), and there were more numbers of lymph nodes dissected (18.04 ± 7.00 vs 32.25 ± 14.23; P

BackgroundHelicobacter pylori infection is the strongest known risk factor for gastric cancer. The Hippo signaling pathway controls organ size and maintains tissue homeostasis by coordinately regulating cell growth and proliferation. Here, we demonstrate the interactive role of TAZ, the transcriptional coactivator of the Hippo pathway, and beta-catenin in promoting the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection.MethodsTAZ expression was evaluated in human gastric tissues and H. pylori-infected insulin–gastrin (INS-GAS) mice. Western blot, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and RT–PCR assays were performed. Coimmunoprecipitation was performed to examine the interaction between TAZ and β-catenin. TAZ and β-catenin were silenced using small interfering RNAs. HA-β-catenin and Flag-TAZ were constructed.ResultsIncreased TAZ was noted in human gastric cancer tissues compared to chronic gastritis tissues and in H. pylori-positive gastritis tissues compared to H. pylori-negative gastritis tissues. In addition, H. pylori infection induced TAZ expression and nuclear accumulation in the gastric tissue of INS-GAS mice and cultured gastric epithelial cells, which was dependent on the virulence factor CagA. Moreover, TAZ or β-catenin knockdown significantly suppressed H. pylori infection-induced cell growth, survival, and invasion. Furthermore, the interactive regulation of TAZ and β-catenin activation was revealed. Finally, β-catenin was required for H. pylori-induced TAZ activation.ConclusionThese findings suggest the existence of a positive feedback loop of activation between TAZ and β-catenin that could play an important role in CagA+ H. pylori infection-induced gastric carcinogenesis. TAZ inhibition represents a potential target for the prevention of H. pylori infection-associated gastric cancer.

Groundwater is a very important natural resource for humanity, however, the degradation of groundwater quality caused by anthropogenic activities may pose a serious hazard to human health and ecosystem. In this study, 143 groundwater samples were analyzed to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of hydrochemistry, groundwater quality and potential human health risk of groundwater in Jinghe River Basin, Chinese Loess Plateau. Based on the mean concentrations value (MCV) and over-standard rate (OSR), the groundwater in Jinghe River Basin were divided into three groups: Group Ⅰ (high MCV: greater than standard values and high OSR: ≥ 10 %) contains TDS (total dissolved solids), TH (total harness), SO42-, F- and Fe; Group Ⅱ (low MCV and high OSR) contains pH, Cl-, NO3-, Cr6+ and As, Group Ⅲ (low MCV and low OSR) contains NO2-, NH4+, Zn, Mn, Pb, I- and Cd. The results of set pair assessment indicated that the unsuitable and doubtful class of comprehensive groundwater quality are mainly distributed in the northern part of study area, accounting for 29 % and 13.6 % of the area in 2004 and 2015, respectively. Human health risk assessment based on the triangular fuzzy number suggested that the variation of risk levels in different age groups is Children > Adult Men > Adult Women. Average carcinogenic risks of As in groundwater for the three groups exceed the acceptable level, and non-carcinogenic risk of NO3- for Children is higher than the acceptable threshold. The findings of this study provide valuable insight into the spatiotemporal characteristics of groundwater quality and potential health risks of polluted groundwater by anthropogenic activities.

BackgroundIn recent years, the rapid development of digestive endoscopy technology has brought revolutionary changes to endoscopic therapy. A growing number of articles have been published annually. We aimed to explore global scientific outputs and hotspots of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) published by different countries, organizations, and authors.MethodsWe extracted relevant publications from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) on June 23, 2022. We examined the retrieved data by bibliometric analysis (e.g., cocited and cluster analysis, keyword co-occurrence) using the software CiteSpace and VOSviewer to analyze and predict the trends and hot spots in this field.ResultsA total of 2,695 papers were finally identified. The results showed that the number of articles fluctuated with the year and reached its peak in 2021. NATIONAL CANCER CENTER JAPAN was the most influential institution. MICHAEL J BOURKE and YUTAKA SAITO are two of the most prolific scholars. ENDOSCOPY and GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY were the most productive journals. “Early gastric cancer” and “Barrett's esophagus” were the focus of EMR research. “Adverse events”, “cold snare polypectomy” and “outcomes” have become increasingly popular in recent years and could become hot spots in the future.ConclusionIn this study, we summarized the characteristics of the publications; identified the most influential countries, institutions, and journals; and identified the leading topics in the EMR field.

DNA in cells is frequently damaged by endogenous and exogenous agents. However, comprehensive mechanisms to combat and repair DNA damage have evolved to ensure genomic stability and integrity. Improper DNA damage repair may result in various diseases, including some types of tumors and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, DNA damage repair mechanisms have been proposed as novel antitumor drug targets. To date, numerous drugs targeting DNA damage mechanisms have been developed. For example, PARP inhibitors that elicit synthetic lethality are widely used in individualized cancer therapies. In this review, we describe the latent DNA damage repair mechanisms in gastric cancer, the types of DNA damage that can contribute to the development of gastric cancer, and new therapeutic approaches for gastric cancer that target DNA damage repair pathways.

The combination of vonoprazan (VPZ) and amoxicillin (VA therapy) has been shown to achieve acceptable eradication rates for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Herein, our aim was to explore the short-term effect of VA therapy on the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) using human fecal samples. A total of 119 H. pylori-positive patients were randomized into low- or high-dose VA therapy (i.e., amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d. or t.i.d. and VPZ 20 mg b.i.d.) for 7 or 10 days. Thirteen H. pylori-negative patients served as controls. Fecal samples were collected from H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative patients. The gut microbiota and SCFAs were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, respectively. The gut microbiota in H. pylori-positive patients exhibited increased richness, diversity, and better evenness than matched patients. Fifty-three patients studied before and after H. pylori eradication were divided into low (L-VA) and high (H-VA) amoxicillin dose groups. The diversity and composition of the gut microbiota among L-VA patients exhibited no differences at the three time points. However, among H-VA patients, diversity was decreased, and the microbial composition was altered immediately after H-VA eradication but was restored by the confirmation time point. The decreased abundance of Anaerostipes, Dialister, and Lachnospira induced by H-VA was associated with altered SCFA levels. VA dual therapy for H. pylori eradication has minimal negative effects on gut microbiota and SCFAs.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is considered a class I carcinogen in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. In recent years, the interaction relationship between H. pylori infection and autophagy has attracted increasing attention. Most investigators believe that the pathogenesis of gastric cancer is closely related to the formation of an autophagosome-mediated downstream signaling pathway by H. pylori infection-induced cells. Autophagy is involved in H. pylori infection and affects the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. In this paper, the possible mechanism by which H. pylori infection affects autophagy and the progression of related gastric cancer signaling pathways are reviewed.

Abstract Background Dedifferentiated liposarcoma, one of the most deadly types of soft tissue sarcoma, is an aggressive and high-grade form of liposarcoma. Liposarcoma occurs most commonly in the retroperitoneum, extremities and trunk, but less frequently in the female genital tract. The vagina is a very rare site of origin. Herein we report the first case of dedifferentiated Liposarcoma deriving from vagina and discuss its clinical course. Case presentation A 38-year-old female patient presented to our institution with a painless vaginal mass. Abdominal computed tomography showed a 17.6 cm× 10.4 cm solid mass originating from the right lateral wall of her vagina. Then she underwent complete surgical resection of the tumor mass, and postoperative pathological result confirmed the diagnosis of dedifferentiated liposarcoma deriving from vagina. Six courses of combination chemotherapy with pirarubicin plus ifosfamide were performed after surgery. The patient remains with no evidence of disease recurrence with 13 months of follow-up. Conclusions Liposarcoma is very rare in female genital tract, and more rare for dedifferentiated liposarcoma in gynecologic field. Little is known about the clinical characteristics, pathological diagnosis, prognosis and optimal management strategy of vaginal dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Complete surgical resection followed by systemic chemotherapy is suggested to be standard treatment for dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Combination chemotherapy with pirarubicin and ifosfamide may be effective for treating vaginal dedifferentiated liposarcoma.

With the in-depth application of 3D models in many fields, the display of models, especially the model display based on B / S architecture, has become an indispensable part of the application of 3D models. The development of 3D modeling technology has led to the emergence of a large number of complex three-dimensional models with more than one hundred thousand facets and hundred megabytes of file size. Coupled with the limit of B / S architecture by the server’s concurrency, network bandwidth, browser’s processing capabilities, and many other objective factors, how to achieve its real-time and high-realistic display on the web pages has become one of the hot spots research in the field of graphics, which has great research significance and challenge. In order to resolve the above problems, we propose a new model display method. The method pre-renders the model into a two-dimensional image by sampling the subdivide surface of the model’s circumscribed sphere and uses the view-dependent level-of-detail method to divide the pre-rendered image into different layers and tiles. Combined with the optimization, including adaptive and progressive network transmission, index-weighted user interaction prediction, and Hilbert-based image indexing, the method achieves a frame rate of more than 20 frames per second in the actual tests.

Most of the existing image style transfer algorithms transfer the whole image style as a whole. Style feature is a set of correlation matrix based on style image, namely Gram matrix. Each matrix is a global description of the style image. This kind of methods can perform well in the insensitive semantic scenes (such as the style transfer between landscape photos), but in the sensitive semantic scenes (such as the style transfer between portrait photos), the problem of semantic mismatch will be highlighted, such as transferring the background texture of the style image to the foreground of the target image. Although the existing research takes the manually annotated semantic image as an input of the algorithm, and then guides the style transfer based on the semantic information, and finally achieves good results in the style transfer between portraits. But there are still two problems: first, semantic images need to be manually annotated, which costs human resources. In practical applications, large-scale image style transfer is often needed. Second, the details of the synthesized image are fuzzy, and the definition is not enough. We propose an image style transfer algorithm based on semantic segmentation to resolve semantic mismatching in image style transfer. Our algorithm extracts the semantic information of style image and content image automatically through a semantic segmentation network and uses the semantic information to guide the style transfer. Our algorithm builds a semantic segmentation network based on mask R-CNN, introduces semantic information, and then makes style transfer on the patch level, realizes the style transfer between similar objects (consistent semantic information). Experiments on Celeba and Wikiart show that our method could automatically extract the semantic information of style image and content image. Compared with the state-of-art approaches in this field, our method can effectively avoid semantic mismatch in the process of image style transfer. That is, it can maintain semantic consistency in the process of style transfer.

Antibiotics resistance is becoming increasingly common, involving almost all antibiotics on the market. Diseases caused by drug resistant bacteria, such as MRSA, have high mortality and negatively affect public health. The development of new drugs would be an effective means of solving this problem. Modifications based on bioactive natural products could greatly shorten drug development time and improve success rate. Pleuromutilin, a natural product from the basidiomycete bacterial species, is a promising antibiotic candidate. In this study, a series of novel pleuromutilin derivatives possessing piperazinyl urea linkage were efficiently synthesised, and their antibacterial activities and bactericidal properties were evaluated via MIC, MBC and Time-kill kinetics assays. The results showed that all compounds exhibited potent activities against tested strains, especially MRSA strains with MIC values as low as 0.125 μg/mL; 8 times lower than that of marketed antibiotic Tiamulin. Docking studies indicate substituted piperazinyl urea derivatives could provide hydrogen bonds and initiate π-π stacking between molecules and surrounding residues.

The main concern of the paper is the concurrent treatment of size and layout variables in the static–dynamic coupled layout optimization of stiffened plates. As compared to size optimization alone, layout optimization is a more challenging task, and the problem will become more difficult and complex if the coupling of statics and dynamics is then considered simultaneously. A concurrent sub-region collaborative (CSRC) optimization strategy is proposed in this paper based on the idea of concurrency in multidisciplinary design optimization. The core idea is to decompose the original complex problem into multiple sub-problems by decoupling twice and maintaining the connection with the original problem by sub-region coordination and consistency constraints. A dynamic driving function is added to the CSRC method to solve the problem of iteration difficulty in the feasible region of the collaborative optimization (CO) method, and the performance of the driving function is illustrated by a numerical test. Furthermore, an adaptive surrogate model (ASM) based on the benchmark sub-region is modeled, which improves the prediction accuracy and optimization speed. Finally, a static–dynamic coupled layout optimization of a metal stiffened plate is performed, and the result indicates that the CSRC method performs well on the given case, and its concurrency property makes it possible to not only enlarge the search space but also reduce a significant “wall-clock time” compared to the sequential strategy.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the strongest known risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. DNA damage response (DDR) and autophagy play key roles in tumorigenic transformation. However, it remains unclear how H. pylori modulate DDR and autophagy in gastric carcinogenesis. Here we report that H. pylori infection promotes DNA damage via suppression of Rad51 expression through inhibition of autophagy and accumulation of p62 in gastric carcinogenesis. We find that H. pylori activated DNA damage pathway in concert with downregulation of repair protein Rad51 in gastric cells, C57BL/6 mice and Mongolian gerbils. In addition, autophagy was increased early and then decreased gradually during the duration of H. pylori infection in vitro in a CagA-dependent manner. Moreover, loss of autophagy led to promotion of DNA damage in H. pylori-infected cells. Furthermore, knockdown of autophagic substrate p62 upregulated Rad51 expression, and p62 promoted Rad51 ubiquitination via the direct interaction of its UBA domain. Finally, H. pylori infection was associated with elevated levels of p62 in gastric intestinal metaplasia and decreased levels of Rad51 in dysplasia compared to their H. pylori- counterparts. Our findings provide a novel mechanism into the linkage of H. pylori infection, autophagy, DNA damage and gastric tumorigenesis.

The colonization of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in human gastric mucosa is highly associated with the occurrence of gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Antibiotics, including amoxicillin, clarithromycin, furazolidone, levofloxacin, metronidazole, and tetracycline, are commonly used and considered the major treatment regimens for H. pylori eradication, which is, however, becoming less effective by the increasing prevalence of H pylori resistance. Thus, it is urgent to understand the molecular mechanisms of H. pylori pathogenesis and develop alternative therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on the virulence factors for H. pylori colonization and survival within host gastric mucosa and the host antimicrobial responses against H. pylori infection. Moreover, we describe the current treatments for H. pylori eradication and provide some insights into new therapeutic strategies for H. pylori infection.

Besides the ID class features, the advertisement click log file contains many significant features, which make the study of the advertisement clickthrough rate prediction more difficult. In this study, we convert original features into numerical meaningful ones, which reduce the sparsity and redundancy. In order to solve the problem of class imbalance, we propose a downsampling algorithm based on K-means model to classify large samples, then divide them into some sensible and rational features by the heuristic methods. To further improve the feature representation, we finally select and combine features by the Gradient Boosting Decision Tree model and process high-dimensional features by the logistic regression method. We conducted experiments on the dataset of Tencent SOSO and demonstrated that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art baseline methods by 0.05% on average in terms of R2 and by 50.5% on average in terms of RMSE.

Abstract Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) delivers oncoprotein CagA into gastric epithelial cells via the T4SS and drives activation of multiple oncogenic signalling pathways. YAP, a core effector of the Hippo tumour suppressor pathway, is frequently overexpressed in human cancers, suggesting its potential tumor-promoting role. Although CagA is a casual factor in H. pylori induced gastric carcinogenesis, the link between CagA and YAP pathway has not been identified. In this work, we investigated the regulation of oncogenic YAP pathway by H. pylori CagA. Methods Expression of YAP and E-cadherin protein in human gastric biopsies were assessed by immunohistochemistry. H. pylori PMSS1 cagA − isogenic mutant strains were generated. Gastric epithelial cells were co-cultured with H. pylori wild-type cagA + strains or isogenic mutants and were also treated by recombinant CagA expression. Immunofluorescence was performed for YAP localization. Immunoblot and quantitative PCR were performed for examining levels of YAP, downstream effectors and markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Verteporfin and siRNA silencing were used to inhibit YAP activity. Results YAP is significantly upregulated in human gastric carcinogenesis. We generated PMSS1 CagA isogenic mutant strains with chloramphenicol resistance successfully. Our analysis indicated that H. pylori infection induced YAP and downstream effectors in gastric epithelial cells. Importantly, knockout of CagA in 7.13 and PMSS1 strains reduced the expression of YAP by H. pylori infection. Moreover, Inhibition of YAP suppressed H. pylori infection-induced Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conclusion Our results indicated that H. pylori CagA as a pathogenic protein promotes oncogenic YAP pathway, which contributes to EMT and gastric tumorigenesis. This study provided a novel mechanistic insight into why cagA + H. pylori infection is associated with a higher risk for the development of gastric cancer.

(H. Lév.) Rehder is a rare, endangered, and therefore, protected tree species native to China. However, there are serious limitations to the effective protection of the species, including a low seed germination-rate and difficult storage due to a high seed oil-content. Here, we evaluated the feasibility of ultra-dry seed storage and its effects on seedling growth. We used the silica gel method to prepare ultra-dry seeds with different moisture contents to find an optimal moisture content range (2.54%â4.77%). Ultra-dry treatment improved storability of . Furthermore, seeds with a moisture content of 4.77% stored at room temperature, and seeds with a moisture content of 3.97% stored at 4 °C yielded the best results. Priming with an appropriate concentration of polyethylene glycol had a certain repairing effect on ultra-dry stored seeds and improved seed vigor, with a two-day priming treatment with 20% polyethylene glycol having the best effect. Finally, compared with sand storage at 4 °C, ultra-dry storage promoted seedling growth and root development; furthermore, it alleviated storage damage to seeds, promoted soluble sugar and soluble protein accumulation, and increased seedling nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake. Therefore, ultra-dry storage can be effectively used to preserve seeds. Specifically, low-temperature storage of ultra-dry seeds with a moisture content of 3.97% enhanced seed vigor, and seedling growth and development.Handeliodendron bodinieriH. bodinieri seedsH. bodinieriH. bodinieriH. bodinieri

Adipic dihydrazide and heparin were attached to ZnO quantum dots surface, and the ZnO-adipic dihydrazide-heparin nanocomplex was used as a drug delivery system to deliver paclitaxel for chemotherapy. The surface modification and the loading of paclitaxel were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrum, featured by characteristic peaks from functional groups of adipic dihydrazide, heparin, and paclitaxel. The impacts of pH on the drug release were investigated, and the cytotoxicity studies were conducted with A549 cells. The pharmacokinetic study was conducted with male Wistar rats. Both in vitro and in vivo study indicated that ZnO-adipic dihydrazide-heparin-paclitaxel nanocomplex could deliver paclitaxel in a more controllable way, and it has the potential to be a high-efficiency drug delivery system for cancer treatment.

Abstract Background Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is an important tumor suppressor gene, and its encoded protein has activities of both a protein phosphatase and a lipid phosphatase. However, the substitution effect of protein phosphatase activity remains unclear. PI3K/Akt is the most common pathway negatively regulated by PTEN. The Hippo and PI3K/Akt pathways have a joint effect in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Therefore, how PTEN lipid phosphatase inactivation contributes to the occurrence and development of gastric cancer and the potential role of the Hippo and PI3K/Akt pathways in PTEN lipid phosphatase inactivation mediated gastric tumorigenesis remain to be explored. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of p-PTEN and YAP in a gastric cancer tissue microarray. Stable cell lines expressing a wild-type or dominant-negative mutant PTEN were established. The proliferation and migration of stable cells were detected by MTT, BrdU, and colony-formation, transwell assay and high content analysis in vitro, and tumor growth differences were observed in xenograft nude mice. Changes in the expression of key molecules in the Hippo and Akt signaling pathways were detected by western blot. Nuclear-cytoplasm separation, immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation analyses were conducted to explore the dysregulation of Hippo in the stable cell lines. Results PTEN lipid phosphatase inactivation strongly promoted the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. A immunohistochemical analysis of gastric cancer tissues revealed a significant correlation between phosphorylated PTEN and nuclear YAP expression, and both were determined to be independent prognostic factors for gastric cancer. Mechanistically, PTEN lipid phosphatase inactivation abolished the MOB1-LATS1/2 interaction, decreased YAP phosphorylation and finally promoted YAP nuclear translocation, which enhanced the synergistic effect of YAP-TEAD, thus inducing cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, PTEN lipid phosphatase inactivation promoted the PI3K/Akt pathway, and disruption of YAP-TEAD-driven transcription decreased the activation of Akt in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions Taken together, our findings indicate that PTEN lipid phosphatase inactivation links the Hippo and PI3K/Akt pathways to promote gastric tumorigenesis and cancer development.

Emerging evidence suggests that Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with insulin resistance (IR) yet the underlying mechanisms are still obscure. The vital role of gut microbiota in triggering IR has been increasingly reported, however, no study has explored the correlation of gut microbiota and H. pylori-associated IR. Using H. pylori-infected mice model fed different diet structures, we demonstrated that H. pylori infection significantly aggravated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic disorders at the early stage, the extent of which was close to the effect of long-term HFD. Interestingly, we observed dynamic alterations in gut microbiota that were consistent with the changes in the metabolic phenotype induced by H. pylori and HFD. There may be an interaction among H. pylori, diet and gut microbiota, which dysregulates the host metabolic homeostasis, and treatment of H. pylori may be beneficial to the patients with impaired glucose tolerance in addition to diet control.

The genus Allium (Amaryllidaceae, Allioideae) is one of the largest monocotyledonous genera and it includes many economically important crops that are cultivated for consumption or medicinal uses. Recent advances in molecular phylogenetics have revolutionized our understanding of Allium taxonomy and evolution. However, the phylogenetic relationships in some Allium sections (such as the Allium section Daghestanica) and the genetic bases of adaptative evolution, remain poorly understood. Here, we newly assembled six chloroplast genomes from Chinese endemic species in Allium section Daghestanica and by combining these genomes with another 35 allied species, we performed a series of analyses including genome structure, GC content, species pairwise Ka/Ks ratios, and the SSR component, nucleotide diversity and codon usage. Positively selected genes (PSGs) were detected in the Allium lineage using the branch-site model. Comparison analysis of Bayesian and ML phylogeny on CCG (complete chloroplast genome), SCG (single copy genes) and CDS (coding DNA sequences) produced a well-resolved phylogeny of Allioideae plastid lineages, which illustrated several novel relationships with the section Daghestanica. In addition, six species in section Daghestanica showed highly conserved structures. The GC content and the GC3s content in Allioideae species exhibited lower values than studied non-Allioideae species, along with elevated pairwise Ka/Ks ratios. The rps2 gene was lost in all examined Allioideae species, and 10 genes with significant posterior probabilities for codon sites were identified in the positive selection analysis, seven of them are associated with photosynthesis. Our study uncovered a new species relationship in section Daghestanica and suggested that the selective pressure has played an important role in Allium adaptation and evolution, these results will facilitate our further understanding of evolution and adaptation of species in the genus Allium.

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) has been biogeographically divided into the eastern monsoonal and the western continental climatic zones along the 500 mm isohyet. However, this biogeographic hypothesis has been rarely tested using a phylogeographic approach. The members of the genus Allium subgenus Cyathophora coincidentally distribute across this biogeographical divide. Intriguingly, Allium fasciculatum of subgenus Amerallium co-occurs in the distribution range of subgenus Cyathophora. To illuminate the role of this biogeographic divide on the genetic divergence, we genotyped 466 individuals of 52 populations of subgenus Cyathophora and 110 individuals of 19 populations of A. fasciculatum using three chloroplast DNA fragments, whole nrITS and nine nuclear microsatellite loci, supplemented with the present environmental space and paleo-distribution modeling. Our phylogeographical evidence recovered the concordant east–west genetic breaks both for subgenus Cyathophora and A. fasciculatum along the 500 mm isohyet. The divergence time estimations and environmental niche differentiations suggested this east–west genetic breaks could have been triggered by the climatic-induced vicariance during the early Pleistocene. Noticeably, this split within subgenus Cyathophora could have been deepened by the morphological vicariance from the eastern umbel to the western spicate, while that within A. fasciculatum could have been obscured due to the pollen flows from the east to west caused by the postglacial expansion. The genetic structures and ecological niche modelings (ENMs) recovered the distinct responses to the Quaternary climatic oscillations for species constricted to different climatic zones, further highlighting the profound effect of the climatic differences and tectonic uplifts on the genetic diversification. Overall, our findings offer strong evidence for the existence of a biogeographic divide between the eastern monsoonal and the west continental climatic zones of the QTP nearly along the 500 mm isohyet.

The East China Shelf Seas, comprising the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, and the shelf region of East China Sea, play significant roles among the shelf seas of the Western North Pacific Ocean. The projection of sea surface temperature (SST) changes in these regions is a hot research topic in marine science. However, this is a very difficult task due to the lack of available long-term projection data. Recently, with the high development of simulation technology based on numerical models, the model intercomparison projects, e.g., Phase 5 of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), have become important ways of understanding climate changes. CMIP5 provides multiple models that can be used to estimate SST changes by 2100 under different representative concentration pathways (RCPs). This paper developed a CMIP5-based SST investigation framework for the projection of decadal and seasonal variation of SST in East China Shelf Seas by 2100. Since the simulation results of CMIP5 models may have degrees of errors, this paper uses hydrological observation data from World Ocean Atlas 2018 (WOA18) for model validation and correction. This paper selects seven representative ones including ACCESS1.3, CCSM4, FIO-ESM, CESM1-CAM5, CMCC-CMS, NorESM1-ME, and Max Planck Institute Earth System Model of medium resolution (MPI-ESM-MR). The decadal and seasonal SST changes in the next 100 years (2030, 2060, 2090) are investigated by comparing with the present analysis in 2010. The experimental results demonstrate that SST will increase significantly by 2100: the decadal SST will increase by about 1.55 °C, while the seasonal SST will increase by 1.03–1.95 °C.

In the above article [1], Table 5 is updated to Table 1. Table 6 in the article [1] is updated to Table 2.

The shale gas reservoirs are composed of porous media of different length scales such as nanopores, micropores, natural fractures and hydraulic fractures, which lead to high heterogeneity. Gas flow from pores to fractures is under different flow regimes and in the control of various flow mechanisms. The gas slippage would have significant effects on gas flow in shale. To obtain the effect of slippage on gas flow in matrix and fractures, contrast experiments were run by using cores with penetration fractures and no fractures from Marine Shale in Southern China under constant confining pressure. The results showed that slippage effect dominates and increases the gas permeability of cores without fractures. To cores with penetration fractures, slippage effect is associated with the closure degree of fractures. Slippage dominates when fractures close under low pore pressure. Slippage weakens due to the fractures opening under high pore pressure. Fracture opening reduces the seepage resistance and slippage effect. The Forchheimer effect occurs and leads to a permeability reduction.

Continuous SiC fiber-reinforced Ti2AlNb matrix composites have a great potential for high-temperature aviation structure applications, and their properties strongly depend on the microstructure of the interfacial reaction layer. Notably, introducing diffusion barrier coatings has still been a popular strategy for optimizing the interfacial structure and interfacial properties of SiCf/Ti. In this work, C coating and C/B4C duplex coating were successfully fabricated onto SiC fibers via chemical vapor deposition (CVD), then consolidated into the SiCf/C/Ti2AlNb and the SiCf/C/B4C/Ti2AlNb composites, respectively, via hot isostatic pressing (HIP) under the condition of 970 °C, 150 MPa, 120 min, and finally furnace cooled to room temperature. The C- and C/B4C-dominated interfacial reactions in the SiCf/C/Ti2AlNb and the SiCf/C/B4C/Ti2AlNb were explored, revealing two different reaction products sequences: The different-sized TiC and the coarse-grained (Ti,Nb)C + AlNb3 for the SiCf/C/Ti2AlNb; and the fine-grained TiB2 + TiC, the needle-shaped (Ti,Nb)B2/NbB + (Ti,Nb)C, the coarse-grained (Ti,Nb)C + AlNb2 for the SiCf/C/B4C/Ti2AlNb. Annealing experiments were further carried out to verify the different reaction kinetics caused by C coating and C/B4C duplex coating. The reaction layer (RL)-dominated interfacial strength and tensile strength estimations showed that higher interface strength and tensile strength occurred in the SiCf/C/Ti2AlNb instead of the SiCf/C/B4C/Ti2AlNb, when the same failure mode of fiber push-out took place.