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The article is devoted to the stages of formation and development of military neurology and psychiatry in Russia. Scholars of anxiety and mental disorders department of the Medical and Surgical Academy (Military Medical) made great contribution to development of scientific and organizational peculiarities of these medical disciplines and many other allied studies. Authors analyze the contribution of military psychiatrists and neurologists to the modern concept of mental care delivery in peace and wartime, research focus ares and prospects of its development.

The article presents the analyze of the character of delivery of psycho-aid in conditions of wars and armed conflicts of the XXth century. Generalizing of the experience of psycho-aid delivery in conditions of wars of the XXth century showed, that it's basing doctrinal provisions were laid by Russian psychiatrists during the Russian-Japan War. However, in foreign Armies this experience was used and improved (according to now-day's wars and armed conflicts), in our Armed Forces (until the 90th years of the XXth century) it wasn't used in right way. In general, the system of psycho-aid delivery to the staff, consists of 3 provisions: it's approach to the military stage, simplicity and security, existence of movable well-packaged staff structures, which can work optimally in combat conditions and secure necessary treatment-evacuation and rehabilitation measures.