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In this work, we present the ion migration of CsPbIBr

We realized a single-mode laser with an ultra-high quality factor in individual cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite micro-hemispheres fabricated by chemical vapor deposition. A series of lasing property analysis based on cavity size was reported under this material system. Due to good optical confinement capability of the whispering gallery resonant cavity and high optical gain of CsPbBr3 perovskite micro-hemispheres, single-mode lasing behavior was achieved with an ultra-high quality factor as large as 11,460 at room temperature. To study in detail the physical effects between lasing threshold and cavity, a set of cavity size dependence photoluminescence analyses were performed. We found that the lasing threshold increases while the cavity size decreases. Time-resolved PL analysis was conducted to confirm the relation between cavity size and lasing threshold. The larger cavity stands for longer PL lifetime and indicates easier-to-achieve carrier population inversion. Strong Purcell enhancement could be further investigated by the spontaneous emission coupling factor β and internal quantum efficiency as a function of cavity size. A high β-factor of 0.37 could be obtained from a 2.2 μm diameter hemisphere microcavity and a high Purcell factor of 14 in a 1.9 μm diameter hemisphere microcavity showing strong Purcell enhancement effect in our system.

We report the CsPbI

The use of large numerical apertures in spectroscopic ellipsometer (SE) or reflectometer (SR) designs allows for smaller measurement targets, but it may introduce side effects like the propagation of high diffraction orders into the collection pupil. In the normal optical critical dimension (CD) measurement condition, the zeroth-order diffracted light is the only light illuminating the pupil. However, when the pitch of the measurement target is large enough, the high-order diffracted light can also enter the pupil and mix with the zeroth-order diffracted light. This contaminates the measurement and leads to inaccuracies in fitting the target's model to the data. In this paper, we propose a method that retains good measurement results even when the collected spectrum includes contamination due to high-order diffraction. In this approach, we treat the high-order diffracted light contamination as the primary source of error in the measurement. We modify the maximum likelihood estimation using one of three different additional weighting schemes that lead to optimal measurement results. In general, we have found that not all the wavelengths in the affected wavelength zone have the same contamination impact . The above concept was validated using a synthetic and an actual large pitch CD measurement, successfully demonstrating that the proposed method virtually eliminates the inaccuracy. These results show that this method effectively allows the user to use the full wavelength range of interest from 190-800nm, in spite of the fact that a significant fraction of this wavelength range includes the presence of higher diffraction orders. This method thus allows for accurate measurements of large pitch SRAM targets and enables yield improvement for N5 and newer logic devices.

Along with process improvement and integrated circuit (IC) design complexity increased, failure rate caused by optical getting higher in the semiconductor manufacture. In order to enhance chip quality, optical proximity correction (OPC) plays an indispensable rule in the manufacture industry. However, OPC, includes model creation, correction, simulation and verification, is a bottleneck from design to manufacture due to the multiple iterations and advanced physical behavior description in math. Thus, this paper presented a pattern-based design technology co-optimization (PB-DTCO) flow in cooperation with OPC to find out patterns which will negatively affect the yield and fixed it automatically in advance to reduce the run-time in OPC operation. PB-DTCO flow can generate plenty of test patterns for model creation and yield gaining, classify candidate patterns systematically and furthermore build up bank includes pairs of match and optimization patterns quickly. Those banks can be used for hotspot fixing, layout optimization and also be referenced for the next technology node. Therefore, the combination of PB-DTCO flow with OPC not only benefits for reducing the time-to-market but also flexible and can be easily adapted to diversity OPC flow.

The serious fingering and nonuniform injectivity profile of acid liquid result from the features of heterogeneity in most carbonate reservoir, leading to a poor effect on the acidizing process. In the present contribution, for the first time, we report a novel diversion acidizing strategy that uses acid-rock reaction between the acidizing fluid itself and carbonate core to produce CO2 at supercritical state. Under the action of a mixture of foaming agent and stabilizer contained in this working fluid, a CO2 foamed acid fluid is in-situ formed in the acidizing layer, which would play a diverting role in carbonate matrix acidizing operations. Experiments on in-situ formation of CO2 microfoams (emulsions) were performed utilizing a visible acid-rock reaction simulation device and a self-made high pressure and temperature foam generator. A series of divided-flow experiments were undertaken by the core displacement setup. Results based on these experiments indicate that with 0.5% SDBS as a foaming agent and 0.15% CMC as a stabilizing agent, the supercritical CO2 microfoams (emulsions) could be created in-situ in the process of acidizing through the carbonate reservoirs. The foamed acid has the accumulating and plugging effects, with divided-flow selectivity not only in the parallel cores of oil saturation and water saturation, but also in the parallel cores of different permeability. This foamed acid fluid could provide better diversion acidizing operations for heterogeneous carbonate formation. Finally, the mechanism of this novel diversion acidizing technology was uncovered in detail. It is suggested that the whole working process is actually an interface effect in the dynamic system of gas/liquid/solid multiphase fluid. Such findings are potentially important for a better understanding on the mechanisms of in-situ formation of CO2 foamed acid and its self-diversion. Looking out to the future, our report attempts to provide a new and efficient technology for the improvement of acid stimulation in the carbonate reservoirs.

Orbital interactions between nitrogen’s 2p-orbital, 2p(N), and the higher-lying HOMO/LUMO would push-up the latter even higher. This destabilization effect exerted by an amino explains the high-lying LUMO of the 2,2′-dipyridyl amine (HDPA) ancillary ligand, as well as the high-lying LUMO in Ir(ppy)2HDPA+ (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine). The pi-destabilization effect on MOs exerted by a fluoro must be incorporated into consideration to explain the site-dependent characteristics observed by related color-tuning studies. Two new blue phosphorescent fluorinated Ir(ppy)2HDPA+ complexes have been synthesized by introducing fluoro(s) at suitable phenyl-carbon(s): having small 2pπ(C) content in HOMO and/or large 2pπ(C) content in LUMO.

Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh is a widespread mangrove species along the southeast coasts of China. Recently, the outbreak of herbivorous insect, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, a leaf miner, have impacted on the growth of A. marina. Little is reported about the responses of A. marina to leaf miner infection at the biochemical, physiological and molecular levels. Here, we reported the responses of A. marina to leaf miner infection from the aspects of leaf structure, photosynthesis, and antioxidant system and miner responsive genes expression. A. marina leaves attacked by the leaf miner exhibited significant decreases in chlorophyll, carbon and nitrogen contents, as well as a decreased photosynthetic rate. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations revealed that the leaf miner only invaded the upper epidermis and destroyed the epidermal cell, which lead to the exposure of salt glands. In addition, the chloroplasts of mined leaves (ML) were swollen and the thylakoids degraded. The maximal net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance (Gs), carboxylation efficiency (CE), dark respiration (Rd), light respiration (Rp) and quantum yields (AQE) significantly decreased in the ML, whereas the light saturation point (Lsp), light compensation point (Lcp), water loss and CO2 compensation point (Г) increased in the ML. Moreover, chlorophyll fluorescence features also had been changed by leaf miner attacks. Interestingly, higher generation rate of O2ˉ· and lower antioxidant enzyme expression in the mined portion (MP) were found; on the contrary, higher H2O2 level and higher antioxidant enzyme expression in the non-mined portion (NMP) were revealed, implying that the NMP may be able to sense that the leaf miner attacks had happened in the MP of the A. marina leaf via H2O2 signaling. Besides, the protein expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the glutathione (GSH) content were increased in the ML. In addition, insect resistance-related gene expression such as chitinase 3, RAR1, topless and PIF3 had significantly increased in the ML. Taken together, our data suggest that leaf miners could significantly affect leaf structure, photosynthesis, the antioxidant system and miner responsive gene expression in A. marina leaves.

This paper presents a division-summation (D-Σ) digital control based modular multilevel converter. Modular multilevel converters (MMC) have been applied to static synchronous compensators (STATCOM), high-voltage direct-current transmission (HVDCT), back-to-back power transfer systems, wind/solar power generation and battery storage systems. The D-Σ digital control is adopted to track current reference, balance dc-bus capacitor voltage and regulate cell module capacitor voltage. The adopted D-Σ digital control can accommodate wide filter inductance variation and take care of source voltage harmonics to achieve fast tracking response and low-distortion output current for the applications of active and reactive power injection and rectification with power factor correction. Based on power-balance principle, the combination of dc offset current and the ac current of each arm can be determined. According to charge-balance principle and with the D-Σ digital control, dc-bus capacitor voltage balancing and cell voltage regulation can be achieved. To ensure the output current with low harmonics, a limitation factor for cell voltage regulation is discussed. In the paper, the MMC configuration is introduced first, and then the control laws for current tracking and voltage regulation are derived in detail. Simulated and experimental results obtained from a 54 kW MMC have verified the analysis and discussion.

Immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry (MS) is a promising technique for targeting proteomics in characterizing submicrograms of target protein and interacting proteins in living cells. This method, however, is limited by interference arising from nonspecific binding. We report a novel gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based immuno probe approach for immunoprecipitation. By cross-linking the antibody Fc domain to protein G covalently modified on AuNPs, the probe was fabricated and characterized to have 60 protein G and 30 immunoglobins per AuNP. We used human immunoglobin against the target and mouse immunoglobin with the same isotype (IgG) to fabricate the target and preclear probe, respectively, and termed it as the dual probe approach. Our results showed that the preclear probe (AuNP-IgG) and the target probe (AuNP-anti-ERα) share a similar panel of nonspecific binders but dramatic different specificity toward the target. Thus, using the dual probe method, we showed major nonspecific binders in the cell lysate could be largely removed without sacrificing the target protein. Compared to the conventional agarose gel-chromatography, the AuNP-based probe exhibited less nonspecific interference and higher recovery yield for ERα. Moreover, the AuNP-based probe is more inert than the agarose gel under harsh conditions and does not induce dissociation of the cross-linked IgG that could interfere with target identification. Using AuNP-based dual probes, ERα was shown to be purified from MCF-7 cells with minimum nonspecific binding. Moreover, the identity and phosphorylation sites on the C-terminus of the purified ERα could be positively confirmed by MS using only 1 mg of cellular protein.

The objective of the research was to redesign generic process of the apparel product development adopted in Chinese apparel enterprises currently by comparing and analyzing several important models. The revised apparel retail product development model by Wickett, Gaskill and Damhorst, Kunz’s taxonomy of the apparel merchandising system, and the no-interval coherently phased product development model for apparel (NICPPD) by May-Plumlee and Little were analyzed. The key factors of product development process that need to be improved were anylized according to the NICPPD model. The end result was the redesigned process of apparel product development.

A laboratory study using two tapered anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBRs) with taper angles ( θ ) of 2.5° and 5° was undertaken to explore the hydrodynamic behavior of AFBRs during metabolic gas production. Predictive models were formulated to describe the hydrodynamic behavior of tapered AFBRs in a way that accounted for wake theory, hydrostatic pressure, biofilm thickness distribution, and ambient temperature. When the two tapered AFBRs were maintained in their respective fully fluidized states, both the measured and simulated three-phase bed heights, H b,GLS , were higher than the corresponding two-phase bed heights, H b,LS —a bed-expansion effect. In contrast, the measured and simulated three-phase bed-pressure gradient (−Δ P t / V b ) GLS , was lower than the corresponding two-phase value (−Δ P t / V b ) LS , especially at higher superficial liquid ( u l ) and gas velocities ( u g ). This helped to thicken the biofilm. Increasing θ from 2.5° to 5°, decreased H b,GLS sufficiently to offset increases in (1 − ɛ f ). Consequently, the values of both (−Δ P flu ) GLS and (−Δ P t / V b ) GLS decreased. The simulated values for H b,GLS and (−Δ P t / V b ) GLS were in fairly good agreement with experimental results. Compared to conventional AFBRs, the effect of metabolic gas production on the expansion behavior of tapered AFBRs was smaller. Thus, tapering of AFBRs facilitates the development of thick biofilms.

Three species of Amblyptilia Hubner are reported. Two species, A. clavata, sp. nov. and A. hebeata, sp. nov. are described as new to science. Adult photographs, and male and female genital structures are illustrated. A key to the Chinese mainland species is given.

More realistic dynamic bed-expansion experiments using a three-phase anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) with and without internal biogas production were conducted for the establishment of correlation equations for themean volume ratio of wakes to bubbles (k). A predictive model was also developed for the expansion characteristics of the three-phase AFBR with internal biogas production. The predicted bed-expansion heights (H G L S ) deviated by only ′10% from the experimental measurements for the three-phase AFBR. According to the modeling results, if a three-phase AFBR is loaded into a carrier with low specific gravity (dry density of carrier, ρ m d = 1.37 g cm - 3 ; wet density of carrier, ρ m w = 1.57 g cm - 3 ) and operated at a high superficial liquid velocity (u 1 = 4.0 cm s - 1 ), the ratio of H G L S to H L S at a high superficial gas velocity (u g = 1.5 cm s - 1 ) can reach as high as 271%. A higher fluidized-bed height has a greater effect on the bed-expansion behavior because of the decrease in liquid pressure (surrounding gas bubbles) along the fluidized-bed height. From parametric sensitivity analyses, H G L S is most sensitive to the parameter reactor width (X), especially within a small ΔX/X 0 range of ′10%; sensitive to ρ m w , diameter of the carrier, ρ m d and total mass of carrier and least sensitive to u 1 , biofilm thickness and u g .

Thirty species of Phalera Hubner are recognized in China. Among them, Ph. schintlmeisteri Wu & Fang and Ph. exerta Wu & Fang are described as new to science, and Ph. angustipennis Matsumura and Ph. raya Moore are new records from China. The male and female genitalia are illustrated. A key to the species is provided.

Eight species of Hexafrenum Matsumura and two species of Barbarossula Kiriakoff from China are treated. Hexafrenum hainanensis Wu & Fang is described as new to science, H. leucodera yunnana (Kiriakoff) is a new combination and H. avis Schintlmeister & Fang is accorded specific status. The male and female genitalia are illustrated. Keys to the species are provided.

This paper describes the use of ArF immersion lithography to verify the feasibility of a self-developed freeform illumination source that exposes features on masks and forms resist patterns. After development inspection (ADI) was used to measure the results and inspect whether the critical dimension (CD), process window, line-edge roughness (LER), and line-width roughness (LWR) of the resist pattern attained the standards of existing manufacturing processes. The testing features include nine horizontal and eight vertical features. Ant colony optimization (ACO) can provide optimal freeform illumination sources for these horizontal and vertical features. This paper considers each feature’s particular weighting in order to test the complexity and adaptability of the ACO algorithm applied to semiconductor manufacturing processes. The results of source calculations show that all 17 testing features can be satisfied with the X symmetry freeform source. When using this freeform source in an ArF lithography system, the ADI resist CD of all testing features is located within ±10% target CD tolerance. The ADI target CD set by dense patterns is 40 nm. Resist pattern ADI CD measurements show that, under a through-focus condition, the resist pattern CD between 40 and 42 nm is within tolerance, the depth of focus can reach up to $0.1~\mu \text{m}$ , LER is approximately 5 nm, and LWR is approximately 7 nm. These ADI CD measurements show that this ACO-based freeform source can be integrated into existing advanced semiconductor lithography processes.

Under aerobic conditions, the decay rates of purple nonsulfur bacteria ( Rhodobacter sp.) in the light and dark follow first-order kinetics with rate constants of 0.22 and 0.32 day −1 , respectively. The performance of the conventional activated-sludge reactor (CASR) treating anaerobically pretreated piggery wastewater (656–1,110 mg chemical oxygen demand, COD/L) can be enhanced by the addition of Rhodobacter sp. By performing regressive and statistical analyses using the proposed model and experimental data, the kinetic constants k and Y T , and the fraction of refractory organic materials ( f ) of the Rhodobacter sp.-supplemented activated-sludge reactor (RASR) are 40% larger, 21% less, and 34% less than those of the CASR, respectively. From parametric sensitivity analyses, the substrate removal efficiencies of the CASR and RASR are most sensitive to the parameters k and the food to microorganisms ratio (F/M) but least sensitive to the parameter f ; the specific oxygen utilization rates of the CASR and RASR are most sensitive to the parameters a and k but least sensitive to the parameter b .

Fourteen species of Byasa Moore are recognized in China. B. trifurca Wu & Bai is described as new to science, B. alcinous loochooanus (Rothschild) and B. plutonius tytleri Evans are new records from China, B. confusa (Rothschild) is raised from B. alcinous confusa, B. mansonensis Fruhstorfer is synonymized with B. confusa, and B. stenoptera Chou & Gu with B. dasarada melanura (Rothschild). The taxonomic status of some subspecies are discussed, and the new forms of some species are mentioned. The male and female genitalia are illustrated and most female genitalia are described for the first time. Keys to species based on external characters and on male genitalia are provided.

By maintaining the same operational conditions of one conventional fluidized-bed bioreactor (CFB) and two tapered fluidized-bed bioreactors (TFBs), the performance of the TFBs with taper angles of 5 ° and 2.5 ° were found to be superior to that of the CFB with a taper angle of 0 °. Experimental results together with statistical analyses showed that the bioparticle and hydrodynamic characteristics of the TFBs were significantly different from those of the CFB. Also, bioparticle stratification occurred in the three bioreactors. The biofilm thickness (δ) and the specific biomass (β) of the three bioreactors varied in the following decreasing order 5 ° > 2.5 ° > 0 ° under the same volumetric loading. Meanwhile, the specific energy dissipation rate (ω) and the bioparticle washout rates (W = 0.214 ± 0.219; 0.537 ± 0.493 g BAC dm−3day−1) of the two TFBs were considerably lower than that of the CFB (W = 1.086 ± 0.916 g BAC dm−3 day−1). A lower ω value results in increases in δ and β, and a lower dry density of the biofilm (ρd). Accordingly, the performance enhancement with TFBs should be related to their lower ω and W, thicker δ and larger β values. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry

The tilted supine position allows unobstructed fluoroscopic access for AP and lateral views of the hip.

A kinetic model involving the distributed fractions of acidogens and methanogens is proposed. To determine the fluxes and biochemical reaction rates of the substrate sucrose and its intermediates, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in bulk liquid and within the biofilm, a kinetic model was developed by combining the solid-phase model with the liquid-phase model. The predicted substrate removal efficiencies of the conventional and tapered fluidized-bed bioreactors (CFB, TFBs) are in good agreement with the experimental results. The biofilm thickness in TFBs are thicker than that in CFB, resulting in performance enhancement with TFBs. The simulated results obtained from the kinetic model show that methanogenesis is the rate-limiting step of degradation of the simple organic compound (sucrose), and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration in the effluent is mainly contributed by the intermediates VFAs. The distributed fractions of acidogens and methanogens determined experimentally are 0.4 and 0.6, respectively.

Background and objective The incidence of traumatic hemipelvectomy is rare, but it is a devastating injury. Recently, an increasing number of patients with traumatic hemipelvectomy are admitted to trauma centers alive due to improvements of the pre-hospital care. Successful management requires prompt recognition of the nature of this injury and meticulous surgical technique. We present our successful experiences on four cases of traumatic hemipelvectomy in the past nine years. Patients and methods Four cases with traumatic hemipelvectomy were admited to our hospital from June 21, 2002 to September 3, 2011. All injuries occurred due to vehicle accident and all patients were in a state of severe hypotension, with two of them having anal lacerations. These four cases were treated immediately with resuscitation, control of hemorrhage, early amputation, repeated debridement and closure of the wounds. An angiographic embolization was given to control hemorrhage in two of the cases preoperatively. One case underwent fecal diversion. Wound infection occurred in all of cases which was successfully controlled by repeated debridements, effective anti-biotic regimen, split-thickness skin grafts. Results All four cases were saved successfully with well-healed wounds during follow up from 1 to 7 years. They were able to walk by themself using crutches. Conclusion Adhering to the surgery principles of damage control including appropriate resuscitation, hemorrhage control, coagulopathy correction and multiple debridements and closure of the wounds in reasonable period of time can save the life of cases suffering from severe pelvic ring injury.

An innovative hydrodynamic parameter, specific energy dissipation rate (omega), is proposed and defined as the energy dissipation at the biofilm surface (by erosive effect of flowing water surrounding the bioparticle) per unit volume of fluidized-bed bioreactor per unit time. From the simulated results, omega is varied with operating flow rate and bed expansion characteristics. The biofilm thickness (delta) is found to be inversely proportional to omega. A small omega value benefits the growth of a thick biofilm. Thus, at different stages (e.g., during start-up and at different biofilm thicknesses) the model can be applied to predetermine a better operating scheme. The experimental results also show that the steady-state biofilm thickness measured in the upper and lower parts of the bioreactors is inversely proportional to omega values. Biofilm thickness and omega in the upper part of the bioreactors are respectively larger and smaller than those in the lower part. In addition, by referring to the published data, delta correlates well with omega, and thus the proposed model is well verified.

When the volumetric loading is greater than 50 kg-COD/m3-d, the performance of the tapered anaerobic fluidized-bed bioreactors is more efficient than that of the conventional anaerobic fluidized-bed bioreactor; however, the increasing percentages of the COD removal efficiency are not very significant when the taper angle is greater than 5°. The arithmetic means of the biofilm thickness, specific surface area and specific biomass of the former (increased with the increasing taper angle) are all larger than those of the latter; and the distribution of bioparticles in the former is more uniform than that in the latter. There is a fairly good agreement between the experimental and simulated removal efficiencies of the substrate, and thus, the proposed kinetic model can be used for the predicting purpose. The sensitivity analysis result together with the calculated values of Thiele modulus and the effectiveness factor reveal that the acetate methanogenesis in the anaerobic fluidized-bed bioreactors is reaction-controlled, and the biofilm is fully penetrated by the substrate.

The substrate removal efficiencies of the conventional (taper angle of 0°) and three tapered anaerobic fluidized-bed bioreactors (taper angles of 2.5°, 5° and 10°) predicted from a kinetic model correlated with the average biofilm thickness measured. The predicted substrate removal efficiencies of the three tapered bioreactors were higher than that of the conventional bioreactor. This result was also confirmed by the experimental study, implying the performance of the conventional bioreactor can be significantly enhanced by changing the geometrical configuration to a tapered form. Moreover, the rate-limiting step of acetate methanogenesis in the bioreactors was reaction-controlled and the biofilm was fully-penetrated.

Droop control is one of the advanced wireless control techniques of parallel inverters power supply system. Wireless parallel technique brings power system many merits, such as easy installation, good flexibility and high reliability. In conventional droop control technique, if reactive loads change a lot, system voltage amplitude will fluctuate accordingly. For the sake of stability, we would like to reduce the range of voltage fluctuations to minimum. This paper presents an improved voltage droop control technology, in which voltage amplitude will be adjusted not only according to reactive power, but also the target value of voltage amplitude. So the voltage amplitude can keep stable in time of reactive loads changing rapidly. Simulation and experiment results verify the availability and validity of the proposed control strategy.

The purpose of this paper is to explore how the textiles and clothing industry cluster and specialized market influence each other. This research observed and documented a case study of industry development in Changshu of Jiangsu province. Through the analysis, the researchers summarized the factors that account for significantly improvement of competiveness of clothing industry in Changshu. The research indicates that the relationship between industrial cluster and specialized market is interdependent and mutually promotive. As the industry is one pillar of China's economy, it's important to study this interactive mechanism for further growth of the industry in a global competition situation.

China's apparel higher education has experienced significant transformations to accommodate the development of society and economy. One purpose of this paper is to review the current changes in apparel higher education through reform and reconstruction during the past two decades in a historical perspective. Another purpose is to identify the new challenges and problems met in terms of globalization, mass higher education, and higher technological revolution. Through analysis, the paper concludes that to produce graduates capable of participating and competing in the emerging global society, China apparel higher education should conduct complicated reform and reconstruction, including further international cooperation and exchanges, further computer application in curriculum, strengthening merchandising, marketing and global resourcing education, curricula updating and diversification, and seamless Linkage of knowledge of different major and specialization.

To investigate the effects of computer navigation in the treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures.130 feet in 110 patients with intra-articular calcaneal fractures, 57 calcanei with fracture of Sander's type II, 45 of type III, and 28 cases of type IV, were treated with internal fixation under computer navigation, and were followed up for 16.3 months (6 - 24 months).According to the Maryland Foot Score system, excellent result was noted in 63 feet, good result in 57 feet, and fair result in 10 feet, with the excellent and good rates being 92.31% together.Using computer navigation to treat intra-articular calcaneal fractures is one of the best ways for treatment of calcaneal fractures.