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Viburnum luzonicum Rolfe is widely used in China as folk medicine. The bioactivity evaluation indicated that the n-BuOH fraction of V. luzonicum leaves (VLLB) could significantly inhibit α‑amylase and α-glucosidase. In order to clarify its active constituents, the phytochemical analysis on VLLB was first performed using HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, and three new phenolic compounds, viburosides A–C (1–3), along with seven known analogues (4–10) were isolated through preparative HPLC. The undescribed compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses (1H and 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, HRESIMS, and ORD) and enzymatic hydrolysis. In the in vitro enzyme assays, compounds 1–8 showed potent α‑amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The enzymatic kinetics and molecular docking of the strongest inhibitors 2 and 3 against the corresponding target enzyme were also performed.

Two new phenolic allopyranosides, named viburluzosides A and B (

Eight previously undescribed lignan glycosides, viburmacrosides A-H (1-8), and seven known analogues (9-15) were isolated from Viburnum macrocephalum f. keteleeri fruits through bioactivity-guided fractionation. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and chemical evidence. Using the well-recognized carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase, as well as the promising protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), as inhibitory targets, all isolated compounds were tested for their antidiabetic potential in vitro. Compound 4 displayed potent inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 9.9 ± 0.6 and 8.9 ± 0.5 μM against α-glucosidase and PTP1B, respectively. The enzymatic kinetics results suggested that compound 4 competitively inhibited α-glucosidase while it suppressed α-amylase and PTP1B in the mixed-type manner. These findings supported that V. macrocephalum f. keteleeri fruits may be a new functional food resource with antidiabetic potential.

Two new phenolic allopyranosides, named viburluzosides A and B (1, 2), together with eight known phenolic glycosides (3 − 10) were discovered from the stems of Viburnum luzonicum Rolfe under the guidance of LC-MS analyses coupled with bioactivity evaluation. They were purified through various chromatography methods and identified by extensive spectroscopic analyses (1H and 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, and HRESIMS) and chemical methods. The in vitro evaluation on α-glucosidase and aldose reductase (AR) inhibitory activities of isolated compounds were conducted. Compounds 1 − 4 and 6 − 9 exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 5.35 − 21.34 μM and AR inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 6.21 − 40.06 μM. Moreover, the inhibitory kinetics analyses of compounds 1 and 2 were also performed.

A new phenolic glycoside 1, together with two known compounds (2, 3), has been isolated from the ethanolic extract of Polygonatum sibiricum F. Delaroche. Its structure was elucidated as (2R)-syringylpropane-1,3-diol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside by spectroscopic data (1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, and HR-ESI-MS) and chemical evidence. In the in vitro assay, compound 1 displayed potent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of 10.90 μM.

A new compound 1, together with two known compounds (2, 3), has been isolated from the ethanolic extract of Viburnum melanocarpum leaves. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic evidence and chemical method. In the in vitro assay, compounds 1 and 3 displayed potent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 6.28 μM and 12.73 μM, respectively.

A new phenolic glycoside 1 and three known compounds (2–4) have been isolated from the 95% ethanolic extract of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. leaves. Their structures were identified as erythro-1-O-methyl-2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-guaiacylglycerol (1), 3,5-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), salidroside (3), and dihydroconiferin (4) from spectroscopic data (1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC, and HMBC) and using chemical methods. In the in vitro assay, compound 1 displayed potent inhibitory activity against aldose reductase with an IC50 value of 7.82 μM.

A new flavonoid glycoside 1, together with nine known compounds, has been isolated from Scutellaria barbata D. Don. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated as acacetin 7-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-β-Dglucopyranoside by spectroscopic data (1D and 2D NMR methods) and chemical evidences. Additionally, compound 1 displayed potent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of 8.9 μM in vitro.

A new phenolic glycoside 1, together with its enantiomer (2), was isolated from the ethanolic extract of Viburnum melanocarpum P. S. Hsu fruits by repeated column chromatography. Its structure was identified as (7R,8S)-guaiacylglycerol 4-O-β-D-(6-O-vanilloyl)glucopyranoside (1) by spectroscopic data (1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, and ORD) and chemical methods. In the intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory activity test, compound 1 exhibited potent inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 10.04 μM in comparison with the positive control acarbose (IC50 16.37 μM).

Viburnum species are a group of small trees or shrubs that are of great ornamental and medicinal values. Some of them have been used for a long time both as conventional and ethnic medicine. Viburnum fruits, eaten in fresh and processed forms, have been revealed to contain various health-promoting nutrients. With the increasing research on Viburnum plants, they are considered to be an abundant resource of bioactive natural products possessing diverse pharmacological properties and unique chemical structures, that is powerfully proved by the existence of structurally novel vibsane-type diterpenoids which only occur in Viburnum species, newly discovered lignan constituents with unusual side chains and other noteworthy natural components. This review describes 185 new and 228 known secondary metabolites from Viburnum genus between 2008 and 2020, including their chemical structures, sources and bioactivities, and highlights the corresponding structure-activity relationships.

A new flavonoid glycoside, apigenin 7-O-(2,4-di-O-acetyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), was isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of Galium verum L. by repeated column chromatography. Its structure was identified by spectral analyses and chemical methods. In addition, the rat intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of compound 1 was evaluated in vitro.

Nine new neolignan glycosides (1-9), viburfordosides A-I, two new neolignans, fordianes A and B (10, 11), and seven known analogues (12-18) have been isolated and identified from the fruits of Viburnum fordiae Hance. The structures and absolute configurations of undescribed neolignan constituents were identified by chemical methods and spectroscopic analyses. The α-glucosidase inhibitory, ABTS

Viburnum macrocephalum f. keteleeri, not well explored in the pharmaceutical field, is a tall deciduous shrub and commonly used as folk medicines for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, the dried branches of V. macrocephalum f. keteleeri were extracted with 95% ethanol and the extract was fractionated on the basis of polarity with ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Among the different fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and its bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation and identification of six compounds including a new 8-O-4′-neolignan glycoside (1), categorized as a rare 7-deoxy skeleton, three previously undescribed phenolic glycosides (2–4), together with two known secondary metabolites (5, 6), which were found for the first time in Viburnum. Noticeably, compound 1 had almost the same intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory activity as the positive control acarbose.

Two new phenolic glycoside compounds (1, 2) and ten known analogues (3−12) have been isolated from the ethanolic extract of Brassica rapa flowers and identified as 2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1...

Three new compounds (1–3) and seven known compounds (4–10) have been isolated from the ethanolic extract of Viburnum macrocephalum f. keteleeri using bioactivity-guided fractionation and identified...

A novel norneolignan glycoside (1), categorized as an unusual 7-noraryl-4′,7-epoxy-8,5′-neolignan glycoside, four new phenolic glycosides (2–5), and a known neolignan glycoside (6) have been isolated from the ethanolic extract of the stems of Viburnum fordiae Hance. Dried stems of V. fordiae were extracted with 95% ethanol, and the concentrated extract was portioned successively with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The n-butanol portion was subjected to the macroporous resin HPD-100, silica gel, octadecyl SiO2, MCI gel and Sephadex LH-20 columns to obtain six compounds. Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic data [1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (HMBC) and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD)] and chemical methods.

Two new phenolic glycosides 1 and 2 were isolated from the ethanolic extract of Viburnum melanocarpum P.S. Hsu and identified as (7R,8S)-syringylglycerol 8-O-β-D-allopyranoside (1) and (7S,8S)-syringylglycerol 8-O-β-D-allopyranoside (2). Their structures, including absolute configurations, were determined by spectroscopic data (1H and 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, and ORD) and chemical methods. In addition, compounds 1 and 2 were assayed for their free radical scavenging and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.

A new adenine glycoside 1, along with a known compound 2, was isolated from Brassica rapa. Its structure was elucidated as 5′-deoxy-5′-methylamino-9-(α-L-lyxofuranosyl)adenine on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses.

Two new phenolic compounds, Schitenoside A (1) and Schitenoside B (2), have been isolated together with six known compounds: 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl alcohol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) ethanol 1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), benzyl 7-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (6), m-hydroxybenzoic acid (7) and trans-caffeic acid (8), from the Schizonepeta tenuifolia. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Compounds (3-7) were isolated from Schizonepeta genus for the first time. Compounds 1 and 2 showed a week antibacterial activity against four test strains, involving both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria .

A new flavonoid glycoside 1, along with seven known compounds (2–8), was isolated from Viburnum macrocephalum f. keteleeri by repeated column chromatography. Its structure was identified as apigenin-7-O-[6-O-(5-methoxy-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxovaleryl)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) by spectral analysis.

A new lignan glucoside, galiveroside A (1), and seven known compounds (2–8), were isolated from Galium verum L. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1, at the concentration of 5 mg/mL, showed insecticide activity to 3 age cotton bollworm with a mortality of 16.3% through stomach poisoning. When combined with a recombinant scorpion toxin rLqh IT-1, a better stomach toxicity was shown, and the corrected mortality rate increased to 36.6%.

Three new phenolic compounds 1, 2, and 3 have been isolated from Eucommia ulmoides by repeated column chromatography. Their structures were identified as (+)-erythro-7-O-ethylguaiacylglycerol (1), (–)-erythro-7-O-ethylguaiacylglycerol (2), and 1,3-propanediol-2-O-4′ -(3′ ,5′ -dimethoxy-1′ -hydroxymethyl)phenyl ether (3).

The ethanolic extract of the stems of

A new phenolic compound, schitenoside C (1), and 23 known compounds (2–24), were isolated from Schizonepeta tenuifolia by repeated column chromatography. Their structures were assigned by spectroscopic data interpretation. Among them, compounds 2–5, 7, and 9–23 were isolated from this genus for the first time.

Three new compounds (

Three new compounds (1–3) and seven known compounds (4–10) have been isolated from the ethanolic extract of Viburnum macrocephalum f. keteleeri using bioactivity-guided fractionation and identified as methyl (2-α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)acetate (1), methyl (2R-3-α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)glycerate (2), methyl (3R-4-α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy-3-hydroxy)butanoate (3), bridelionoside B (4), (6S,7E,9R)-roseoside (5), linarionoside A (6), 3,7,11-trimethyl-1,6-dodecadien-3,10,11-triol (7), (+)-8-hydroxylinalool (8), β-sitosterol (9) and daucosterol (10). The structures of 1–3, including absolute configurations, were determined by spectroscopic data (1H and 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC and ORD) and chemical methods. In addition, compounds 1–8 were assayed for their insecticidal and antimicrobial activities. Compounds 7 and 8 exhibited moderately insecticidal effects against Mythimna separata with LD50 values of 180 and 230 μg g−1, respectively. Compounds 2, 3, 7 and 8 showed varying antimicrobial activities with IC50 values ranging from 125 to 529 μM.

Two new phenolic glycoside compounds (1, 2) and ten known analogues (3−12) have been isolated from the ethanolic extract of Brassica rapa flowers and identified as 2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1S)-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylene glycol (1), 2-(4-O-β-d-allopyranosyl)phenyl-ethanol (2), 2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1S)-phenylethylene glycol (3), 2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1R)-phenylethylene glycol (4), (Z)-p-coumaryl-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), phenyl-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (6), 2-phenylethyl-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (7), salidroside (8), 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (9), 4-methoxybenzyl-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (10), 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl-1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (11) and sachaliside 1 (12). The structures of 1 and 2, including absolute configurations, were determined by spectroscopic data (1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC and ORD) and chemical methods. In addition, most of them exhibited inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 14.43 to 50.20 μM in comparison to the positive control acarbose (IC50 = 15.76 μM) in intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory activity tests.

The ethanolic extract of the stems of Viburnum fordiae Hance showed insecticidal and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities and then was fractionated by bioactivity-guided fractionation to obtain a rare C13-norisoprenoid (1), together with a new phenolic glycoside (2), and seven known compounds, alangionoside C (3), pisumionoside (4), koaburaside (5), 3,5-dimethoxy-benzyl alcohol 4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (6), 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (7), arbutin (8), and salidroside (9). The previously undescribed compounds were elucidated as (3R,9R)-3-hydroxy-7,8-didehydro-β-ionyl 9-O-α-d-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and 2-(4-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl)syringylpropane-1,3-diol (2) by spectroscopic data (1H and 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC-TOCSY, HRESIMS, IR and ORD) and chemical methods. Compound 1 showed potent insecticidal effect against Mythimna separata with LD50 value of 140 μg g−1. Compounds 2, 5, 6, 8 and 9 showed varying α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 148.2 to 230.9 μM.

Three new neolignans, fordianoles A-C (1–3), characterized as (7S,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3′,5′-trimethoxy-8′,9′-dinor-8,4′-oxyneolignan-7,7′,9-triol, (7R,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3′,5′-trimethoxy-8′,9′-dinor-8,4′-oxyneolignan-7,7′,9-triol, and (7R,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3′,5′-trimethoxy-8,4′-oxyneolignan-7,9,9′-triol-7′-one, together with an unusual γ-lactone, 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-pentanolide (4), and twenty-five known compounds (5–29) were isolated from the aerial parts of Viburnum fordiae Hance. Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Among them, compounds 6, 7, 11–15, 17–28 were isolated from the Viburnum genus for the first time. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of all compounds were evaluated in vitro. Compounds 15, 19, 20 and 29 showed significant inhibitory activity on NO production in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS with IC50 values ranging from 8.60 to 13.92 μM. Meanwhile, compounds 1–4, 15, 19, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26 and 29 exhibited varying antioxidant activities through DPPH, ABTS free radical scavenging and FRAP assays.

A new fluorescent boron dipyrromethene (Bodipy) derivative 1 containing a di(2-picolyl)amine group as a binding site for Cu2+ was synthesized and characterized. Compound 1 behaves as an “on–off” fluorescent sensor for highly selective and sensitive detection of Cu2+ ions. The selective interaction between compound 1 and Cu2+ leads to formation of a 1·Cu2+ complex, associated with quenching of the fluorescence of 1. An investigation into the detection of biothiols shows that the 1·Cu2+ complex has better recognition for glutathione than cysteine and homocysteine in CH3OH–HEPES (1:1, v/v) buffer solution at pH 7.4 (HEPES = 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid). In addition, fluorescence images obtained via confocal microscopy reveal that compound 1 exhibits excellent selectivity and high sensitivity for Cu2+ under physiological conditions and in living cells.

A new ferulic acid ester, 1'-methyl-2'-hydroxyethyl ferulate (1), together with methylcaffeate (2), 4-hydroxy cinnamic acid (3), ferulic acid (4), caffeic acid (5), diosmetin (6), luteolin (7), 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone (8), eriodictyol (9), kaempferol (10), quercetin (11), acacetin-7-O-glcopyranoside (12), 4-(beta-glucopyranosyloxy) benzoic acid (13), luteolin-7-O-(6''-feruloyl) glucopyranoside (14), luteolin-7-O-glucopyranoside (15), kaempferide-3-O-rhamnopyranoside (16), quercitrin (17), kaempferol-3-O-glucopyranoside (18), prunasin (19), quercetin-7-O-glucopyranoside (20), quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside (21), plantaginin (22), linarin (23), luteolin-7-O-rutinoside (24), and chlorogenic acid (25) were isolated from the aerial parts of Dacocephalum peregrinum. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and HR-ESI-MS analyses. In addition, compound 1 exhibited mild inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.

The chemical constituents of the roots of Smilax bockii Warb. were investigated and two pregnane glycosides and three steroid saponins were isolated. Their structures were established as 3beta-hydroxypregna-5,16-dien-20-one-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 --> 4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 --> 4)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 --> 2)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3beta-hydroxypregna-5,16-dien-20-one-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 --> 2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 --> 4)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), dioscin (3), methyl protodioscin (4), 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-22alpha-methoxyl-(25R)-furost-5-en-3beta, 26-diol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 --> 4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 --> 4)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 --> 2)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5) on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical methods. Compound 1 is a new natural product and compounds 2, 5 were first isolated from the genus Smilax. Compound 5 showed enhancing activity of nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth in PC 12D cells.

Two new flavonoids, compounds 1 and 2, together with seven known flavonoids, were isolated from Galium verum L. Their structures were elucidated as diosmetin 7-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-[beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1-6)]-beta-d-glucopyranoside (1) and 3,5,7,3',4',3'',5'',7'',3''',4'''-decahydroxyl-[8-CH(2)-8'']-biflavone (2) by chemical methods and spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 3 and 4 were isolated from the genus Galium for the first time.

Two new anthraquinones, 2,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-4-methoxyanthraquinone (1) and 2-hydroxy-7-hydroxymethyl-3-methoxyanthraquinone (2), were isolated from Hedyotis diffusa W. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic evidence.

Two new triterpene saponins, 16-O-acetyl-21-O-angeloyltheasapogenol A 3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1 --2)][beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1 --2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl (1 --3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (1) and 16,28-O-diacetyl-21-O-tigloyltheasapogenol A 3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1 --2)][beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1 --2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl (1 --3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (2), together with four known triterpenenes, have been isolated from the dried seedling of Aronia melanocarpa, and their structures established by spectroscopic and chemical evidence.

A new anthraquinone (4) and three known anthraquinones (1-3) were isolated from Galium verum L. Their structures were identified as 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone (1), physcion (2), 2-hydroxy-1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone (3), 2,5-dihydroxy-1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone (4) by means of chemical and spectroscopic analysis. Compound 2 was isolated from the genus Galium for the first time. In addition, compound 4 was assayed for antimicrobial activity in vitro.

A new naturally occurring sterol, compound 5, and six known stigmasterols were isolated from fruits of Ailanthus altissima Swingle by repeated column chromatography and RP-HPLC. Their structures were identified as, 5alpha-stigmastane-3,6-dione (1), 3beta-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one (2), stigmast-5-ene-3beta, 7alpha-diol (3), 6alpha-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (4), 5alpha-stigmastane-3beta, 6beta-diol (5), stigmast-4-ene-3beta, 6alpha-diol (6), stigmast-5-ene-3beta, 7alpha, 20xi-triol (7) by spectral analysis and comparison with the published data. These compounds have not been reported from genus Ailanthus, whereas compound 7 was identified by NMR for the first time. In addition, the 95% ethanol extract and compounds from the fruits of Ailanthus altissima SWINGLE were assayed for in vitro antimicrobial activity. The extract was potent active against the assayed bacteria while compounds 3 and 7 exhibited moderate activity.

A new phenolic compound 1 was isolated from Viburnum fordiae Hance by repeated column chromatography. Its structure was identified as 7,8-bis-O-isopropylidene-dihydroeugenol (1) by spectral analysis. In addition, compound 1 was evaluated in vitro for its antifungal activity. It was found to exhibit moderate activity against Aspergillus niger.

A new triterpene ester 1 and six known triterpenoids were isolated from Anemone rivularis by repeated column chromatography. Their structures were identified as olean-9(11),12-dien-3-O-palmitate (1), lupeol (2), betulin (3), betulic acid (4), oleanolic acid (5), ursolic acid (6), and β-amyrin (7) by spectral analysis and comparison with the published data. In addition, compound 1 was evaluated in vitro for its antimicrobial activity. It was found to exhibit moderate activity against the Gram-positive bacteria B. subtilis and S. aureus.

Two new compounds were isolated from the whole plant of Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench. By means of spectroscopic data (IR, UV, 1D and 2D NMR, HR-MS, ESI-MS, and NOESY) and chemical evidence, the structures were established as 6,7-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid (1) and (Z)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4-[3-methyl-4-(O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)but-2-enyl]isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (2).

Separation of ethyl acetate fractionation of Dracocephalum peregrinum afforded three new flavonoid glucosides (1-3), and a new cyanogenic glucoside (4). Their structures were elucidated based on HR-electron spray ionization (ESI)-MS, EI-MS, UV, IR, 1D-, and 2D-NMR data. 1-4 were tested in vitro for their antiinflammatory activity against the RAW 264.7, 293 cells. Among the compounds tested, 1-4 shown good antiinflammatory activity at 100 mug/ml by the measurement of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated macrophages. But only 2 and 3 shown weak antiinflammatory activity at 100 mug/ml during the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation assay.

A new cerebroside and three known cycloartan triterpenes were isolated from fruits of Ailanthus altissima Swingle. Their structures were identified as 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S, 3R, 4E, 9E)-2-(2'R-hydroxyhexadecenoy)-4, 9-octadecadiene-1, 3-diol (1), 9, 19-cyclolanost-23 (Z)-ene-3beta, 25-diol (2), cycloart-25-ene-3beta, 24R-diol (3), and cycloart-25-ene-3beta, 24S-diol (4) by means of chemical and spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 2, 3, and 4 were isolated from genus Ailanthus for the first time. The analgesic activity of 1 was also evaluated.

A new cerebroside, rivulacerebroside (1), was isolated from Anemone rivularis by repeated column chromatography. Its structure was assigned by spectroscopic data interpretation.