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Abstract Background Cardiac remodeling and dysfunction can be caused by atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) and left ventricular (LV) remodeling and systolic function in individuals with AF. Methods 416 patients with AF who were admitted to the Second Department of Cardiology in the East Ward of the Qingdao Municipal Hospital between January 2020 and May 2022 were included in the present retrospective research. The relationship between SIRI and various cardiac parameters was analyzed. The patients’ left atrial (LA) enlargement and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction were evaluated. SIRI was calculated by the formula: neutrophil × monocyte/lymphocyte. Results SIRI significantly correlated with LV end-diastolic diameter (LVDd), LV posterior wall thickness at end-diastole (LVPWTd), interventricular septal thickness at end-diastole (IVSTd), LV mass index (LVMI), LV ejection fraction (LVEF), LA diameter (LAD), C-reactive protein (CRP), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with AF. In multivariate linear regression analyses, SIRI was discovered to be significantly related to LVMI (ln-transformed) (p = 0.025), LVEF (ln-transformed) (p = 0.005), and LAD (ln-transformed) (p = 0.007). In multivariate logistic regression, the highest quartile of SIRI (SIRI > 1.62) was significantly associated with LV hypertrophy (p = 0.026), impaired LV systolic function (p = 0.002), and LA enlargement (p = 0.025). Conclusions SIRI was significantly associated with LV remodeling and systolic function impairment in patients with AF. SIRI may serve as a reliable and convenient inflammatory biomarker for detecting impaired cardiac structure and systolic function in patients with AF.